DATA BASE MANAGENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

Database
A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and which is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose.

DBMS
It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a database. In other words it is general-purpose software that provides the users with the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating the database for various applications.

Database system
The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.

Uses of DBMS in different sectors:

Database is widely used all around the world in different sectors: 1.Banking: For customer information, accounts loans and banking transactions. 2. Airlines: For reservations and schedule information. Airlines were among the first to use database in a geographically disturbed manner-terminals situated around the world accessed the central database system through phone lines and other data networks. 3. Universities: For student information, course registrations and grades. 4. Credit card transactions: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statements. 5. Telecommunications: For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards and storing information about the communication networks. 6. Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales and purchase of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. 7. Sales: For customer, product and purchase information.

8. Manufacturing: For management of supply chain and for tracking production of items in factories, inventories of items in warehouses/stores and orders for items. 9. Human Resources: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and benefits and for generation of paychecks. 10. Web based services: For taking web users feedback, responses, and resource sharing etc.

Objectives of DBMA approach:

1. Availability: Availability means bringing the data of an organization to

the users of that data. They system which manages data resources should be easily accessible to the people within n organization making the data available when and where it is needed, and in the manner and form in which it is needed. 2. Shareability: An ability to share data resources is a fundamental objective of database management. In its fullest interpretation, this means different people and different processes using the same actual data at virtually the same time. 3. Evolvability: Evolvability refers to the ability of the DBMS to change in response to growing user needs and advancing technology. Evolvability is the system characteristic that enhances future availability of the data resources. 4. Integrity: The importance and pervasiveness of the need to maintain database integrity is rooted in the reality that man is perfect. Destruction, errors and improper disclosure must be anticipated and explicit mechanisms provided for handling them. 5. Independence: The users of the database establish their view of the data and its structure without regard to the actual physical storage of data.

Components of DBMS:

DBMS engine accepts logical requests from various other DBMS subsystems, converts them into physical equivalents, and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage device. Data definition subsystem helps the user create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database. Data manipulation subsystem helps the user to add, change, and delete information in a database and query it for valuable information. Software tools within the data manipulation subsystem are most often the primary interface between user and the information contained in a database. It allows the user to specify its logical information requirements. Application generation subsystem contains facilities to help users develop transaction-intensive applications. It usually requires that the user perform a detailed series of tasks to process a transaction. It facilitates easy-to-use data entry screens, programming languages, and interfaces. Data administration subsystem helps users manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management.

Data base administration (DBA):

Data Administration is group of people responsible for managing organizations database functioning within the data processing department. The chief of the database administration is called database administrator

Functions of DBA:
1. Schema Definition The Database Administrator creates the database schema by executing DDL statements. Schema includes the logical structure of database table (Relation) like data types of attributes, length of attributes, integrity constraints etc.
2. Storage structure and access method definition Database tables or indexes are stored in the following ways: Flat files, Heaps, B+ Tree etc... 3. Schema and physical organization modification The DBA carries out changes to the existing schema and physical organization. Granting authorization for data access The DBA provides different access rights to the users according to their level. Ordinary users might have highly restricted access to data, while you go up in the hierarchy to the administrator, you will get more access rights. 4. Routine Maintenance Some of the routine maintenance activities of a DBA are given below. Taking backup of database periodically. Ensuring enough disk space is available all the time. Monitoring jobs running on the database. Ensure that performance is not degraded by some expensive task submitted by some users. Performance Tuning.

Components of DBMS with Diagram:

Data Base Administration:

ADITYA ENGENEERING COLLEGE SURAMPALEM

SUBJECT: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TOPIC : USES, OBJECTIVES, COMPONENTS, DBA

Submitted to:
P ANU RADHA MADUM Submitted by:

P SAI SARVESH, MBA-JNTUK, Roll no: 06.