TUTORIAL FUNDAMENTALS OF AC THEORY 1. A load draws 1000 kVA at a power factor 0.8 lagging.

Calculate the real and reactive power of the system. [800 kW, 600 kVar] 2. For the given voltage and current below, calculate the complex power, apparent power, real and reactive power. Then, determine whether the power factor obtained is leading or lagging. V = 240 30, I = 5 60 [1200 30 VA, 1200 VA, 1.04 kW, 600Var, 0.87 leading] 3. An inductive load consisting of R and X feeding from a 2400 V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging power factor of 0.8. Determine R and X if a. R and X in series b. R and X in parallel [a. 12.8 , 9.6 b. 20 and 26.7 ] 4. Two impedances, Z1 = 0.8 + j 5.6 and Z2 = 8 j 16 and a single-phase motor are connected in parallel across a 200 V, 60 Hz supply. The motor draws 5 kVA at 0.8 power factor lagging. a. Find the complex power S1, S2 for the two impedances and S3 for the motor. b. Determine the total power taken from the supply, the supply current and the overall power factor. c. A capacitor is connected in parallel with the loads. Find the capacitance in F to improve the overall power factor to unity. [a. 7.071 81.87 kVA, 2.236 63.43 kVA, 5 36.87 kVA b. 10 53.13 kVA, 50 53.13 A, 0.6 lagging c. 530.5 F] 5. Three impedances of 4 + j 3 are -connected and tied to a three-phase 208-V power line. Find I, IL, P, Q, S, and the power factor of this load. [41.6 A, 72.05 A, 20.77 kW, 15.58 kVar, 25.96 kVA, 0.8 lagging] 6. Figure 1 shows a three-phase power system with two loads. The -connected generator is producing a line voltage of 480 V, and the line impedance is 0.09 + j 0.16 . Load 1 is Y-connected, with a phase impedance of 2.536.87 and load 2 is -connected, with a phase impedance of 5-20 . a. What is the line voltage of the two loads? b. What is the voltage drop on the transmission lines? c. Find the real and reactive powers supplied to each load. d. Find the real and reactive power losses in the transmission line. e. Find the real power, reactive power, and power factor supplied by the generator. [a. 439 7.3 V b. 41.3 52 V c. 61.6 kW, 46.2 kVar; 108.4 kW, 39.5 kVar d. 13.7 kW, 24.3 kVar e. 183.7 kW, 31 kVar, 0.986 lagging]

Figure 1

7. The figure2 below shows a one-line diagram of a simple power system containing a single 480 V generator and three loads. Assume that the transmission lines in this power system are lossless, and answer the following questions. a. Assume that Load 1 is Y-connected. What are the phase voltage and currents in that load? b. Assume that Load 2 is -connected. What are the phase voltage and currents in that load? c. What real, reactive, and apparent power does the generator supply when the switch is open? d. What is the total line current L I when the switch is open? e. What real, reactive, and apparent power does the generator supply when the switch is closed? Assume that Load 2 is -connected. f. What is the total line current L I when the switch is closed?

Figure 2 [a. 277 V, 133.7 25.84 A b. 480 V, 55.56 36.87 A c. 164 kW, 96.4 kVar, 189.2 kVa d. 228.8 A e. 244 kW, 46.8 kVar f. 298.8 10.87 A] 2