Opci Podaci o Europskim Zeljeznickim Upravama

Rail Research in the EU
A comparison of European public research programmes with the ERRAC SRRA 2020
March 2008
European Rail Research Advisory Council
A comparison of European public research programmes with the ERRAC SRRA 2020 2008
Content
EUROPEAN RAIL RESEARCH ADVISORY COUNCIL 1. INTRODUCTION 2. INFORMATION SOURCES FOR EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL RAIL RESEARCH 3 FACT SHEET AUSTRIA 4. FACT SHEET LIECHTENSTEIN 5. FACT SHEET BELGIUM 3 FACT SHEET BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 6. FACT SHEET CYPRUS 7. FACT SHEET CZECH REPUBLIC 8. FACT SHEET DENMARK 9. FACT SHEET ESTONIA 10 FACT SHEET FINLAND 11 FACT SHEET FRANCE
2
2 5
6 7 11 12 16 19 20 24 27 30 34
12 FACT SHEET GERMANY 13 FACT SHEET GREECE 14. FACT SHEET HUNGARY 15 FACT SHEET IRELAND 16 FACT SHEET ITALY 17 FACT SHEET LATVIA 18 FACT SHEET LITHUANIA 19 FACT SHEET LUXEMBURG 20 FACT SHEET NETHERLANDS 21. FACT SHEET MALTA 22 FACT SHEET POLAND 23 FACT SHEET PORTUGAL 21. FACT SHEET SAN MARINO 24 FACT SHEET SLOVAKIA 25 FACT SHEET SLOVENIA 26 FACT SHEET SPAIN 27 FACT SHEET SWEDEN 28 FACT SHEET UNITED KINGDOM 29 FACT SHEET ROMANIA 30 FACT SHEET BULGARIA 31 FACT SHEET SERBIA 31 FACT SHEET SWITZERLAND 32 FACT SHEET CROATIA
39 43 46 49 52 55 59 63 66 70 71 76 82 83 87 90 94 98 103 107 111 115 119
34 FACT SHEET TURKEY CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS COMPARING THE FACT SHEETS TO EACH OTHER COMPARING THE FACT SHEETS TO THE SRRA
122 125 127 127 127
1. Introduction
Welcome to the second edition of the ERRAC (European Rail Research and Advisory Council) survey of rail research within the European Union. The first edition was greeted with considerable interest and we received many welcome comments. We have incorporated these wherever possible. In particular the survey now comes in a single edition and has broadened its scope outside that of the European Union to cover other European states as well. In reading through the survey it is again clear that rail research in Europe is a dynamic undertaking with some considerable programmes being funded in the Member States. There has also been the start of cooperation between the Member States; building on the concept of the DeuFraKo programme of cooperation between France and Germany there is now cooperation between Austria and Sweden and Sweden and UK. The EUs ERA-NET Transport initiative is designed to take this further and one can expect a greater number of cooperative actions in the future. As will be seen from the conclusion cooperation is needed if the ERRAC Strategic Rail Research Agenda (SRRA) is to be realised. In reviewing the research programmes across Europe and taking into account the EUs Framework Programme then the full extent of the SRRA is covered. But each individual actor in the research field is often unaware of the activities of the others. It would be beneficial to all if the full extent of the research underway in Europe at a public level could be shared. This would allow the results to be leveraged to yield more than the sum of the total. It would also allow parties to share costs in the pursuit of common objectives. This is all starting to happen but it is felt that far more could be done. We are indebted to all of the many people who have contributed to this survey and made it what it is, but as ever with a survey of this nature it is out of date before it has been published as the dynamic world of research moves forward. Please keep us informed of any new developments that you become aware of as we attempt to inform you. Thank you for your interest in the work of ERRAC and rail research.
2. Information Sources for European and National Rail Research

Within the European Research Area, research is depended on a coherent framework of incentives. To set-up regional innovation clusters, support pre-competitive research or basic research, different support instruments are needed. While a canon might not be the weapon of choice to hunt birds and an airgun is of limited use at a safari, research questions have to be focused on the right instruments. European and national funding providing a coherent framework. Before introducing the activities in the individual EU Member States, this chapter shall introduce some of the key information sources for railway-related research in the European Research Area: CORDIS (Community Research & Development Information Service) CORDIS is an important source on European research programmes and relevant matters. It is financed by the European Commission and should facilitate participation in European research and innovation activities. In addition to links to official documents and calls for proposals of the European RTD Framework Programme, several newsletters explain how EU research policy works and inform on latest developments. It can also be used to find partners, and transfer your innovative ideas. Another useful feature is the overview on older research projects. http://cordis.europa.eu/en/home.html
Transport Research Knowledge Centre EXTR@WEB - EXploitation of Transport Research Results via the WEB. EXTR@Web attempts to collect, structure, analyse and disseminate transport research results in Europe, as well as selected global transport research programmes and projects. A database offers detailed search options for European programmes and projects (EC and national). In 2004 a report "TRANSPORT RESEARCH IN THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA - A guide to European, international and national programmes and other research activities, revised version" have been published. This is a FP5 Project of DG TREN which established a database of national RTD programmes and projects of 30 European countries. http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/extra/web/index.cfm
ERA-NET TRANSPORT ERA-NET Transport is a FP6 coordination action which promotes the cooperation between national transport research activities by creating tools and means for trans-national research cooperation. It aims to supply transport and research policy-makers with information about the future challenges and European research priorities. The objectives are to: Develop model procedures and rule sets for trans-national research cooperation and coordination in order to establish a basis for sustainable European research framework. Map the national programmes or transport R&D activities analysing the objectives, main players and approaches. Develop a shared vision for European transport research and identify the research topics that are most fit for cooperation and integration. Test and implement the cooperation and co-ordination activities, the model rules and procedures on selected topics. Draw conclusions on the basis of monitoring and evaluating practical experiences in order to influence future national, regional and/or European transport research and policy planning. Increase the knowledge of trans-national research, its methods, best-practices and possibilities. http://www.transport-era.net 6
3 Fact Sheet Austria

3.1 Characterisation of the Railway Sector
The Austrian railway network, with a length of 5.690 km, has a central position in the Trans European Network. The statistics show that mainly the freight transport has experienced a quite important growth over the last 10-20 years and a continuation of this growth is foreseen. The railways in Austria are for a major part operated and managed by the Austrian Federal Railways, BB. Some regional lines are operated and managed by other companies. In 2005 the BB Company was replaced by a Group structure with BBHolding AG at the very top of the Group and individual stock corporations (AG) and limited liability corporations (GmbH) which are responsible for their own business results. Two of the biggest ongoing infrastructure projects are the upgrading of the Westbahn (from Vienna to the German border) to be completed in 2011 and the upgrading of the Brenner line from the German to the Italian border, in the long term including the new Brenner Base Tunnel.
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked)
8,1 84 97 1970 5.901 1975 5.864 1980 5.857 1985 5.766
Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 5.624 1995 5.672 1999 5.643
BB (GKE) BB (GKE) BB (GKE) 2000 5.683 2001 5.683 1.834 32 3.493 61 2001 1.163 333 3.291 18.430 2001 48.509 2001 86 183 8.240 2002 km km % km % 2002
2.374 40 1970 1.212 211 4.125 39.109 1970 73.932 1970 53 157 6.800 151
2.690 46 1975 1.179 218 3.843 39.937 1975 74.699 1975 56 169 7.336 183
2.971 51 1980 1.199 229 4.025 38.689 1980 72.522 1980 60 170 7.380 419
3.114 54 1985 1.220 281 3.007 37.667 1985 70.961 1985 64 158 7.290 538
3.246 58 1990 1.221 322 3.689 34.330 1990 66.929 1990 75 168 8.575
3.418 60 1995 1.179 363 3.740 28.923 1995 61.274 1995 88 194 9.628
3.456 61 1999 1.170 335 3.584 23.912 1999 51.791 1999 92 182 7.997
3.493 61 2000 1.153 347 3.442 18.415 2000 50.692 2000 90 183 8.206
2002 2002 185 8.301 Mio. Mio. Mio.
3.2 Institutional framework

The institutional framework is given below in a schematic way. The governmental organisations are on the right and the research/operating organisations are on the left.
Contractors/Engineering Firms No information
EU Liaison office EIP - Division for European and International Programmes www.ffg.at
Research Institutes Technical University Graz, Institute for Railway Engineering and Transport Economy (www.ebw.tugraz.at) Technical University Vienna, Institute for Railway Engineering, Traffic Economics and Ropeways (www.eiba.tuwien.ac.at) University Innsbruck, Institute of Infrastructure / Railway System Engineering and Public Traffic (www.uibk.ac.at/eisenbahnwesen) FH JOANNEUM Graz (www.fh-joanneum.at) Arsenal Research (www.arsenal.ac.at) Rail Tec Arsenal, the new climatic wind Infrastructure Manager BB-Infrastruktur Betrieb AG - OSS Austria, responsible for track / slot order acceptance, examination of admission (incl. safety certification) and track/slot assignment. www.oebb.at Rail operators www.oebb.at , www.wlb.at , www.gke.at , www.raaberbahn.at , www.stlb.at
Ministries Bundesministerium fr Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie www.bmvit.gv.at Railway Authorities BMVIT Sektion II (supreme authority for railways and other public traffic systems), responsible for: admissions for railways operators, Registration and put into use certification of all new railways systems/subsystems, Construction affairs in the context of railways infrastructure (admissions etc.), Authority for railways traffic policy, Finance and controlling administration in the entire railways sector. Schienen-Control GmbH, is responsible for the Surveillance of non discriminatory slot assignment and use, it is also the Management body of Schienen-Control Kommission, who is responsible for all arbitration activities regarding third party access SCHIG mbH is responsible for financing investments in railway infrastructure and has a controlling function in the field of rail transport on behalf of the Federal Government (e.g. notified body interoperability). Provinces/Regions Due to an amendment following responsibilities are applied: Feeder lines - Bezirkshauptmannschaften Loop lines without concession, official instructions, sale and discontinuation - Amt der Landesregierung Main lines after acceptilation (order) Bundesministerium fr Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie, able to authorise the Landeshauptmann for approbations
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Vienna: www.wienerlinien.at Innsbruck: www.ivb.at Linz: www.linzag.at Salzburg: www.salzburg-ag.at Graz: www.gvb.at
3.3
Research Strategies and Resources
Overview Austria is the only European country to have a specific programme dedicated to rail research. Austria clearly advocates a modal shift away from road towards rail. Austrias Innovatives System Bahn (ISB) is designed to enhance scientific skills as well as the competitiveness of the rail sector. The major topics of ISB are: to increase the customer acceptance: reliability, safety, comfort to tackle environmental issues: noise, emissions optimisation of the interaction carriage-railway, maintainability, availability of carriages optimisation of driving dynamics : energy, control
In order to work on interdisciplinary, multi-technology and systematic solutions, R&D activities in the following fields of technology are promoted: Telematics, train control, traffic flow management Innovative rail transport systems, intermodal cargo turnover technologies, special cargo carriages Optimised concepts for carriages and drivers Mechatronic systems and components Energy-efficient power units (e.g. climatisation) Technologies for construction and maintenance of railway lines
In 2007 there will be two new programmes with relation to rail: I2V Intermodality and Interoperability of Transport Systems and A3plus Alternative Propulsion Systems and Fuels. In both programmes rail research projects can be funded.
Other research themes In 2007 Austria developed the Telematics Master Plan, which is based on a strategy that defines the main strands of the application of telematics to Austrias transport system. This master plan shows how the capacity of the existing transport infrastructure can be exploited more efficiently by employing macroeconomic, microeconomic and ecologically-compatible measures. The measures cover all modes of transport: road, rail, air and inland waterway. It is the declared goal of the Telematics Master Plan to improve Austrias transport system by defining a set of measures for the prioritised application of telematics. The Generalverkehrsplan sterreich is a strategic long-term investment programme for infrastructure, of which 8.5 billion will be invested in the railways, focusing, new lines, upgrading, nodes and stations until 2010 and 12.1 billion will be invested afterwards. The Mainstream strategies of the BB are: Expansion from the pure rail carrier business (freight) towards becoming a player for wide range logistic services in the new economic regions. Cooperation strategies on project level. Focus on the goods transportation sector and the commuter business in the passenger sector. Focus on IC passenger traffic and rolling stock investments No dedicated high speed lines within the next 15 years, but major enhancements of main corridors like Westbahn line (4 tracks between Vienna and Wels and 230 km/h speed), 9
Phyrn- and Tauern- line as well as Inntal/Brenner with partly track renewals and significant operation management improvements. Identification of technological challenges in the transport/rail sector (noise, tunnels, safety, reliability).
Rail research in Austria was also included in three other sub-programmes which were rather multi-modal and transversal programmes: telematics for public transport, logistic Austria plus, and research for sustainable and user friendly mobility. Relation with the SRRA The national rail research programme is composed in such a way that it supports joint cooperative initiatives between academics and the industrial sector. Interestingly, ISB programme part 2 (2004-2006) was designed with the inputs of ERRAC and the first two calls of the FP6 programme. Annual resources Austrias intent is to increase its R&D spending to reach 3% of GDP by 2010 in order to comply with EU Barcelona objectives. Currently (2006) research and development spending is 2.43 % of GDP. The 2002 ISB call had a budget of 3.4 million; the call for 2004 had a 4.8 million budget. The first call resulted in 52 submissions from which 15 projects were selected and the second call resulted in 57 submissions from which 25 were selected. Projects are supported for two years according to a cost share principle. For 2005 and 2006 there was a 3 million budget. The average funding budget for the programmes I2V and A3plus will be about 5 million per year and per programme until 2012. Annexes Telematics Master Plan www.bmvit.gv.at/verkehr/gesamtverkehr/download/Telematikrahmenplan_Endbericht.pdf Generalverkehrsplan sterreich www.bmvit.gv.at/verkehr/gesamtverkehr/generalverkehrsplanung/index.html Network www.oebb.at Innovatives System Bahn www.bmvit.gv.at/innovation/verkehrstechnologie/isb/index.html I2V Intermodality and Interoperability of Transport Systems www.I2V.at A3plus Alternative Propulsion Systems and Fuels www.A3plus.at TAKE V www.bmvit.gv.at/innovation/verkehrstechnologie/takeoev/index.html I2 Intelligente Infrastruktur www.bmvit.gv.at/innovation/verkehrstechnologie/i2intell_infra/index.html Logistik Austria Plus www.bmvit.gv.at/innovation/verkehrstechnologie/logaustria/index.html
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4. Fact Sheet Liechtenstein

4.1 Characterisation of the Railway sector
The one and only railway line in Liechtenstein has got a total length of approx. 18.5 km and is running from the Austrian to the Swiss border. This line on the principality of Liechtensteins territory between Feldkirch in Austria and Buchs in Switzerland and the four stations Schaanwald, Nendeln, Forst Hilti und Schaan-Vaduz are operated and maintained exclusively by BB (sterreichische Bundesbahnen). Currently no extensions or changes of the line are planned. Liechtenstein
General Information Population Surface Population density 0,034 0,16 213 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings BB BB BB
TOTAL NETWORK ELECTRIFIED NETWORK % electrified LOCS MULTIPLE UNITS COACHES WAGONS STAFF PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES PASSENGERS PKM TONNES TKM
1970 1975 1980 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 100 100 100
1985 18,5 18,5 100
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2005 18,5 18,5 100

See Fact Sheet Austria
4.3
See Fact Sheet Austria 11
5. Fact Sheet Belgium
5.1 Characterisation of the railway sector

The Belgian railway network plays a central role in northwest Europe, for passengers especially since it has been connected to the French high-speed network in 1994. Since then, Brussels has become the hub of the Thalys network and terminus for TGV, ICE and Eurostar services. There is also a lot of freight traffic on the network, mainly going to and from the Antwerp and Rotterdam harbours. The Belgian railways (NMBS/SNCB) manage and operate the network. Projects include the construction of a high speed line between Antwerp and the Dutch border (including a tunnel under the Antwerp central station) and the construction/upgrading of the high speed line between Brussels and the German border (including the renovation of Lige Guillemins Stations).
Belgium
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 10,3 31 337 1970 4.605 1.217 26 1970 1.080 456 2.687 44.651 1970 56.685 1970 58 201 8.260 170 23 72 7.876 218 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 4.317 1.276 30 1975 1.135 536 3.437 47.720 1975 60.414 1975 65 190 8.258 161 21 60 6.804 236 1980 3.971 1.414 36 1980 1.147 593 3.609 42.968 1980 65.652 1980 72 164 6.963 225 23 71 8.037 382 1985 3.667 1.978 54 1985 1.095 689 3.610 38.626 1985 57.964 1985 72 150 6.572 318 22 73 8.277 450 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 3.479 2.294 66 1990 1.038 689 3.286 30.332 1990 45.205 1990 71 142 6.539 295 21 67 8.370 403 1995 3.368 2.371 70 1995 969 610 3.110 20.318 1995 41.891 1995 70 144 6.757 379 17 60 7.304 365 1999 3.472 2.701 78 1999 945 672 3.397 18.632 1999 40.606 1999 77 147 7.354 487 18 59 7.392 408 SNCB/NMBS SNCB/NMBS SNCB/NMBS 2000 2001 2002 km km % 2000 2001 2002
2000 2000 153 7.755
2001 2001 160 8.038
2002 2002 165 8.260 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio.
61 7.674
57 7.080
69 8.363
210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
9.000
90 85 80
10.000 9.500 9.000 8.500 8.000 7.500 7.000 6.500 6.000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
8.500
8.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
75 70 65
7.500
7.000
6.500
12
60 55 50
6.000

Contractors/Engineering Firms Firms in the field of engineering works should comply with the regulatory law of 20/3/1991 Research Institutes Research is focussed on transport and mobility (political and socio-economical aspects) CIEM is an interuniversity network for the francophone community (87Hwww.ciem.be) Bivec Gibet is the Benelux Interuniversity Association of Transport Economists and represents as such a Benelux forum (88Hwww.bivec-gibet.org) Infrastructure Manager Since 2005 the railway infrastructure is managed by Infrabel. Infrabel is in charge of maintenance, renewal and modernisation of the rail network. It also performs the operations on the network and allocates train paths (86Hwww.infrabel.be) Rail operators Besides the incumbent operator SNCB/NMBS (81Hwww.b-rail.be) , access is opened to other freight operators such as DLC (82Hwww.dlcargo.com), Rail4chem (83Hwww.rail4chem.com), and SNCF FRET (84H f t f ) Freight Customers Passenger Revenue
EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Belgium to the EU Ministries Federal Public Service for Mobility and Transport (www.mobilit.fgov.be) Federal Public Service for Science Policy (www.mobilit.fgov.be) Railway Authorities Federal Committee for Safety of rail transport Federal Service Regulation of Rail transport (85Hwww.mobilit.fgov.be) Provinces/Regions Flemish Government of which AWI (76Hwww.vlaanderen.be, 77Hawi.vlaanderen.be) Walloon Ministry of Public Works and Transport Ministry of the Walloon Region (78Hmet.wallonie.be, 79Hrecherchetechnologie.wallonie.be)
Urban transport operators Flanders: De Lijn (73Hwww.delijn.be) Wallonia: TEC (74Hwww.infotec.be) Brussels : STIB/MIVB
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5.3 Research Strategies and Resources

Overview A strategic plan for 2006 has been made up for Infrabel. All three companies of the SNCB Group have equally an Enterprise plan as required by the Management contract with the State. Major transport/ rail sector needs are reflected in the investment plan 2005-2007. For Infrabel this amounts to a total of 3.3 Bio. of investments. Resources for rail research activities No dedicated resources have been identified for rail research. Impulse programmes are limited to innovation in the transport sector. The rail share is limited in these programmes. Contacts are: CIEM: an interuniversity network for the francophone community www.ciem.be Bivec Gibet: the Benelux Interuniversity Association of Transport Economists and represents as such a Benelux forum www.bivec-gibet.org
Research activities, results No dedicated resources have been identified for rail research. Impulse programmes are limited to innovation in the transport sector. The rail share is limited in these programmes. A participation in INNOTRACK (6th framework) is foreseen Some universities have a course in railway technology. Specific info can be obtained from: CIEM: an interuniversity network for the francophone community www.ciem.be Bivec Gibet: the Benelux Interuniversity Association of Transport Economists and represents as such a Benelux forum www.bivec-gibet.org
Compliance with SRRA For the moment there is no participation in the SRRA. http://www.research.be
Investments In the investment plan 2005-2007: For Infrabel this amounts to a total of 3.3 Bio. of investments Major aims for investments (in mio): Pure HST: 720.8 Mixed HST-conventional: 196.0 14
Maintenance conventional: 545.9 Signal box concentration: 187.4 ETCS: 18.1 GSM-R : 86.1 Reception stations: 209.6 Capacity extension conventional: 232.0 RER Urban network Brussels: 487.0 PPP: 309.2 In rolling stock incl. workshops, ICT, SNCB will invest 947 mio over a time span of 20052007.
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3 Fact Sheet Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovinas railway network is operated and maintained by two independent companies: eljeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine and eljeznice Republike Srpske. During the civil war in the 90th the network was seriously destroyed and has been renewed since 2005. This included the re-opening of the international line between the capital Sarajevo and the Croatian capital Zagreb. Three main lines mostly east-west bound run trough the country and connect the major cities. Due to the split of the former Yugoslavia the railway network of Bosnia and Herzegovina is now an important link between the Croatian harbours of Split and Ploe. In 2005 the government decided to set up a broad program to renew the railway infrastructure in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
General Information Population Surface Population density Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings
4,498 5,1 0,9
Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km
FBH, ZRS FBH, ZRS FBH, ZRS
1970 1975 1980 TOTAL NETWORK ELECTRIFIED NETWORK % electrified LOCS MULTIPLE UNITS COACHES WAGONS STAFF PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES PASSENGERS PKM TONNES TKM
1985 944 682 72,2
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 944 1032 943 1032 1032 1033 1000 751 751 690 779 779 779 746 79,6 72,8 73,2 75,5 75,5 75,4 74,6 169 169 14 14 20 300 302 246 248 2664 2917 3468 4177 23886 3123 7113 6585 7009 7143
2005 1000 746 74,6
6815
18964 13171 2836 1742 1715 1409 1644 1382 63 31828 28253 1010 3413 4008 4389 5037 4009 16
1850 2019 2143 2345 647 903 904 1026 1330 1287 1088 1096 1042 1169 47 53 53 55 53 57 4215 4688 5227 5934 7912 12024 214 264 293 312 612 1176
16

The institutional framework is given below in a schematic way. The governmental organisations are on the right and the research/operating organisations are on the left. It is designed in such a way as to show the flow of money between the different organisations (if information is available) with arrows and figures.
EU Liaison office No information
Research Institutes No information
Ministries
Bosnia i Hercegovina Vlada Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine Federalno ministarstvo Prometa i komunickacija http://www.fmpik.gov.ba/
Railway Authorities No information Infrastructure Manager F B H eljeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine ZRS eljeznice Republike Srpske www.zrs-rs.com Rail operators
361HZFBH ZRS
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue Provinces/Regions Unsko-sanski kanton, Posavski kanton/Posavska upanija, Tuzlanski kanton, Zeniko-dobojski kanton, Bosansko-podrinjski kanton, Srednjobosanski kanton/Srednjobosanska upanija, Hercegovako-neretvanski kanton/Hercegovako-neretvanska upanija, Zapadno-hercegovaki kanton / Zapadnohercegovaka upanija, Sarajevski kanton,Hercegbosanska upanija/Livanjski kanton/Zapadnobosanski kanton
Urban transport operators
17
3.3
Overview No information
Other research themes No information
Relation with the SRRA No information
Annual resources No information
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6. Fact Sheet Cyprus

Today there are no railway operations in Cyprus. The narrow gauge railway line of the Cyprus Government Railway closed at the end of December 1951. It ran from the port at Famagusta, through Nicosia almost to the port of Morphou (Gzelyurt). It carried freight, water, passengers, wedding parties and, on festivals, it even carried the revellers. The railway line was 60 kilometres long, and there were stations at two mile intervals, the names being written in three languages: English, Greek, and Turkish. Speed was from 30 to 50 km/h and the journey to Nicosia took about two hours, another two hours for the extra 38 kilometers to Morphou (Gzelyurt).
General Information Population 0,735 (Greek part only) Surface 9,2 (without Nothern Cyprus: 5,8) Population 117 density Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings Railway lines out of service Railway lines out of service Railway lines out of service
1970 Infrastructure Length of the network of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives Multiple units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km passengers Passengers carried Passengers-km Passenger traffic revenue Train-km freight Tonnes carried Tonne-km Freight traffic revenue mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. km km % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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7. Fact Sheet Czech Republic

The railway network of the Czech Republic is the densest in the EU. The major part of the network is managed by SZDC (Sprva eleznin dopravn cesty, state organization Railway Infrastructure Administration) and operated by CD (esk drhy, joint stock company the main Czech railway operator) for SZDC according the agreement by the Act No. 77/2002 Coll. as amended. Since 1995 an open access to railway infrastructure is there. The prime objective of development of railway infrastructure is the modernisation of the mainline tracks and complying with the technical specifications for interoperability. In regional passenger railway transport, conditions will be created for development of light railway transport systems. Renovation of rolling stock in railway passenger transport will be supported through state guaranteed credits, the active support of the Prague metro construction will continue. The proposal of Operational Programme Transport for period 2007-2013 (its gesture is the Ministry of Transport) supposes also priorities focused on strengthening of railway sector interoperability, combine transport and support of regional passenger rolling stock innovation.
20
Czech Republic
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 10,2 79 130 1970 13.308 2.510 19 1970 3.976 1.022 10.145 144.706 1970 195.036 1970 131 549 18.883 61 108 238 55.910 404 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 13.214 2.707 20 1975 1980 13.131 2.989 23 1980 1985 13.130 3.507 27 1985 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers SZDC, JHMD Pass. Railway Undertakings CD, JHMD, Viamont, OKD, Connex, Puc, Railtrans Freight Railway Undertakings See Passenger + 6 others 1990 13.111 3.910 30 1990 4.661 1.349 8.597 144.731 1990 236.218 1990 140 408 19.395 80 112 254 59.490 725 1995 9.430 2.640 28 1995 2.968 960 5.996 74.728 1995 103.249 1995 108 227 8.005 89 51 22.634 591 1999 9.444 2.843 30 1999 2.851 983 5.607 67.110 1999 89.220 1999 95 177 6.954 150 41 82 16.456 629 2000 9.444 2.843 30 2000 2.829 973 5.284 60.681 2000 2000 185 7.300 157 89 17.220 681 2001 9.523 2.893 30 2001 2.639 970 5.259 52.427 2001 2001 191 7.299 164 87 16.557 648 2002 9.600 2.926 30 2002 2.476 968 5.149 49.150 2002 2002 177 6.597 171 89 17.042 590 2003 174 6.518 169 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. 2003 9.602 2.943 31 2003 2.478 977 5.121 48.158 km km %
1975 187.113 1975 134 486 18.473 63 120 272 62.704 461
1980 206.668 1980 132 416 18.043 58 122 286 66.210 526
1985 211.892 1985 135 419 19.839 66 118 294 66.203 709
608
600 550
20.400 18.400
350
75.000
300
65.000
500 450 400 350 300 10.400 250 200 150 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 8.400 6.400 100 25.000 16.400 14.400 12.400 150 35.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 250 55.000 Tonnes Carried 200 45.000 Tonne-km
50 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
15.000
Sources: Czech Ministry of Transport, UIC database
21

Ministries
Ministry of Transport; The basic activities of the Ministry concerning the railway sector are to secure functions of the state administration, state supervision and international relations in matters concerning Railroads and Railway Transport. State Fund for Transport Infrastructure (SFDI) www.mdcr.cz, www.sfdi.cz Contractors/Engineering Firms ACRI, an organization associating 43 companies active in the rail supply industry in the Czech Republic. ACRI is a member of UNIFE. KPM CONSULT, an organization associating 10 main infrastructure companies within the Czech Republic www.acri.cz, www.kpmconsult.cz
Research Institutes EU Liaison office

Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic Department for EU Affairs VUZ, a.s. (Railway Research Institute, joint stock company) is a subsidiary company of CD. It performs research, development and testing in the field of railway technology, as well as small series manufacture of special devices and equipment, resulting from its own research and development. Test Centre of VUZ at Velim (TCV) ranks among significant and reputable test centres for railway's technology and equipment in Europe. Technical facilities of TCV with test tracks (Railway Research Circuits) and Dynamic testing laboratory constitutes unique complex for realization the big assortment of driving tests (it is tests for development a new technologies, prove and research) of railway vehicles, other railway equipment and means of transportation as so as other experiments and laboratory tests. VUZ is the Accredited Body No: AO 258/ Notified Body No.: 1714 for railway interoperability. VKV a.s. is a joint stock company based in Prague. It operates a test centre which is based in Prague, and a branch test centre which is situated in the grounds of the Railway Test Circuit at Velim near Prague (see also VUZ).The main areas of the companys activities are focused on the development and testing of railway vehicles and vehicle parts. The Transport Research Centre falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Transport. Its main task is to provide research and development work for all branches of transport. www.cdvuz.cz www.vukv.cz www.cdv.cz
eurail@mdcr.cz Railway Authorities

The Ministry of Transport decides on the closure of railway lines and on the categorisation of the network, in agreement with the Ministry of Defense. The Rail Authority is a special authority for the construction of rail infrastructure and related infrastructure elements and it decides on the issue of official permits for the operation of rail systems and on licensing to railway undertakings. The Rail Safety Inspection Office is an independent state body which investigates rail accidents and incidents and performs state supervision of the whole Czech rail system.
www.mdcr.cz
www.du-praha.cz, www.dicr.cz
Infrastructure Manager
SZDC - Railway Infrastructure Administration has taken over management of the railway infrastructure owned by the state. It fulfils the role of a rail owner, providing operation, operability, modernization and development of the railway infrastructure. It allocates path capacity on a national and regional rail owned by the Czech Republic. The private owners of railway infrastructure execute themselves function of infrastructure manager (Obligation of Track Owner according to section 20 of the Act on railway systems).
Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators

www.cd.cz, www.viamont.cz, www.okd-doprava.cz, www.jhmd.cz, www.connex.info/czechia/about_connex_cz/Connex_Cesk a_Zeleznicni www.railtrans.info
www.szdc.cz www.zeleznicedesna.cz www.jhmd.cz Provinces/Regions

The Czech Republic is divided into 14 regions as higher territorial self-governing units. In the realm of railway transport the regions contribute to providing transport services for their own area, on top of the level of basic transport services provided by the state. www.praha-mesto.cz, www.kraj-jihocesky.cz, www.kr-jihomoravsky.cz, www.kr-karlovarsky.cz, www.kr-vysocina.cz, www.kr-kralovehradecky.cz, www.kraj-lbc.cz, www.kr-moravskoslezsky.cz, www.kr-olomoucky.cz, www.pardubickykraj.cz, www.kr-plzensky.cz, www.kr-stredocesky.cz, www.krustecky.cz, www.kr-zlinsky.cz
Freight Operators only

www.unipetroldoprava.cz, www.suas.cz, www.mus.cz, www.slezskomoravskadraha.cz, www.vitkovice.cz
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue

Urban transport is in the Czech Republic secured by busses, tramways, trolley buses and cableways. The conditions for the construction of tracks, installations and transport on the tracks are regulated by the Act on railway systems.
e.g.: www.dp-praha.cz
22

Key vision The key vision of the departmental research program consists of the following three elements: 1. The integration of the national transport system into the European transport system, based on the principles of developing sustainable mobility for persons and goods, 2. The support of obtaining extended knowledge of the whole transport chain, 3. The effective integration of transport and transport systems into the society. Other research themes Development of the infrastructure - Standardisation of infrastructure of regional railway systems - New, cheap construction components of railroads - Development of superior railway infrastructure with respect to creation of integrated tact time table - Rationalization of railway infrastructure Technical, technological and informational interoperability of the transport chain on national and European level Analysis of transport relations within the territory of the state Seamless transport - standards of integrate transport systems - controlling of public transport - check in systems in public transport - handicapped citizens in public transport Development of intermodal and multimodal transport is the basic aim of European and national transport, because it creates prerequisite for development of sustainable transport. It is necessary to ensure a basic methodology, legislative support as well as technical and technological frameworks for the development. Unconventional sources of investments in the whole transport chain, the transport process and its partial segments can be developed by use of investments from various (also private) sources. Telematics and informational tools for support of transport policy execution; The main aim of sharing of information from telematic applications is to allow to monitor, control and plan the whole transport process according to the principles of sustainable development. Safety and security - level crossings - new construction components of infrastructure - new construction components of railway vehicles - e-security of railway vehicles in public transport - movement of handicapped citizens on infrastructure Relation with the SRRA The Czech Republic has no official relation with the SRRA. Annual resources Financing of departmental research and development proceeds from medium-term view of research and development support and is annually specified during preparation of state budget. These financial resources are approved for the Ministry of Transport for supporting research and development in the whole transport sector for the next years: 2005 142 077 000 CZK (~4,6 M) 2006 136 193 000 CZK (~4,4 M) 2007 135 000 000 CZK (~4,4 M) Moreover, funding for rail research is available from other sources within the railway sector.
23
8. Fact Sheet Denmark

Denmark consists of a number of bigger and smaller islands as well as a part of mainland Europe, bordering to Germany. In recent years, two important fixed rail/road links have been successfully put into operation (Storebaelt and resund). As a result of this, trains can now run through from Germany to Sweden. The major part of the Danish network is managed by Banedanmark and 80 percent of the services are operated by DSB. Current projects mainly include upgrading and construction of some regional lines, for example in the Copenhagen region.
Denmark
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 5,4 43 125 1970 2.352 84 4 1970 317 358 1.526 10.995 1970 24.014 1970 33 114 3.898 55 8 8 1.701 46 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 1.999 99 5 1975 301 371 1.614 9.990 1975 21.543 1975 36 106 3.750 76 8 8 1.967 69 1980 2.015 135 7 1980 300 1.613 6.883 1980 22.110 1980 39 130 3.803 158 9 6 1.619 102 1985 2.471 153 6 1985 419 393 1.651 5.870 1985 21.635 1985 41 144 4.546 260 9 7 1.749 137 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 2.344 230 10 1990 341 424 1.594 4.632 1990 20.353 1990 45 146 4.855 305 7 8 1.730 142 1995 2.349 434 18 1995 333 350 1.701 4.244 1995 15.745 1995 58 157 4.888 359 7 10 1.985 141 1999 2.760 617 22 1999 243 394 1.555 3.119 1999 11.489 1999 62 161 5.310 6 8 1.974 Banestyrelsen DSB, DSB s-tog, Arriva, Metro Railion DK 2000 2.756 612 22 2000 239 399 1.572 2.488 2000 11.327 2000 62 166 5.537 6 8 2.057 2001 2.768 624 23 2001 215 414 1.603 2.115 2001 10.744 2001 64 167 5.721 5 8 1.987 2002 2.768 624 23 2002 187 485 1.742 1.746 2002 10.270 2002 65 165 5.754 5 8 1.941 2003 2.779 635 23 2003 182 534 1.946 1.378 2003 10.084 2003 69 186 5.893 5 8 2.013 2004 2.785 641 23 2004 184 568 2.040 573 2004 2004 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
175 165 155 145 135 125 115 3.250 105 95 85 75 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2.750 2.250 1.750 5.750 5.250 4.750 4.250 3.750 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
2.250 2.150 2.050 1.950 1.850 1.750 1.650 1.550 1.450 1.350 1.250 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
Sources: Danish National Rail Authority, UIC database
24

Contractors/Engineering Firms Niras (www.niras.dk) Carl Bro (www.carlbro.dk) COWI (www.cowi.dk) TetraPlan (www.tetraplan.dk) Atkins (www.atkins.dk) Rambll (www.ramboll.dk) EU Liaison office The EU liaison office is not used for promoting or co-ordinating the Danish participation in the EUR&D framework programmes regarding railway transportation. www.europakommissionen.dk/repraesentatio nen
Research Institutes Technical University of Denmark: Centre for Traffic and Transport (CTT) Centre for Transport Research on environmental and health Impacts and Policy (TRIP) Danish Transport Research Institute (DTF) Aalborg University: Department of Development and Planning Traffic Research Group www.ctt.dtu.dk www.akf.dk/trip www.dtf.dk http://www.plan.aau.dk/indexuk.php Infrastructure Manager Banedanmark resundsbro Konsortiet restadsselskabet Local railway companies www.bane.dk osb.oeresundsbron.dk/ www.orestad.dk www.trm.dk/sw586.asp
Ministries Trafikministeriet (Ministry of Transport) Miljministeriet (Ministry of the Environment) www.trm.dk www.mim.dk
363
560
Railway Authorities Trafikstyrelsen for jernbane og frger (National Rail Authority) Havarikommissionen for Civil Luftfart og Jernbane (Aircraft and Railway Accident Investigation Board) www.trafikstyrelsen.dk www.havarikommissionen.dk
79
Rail operators DSB and DSB S-tog A/S Arriva The Copenhagen Metro Nord-Ostsee-Bahn 7 regional railway companies Railion (freight) www.dsb.dk www.arriva.dk www.nord-ostsee-bahn.de www.sj.se www.trm.dk/sw586.asp www.railion.dk
534
17
Provinces/Regions There are 14 administrative Danish Regions (amt). The regions are responsible for the public transport on a regional basis. Most regions administrate only bus operators, but some regions are partial owner of regional rail operators. The Greater Copenhagen Authority (HUR) is a politically governed regional organisation covering the Greater Copenhagen Regions across administrative regional (amt) borders. www.arf.dk/English/
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Greater Copenhagen Authority: www.hur.dk
25

Key vision The Ministry of Transport (TRM) together with the Danish Transport Research Institute (DTF) determines most of the strategic R&D in the railway sector in Denmark. In contrast to e.g. the sector authority for railways in Sweden (Baneverket) the Danish National Railway Authority (Trafikstyrelsen) does not have a research strategy or research budget. Most of R&D is done ad-hoc. The same is true for the Danish infrastructure manager (Banedanmark). The Danish Transport Research Institute (DTF) is the central research institution with regards to transport in Denmark. They are currently mostly involved in security related research in the railway sector. Amongst others in the SAMRAIL programme and the SAMNET network. Other research themes No information Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources No information
26
9. Fact Sheet Estonia

The broad gauge Estonian Railway network plays a strategic role in freight transport from the Estonian harbours to Russia (and Latvia) and vice versa. This strategic role makes the railway one of the most important industries in the country of only 1,4 million inhabitants. After major restructuring and privatisation, the national Estonian railway was split into three different companies: AS Eesti Raudtee (Estonian Railways) providing infrastructure maintenance and freight trasport AS Edelaraudtee (completely privatised since 2001) providing infrastructure maintenance, passenger transport and local freight carriage with diesel trains AS Elektriraudtee (100% state owned) providing infrastructure maintenance and passenger transport on electrified lines. There are 14 other freight operators and one other passenger operator active on the network.
Estonia
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 1,4 45 30 1970 1.200 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 1.000 1980 993 118 12 1980 1985 1.009 132 13 1985 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 1.026 132 13 1990 1995 1.021 132 13 1995 144 80 512 6.645 1995 8.250 1995 5 9 421 7 3 24 3.846 30 1999 968 132 14 1999 119 77 242 4.567 1999 6.108 1999 4 7 238 6 5 59 7.277 83 EVR, Edelaraudtee, Elektriraudtee Edelaraudtee, Elektriraudtee EVR, Edelaraudtee 2000 968 132 14 2000 117 77 241 4.154 2000 5.674 2000 4 7 261 2001 967 131 14 2001 119 75 308 3.563 2001 5.116 2001 3 5 183 2002 967 131 14 2002 173 63 203 3.448 2002 4.455 2002 2 5 177 2003 959 131 14 2003 178 63 251 3.648 2003 3.869 2003 3 5 182 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
1970
1975
581 3.983 1970 1970 1975 1975 1980 1980 2 37 1.553
606 4.908 1985 1985 2 35 1.648
648 6.140 1990 9.257 1990 2 27 1.507
1.231
1.390
5.719
5.769
6.515
6.446
30 6.977
64 8.186
65 8.526
71 9.736
72 9.685
29
1.750 70 1.550 9.500
24
1.350 1.150 950
60
8.500
19
Passengers Carried Passenger-km
7.500 50 6.500 40 5.500
Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
14
750 550
9 350 4 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 150
30
4.500
20 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
3.500
27
Source: Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Archimedes foundation, UIC database

Contractors/Engineering Firms 43 different companies licensed for railway construction works and 15 companies licensed for rolling stock repair and maintenance by the Railway Inspectorate Research Institutes Enterprise Estonia is one of the largest institutions within the national support system for entrepreneurship in Estonia. The Estonian Science Foundation (EstSF) is an expert research-funding organisation. TUT is the only university in engineering and technology in Estonia. The Tallinn College of Engineering is an applied higher educational institution.
EU Liaison office The archimedes Foundation promotes and coordinates Estonian participation in EU R&D Framework Programmes, hosts the national contact point (NCP) and is responsible for information dissemination, technology transfer and partnership mediation. www.archimedes.ee
www.eas.ee www.etf.ee www.ttu.ee www.tktk.ee

Infrastructure Managers Eesti Raudtee Edelaraudtee Elektriraudtee www.evr.ee www.edel.ee www.elektriraudtee.ee Rail operators Eesti Raudtee Edelaraudtee Elektriraudtee EVR Ekspress www.evr.ee www.edel.ee www.elektriraudtee.ee www.evrekspress.ee
Ministries Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications Ministry of Finance Ministry of Environment www.mkm.ee www.fin.ee www.envir.ee
Railway Authorities Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications - Road and Railways Department: Regulatory body (except capacity allocation) In 2004, the Estonian Railway Administration was restructured into the Estonian Railway Inspectorate. Its mission is to ensure professional, environ-mentally friendly and efficient development of railway infrastructure and transportation. www.mkm.ee www.rinsp.ee
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Tallinn Tram and Trolley Bus Company AS Elektriraudtee www.tttk.ee www.elektriraudtee.ee
Provinces/Regions Estonia is administratively divided into 15 counties, 202 rural municipalities and 39 towns www.ee/www/regions
28

Key vision The new transport development plan for the years 2004-2013 identifies the following goals and priorities for the railway sector: Further development of and enhanced investments into the national railways infrastructure towards safety, economic efficiency, environmental friendliness Achievement of spatial balance in regional development with improved connection between peripheral areas and administrative centres Minimisation of environmental effect (noise, traffic safety, oil leakages) of the rail transport Enhanced safety of infrastructure (secure level crossings, safety equipment, limited access to the territories of railway stations) and services Fair competition and equal opportunities to all service providers Growth of export of transport services, further development of passenger and freight transit Reversion of decline of the share of public transport in passenger mobility and attraction of new passengers with expanding the electrified and double track railways and increasing the train speed Linking of the Estonian rail transport system with the EU system Other research themes There are no special national research themes for the railways sector. Relation with the SRRA No relations with the SRRA, nevertheless the relevant EU policies are clearly taken into account in national strategic planning. Annual resources Estonia has adopted the strategy for Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I), according to which by the year 2006, total expenditure on RD&I will be 1,5% of GDP (about 140 M), which will enable to move towards the average EU level (1,9% of GDP in 2000). There is no fixed share of budget for transport related research. Additional Information Railways Act: www.legaltext.ee/et/andmebaas/ava.asp?m=022 Use of EU Structural Funds in Estonia: www.struktuurifondid.ee
29
10 Fact Sheet Finland

Finlands rail network serves international passenger and freight traffic with routes to major ports and border crossings. It has a 1524 mm gauge. Since 1995, Finnish Rail Administration (RHK) has acted as a rail manager, responsible for maintaining and developing the rail network. In 2006, a new railway safety authority, Finnish Rail Agency, started its operation. At present, there is only one rail operator in Finland, VR Limited. However, the national rail freight market will be opened to new operators in 2007. The direct line between Kerava and Lahti will be opened for the traffic in 2006. It will allow the development of passenger and freight services to eastern Finland and Russia. Recently, other important projects have included electrification, increasing of lines speed and the expansion of automatic train protection.
30
Finland
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 5,2 338 15 1970 5.804 Mio. x1000 km Inhabit./km 1975 5.918 1980 6.075 1985 5.900 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 5.867 1995 5.880 1999 5.836 RHK VR VR 2000 5.854 507 9 2.372 41 2001 5.850 507 9 2.400 41 2002 km km % km % 2002
66 1 1970 591 286 1.032 22.835 1970 27.690 1970 23 23 2.156 15 20 24 6.270 58
395 7 1975 479 276 1.066 22.439 1975 29.002 1975 27 36 3.135 35 18 22 6.436 106
922 15 1980 476 276 1.100 21.472 1980 28.726 1980 26 39 3.216 68 19 29 8.334 203
1.447 25 1985 494 213 1.057 18.488 1985 26.474 1985 24 40 3.224 129 19 31 8.066 334
1.663 28 1990 567 102 957 15.200 1990 20.207 1990 24 46 3.331 219 17 35 8.357 354
2.054 35 1995 661 100 977 14.000 1995 15.316 1995 25 44 3.184 117 26 40 9.559 144
2.234 38 1999 641 102 981 12.020 1999 13.558 1999 27 53 3.415 230 17 40 9.753 324
2000 2001 623 612 112 112 1.012 1.011 12.292 11.933 2000 2001 12.832 12.335 2000 55 3.405 2001 55 3.282
2002 2002 58 3.305 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. EUR Mio. 42 Mio. 9.664 Mio. Mio. EUR
41 10.107
42 9.857
80
4.000
55
11.000
70
3.500
50
10.000
45 60 3.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 40 2.000 30 30 1.500 40
9.000
8.000
50
2.500
35
7.000
6.000
25
5.000
20 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
1.000
20 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
4.000
Sources: UIC database, VR Group annual report 2002
31

The institutional framework is given below in a schematic way. The governmental organisations are on the right and the research/operating organisations are on the left. It is designed in such a way that money flows between the different organisations (if information is available) can be indicated with arrows and figures.
Contractors/Engineering Firms No information EU Liaison office No information
Research Institutes National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) is country's principal public promoter of research and development. Tekes' annual budget of 380 million euros is channelled to about 2,000 projects. Tekes' clients include annually roughly 2,000 companies and nearly all Finnish universities and research institutes, as well as partners in growing foreign networks. VTT is an impartial expert organisation that carries out technical and technoeconomic research and development work. There are also about five consulting firms each having over 20 researchers. www.tekes.fi www.vtt.fi
Ministries Finnish Rail Administration works under the Ministry of Transport and Communication. It implements transport and communications policy as well as prepares acts, decrees and decisions that are made in Parliament, at Presidential sessions of the Council of State (Government) and in the Council of State itself. The Ministry also issues ministerial decrees and renders its own decisions. The Ministry of the Environment and regional environmental centres take care of good living environment, development of community structure and land use, among others. www.mintc.fi www.vyh.fi/eng/landuse
Infrastructure Manager Finnish Rail Administration www.rhk.fi
Railway Authorities No information

Finnish Railway Agency
Rail operators VR www.vr.fi
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Provinces/Regions In Helsinki Metropolitan Area , the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council advances cooperation in the development of the metropolitan area and in general land use planning. www.ytv.fi
Urban transport operators No information
Finnish Rail Administration: https://www.rhk.fi Ministry of Transport and Communication in Finland: 253Hhttp://www.mintc.fi Finnish Rail Agency: http://www.rautatievirasto.fi
32

Key vision The long-term strategic plan for the Finnish rail network is presented in the Railway Transport 2030 plan, which will be published in 2006. Its key measures include: Keep up necessary level of maintenance and renewal Additional rail capacity Shortening travel times Raising axle loads and speed in freight traffic Eliminating level crossings Constructing new urban lines Station arrangements and travel centres Installing ATP, safety equipment and renewing the radio network. Railway research Finnish Rail Administrations (RHKs) research and development work (R&D) ensures Finlands competitiveness on international markets, guarantees the market share of public transport, promotes railway traffic, improves the efficiency of rail infrastructure management, decreases life cycle costs, calls for innovativeness and broadens know-how in the field. The issues of the railway research deal with the competitiveness and safety of railway traffic, management of the environmental impacts of railway industry, sufficient financing and the efficiency of the activities as well as the know-how in the railway sector. Relation with the SRRA The EU policies are one of the major starting points which are taken into account in the national strategic plans. Annual resources During the next years, about 7-9 million/year will be used for transport and communications research in the preview of the Ministry. This also includes communication research. For railrelated research, some 7 million is the short-term target of Finnish Rail Administration. In addition, the operator VR-Group conducts its own rail-related research, but the budget allocation is not known.
33
11 Fact Sheet France

France has been the first country in Europe to operate dedicated high-speed lines; currently the French high speed network comprises more than 1500 km. The infrastructure is owned and managed by Rseau Ferr de France, a national public industrial and commercial company created in 1997. All French railway services are operated by SNCF. The biggest project under construction at the moment is the LGV Est-Europen, from Paris to the German border. This line is scheduled for opening in 2007. Examples of other future projects are the connection Lyon-Torino, including a new base tunnel and a High Speed Passenger/Freight link to Spain along the Mediterranean coast.
France
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 58,9 547 108 1970 37.582 Mio. x1000 km Inhabit./km 1975 36.175 1980 34.362 1985 34.676 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 34.070 1995 31.939 1999 31.589 RFF SNCF SNCF 2000 32.515 15.863 49 14.104 43 2000 4.983 2.175 15.694 46.359 2000
175.305
9.351 25 1970 4.553 1.708 15.663

291.450
9.352 26 1975 4.558 1.631 15.511

278.800
10.074 29 1980 4.648 1.556 16.032

239.800
11.488 33 1985 5.711 1.613 15.679

192.100
12.609 37 1990 5.542 1.737 15.748

148.100
13.799 43 1995 5.114 1.895 15.799

116.100
14.188 45 1999 4.960 2.073 15.762

96.300
2001 29.445 16.090 55 14.418 49 2001 4.987 2.237 15.650 45.512 2001
177.685
2002 km km % km % 2002
1970
302.989
1975
281.679
1980
254.400
1985
242.091
1990
202.081
1995
181.114
1999
174.447
2002 2002 900 73.522 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. EUR Mio. 128 Mio. 50.036 Mio. Mio. EUR
1970 241 606 40.979 614 225 250 67.586 971
1975 268 647 50.696 1.180 209 217 63.473 1.413
1980 290 676 54.261 2.158 215 219 68.815 2.347
1985 301 767 61.828 3.793 180 160 55.121 2.990
1990 318 834 63.761 4.535 164 141 50.667 2.719
1995 308 731 55.319 3.648 143 123 48.137 2.308
1999 363 850 66.298 4.761 155 137 53.438 2.391
2000 850 69.571
2001 874 71.504
142 55.448
126 50.396
1.500 1.400 1.300 1.200 1.100 1.000 900 800 700 600 500 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
75.000 70.000 65.000 60.000 55.000 50.000 45.000 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000
400
80.000
350
70.000
300 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 200
60.000 Tonnes Carried
250
50.000 Tonne-km 40.000
150
30.000
100 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
20.000
Source: UIC database
Infrastructure
34
Length of the network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Performance Train-km Passengers Train-km Freight
29203 km 16104 km 55 % 14778 km 51 %
400 Mio. 120 Mio.
35

Research Institutes The Rseau scientifique et technique (RST) of the ministry is a network of around twenty organisations performing research concerning special planning, infrastructure and transport. In the railway field, 4 organisations of the RST are: ENPC, cole nationale des ponts et chausses INRETS, Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur scurit LCPC, Laboratoire central des ponts et chausses CERTU Centre dtudes sur les Rseaux, les Transports, lUrbanisme et les constructions publiques www.enpc.fr www.inrets.fr www.lcpc.fr www.certu.fr
Ministry Ministre de lEquipement, des Transports, du Logement, du Tourisme et de la Mer www.equipement.gouv.fr
Infrastructure Manager RFF www.rff.fr
Operator SNCF conducts an active research and innovation policy, which has two starting points: To observe the technological developments that can help the company improve the quality of its production and to create new products and services. To analyse the evolutions in the market, the competition and the environment. www.sncf.fr
Railway Authorities The direction des Transports terrestres (DTT) is responsible for all surface transport, troughout the country, the directions rgionales de l'quipement (DRE) and the directions dpartementales de l'quipement (DDE) implement the transport policies and intervene in the case of incidents.
Provinces/Regions No information
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Cities with new or upgraded Metro/Tramway systems since 1985: Lille, Rouen, Caen, Rennes, Paris, Nancy, Strasbourg, Orleans, Nantes, Lyon, Saint-Etienne, Grenoble, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Montpellier and Marseille. Tramways planned or under construction in: Valenciennes, Mulhouse, Le Mans, Brest, Clermont-Ferrand, Toulon and Nice
36

Predit (www.predit.prd.fr) The major French research programme in transportation is called PREDIT 3. it is an interministerial programme funded by 4 ministries (transportation, research, Industry and Environment) and 3 national agencies ( ADEME, Oso-ANVAR and ANR). The previous two editions of PREDIT (1990-1994: 396 million, 1996-2000: 300 million) were unanimously considered as successful by both the French authorities and the whole sector, including academics. Three main objectives of PREDIT3 are a sustainable mobility for goods and people, increasing safety of transportation systems and reducing environmental impacts & contribute to the fight against greenhouse effects. The programme has 11 themes, of which 6 cover rail: Freight policy, Multimodal information, Noise reduction & electric efficiency, Logistics, Rail command and control systems & slot allocation and Optimized use of existing infrastructure. Major topics covered and with some relation to rail are: Technologies for freight transportation: productivity of rail, imagineering innovative technologies and systems of transportation, basic technologies (motor, brakes), rolling stock, and information technology between vehicles, infrastructures and systems Mobility services: short distance transportation, services for intermodality, information technologies & services for urban and interurban transportation (reservation) Energy and environment, clean and energy efficient vehicles Logistics and freight transportation demand: relations between the economy and the organization of logistic systems, public policies (fiscal impacts), urban logistics Safety: control-command systems, regulation systems, route optimization systems Mobility and sustainable development (deciding factors of mobility, economics of transportation, automobile subordination) SNCF research The research themes of SNCF have been organised in framework programmes: Freight (productivity, efficiency of operation and production systems, information, urban logistics) Noise (bridges, rolling noise, comfort, brake screech) Comfort (climatic and acoustic conditions on the stations, track quality, train concept, toilets) Optimisation the use of the network (optimisation of capacity and margins, robustness of operation) Operational monitoring of the production (tools for monitoring for different networks) Advanced maintenance technologies (detections of track faults, track circuits, fatigue) Track/Platform (fatigue, dynamics and mechanics of infrastructure and structures) Information technologies (voice reconnaissance, education of staff, e-ticketing, internet by satellite) Human factors (safety, traffic control, physical and psychological conditions, education, culture) RFF research "RFF dedicates every year to research a several million euro budget. In 2007, it will concentrate its means on subjects as a priority concerning to the reduction of infrastructure costs and to the improvement of performances of this one, to security and to interoperability." Concerning the other figures on "Characterisation of Railway Sector " (part 5.1) and the rest of part 5.3 on "Research Stratgies and Ressources", I propose you to contact directly SNCF, DTFC (former DTT) and PREDIT.
37
Other research themes In addition (see Germany), the French-German programme DEUFRAKO has been working since 1978. In the framework of this sub-programme, progress was made in various fields such as pre-ERTMS, noise, electronic braking systems for long trains and crosswinds. Relation with the SRRA Technology transfers to SMEs are encouraged, as well as interdisciplinary projects. Like the Austrian Programme ISB, the French are anxious that PREDIT 3 enables the French institutions and firms to apply to the 6th EU Framework Programme. Annual resources 30 to 40 million is expected to be spent for rail research in the framework of PREDIT 3. Within SNCF, the annual budget for the research department is 25 million and 150 people are working in research.
38
12 Fact Sheet Germany

Germanys railway system is one of the most frequented networks in Europe and characterised by highly heterogeneous traffic. Long and short distance passenger trains as well as freight trains share the same tracks. The country in Central Europe is part of several international rail corridors and a hub in European rail traffic. The rail network is operated exclusively by DB Infrastruktur AG and mostly operated by DB Fernverkehr AG, DB Regio AG and Railion Deutschland AG. Nevertheless a huge amount of the train-kilometres in Germany are operated by railway operators outside the DB AG company. After Germanys reunification in 1990 the run-down East German network has been extensively upgraded. For the coming years the necessary modernisation of the West German network is managed by the infrastructure management and financed by the German railway authority. Being aware of the important role in Central Europe Germany has been linking the national network to its European neighbours. This includes the upgrade of the Oberhausen-Emmerich line to the Betuuwe line in the Netherlands, the Cologne-Aachen line to Brussels and Paris, the Mannheim-Strasburg line to Paris and the Karlsruhe-Freiburg line to Switzerland. With new highspeed lines (e.g. Cologne Frankfurt (2002), Munich Nuremberg (2006) or Stuttgart Ulm (2012)) exclusively for passenger trains Germany makes a huge step to demix freight and fast passenger traffic and to cut travel times.
General Information Population (2005) Surface 82,3 357 Mio. x 1000 km Railway Companies (2004 figures) Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings DB Infrsstruktur AG >300 undertakings in total among them DB Personenverkehrs AG, Metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft mbH >300 undertakings in tatalamong them Railion Deutschland AG, TX Logistik AG, HGK AG
Population density
231
Inhabit./km
Freight Railway undertakings
Germ General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure1 1970 357 82,3 231 1975 Mio. x1000km
2 2
Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers
Passangers Railway Undert
Inhabit./km 1980
Freight Railway Undertakin 1990 1995 1999
1985
39
Lenght of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives
2
44 212
43 122
42 745
41 688
40 980
41 718
37 525
9943 22 1970 6429 1642 21718 460 193 1970 645 268 1970 538 1606 62 362 326 601 109963
11457 27 1975 6100 2183 32246 471 595 1975 639 451 639451 1975 562 1642 66 177 303 567 103114
12846 30 1980 5797 2391 29 486 453 892 1980 566 927 1980 561 1714 63 637 326 622 118 988
13913 33 1985 5573 2204
15718 38 1990 5980 2126
18164 44 1995 9171 2613
18934 50 1999 7601 2397 20 442 192 833 1999 194 877 1999 727 1680 72 846 205 289,7 75 785
Multiple Units2 Total number of couches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passengers-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried
3
26 928 24 139 19 083 464 414 245 732 187 947 1985 530 239 1985 533 1671 65 157 328 623 120 493 1990 482 269 1990 562 1514 61 024 293 499 101 166 1995 294 911 1995 640 1334 60 514 216 302 69 490
Tonne-km3 Freight Traffic Revenue
40

Contractors/Engineering Firms DB Netz Instandsetzung DB Bahnbau GmbH 331Hwww.bahnbau.de 332Hwww.db.de Research Institutes
EU Liaison office Koordinierungstelle EG der Wissenschaftsorganisationen 335Hwww.kowi.de E-Bro des BMBF fr das Forschungsrahmenprogramm 336Hwww.eubuero.de
Forschungs- und Anwendungsverband Verkehrssystemtechnik Berlin

333Hwww.fav.de Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt 334Hwww.dlr.de
Ministries
Deutscher Bundestag German Fedral Parliament 337Hwww.bundestag.de Bundesministerium fr Vekehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs.
Infrastructure Managers DB Infrastruktur AG DB Netz AG, DB DB Energie GmbH 341Hwww.db.de Station&Service AG,
338Hwww.bmvbs.de/en
Railway Authorities Eisenbahn-Bundesamt Zentrale Bonn
Rail operators DB Fernverkehr AG, DB Regio AG 342Hwww.bahn.de Railion Deutschland AG 343Hwww.railion.de 267 rail operators are operating on the German rail network
339Hwww.eba.bund.de Auenstellen/ Branches Berlin, Dresden, Erfurt, Essen 340HFrankfurt (Main), Saarbrcken, Halle, Hamburg, Schwerin, Hannover, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Kln, Mnchen, Nrnberg,
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue

The Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen (VDV) represents German comapnies in the field of public local transport and freight traffic (mainly rail freight traffic) 344Hwww.vdv.de
Provinces/Regions 345HBaden-Wrttemberg, 346HFree State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), 347HBerlin, 348HBrandenburg, 349HFree Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), 350HFree and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg), 351HHesse (Hessen), 352HMecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), 353HLower Saxony (Niedersachsen), 354HNorth Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), 355HRhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), 356HSaarland, 357HFree State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen), 358HSaxony-Anhalt (Sachsen Anhalt) 359HSchleswig Holstein 360HFree State of
41

Key vision In general, the research programme Mobility and Transport of the German Government, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research sets several goals in the area of transport: (1) sustainability, (2) increased performance, efficiency, safety and customer orientation and (3) enhanced international competitiveness of the transport sector. Therefore, the authorities are calling for more rail transport - especially in the area of freight. Another interesting feature of the programme Mobility and Transport is that the Federal Ministry of Education and Research requires more than just technology driven projects. Transportation decision making of passengers or loaders is seen as a sophisticated process composed of technical, economic and social considerations. Mobility and Transport encompasses seven concrete research fields for all transport modes: Intelligent transport networks Increased transportation of goods by train and waterborne traffic Faster, more comfortable and environmentally friendly train and bus services Health, environment and resources as aspects of a sustainable transport system Safety and security Towards a better understanding of mobility Cross-sectional issues such as international research co-operations Other research themes The Research Initiative Rail 2010 is a major activity specifically designed to implement Mobility and Transport in the railway sector. This activity includes the following issues: Railway strategies Organisational models for railway operators Command and Control Technology Infrastructure Rolling stock technology and platform concepts Innovations to increase service orientation Innovations in the area of education and training Of interest is the fact that both German and French authorities agreed over a joint rail research programme (Deufrako). A call for proposals on freight corridors was launched end of 2002 (green Freight Transport Corridors). Relation with the SRRA The aims of the mobility and transport research programme mentioned above, appear more or less and under other headings also in the SRRA 2020 in section 4 Europe 2020 The Business Environment. The research clusters of SRRA are to a certain extent covered by the German rail research activities, especially in safety, interoperability (demonstration freight corridors) and environment (especially noise which is included in a small multimodal subprogramme called leiser Verkehr (quieter traffic).
42
13 Fact Sheet Greece

The Greek railway network is managed and operated by OSE - Hellenic Railways Organisation (Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados). The transformation of OSE into a parent company of a Group of Companies belongs to the framework of the wider organisational restructuring and planning, where its subsidiaries have already taken over main activity fields, such as the suburban railway, management of the real property of OSE, infrastructure projects management etc. The subsidiaries of OSE or the companies in which OSE participates as a shareholder are the following: 1. PROASTIAKOS (suburban traffic), 2. ERGOSE (construction of new tracks) 3. GAIAOSE (real estate) 4. ETIDI (alternative telecommunication services) 5. http://www.ose.gr/%282111232426280398%29/ - THRIASSIOenhttp://www.ose.gr/%282111232426280398%29/ - THRIASSIO-enTHRIASSIO (marshalling yard and freight center in Athens)
Greece
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 10,0 132 76 1970 2.602 0 0 1970 404 110 574 12.629 1970 12.629 1970 15 13 1.951 1 4 3 688 1 Mio. x1000 km_ Inhabit./km_ 1975 2.532 0 0 1975 359 105 637 12.594 1975 12.594 1975 14 12 2.213 3 4 4 931 3 1980 2.461 0 0 1980 194 119 660 12.140 1980 12.140 1980 12 10 1.464 4 3 4 814 6 1985 2.461 0 0 1985 214 117 687 15.048 1985 15.048 1985 14 11 1.732 9 3 4 733 11 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 2.484 0 0 1990 232 168 810 13.324 1990 13.324 1990 12 1.977 19 4 609 22 1995 2.474 0 0 1995 234 196 869 12.510 1995 12.510 1995 16 11 1.568 32 1 1 292 14 1999 2.299 0 0 1999 140 76 475 10.523 1999 10.523 1999 15 12 1.583 42 1 2 326 20 CH CH CH 2000 2.385 82 3 2000 159 2001 2.377 82 3 2001 158 132 509 2001 9.601 2001 14 14 1.747 46 1 3 379 22 2002 2.383 82 3 2002 150 128 660 3.539 2002 9.108 2002 15 14 1.836 48 1 2 327 17 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
2000 10.101 2000 14 12 1.583 40 1 2 326 23
15 14,5 14 13,5 13 12,5 12 11,5 11 10,5 10 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
2.250 2.150 2.050
5 950 5 850 4 750 650 550 450 350 250 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
1.950 1.850 1.750 1.650 1.550 1.450 1.350 1.250 Performance Passengers Carried Passenger-km 4 3 3
43
2 2 1
Source: Democrutis University of Thrace, UIC database

EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Greece to the EU
Research Institutes Major scientific and technological expertise in rail is the Laboratory of Transportation Engineering at Democritus Thrace University, Greece Infrastructure Manager Hellenic Railways Organisation - OSE www.ose.gr Rail operators Hellenic Railways Organisation - OSE www.ose.gr Freight Customers Urban transport operators Athens: www.proastiakos.gr www.ametro.gr Passenger Revenue
Ministries Ministry of Economy Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of development, general secretariat for research and technology www.ypeth.gr www.yme.gr www.gsrt.gr
44

Research Themes Passenger operator: Policy and legislation New organisation in compatibility to EU Directives Reduction of travel times and impact on demand Quality of service and commercial policy Reduction of costs and new managements schemes Interoperability Freight Operator: Logistics Combined Transport Reduction of Costs Connection with Ports and Industrial Areas Networks: The Western Axis (along the western coast of the country) is under discussion. Relation with the SRRA No relation with the SRRA has been reported Annual resources No information available
45
14. Fact Sheet Hungary

Hungary has a central and strategical location in Europe. There are several Pan-European corridors running through the country and there are important transhipment facilities developed at the normal/broad gauge interface at Zhony in north-east Hungary, to and from the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Far East. The main part of the Hungarian rail network is managed and operated by MV. MV operates as an integrated railway company: the activities of railway infrastructure and transport service are carried out within a single legal entity, five profit-centres were established within this entity: infrastructure management and services, passenger transport, freight transport, traction and maintenance and property management. The future infrastructure investments will focus mainly on the pan-European corridors running through Hungary, they include modernisation of infrastructure, upgrading works and installation of ETCS level 1.
Hungary
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 10,1 Mio. 93 x1000 km2 109 Inhabit./km2 1970 8.488 837 10 1970 1975 7.610 1.196 16 1975 1980 7.613 1.510 20 1980 1985 7.616 1.917 25 1985 1990 7.408 2.154 29 1990 1995 7.606 2.221 29 1995 1.290 281 3.771 39.573 1995 69.869 1995 73 154 8.276 0,15 18 46 8.132 0,18 1999 7.768 2.530 33 1999 1.100 332 3.513 27.726 1999 56.037 1999 70 155 9.418 0,36 16 43 7.444 0,25 MV, GySEV MV, GySEV MV, GySEV, Floyd, MMV, MV Hajd 2000 7.785 2.628 34 2000 1.050 331 3.428 23.685 2000 55.046 2000 67 154 9.595 0,39 16 44 7.779 0,28 2001 7.729 2.628 34 2001 1.038 334 3.389 22.211 2001 54.278 2001 71 160 9.906 0,42 16 44 7.427 0,29 2002 7.729 2.628 34 2002 994 336 3.319 20.943 2002 53.119 2002 70 162 10.412 0,50 16 44 7.387 0,29 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
1970 150.267 1970 60 387 14.907 0,02 38 116 19.524 0,04
1975 146.150 1975 60 342 14.557 0,02 44 131 23.245 0,05
1980 136.247 1980 61 282 13.550 42 130 24.041
1985 133.083 1985 67 232 11.093 0,02 38 116 21.929 0,10
1990 127.154 1990 68 208 11.298 0,04 32 87 16.593 0,15
400 14.500 350 13.500 110 300 12.500 11.500 10.500 200 9.500 150 50 8.500 7.500 1970 1995 30 1970 1995 10.000 8.000 6.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 70 12.000 90 20.000 18.000 16.000 14.000 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km 130 24.000 22.000
250
100
Source: MV, UIC database
46

Research Institutes Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute for Railway Engineering and Transport Economy, Public Transport www.bme.hu Szchenyi Istvn University, Institute for Railway Engineering and Transport www.sze.hu
EU Liaison office EU Integrcis Hivatal (EU Integration Institute)
Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute for Transport Economy

www.bkae.hu Institute for Development and Experiments, MV www.mavintezet.hu/fki/fki.html MV Designing Institute www.mavti.hu MV Central Rail and Track Inspection Ltd.
Ministries GKM Ministry of Economic and Transport 90Hwww.gkm.gov.hu BM Hungarian Ministry of the Interior (safety) www.bm.hu OM Ministry of Education (technical development) www.om.hu KvVM Ministry of Environment and Water, 91Hwww.kvvm.hu
Infrastructure Manager MV Hungarian State Railway GYSEV Gyr-Sopron-Ebenfurth Railway Corp. www.mav.hu www.gysev.hu
Rail operators MV, GySEV, Floyd Ltd., MMV Co., MV Hajd Ltd www.mav.hu www.gysev.hu
Railway Authorities KKF General Inspectorate of Transport www.kff.hu VPE Ltd. Rail Capacity Allocating Office www.vpe.hu
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Provinces/Regions Hungary is divided into 19 counties and the capital. Two or three counties have formed a region (there are 7 region). More information: www.magyarorszag.hu
Urban transport operators Budapest: www.bkv.hu Debrecen: www.dkv.hu Miskolc: www.mvkrt.hu Szeged: www.szkt.hu Pcs: PT Co. 89Hwww.pkrt.hu (City Public Transport Co of Pcs) Voln companies: www volan hu
47

Key vision Profit and cost centres will be set up, reducing costs by 20% and taking 11 000 employees off the MV payroll by outsourcing, retraining and early retirement. For the freight transport, the focus will be on a number of organisational aspects, such as the introduction of key account management, competitive access fees for the infrastructure, strategic partnerships. On the product side, a customer-service system for handling key partners should be introduced, as well as the provision of complex logistics services and extension of the international project trains. Concerning the passenger transport, ther is a major focus on inter-city services and improvements to the Budapest suburban services - at the moment 80% of passenger travel is short-distance or suburban trips. A fleet of 30 EMUs will be acquired, with 30 more to follow after 2007. Branch lines are to be managed as 'regional profit centres', there are proposals to transfer operations in some cases to other operators. Other research themes Railway vehicle examinations, measurements, experiments Basic research for strategic plans of business sectors Development of permanent way Development of telecommunication, electrification and signalling (ETCS)

Development of the rolling stock/ traction units meeting the requirements energetic optimation, Development of the railways track system, and its elelments, -Development of track sections, analyse of the rehabilitation of the previously dissolved regional sections.
Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources MV initiated researches are sponsored by MV only, the average amount spent on research is 560 000 per year during the past 10 years. For the year 2004, the amount will increase to 800 000. Human resources for the research within MV consist of 41 researchers and 23 other staff members.
48
15 Fact Sheet Ireland

The Irish railway network consists of approximately 1,900 km lines, primarily radiating from Dublin to serve the countrys main population centres. The network is managed and operated by Iarnrd ireann. The most important infrastructure works in progress are the capacity upgrade of the Dublin commuter network and the extension of CTC signalling to the Tralee and Sligo lines.
Ireland
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 3,8 70 55 1970 2.189 0 0 1970 221 86 484 9.727 1970 22.264 1970 7 10 582 5 5 3 545 8 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 2.006 0 0 1975 221 39 422 7.769 1975 20.306 1975 7 14 899 12 4 3 568 11 1980 1.987 0 0 1980 192 0 348 4.417 1980 18.052 1980 8 17 1.032 29 5 4 637 16 1985 1.944 37 2 1985 156 80 321 1.950 1985 15.628 1985 9 20 1.023 47 4 3 601 23 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 1.944 37 2 1990 126 80 314 1.830 1990 11.799 1990 10 25 1.226 63 4 3 589 27 1995 1.954 37 2 1995 114 97 318 1.826 1995 11.121 1995 10 27 1.291 81 4 3 602 22 1999 1.919 48 3 1999 110 124 251 1.819 1999 5.234 1999 11 32 1.430 106 4 3 526 22 Iarnrd ireann Iarnrd ireann Iarnrd ireann 2000 1.919 51 3 2000 107 170 249 1.819 2000 5.358 2000 11 32 1.389 106 4 3 491 20 2001 1.919 51 3 2001 107 178 249 1.819 2001 5.892 2001 12 34 1.515 119 4 3 516 20 2002 1.919 52 3 2002 104 178 249 1.819 2002 5.976 2002 13 35 1.628 125 3 2 426 17 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
40
1.700
700
35
1.500
650
30 1.300 25 1.100 20 900 15 700 3 450 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 3 500 4 600 Tonnes Carried 4 550 Tonne-km
10
5 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
500
2 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
400
Source: Iarnrd
ireann, UIC database
49
15. 2Institutional framework

Contractors/Engineering Firms No information EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Ireland to the EU
Infrastructure Manager Iarnrd ireann www.irishrail.ie
Ministries Department of Transport www.transport.ie
Rail operators Iarnrd ireann Railway Authorities www.irishrail.ie Department of Transport Freight Customers Passenger Revenue www.transport.ie
Urban transport operators Dublin: www.irishrail.ie, www.dublinbus.ie, www.rpa.ie, www.luas.ie Other Cities: www.irishrail.ie, www.buseireann.ie
Provinces/Regions Not applicable
50

In recent years, the number of rail passengers has increased at an unprecedented rate. Although the railway has been able to cope, the quality of service that the customers have the right to expect has not been delivered. This was because the necessary financial means have not been available. Iarnrd ireann has now agreed with the Government the biggest ever rail investment programme in the history of the State, with the resources to implement this programme over the next 6 to 10 years. Track improvements, station renovations and reconstructions, new carriages on InterCity and suburban services will all result in a better service for passengers. Other investments in the programme include bridge renewals, level crossing upgrades, and signalling nationwide. Iarnrd ireann plans to significantly increase the level of service on the radial InterCity routes. The principal routes will have hourly services all day, with other lines having services every two hours. In Dublin, the upgrade works will result in a 33% increase in train size and a similar increase in frequency. Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources There is no dedicated rail research programme.
51
16 Fact Sheet Italy

The Italian railway network is relatively heavily used, with the passenger transport focusing on the connections between and around the big cities, whereas the alp transit traffic plays an important role in the freight transport. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana manages the Infrastructure and Trenitalia is the main Freight and Passenger operator, but there are around 15 other operators. There are also a number of secondary local networks or lines, managed and operated by private companies under concession by the state. Historically, the Italian railways have tended more towards tilting (pendolino) trains instead of real high speed services. However, the Italian government has now decided for the construction of a 1300 km T-shaped High Speed/Capacity system connecting the most important cities. This system was originally designed for passenger transport only, but will now also be used for freight speed trains. It will be compliant with all TSIs for High Speed including ERTMS level 2.
Italy
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 57,8 301 192 1970 16.073 7.871 49 1970 3.299 1.416 11.060
125.200
Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 16.077 7.941 49 1975 3.084 1.538 12.535
124.724
Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1980 16.138 8.743 54 1980 3.193 1.723 13.444
115.228
RFI Trenitalia Trenitalia 1999 16.108 10.688 66 1999 3.085 1.398 12.014 82.570 1999
114.193
1985 16.183 8.936 55 1985 3.260 1.750 18.036

109.436
1990 16.086 9.512 59 1990 3.172 1.646 14.025 105.684 1990

200.405
1995 16.005 10.205 64 1995 3.204 1.456 13.527 91.915 1995

129.839
2000 16.147 10.735 66 2000 3.175 1.522 11.937 76.892 2000

109.506
2001 16.035 10.864 68 2001 3.150 1.500 11.933 65.927 2001

103.994
2002 15.985 10.891 68 2002
km km %
49.661 2002 2002 492 45.956 2.153 83 23.127 711 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio.
1970
197.612
1975
223.705
1980
220.655
1985
216.128
1970 198 343 32.608 123 65 58 18.069 101
1975 21 370 36.332 206 54 44 15.173 129
1980 229 381 39.587 692 57 56 18.384 386
1985 234 364 37.401 1.845 57 49 16.853 674
1990 235 423 44.709 2.366 67 59 19.361 868
1995 256 453 43.859 3.095 69 83 24.352 823
1999 249 457 43.424 1.873 58 85 24.439 674
2000 474 47.133 1.983 90 25.534 729
2001 483 46.675 2.111 88 24.793 731
500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 300 1 6 11 16 21 26 31
50.000 48.000 46.000 44.000 42.000 40.000 38.000 36.000 34.000 32.000 30.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40
24.000 23.000 22.000 21.000 20.000 19.000 18.000 17.000 16.000 15.000 14.000 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
52
Source: Italian Ministry of Transport, UIC database

Manufacturing Industry Alstom: Rolling stock,electrification, sigalling and train control, data system passenger information. Ansaldobreda: Rolling stock. Balfour Beatty Rail SpA: Electrification Bombardier Transportation : Rolling stock, signalling and train control. Firema Trasporti: Rolling stock. IPA: Track Materials and equipment Matisa: Track Materials and equipment, track maintainance Mer Mec SpA: Electrification, track maintainance Pandrol Italia: Track Materials and equipment
Plasser Italinan Srl: Track Materials and equipment, track maintainance

www.transport.alstom.com, www.ansaldobreda.it, www.bbrail.com, www.transportation.bombardier.com, www.firema.it, www.pandrol.com Research Institutes No information
EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Italy to the EU Ministries Ministerio dellEconomia e delle Finanze
Infrastructure Manager Rete Ferroviaria Italiana www.rfi.it Rail operators Main passenger Railway Undertakings: TRENITALIA, Ferrovie Nord Milano Trasporti, Metronapoli, Ferrovie Emilia Romagna, La Ferroviaria Italiana, Ferrovia Adriatico Sangritana, Gruppo Torinese Trasporti, Sistemi Territoriali Main Freight Railway Undertakings: TRENITALIA, Ferrovie Nord Cargo, Rail traction company, Rail italy, Del Fungo Giera, Hupac, Serfer
Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti - Direzione Generale del Trasporto Ferroviario - assignments of coordination and vigilance on the national network concessionaire (RFI), of grant European licences to the Italian based companies, of vigilance on the projects and economic analysis, of management on the program contracts, of definition on standard and safety norms. Ministero dellUniversit e della Ricerca Scientifica
SBB Cargo Italia, Ferrovie Emilia Romagna, La Ferroviaria Italiana, Ferrovia Adriatico Sangritana, Stade Ferrate del Mediterraneo, Sitemi territoriali.
www.trenitalia.com, www.ferrovienord.it, www.fer-online.it, www.lfi.it, www.sangritana.it, www.railtraction.it, www.railitaly.it, www.delfungogiera.com Freight Customers Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Milano: www.atm-mi.it Roma: www.metroroma.it Napoli: www.metro.na.it Catania: www.circumetnea.it Genova: www.genovametro.com A significant number of metro and tramway systems are under construction in a number of other Italian cities.
Provinces/Regions There are about 40 local secondary railway networks where regional service are carried out. These railways are now under the direct administrative control of the Regional Governments, their safety control is still in charge of the Ministry.
53

Key vision The investments research & development focus on the improvement of the railway infrastructure and the increase of the railway network capacity. Other issues are the safety in tunnels and the environmental impact of the railway system (focused on noise reduction). The relationship between the Ministry and the IM, is regulated with the act called Contratto di Programma. This act contains all scheduled investments during the five years 2001-2005 for the infrastructure. Research projects included in this act are: Construction of a new technical center for research on the dynamic behaviour of rolling stock and infrastructure, braking systems and electrical trials. A new system to resolve the problem with subsidence of the riliefs A study on new information systems to monitor mountain slope instability. Experimental tests to check new anti-vibration materials to use under ballast. An experimental plant to study permanent way without ballast. Implementing an integrated traffic platform (PIC) combining different information systems Implemetation of Project System 2 (SAP PS/2): enabling integrated infrastructure investment management during the whole life cycle, including extraordinary repairs and line renewal. (investments for PIC and SAP/PS2 are about 117 Meuro)
Previous projects:
Implementation of the new SCMT train control system on 10.500 km of the network (conventional lines), this new system can be upgraded to ETCS for the interoperable lines. Implementation of GSM-R on 7.500 km of the national railway network. Implementation of the SCC rail circulation control system with integrated information system to manage the rail traffic, users information, diagnostics and maintenance of the railway lines. Specific issues: In the last three years, studies on the environmental impact (investments around 1.200 M). Other specific studies focus on the safety in tunnels (investments around180 M). Other research themes (private projects) Applications of Hydrogen Modular Train Aerodynamics for High Speed Wheel-Rail interaction, Pantograph-Catenary interaction Innovative diagnostics for rolling stock maintenance Crash resistance, Fire protection On-board internet New freight train (160 km/h, 25 tonnes axle load, 750m length, loco-wagon communication) Traffic Management, Secondary lines usage for detouring freight trains Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources The overall budget of the Contratto di Programma 2001 2005 is 60 b. This includes all the investments in the railway network, the amount of investments connected to research and development is 312 M. Specific issues: noise reduction (around 1.200M) and safety in tunnels (around180M). No information on resources for the private projects.
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17 Fact Sheet Latvia

In Latvia, the railway is a crucial part of the national transport system. Its most important task is to provide the transit cargo flow East-West and North-South, as well as service large passenger flows in the dense traffic zone. The railway system is currently being adapted to operation under market economy conditions. This requires adequate infrastructure preservation, upgrade of the rolling stock and environmentally safe railways. The existing company will be restructured into a non-privatisable state stock company for administering the infrastructure on the one hand and a number of daughter undertakings for cargo and passenger transport, repairs of the rolling stock, etc. on the other hand. These companies could also be privatised in the future in case of necessity. At the moment, the state owned railway company LDZ manages and operates the network, but there are also some private freight companies operating on the network. There is also a private company (GAB), operating narrow gauge local passenger services. Passenger RUs: LDZ, ASPV, SPP, GAB Freight RUs: LDZ, BE, BTS
55
Latvia
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 2,4 65 37 1970 2.606 . . . . 203 . . . . 8 1970 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 2.430 . . . . 248 10 1975 1980 2.384 248 10 1980 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1985 2.384 . . . 248 . . . 10 1985 1990 2.397 271 11 1990 474 265 1.226 23.736 1990 23.736 1990 15 134 5.366 14 84 18.538 1995 2.413 271 11 1995 351 246 1.069 21.275 1995 21.275 1995 12 45 1.373 7 29 9.757 1999 2.413 258 11 1999 281 191 392 16.550 1999 16.550 1999 10 25 984 8 33 12.210 LDZ LDZ, BE, BTS LDZ, ASPV, SPP, GAB 2000 2.331 258 11 2000 239 180 270 7.326 2000 15.319 2000 9 18 715 9 36 13.310 2001 2.305 257 11 2001 226 166 220 6.148 2001 15.193 2001 8 20 706 9 38 14.179 2002 2.270 257 11 2002 223 158 206 5.543 2002 13.407 2002 8 22 744 10 40 15.020 km km % 1) 2) 3) 4) Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio.
29.219 . . . . 1970 1970 1975 1975 1980 29.219 . . . . 1980 14 4.774 14 15.523 17.714 17.586
28.951 . . . . 1985 28.951 . . . . 1985 14 5.214 15 19.933
3.817
4.449
175 5.650 155 135 115 3.650 95 75 55 1.650 35 15 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 650 2.650 4.650
100 21.000 90 80 70 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 50 13.000 40 30 20 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 11.000 60 19.000
17.000
15.000
9.000
Source: Latvian Ministry of Transport, UIC database
Remarks: 1) LDZ fleet only, total amount of locomotievs in state registry, including private operators for mainline service and enterprises belonging shunters in 2003 - 353 units 2) LDZ and "L-Ekspresis" fleet 3) LDZ fleet only 4) LDZ staff only, other operators data not available
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EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Latvia to the EU
Infrastructure Manager State JSC Latvijas dzelzcelsh (LDZ) www.ldz.lv Rail operators State JSC Latvijas dzelzcelsh JSC Baltijas ekspresis JSC Baltijas tranzitu serviss JSC Pasagieru vilciens JSC "Starptautiskie pasaieru prvadjumi". Gulbenes-Aluksnes banitis, Ltd www.ldz.lv www.pv.lv 92Hwww.banitis.lv passenger RUs: LDZ, ASPV, SPP, GAB and freight RUs: LDZ, BE, BTS
Ministries The Ministry of Transport and Communications supervises very significant fields of the national economy - transport (road, rail, sea and air transport), communications (telecommunications and post) and information technologies. The main tasks of the Ministry include the issues of strategic policies, finance and regulation. The efficiency of transport, communications and information technologies is an important prerequisite for the development of any field of the national economy. www.sam.gov.lv
Railway Authorities
The State Railway Administration (regulatory body, responsible for issuing freight transportation operators licences) and the State Railway Inspectorate (safety body, responsible for issuing safety certificates) works under supervision of the Ministry of Transport. Besides that the Public Utilities Commission, working under Ministry of Economy, acts as regulatory body in field on passenger transportation by railway (also licence issuing body) and public use railway infrastructure costs. www.sam.gov.lv www.sprk.gov.lv
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
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The long term objective of the transport policy is to ensure systematic maintenance and development of effective, sustainable, integrated, environmentally friendly, balanced and multimodal transport system that would meet the increasing demand of national economy, international trade and population for qualitative and quantitative transport service ensuring safety, reliability and reasonable prices. The basic document for transport infrastructure development in Latvia is the National Transport Development Program 1996 2010. The program is adopted by the Coordination Board which consists of the specialists from the Ministry of Transport, other ministries, transport scientists, the biggest cities and NGOs and approved by the Cabinet of Ministers. Railway plans are approved by the Board of JSC Latvijas dzelzcelsh (representatives from the ministries and three big ports of Latvia). Latvijas dzelzcelsh is developing their infrastructure according to the Business Plan of JSC Latvijas dzelzcelsh for years 2003 2007, accepted by the Board. The main problems to be solved in railway sector are renovation and modernisation of infrastructure, increase of safety level and increase of throughput capacity. In public transport, especially in the railway sector, it is necessary to solve the questions about renovation of rolling stock and establishment of appropriate infrastructure. Another issue is the establishment of railway traffic that meets the current demands on the route Baltic States Central and Western Europe (Rail Baltica). The Rail Baltica project is included in the Reference framework document for the assistance from the Cohesion fund. There is an agreement between the ministers of Transport of three Baltic States and Poland about first step common pre-feasibility study. The European Commission (DG Regio) approved financing for such study from the Cohesion fund. Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources No information
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18 Fact Sheet Lithuania

The 1520 mm gauge Lithuanian railway network plays a central role in the freight transport in the Baltic region. The flow of freight transported by rail was decreasing up to 1994, albeit started to increase since 1995. Passenger transport decreases every year and it is still unprofitable. There is one 1435 mm gauge line of 22 km. The public enterprise Narrow Railway of Aukstaitija owns a 750 mm gauge railway of 68,4 km. The network is managed and operated by JSC Lithuanian Railways. Reform of the Lithuanian railway transport was started in 1996, after the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania adopted the Railway Transport Code. The Lithuanian railway transport reform will separate the railway infrastructure management from commercial activities of JSC Lithuanian Railways. Another element is the cancellation of the cross subsidies from freight to passenger transport. The biggest new infrastructure project is a new European standard line for speeds of 160 km/h and higher is being planned from Warsaw to Tallinn via Lithuania and Latvia (Rail Baltica project). Comfortable high-speed passenger trains will run on this line along the Baltic Coast, which will have a very positive effect on the tourism sector and the economy in the Baltic countries. The line is planned to be completed in phases from 2010 to 2016.
Lithuania
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 3,5 65 53 1970 2.015 0 0 1970 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 2.004 112 6 1975 1980 2.008 112 6 1980 1985 2.014 112 6 1985 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 2.007 112 6 1990 1995 2.002 112 6 1995 1999 1.905 112 6 1999 286 65 245 10.465 1999 16.718 1999 8 12 745 7 28 8.169 JSC Lithuanian Railways JSC Lithuanian Railways JSC Lithuanian Railways 2000 1.905 112 6 2000 278 63 245 10.117 2000 15.618 2000 8 9 611 7 31 9.233 2001 1.696 112 7 2001 265 63 232 9.362 2001 14.334 2001 7 8 533 6 29 7.917 2002 1.775 112 6 2002 254 61 214 9.336 2002 13.096 2002 6 7 498 7 37 9.936 2003 1.774 112 6 2003 254 60 200 9.308 2003 12.614 2003 6 7 432 12 8 43 11.523 230 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. km km %
1970 1970
1975 1975
1980 1980
1985 1985
1990 18.788 1990
1995 17.511 1995
2.132
2.594
3.258
3.417
3.640
1.130
13.566
16.681
18.237
20.927
19.258
7.220
3.900 46 41 36 31 26 21 1.400 16 11 6 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 900 400 3.400 2.900 2.400 1.900 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
80 22.000 70 20.000 18.000 16.000 50 14.000 12.000 10.000 30 8.000 20 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 6.000 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
60
40
Source: Lithuanian Railways, UIC database
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EU Liaison office The Central Project Management Agency (CPMA), established by the Ministry of Finance www.cpva.lt
Research Institutes
Gediminas Technical University of Vilnius Technological University of Kaunas

www.vtu.lt www.ktu.lt
Ministries
Infrastructure Manager / Rail operator JSC Lithuanian Railways Narrow Railway of Aukstaitija www.litrail.lt
Ministry of Transport and Communications www.transp.lt
Railway Authorities State Railway Inspectorate Freight Customers Passenger Revenue Provinces/Regions No information
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Key vision The strategic documents of Lithuania envisage upgrading of the railway transport infrastructure by integrating major railways lines belonging to the long term investment programme (TINA) into Trans-European railway networks (TEN-Tr). Up to 2015 the Lithuanian railway infrastructure must meet, with respect to its technical parameters, the level of EU states railways, become an efficient link of the Lithuanian multi-modal transport system and be able to provide high quality services. The main needs in the rail sector are as follows: Upgrading of the railway infrastructure to be able to to increase the railway capacity and to achieve a speed of 140-160 km/h for passenger trains and 90-100 km/h for freight trains Acquring new and upgrading existing rolling stock to be able to run faster and heavier trains De veloping information technologies Improving safety under the guidance of the Law on the Railway Transport Safety Decreasing environment pollution Other research themes Noise measurements, drawing up noise maps, complying with the noise TSI, installing noise screens Requesting special temporal provisions in the Noise TSI authorising non-complying rolling stock temporarily arriving to one of the Baltic countries and crossing EU internal borders on a 1520 mm network Environment, e.g: assessment of pollutants ejected into the environment by locomotives and diesel trains, utilisation of bio-fuel in the traction rolling stock, pollution of ground and underground waters and monitoring of the underground water, efficiency of cleaning facilities Compatibility of infrastructure of IXB Kreta transport corridor to AGC and AGTC requirements, and proposals for its upgrading to achieve up to 160 km/h speed were put forward (2000-2001) Strategic development of freight transportation on corridors I and IX (1999-2000) Technological possibilities of transporting containers, trailers and semi-trailers by rail transport to the Western European countries (2003) Technologies of saving resources in operating infrastructure Instruction on the technical service and repairs of traction substations on the Lithuanian electrified railways, electro supply and switching station facilities Procedure of the use and protection of railways and its facilities, and maintenance and use of reserve and sanitary protection zones Technical assessment of tendering proposals on pre-stressed ferroconcrete sleepers Analysis and expertise of the technical condition of the odd way Vievis - Zasliai Traffic safety program Study of the Lithuanian railway transport development for 25-30 years Elaboration of methods for calculating the infrastructure fee Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources No financial information.
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The railway employees do not carry out scientific research work, but, if needed, firms, state or private research institutes or laboratories specialising and having respective experience in the rail research field are contracted.
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19 Fact Sheet Luxemburg

Luxemburg as a EU member state has a network of 275 km, mainly operated by crossborder and regional trains running to and from the capital. Due to its central position in Northwest Europe there is also a relatively high number of freight tonnes carried across Luxembourg. There are several international connections, including some long-distance connections to France, Belgium and Germany. The state owned railway company CFL operates and manages the network. The main infrastructure projects include the doubling of the line to Petange and new lines to the airport Findel, Bettembourg and Esch-sur-Alzette. Luxembourg was one of the first countries to introduce the European control-command system ERTMS and is currently implementing it on the whole network. Luxembourg will also be connected to the French high speed network with the new TGV-Est effective June 2007. A special emphasis is placed on the European passenger train project EUROCAP-RAIL connecting Brussels, Luxemburg and Strasbourg, as well as for cargo on the freight corridor C Antwerp-Basel/Lyon crossing Luxembourg. A railway highway carrying lorries on special wagons between Bettembourg and Perpignan will be operational as of March 31, 2007.
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EU Liaison office Reprsentation Permanente du Grand-Duch de Luxembourg auprs de l'Union Europenne
Research Institutes University of Luxembourg www.uni.lu
Infrastructure Manager CFL www.railinfra.lu
Ministries Ministre des Transports Ministre des Finances Ministre de l'Intrieur Direction de l'Amnagement du Territoire (DATer) Ministre des Travaux Publics Administration des Ponts et Chausses www.etat.lu/tr/mob www.mobiliteit.lu www.etat.lu/mi/mat/index.htm www.etat.lu/tp/
Rail operators CFL www.cfl.lu Railway Authorities Communaut des Transports CdT Socit Nationale de Certification et de Homologation SNCH www.mobiliteit.lu www.snch.lu
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators No tramway/metro systems
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Key vision The transport plan of the Luxembourg government, Mobilitit.lu, which was presented in 2002 has the goal to increase the modal split of public transport from 14 to 25 percent. To reach this goal, the following decisions are taken: Luxembourg has to be well connected to the European transport networks. The public transport offer should not only cover the national territory, but also the nearby located regions in France, Germany and Belgium. Significant investments in railway infrastructure are planned, specifically from the capital to the south of the country. The railway network will be designed for mixed use between hybrid tram-train vehicles and classical double-deck trains The timetable has to be changed in order to create through connections without changing at the central station. Parking facilities at stations should be extended and two rings of P+R facilities should be realised, one around the capital and one along the national borders. Rail and bus transport should be complementary and in regions without a rail network, the public transport offer should be covered by buses. Other research themes Timetabling and a mobility co-ordination centre Improving the image of public transport Improved services, attractiveness Tax measures to increase the use of public transport Traffic demand analysis in Luxembourg and neighbouring regions, to assess the effectiveness of each of the measures Relation with the SRRA No relation with the SRRA reported Annual resources No information
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20 Fact Sheet Netherlands

The Dutch railway network is one of the most intensely used networks in the world. With a length of 2800 km and 6500 km of track it transports 1,2 million passengers and 200.000 tonnes of freight per day. Every day, 5400 passenger trains and 2300 freight trains use our network. Over the past 20 years, passenger transport has doubled and this growth will continue, especially in the densely populated areas in the western part of the Netherlands. Freight transport grows even faster, allowing main seaports to grow ProRail manages the Dutch railway network, providing the foundation for rail mobility in the Netherlands. The passenger division NS Reizigers is the largest passenger transporting company in the Netherlands. Other users of the network are Syntus, Thalys, DB Regio, Arriva, Prignitzer Eisenbahn, Veolia, Connexxion, NS Internationaal and the DB Autozug. On the core network, there is only one passenger operator, NS Reizigers (accounting for more than 80% of the total track utilisation). However, since 1999, there are different operators on some of the regional lines in the north and the east. For freight transport, there are also various different operators, of which Railion Benelux is the biggest. Currently, the The Dutch Rail network is expanding: In 2007 two three large infrastructure projects under construction are: were completed; the High Speed Line South from Schiphol to the Belgian border, theBetuweroute, the dedicated freight line from the Rotterdam Harbour to the German border and the doubling of the Utrecht Amsterdam line, allowing capacity to double on this very important corridor. These projects should all be finished before 2007. The High Speed Line South from airport Schiphol to the Belgian border will follow in 2008 and the Hanzelijn, the new railway line between Lelystad and Zwolle, will be finished in 2012..
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the Netherlands
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 15,9 42 383 1970 3.147 Mio. x1000 km Inhabit./km 1975 2.832 1980 2.880 1985 2.824 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 2.798 1995 2.739 1999 2.808 Prorail NS (Syntus, Connexxion, Noordned) Railion BNL, Shortlines, ATCS 2000 2.802 1.877 67 2.062 74 2000 278 1.845 2.742 3.331 2000 26.169 2000 305 14.760 1.277 25 3.819 2001 2.809 1.878 67 2.061 73 2001 278 1.850 2.742 3.331 2001 26.123 2001 313 14.392 1.309 25 3.834 2002 km km % km % 2002
1.645 52 1970 527 586 1.919 18.750 1970 26.766 1970 81 188 8.011 181 17 27 3.715 161
1.712 60 1975 474 649 1.968 13.980 1975 26.521 1975 92 176 8.501 278 14 18 2.734 115
1.759 61 1980 447 685 1.958 11.355 1980 26.876 1980 96 197 8.910 391 14 22 3.468 156
1.824 65 1985 584 691 2.145 8.902 1985 26.839 1985 101 206 9.007 510 13 20 3.274 153
1.957 70 1990 520 715 2.268 6.697 1990 26.165 1990 106 256 11.060 639 12 18 3.070 127
1.991 73 1995 526 645 2.611 3.237 1995 26.561 1995 120 305 13.977 948 21 3.097 160
2.061 73 1999
3.331 1999 26.492 1999 129 329 14.330 1.225 23 3.549
2002 2002 Mio. 314 Mio. 14.288 Mio. 1.342 Mio. EUR Mio. 25 Mio. 3.691 Mio. Mio. EUR
350 330 310 290 270 250 230 210 190 170 150 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
17.500 16.500 15.500 14.500 13.500 12.500 11.500 10.500 9.500 8.500 7.500
30 28 26
6.000 5.500 5.000
24 22 20 18 16 3.000 14 12 10 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2.500 2.000 4.500 Tonnes Carried 4.000 Tonne-km 3.500
Passengers Carried Passenger-km
Sources: UIC database, NS annual report 2002
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Contractors/Engineering A number of contractors and engineering firms in the Netherlands have obtained the authorisation to work for ProRail on railway projects. These companies also join on occasion in research activities, for example: BAM NBM Rail, Strukton Railinfra, Volker Stevin Rail & Trafiic, Movares, Arcadis Infra, DeltaRail. EU Liaision office EG-Liaison supports interested companies and institutions in obtaining European R&D funding. The aim is to promote (Dutch) participation in European R&D programmes and to stimulate European cooperation in the field of innovation. 292Hwww.egl.nl Ministries The Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management and the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. 293Hwww.verkeerenwaterstaat.nl 294Hwww.vrom.nl Railway Authorities Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Directorate-General for Passenger Transport, Railway Directorate. The office of Transport Regulation of the Netherlands Competition Authority (Nma) 295Hwww.nmanet.nl Rail operators Passenger operators 296Hwww.ns.nl 297Hwww.syntus.nl 298Hwww.thalys.nl 299Hwww.db.be 300Hwww.prignitzer-eisenbahn.de 301Hwww.arriva.nl 302Hwww.veolia.nl 303Hwww.connexxion.nl 304Hwww.dbautozug.de 305Hwww.nshispeed.nl Freight Operators 306Hwww.acts-nl.com 307Hwww.bcargo.be 308Hwww.dlcargo.com 309Hwww.ersrail.com 310Hwww.hgk.de 311Hwww.rail4chem.de 312Hwww.railion.nl 313Hwww.railfeeding.nl 314Hwww.veolia-cargo.com 315Hwww.sncf.com 316Hwww.bentheimer-eisenbahn.de 317Hwww.ctl.pl 318Hwww itl-benelux com
Research Institutes TU Delft, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Section Road and Railway Engineering AVV Transport Research Centre, part of the Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management. TNO, Knowledge organisation that provides contract research 321Hwww.citg.tudelft.nl 322Hwww.rws-avv.nl 323Hwww.tno.nl Infrastructure Manager As independent Infrastructure Manager, ProRail is responsible for the Dutch railway infrastructure. This consists of construction of new lines, maintenance, traffic control, access permission for operators, distribution of capacity and delivering transfer capacity and information services. This enables the highest possible quality and optimal use of the Railway network. ProRail works as a partner in the railway sector to solve present and future mobility issues. 320Hwww.prorail.nl Urban transport operators Amsterdam: 288Hwww.gvb.nl Rotterdam: 289Hwww.ret.nl Den Haag: 290Hwww.htm.nl Utrecht: 291Hwww.connexxion.nl
Provinces/Regions The Netherlands has 12 Provinces. Some local communities have formed regions. These regions also fund railway projects. e.g. 287Hwww.haaglanden.nl
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Rail infrastructure manager ProRail aims her research activities at a reliable and well utilised rail infrastructure, market innovations and low costs by focusing on the following strategic issues: More railway capacity in urban areas, enabling growth of passenger transport; Stimulating freight transport; Product differentiation for regional railway lines; More revenues from extra services and new products for the railway market; Improving daily operations, e.g. Safety, Sustainability and Noise measures, Dynamic Traffic Management, improvement of Stations.
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21. Fact Sheet Malta

The Malta Railway opened in 1883 and ran from Valletta to Notabile close to Rabat and Mdina. The line was extended in 1900 through a tunnel under Mdina from Notabile to Museum Station near Mtarfa. The railway in Malta, closed down in 1931 mainly due to the introduction of trams and motor buses.
General Information Population 0,4 Surface 0,31 Population density 1274 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings Railway lines out of service Railway lines out of service Railway lines out of service
1970 Infrastructure Length of the network of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives Multiple units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km passengers Passengers carried Passengers-km Passenger traffic revenue Train-km freight Tonnes carried Tonne-km Freight traffic revenue mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. km km % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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22 Fact Sheet Poland

The Polish National Rail Network consists of nearly 20 000 kilometres of railway lines. Up to the year 2001, the Polish Railway sector was based nearly only on the Polish State Railways (PKP) as a single national railway company. In the beginning of 2001 national railway was subdivided into infrastructure managing companies, railway operators and a number of supporting companies all being owned by PKP S.A. (Joint Stock Company). Out of that few small companies have been privatised. Main railway infrastructure is owned and managed by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe. However as infrastructure companies Polish government treats also three other companies owned by PKP S.A.: PKP Telekomunikacja Kolejowa (PKP Telecom), PKP Energetyka Kolejowa (PKP Energy) and PKP Informatyka Kolejowa (PKP IT). Poland registered also over 200 small Infrastructure Managers mainly managing railway junctions.
Poland
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 38,2 313 122 1970 26.678 3.872 15 1970 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 26.702 5.588 21 1975 1980 27.181 6.868 25 1980 1985 27.012 8.902 33 1985 8.186 1.400 11.250 377.768 1985 377.768 1985 203 1.005 51.978 9.813 185 409 118.863 84.578 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 26.228 11.387 43 1990 5.454 1.347 11.928 336.614 1990 336.614 1990 235 790 50.373 126 272 81.776 1995 23.986 11.627 48 1995 4.428 1.160 9.978 240.635 1995 240.635 1995 174 383 20.960 244 108 221 68.206 1.029 1999 22.891 11.967 52 1999 5.161 1.106 6.951 98.571 PKP PKP PKP 2000 22.560 11.826 52 2000 5.062 6.616 92.566 2001 21.119 11.965 57 2001 1.188 6.528 2002 21.073 12.207 58 2003 20.665 12.160 59 km km %
8.522 360.798 1970 360.798 1970 167 1.056 36.891 1.593 180 376 98.233 5.698
7.486 358.428 1975 358.428 1975 187 1.118 42.819 2.108 216 455 127.505 7.662
7.493 363.357 1980 363.357 1980 191 1.101 46.324 2.484 212 468 132.576 14.504
2002 2003 4.246 1.182 1.176 6.367 5.093 119.308 111.532
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 194.435 172.864 152.562 143.293 144.400 1999 176 396 26.198 371 92 187 55.471 1.176 2000 361 24.093 2001 332 22.469 2002 304 20.809 2003 283 19.638 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio.
187 54.448
167 47.913
223 47.756
242 49.584
1.200 1.100 1.000
57.000 52.000 47.000
500
140.000 130.000 120.000
450
900 800 700 600 500 27.000 400 300 200 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 22.000 17.000 42.000 37.000 32.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
400
110.000 100.000 90.000 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
350
300
80.000 70.000 60.000
250
200 50.000 150 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 40.000
Sources: Railway Scientific and Technical Centre (CNTK), UIC database
71
Main Polish Railway Undertakings are also owned by PKP S.A.: PKP CARGO for freight services and traction services, PKP INTERCITY for qualified passenger services and PKP PR (Przewozy Regionalne) for regional passenger services. All together eighty RU licences have been issued for fright, passenger and traction services. Number of big Railway Undertakings will probably increase as regional railway transport services are in transformation. In the Warsaw region, a joint venture (Koleje Mazowieckie) has been created in 2005 which is co-owned by the region. Other regions of Poland are planning to follow. Change may become even faster, strengthened by market opening for foreign competition (but limited by financial uncertainty, at least in the passenger sector). The biggest ongoing projects are focused on trans-European corridors: corridor II from German border via Warsaw to Byelorussian border, corridor III from German border via Wroclaw to Ukrainian border, and north part of corridor VI from Warsaw to Gdynia. Corridor I from Warsaw to Lithuanian border is an European priority project. Most important project for regional transport is a railway connection from Wroclaw via Poznan to Szczecin

Railway Transport related Research and Development Units: - Centrum Naukowo Techniczne Kolejnicta (Railway Scientific and Technical Centre) in Warsaw - www.cntk.pl, - Instytut Pojazdw Szynowych (Rail Vehicles Institute) in Poznan www.tabor.com.pl - Instytut Badawczy Drog i Mostw (Road and Bridge Research Institute) in Warsaw - www.ibdim.edu.pl, - OBET (Transport Economics Institute) - www.obet.com.pl Railway Transport related Institutes on Technical Universities: www.ae.katowice.pl, www.ae.poznan.pl, www.sgh.waw.pl, www.pw.edu.pl, www.pk.edu.pl, www.polsl.gliwice.pl, www.pg.gda.pl, www.put.poznan.pl, www.pwr.wroc.pl, www.p.lodz.pl, www.wt.pr.radom.net EU Liaison office: Urzad Komitetu Integracji Europejskiej (Office of the Committee for European Integration) www.ukie.gov.pl Ministries important for railway operation, investments and research: - Ministerstwo Transportu (Transport Ministry) www.mt.gov.pl - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego (Regional Development Ministry) - www.mrr.gov.pl - Ministerstwo Nauki i Informatyzacji (Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology) www.mnii.gov.pl National Railway Safety Authority: - Urzad Transportu Kolejowego (Railway Transport Office) - www.utk.gov.pl Main infrastructure managing companies: - PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. (PKP Polish Railway Lines, JSC.) - PKP LHS Sp. z o. o. Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa (PKP Broad-Gauge Metallurgy Line, Ltd.) - PKP Energetyka Sp. z o. o. (PKP Power Engineering, Ltd.) - PKP Telekomunikacja Kolejowa (PKP Railway Telecommunication, Ltd.) - PKP Informatyka Sp. z o. o. (PKP Information Technology, Ltd.)
Main Railway Undertakings: - PKP Intercity, Sp. z o. o. (PKP Intercity, Ltd.) - PKP Przewozy Regionalne Sp. z o. o. (PKP Regional Service, Ltd.) - PKP Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa WKD Sp. z o. o. (PKP Warsaw Commuter Rail, Ltd.) - PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trjmiecie Sp. z o. o. (PKP Fast Regional Rail in Tri-City, Ltd.) - Szybka Kolej Miejska w Warszawie (Fast Regional Rail in Warsaw) - www.skm.warszawa.pl - PKP CARGO S.A. (PKP CARGO JSC.) - PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa LHS Sp. z o. o. (PKP Broad-Gauge Metallurgy Line, Ltd. --Koleje Mazowieckie (www.mazowieckie.com.pl Urban transport operators: Warsaw metro: www.metro.waw.pl, Warsaw trams: tramwaje-warszawskie.pol.pl, Warsaw busses: www.mza.waw.pl Bydgoszcz: www.mzk.bydgoszcz.pl Czestochowa: www.mpk.czest.pl Elblag: www.zkm.elblag.com.pl Gdansk: www.zkm.pl Gorzw Wielkopolski: www.mzk-gorzow.com.pl Grudziadz: www.mzk.grudziadz.pl Krakw: www.mpk.krakow.pl Katowice: www.tram-silesia.pl Poznan: www.mpk.poznan.pl Torun: www.mzk.torun.pl
Provinces/Regions: 16 voivodships (regions) are co-financing regional rail operations and investments. Urban transport operators: Wroclaw: www.mpk.wroclaw.pl Szczecin: www.zditm.szczecin.pl Ldz: www.mpk.lodz.pl, www.mkt.lodz.pl www.tramwajepodm.lodz.pl
72
Associations of Engineers: - Stowarzyszenie Inynierw i Technikw Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej SITK RP (Polish Association of Transport Engineers and Technicians), - Stowarzyszenie Elektrykw Polskich SEP (Polish Association of Electricians), - Stowarzyszenie Inynierw Mechanikw Polskich SIMP (Polish Association of Mechanical Engineers).
Association of Railway Industries: Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Interoperacyjnoci i Rozwoju Transportu Szynowego (Association for Railway Interoperability and Development) Polish national railway industry association involved in UNIFE works; organisation focusing on building Polish railway industry competence in European law, standardisation and technical solutions for strengthening Polish railway industry position on common European market for railway products www.sirts.pl Association of Railway Industries and Railway Undertakings: Railway Business Forum main Polish railway transport lobbing body www.rbf.net.pl Polish Railway Transport Technological Platform Polska Platforma Technologiczna Transportu Szynowego (Polish Railway Transport Technological Platform) common platform for research and industry co-operation with Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology
Railway related Chambers in Poland: - Polska Izba Producentw Urzdze i Usug na rzecz Kolei (Polish Chamber of Rail Device and Services Producers) www.izba-kolei.org.pl - Izba Gospodarcza Transportu Ldowego (Land Transport Chamber) www.igtl.pl - Izba Gospodarcza Komunikacji Misjskiej (Urban Transport Chamber) www.igkm.com.pl
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22.3 Key Vision

The main aim of the Polish railway sector is to obtain a greater share in the whole Polish transport sector. In order to achieve this goal, a number of actions are taken to develop the railway infrastructure. The strengths of the Polish rail sector are for example: highly competent and experienced staff, good English knowledge, and acceptable prices. However, there is an awareness of points that need to be improved in the near future, such as: limited knowledge related to European rail solutions needs to be strengthened by the staff of Polish Railways, a need to create more development departments in order to create a possibility for the competent staff to observe and follow technical trends, bad railway image in Poland needs to be improved.
Research Strategies and Resources Research Resources are generally limited. Human resources: high number of research bodies does not ensure too many human resources; Railway Transport related Institutes on Technical Universities are focused mainly on teaching hence having limited human resources for research works; Railway Transport related Research and Development Units employ less than one third of staff they employed in the passed; However two main R&D units CNTK and IPS TABOR are involved in a number of European activities like research projects, European Railway Agency works on European railway related legal requirements, European railway related standardisation works, and conformity coherence building in NB Rail.
74
Financial resources: Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology is supporting railway development only a little mainly focusing up to now on railway vehicles. Infrastructure Managers ad Railway Undertakings are focused on operations and investments problems asking research support only a bit. Therefore Polish research entities are active mainly in international railway research projects e.g. in European Framework Programs. Competence of researchers: As a result of this involvement Polish researchers are frequently speaking good English and having rather good knowledge about European railway related regulations and associated technical solutions. Research Strategy: Up to 2005 no railway research strategy was officially established. Since 2006 railway related research frame was accepted by the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology for the purpose of National Framework Program.
Other research themes No specific additional information.
Relation with the SRRA Research frame for National Framework Program in relation to railway transport was elaborated on the basis of ERRAC SRRA and handed over to the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology to be taken into account during works on National Framework Program. The research filed transport covers railway, road, air, water and pipe-line transport. The aim of research in this field is to satisfy growing transport demand and ensure required compatibility of different transport modes and appropriate operational safety. Two priorities have been defined: 1. transport systems and devices construction, operation and safety: new materials and technologies for construction, maintenance and operation of transport infrastructure and transport devices for railway, road, air, water and pipe-line transport taking into account ensuring safety for users and environment. 2. transport processes managing systems: modern and intelligent transport systems including information technologies needed for full integration of Polish transport systems with the trans-European transport systems and between different transport modes.
Annual resources No comprehensive information is available in that respect up to 2005. Starting from 2006 comprehensive data are expected to be available based on National Framework Program summary. This will however be available for passed periods as National Framework Program resources are not subdivided between nine main research fields out of which transport (all modes) is only one.
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23 Fact Sheet Portugal

The Portuguese National Rail Network consists of 2.456,46 km broad gauge (1,668m) lines and 334,24 km narrow gauge (1,000m) lines. The railway services are operated by CP, with the exception of the new North South crossing which is operated by a new rail operator FERTAGUS. The most important recent infrastructure investments are the North - South crossing over the Tagus river, the installing of two more tracks in the suburban lines of Sintra and Azambuja (Lisboa Metropolitan Area) and the upgrading and modernisation of the North Line between Lisboa and Porto. Some other recent improvements are the operation with tilting trains, the electrification and increase of line speed of Beira Alta Line (international traffic), South Line, Porto Suburban lines and Beira Baixa line. The infrastructure is owned and managed by Rede Ferroviria Nacional REFER a national public company created in 1997. The project studies of the new high speed lines Lisboa Madrid (2013) and Lisboa Porto (2015) are underway.
PORTUG General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure1 Lenght of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of couches 1970 3 588 10 92 109 1975 3 588 Mio. x1000km
2 2
Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers
Passsangers Railway Unde
Inhabit./km 1980 3 609
Freight Railway Undertakin 1999 2 813
1985 1990 1995 3 3 2 603 064 850
417 12 1970 474 152 980
417 12 1975 387 167 995
432 12 1980 311 272 1 173
458 13
461 15
522 18
801 32 1999 284 340 1 431
1985 1990 1995 301 230 1 257 273 1 315 318 1
76
Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passengers-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue
1
9 045 1970 25 559 1970 22 105 2 826 4 6 4 776 2
7 050 1975 25 356 1975 24 128 3 866 7 6 3 754
5 860 1980 24 704 1980 28 224 6 077 43 7 4 1 001 7
201 5 538
232 4 579
341 3 944
4 244 1999 12 816 1999 32 164 4 329 115 8 9 2 179 61
1985 1990 1995 21 22 13 749 110 059 1985 1990 1995 31 222 5 725 103 8 5 1 196 19 27 226 5 664 89 6 6 1 459 31 29 184 4 809 109 8 8 2 019 53
REFER information * only CP empolyees
77

EU Liaison office FCT Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia GRICES Gabinete de Relaes Internacionais da Cincia e do Ensino Superior
Contractors No information
Research Institutes
See (a)
www.fct.mctes.pt www.grices.mces.pt
Ministries
MOPTC - Ministry for Public Works, Transports and Communications MCTES - Ministry for Science, Technology and Higher Education
Infrastructure management body which is responsible for ensuring rail infrastructure installation, development and maintenace and for managing circulation command and control functions, following publication of Decree Law 104/97 of 29/4 which created REFER Rede Ferroviria Nacional. RAVE Rede Ferroviria de Alte Velocidade (High Speed Network) was created to develop the future high speed
www.moptc.pt www.mctes.pt www.dgtt.pt www.mctes.pt
Railway Authorities www.dgtt.pt
Rail Operators CP is the main transport operator responsible for passenger and freight services. A new rail operator FERTAGUS has been established for the operation of the north-south crossing over the Tagus river
IMTT Mobility and Land Transport www.mces.pt Institute (Instituto da Mobilidade e Transportes Terrestres) Its main attributions are: regulate and supervise of tranport activities (road and rail promote safety, quality transport public services innovation and development
www.imtt.pt
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Lisbon: www.metrolisboa.pt Porto: www.metrodoporto.pt
78
(a) Research Institutes IST Instituto Superior Tcnico LNEC Laboratrio Nacional de Engenharia Civil FEUP Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto UC Universidade de Coimbra UM Universidade do Minho ISQ Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade TISPT Consultores em Transportes, Inovao e Sistemas, S.A. www.ist.utl.pt/ www.lnec.pt/ www.fe.up.pt/ www.uc.pt/ www.uminho.pt/ www.isq.pt/ www.tis.pt/
79

Key vision The long term strategic plan for the Portuguese rail network was prepared in 2006 and will be approved during 2007. The key measures are:
rail transport as tool for ensuring the sustainable mobility integration in the transeuropean rail network interoperability intermodal coordination development of the logistic chain improvement of the railways operational results promotion of the quality, efficiency, reliability and safety of the rail transport
There is no dedicated national program research for railways. The Ministry for Public Works, Transports and Communications has launched in 2005 a set of technological projects that includes some specifically dedicated to rail transportation: information technologies, ticketing systems and security systems. This technological plan has three main areas: knowledge, technology and innovation. Research Themes A continuous improvement in the quality of the service. A pricing reorganisation to allow an increased flexibility in the use of the transport modes and an improvement of intermodality. Punctuality and reduction of travel times. The elimination of level crossings. The development of a terminal network (intermodal) and the implementation of terminal management information systems. The planning of new and modernization of existing infrastructure, concerning integration in the trans European network as well as Interoperability and technical harmonisation. A plan for eliminating bottlenecks on the conventional rail network is underway. The reduction of the environmental impact in terms of noise and gaseous emissions. The improvement of energy efficiency is also an important issue. Safety. The modal balance and the reinforcement of intermodal coordination. Application of developments, both in the infrastructure and rolling stock with interchangeable axles, in lines with Iberian gauge and European gauge.
Networks: A High Speed Plan is under study: Lisboa-Madrid (2013) and Lisboa-Porto (2015). Development of rail links to Lisboa and Porto airports. Development of rail links to the international ports of Lisboa, Setubal and Sines. Promote the interoperability of the conventional network. Concerning the suburban area of Lisboa the objective is to increase the capacity and quality of infrastructure and the improvement of safety systems. Concerning the suburban area of Porto the objective is to build new infrastructure capable of offering a good passenger transport system. Concerning Lisboas Metro the extension of the existing network is underway. The predicted length of these extensions is 11km. Concerning Portos Metro the extension of the existing network is underway. Light rail systems are under study in some towns.
80
Other research themes The areas of research expertise include: - Crashworthiness - Passive Safety - RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintenance and Safety) - Fatigue Design - Dynamics of Railways - Composites - Optimal Design - Noise and vibration reduction - Transport Planning and Mobility - Public policy regarding intermodal competition and financing conditions - Management of Transport infrastructures and operations - Regulatory and Institutional design - Contract design and performance evaluation
Relation with the SRRA

The EU policies are one of the major inputs taken into account in the national strategic plans.
Annex
Description of the Portuguese Railway Sector (Annex 5)
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21. Fact Sheet San Marino

San Martino is an enclave on the Italian territory. The only railway line in San Marino had been connecting the capital San Marino with the Italian network in Rimini. The construction began in 1932 and the line was officially opened in 1932. The railway system in San Marina was completely electrified and the line had a total length of 32,40 km. Due to an allied bombing attack in 1944 the railway infrastructure was badly damaged and partly destroyed. The train service was cut, the infrastructure had been demolished step by step and the stretch was turned in to a bike and hiking path. All attempts to rebuild the railway line and inaugurate a new rail service again were in vain.
General Information Population 0,03 Surface 0,06 Population density 477
Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km
Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings
Railway line out of service Railway line out of service Railway line out of service
1970 ELECTRIFIED NETWORK TOTAL NETWORK LOCS MULTIPLE UNITS COACHES WAGONS STAFF PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES PASSENGERS PKM TONNES TKM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1975 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1980 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1995 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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24 Fact Sheet Slovakia

After disintegration of Federal Republic of Czechoslovakia and formation of independent Slovak Republic, the establishment of Railways of Slovak republic (ZSR) was set on the basis of legislation Act no. 258/93 of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. But technical elements are not prepared enough for changing conditions and structure of transport market. The issue lays in poor technical level and quality of major critical technical elements of railway transport, in neglected maintenance and insufficient renovation. It also regards to frontier exchange railway stations particularly at multimodal corridor tracks. The implementation of directive 91/440/EHS on development of railways (changed to no.2001/12/ES) in practice requires gradual broad programme of transformation of European railways. Physical separation of railway infrastructure from the transport operator in SR was performed according to legislative Act no. 259/2001 Coll. on the Railway Company.
Slovak Republic
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives* Multiple Units* Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue 5,4 49 110 1970 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 1980 1985 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 1995 3.668 1.472 40 1995 1.322 373 2.040 36.567 1995 52.965 1995 40 89 4.202 35 24 61 13.763 346 1999 3.668 1.536 42 1999 1.253 383 1.703 29.710 1999 48.913 1999 37 69 2.968 43 20 49 9.862 332 ZSR ZS ZS 2000 3.662 1.536 42 2000 1.208 361 1.642
26.975
2001 3.662 1.536 42 2001 1.167 344 1.561

24.587
2002 3.657 1.536 42 2002 1.131 320 1.873 24.796 2002 43.692 2002 36 59 2.682 18 50 10.383 309
2003 3.657 1.556 43 2003 1.116 325 1.590 17.470 2003 40.039 31 51 2.316 66 18 51 10.161 401
km km %
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1970 1970
1975 1975
1980 1980
1985 1985
1990 1990
2000 46.813 2000 36 67 2.870 51 21 54 11.234 362
2001 44.596 2001 35 63 2.805 56 20 54 10.929 411
Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio.
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
5.000
70
15.000
4.500
65
14.000
60 4.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 3.500 50 3.000
55
12.000
Tonne-km
11.000
45
10.000
2.500
40 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
9.000
Source: ZSR, UIC database
83

Manufacturing industry ZOS Vrtky JSC (Railway Repairing and Engineering Company in Vrtky) ZOS Zvolen, Ltd. (Railway Repairing and Engineering Company in Zvolen) ZOS Trnava, Inc. (Railway Repairing and Engineering Company in Trnava) TATRAVAGNKA, Inc. Poprad AZD Kosice, Inc. Betamont Ltd.
EU Liaison office SARC Centre of development, science and technologies, founded by Ministry of Education to support participation of Slovak subjects in EU projects. www.sarc.sk
Research Institutes Vyskumny a vyvojovy stav Zeleznc VVZ (Institute for Railway Research and Development) Vyskumny stav dopravny, a.s. (Transport research institute (TRI), Inc. Zilina) Zilinsk univerzita (University of Zilina) The Centre for Transportation Research University of Zilina (CETRA) but partly also Agency for Support Science and Technics, supporting research and development by provision of specific resources from state budget for support research objectives of applicants.
Ministries Minsitry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications The Section for Tracks and Railway Transport - performs state technical control on state-wide railways and delivery tracks, - specifies terms of technical ability of means of transport, track and rail equipment, - defines terms for permission of dangerous goods transport within railways. www. telecom.gov.sk
Infrastructure Manager Zeleznice Slovenskej Republiky Inc. (ZSR) ZSR is oriented on forming integrated offer of infrastructure manager services and utilising its capacity to provide safer, effective and ecological transport of passengers and goods in international level. www.zsr.sk
Railway Authorities
Rail operators Zeleznicn spolocnost Inc. (ZSSK) www.zssk.sk
Sttny drhovy rad (State Railway Office): Body of state administration, performing according to Act. no. 164/1996 Coll. on railways. This body provides for tasks of state technical supervision and legislative, activities of particular building office in the field of railways.
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Provinces/Regions Regarding rail operation, the only task of the Autonomous Regions is the negotiating processes of timetable proposals with ZSR.
84

Key vision The strategy of railways (ZSR and ZS) is based on the following areas: 1. Reinforcement of current transport market position stabilization of strategic transportations, opportunities development. 2. Optimalization of product portfolio from the point of qualitative and quantitative indicators labour productivity increasing. 3. Quality of services increasing (by investment to improvement of human resources) 4. Development of combine transport 5. Optimalization of rolling stock 6. Modernization of equipment for material manipulation automation (OPC ierna nad Tisou, integrated logistic centre VSP) 7. Long-distance national and international transport 8. Suburban and regional transport 9. Efficiency and quality of transport operation improving Other research themes Currently there are attempts with various rate of successfulness to launch integrated transport systems in SR in the area of three towns: Bratislava, Kosice, Zilina. This would cover urban public transport, suburban bus links and regional railways. Concept of Development of Combined Transport with Prospects until 2010, that determined the situation in combined transport and conditions for further development. Conception deals with: I. Legislative, organizational and economic conditions for combined transport development, II. Potential of combined transport, proposal of links and routing and distribution of labour, III. Infrastructure and technical base development, IV. Financial provision proposal V. Ecological, safety and qualitative assumptions. Programme of Development of Railway Lines until 2010 and the Proposal of funding capital works. Capital investment priorities of railway network development are especially the following: implementation of the programme of upgrading railway transit corridors; upgrading of border transit stations; completion of significant railway junctions and stations; upgrading of the remaining network; upgrading of the communication network; upgrading of rolling stocks. Relation with the SRRA Regarding to transport, the most important policy is common transport policy determining aims of transport development and instruments and facilities to achieve them. The recent document that defines needs and objectives for 2010 is the White Paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide in this area. Annual resources The current situation of transport research is characterised by poor state involvement, and thus with limited resources. The reserach is realised with the following crucial subjects: The Ministry of Education awards grants within VEGA commissions for scientific grant agency to research projects connected with transport area and its particular processes, The Ministry of Transport within its grant network for transport area projects (legislative, trends, measuring, regulation),
85
The Ministry of Interior places an order for elaborating tasks concerned with construction and performance of road infrastructure. ZS, ZSR, implement results of research and development and placing an order for partly tasks of applied research and development, Institutions that directly elaborate tasks and development projects including providing of standardization and informations from transport area TRI and universities (University of Zilina). Investment to transport research area can be only estimated in SR, as exact informations are not available. Based on data on website of Ministry of Education of the SR we are able to estimate only the trend of reducing total amount of investment to research decreased generally by 2,25 % to 0,86 % of GDP in 1991 1998, and state budget subsidies decreased by 0,71 % to 0,38 % of GDP. For research and development projects regarding to other activities less than 50 mil. Sk was expended.
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25 Fact Sheet Slovenia

The length of the Slovenian railway network is 1,201 kilometres. The public Joint Stock Company Slovenian Railways (Slovenske Zeleznice) manages and operates the network. The Slovenian Railways are State property and keep a separate bookkeeping for railway infrastructure and for transport services. The national railway infrastructure development programme comprises the period until 2005. In addition to the construction of the railway connection between Slovenia and Hungary and the second railway track from Divaca to Koper, the reconstruction of the existing infrastructure and modernising of vehicles is included in this programme. About thirty local passenger trains and three advanced design pendolinos have been purchased. The pendolino trains operate between Maribor and Ljubljana at a speed of 160 kilometres per hour.
Slovenia
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives* Multiple Units* Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 2,0 20 98 1970 1.055 364 35 1970 Mio. x1000 km2 Inhabit./km2 1975 1.056 497 47 1975 1980 1.058 491 46 1980 1985 1.058 491 46 1985 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 1.196 526 44 1990 1995 1.201 499 42 1995 223 113 9.761 1970 1970 1975 1975 1980 1980 1985 1985 1990 1990 1995 9.761 1995 18 13 595 12 8 14 2.881 67 1999 1.202 504 42 1999 199 112 9.037 1999 9.037 1999 11 14 623 18 8 13 2.571 79 2000 2000 15 705 2001 2001 14 715 2002 2002 15 749 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. SZ SZ SZ 2000 2001 2002 km km % 2000 2001 2002
14 2.596
14 2.600
15 2.834
16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
800
16 16
3.000 2.900 2.800
750
15 15 Passengers Carried 14 14 13 2.700 2.600 2.500 2.400 Tonnes Carried Tonne-km
700
650
Passenger-km
600
13 12 12 2.300 2.200 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
550
500
11
87

Contractors/Engineering Firms No information EU Liaison office Permanent representation of Slovenia to the EU
Infrastructure Manager Slovenske Zeleznice www.slo-zeleznice.si
Ministries Ministry of Transport Ministry of Education, Science and Sport www.sigov.si/mpz www.mszs.si
Rail operators Slovenske Zeleznice www.slo-zeleznice.si Railway Authorities No information
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
88

Key vision No information Other research themes No information Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources No information
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26 Fact Sheet Spain

Because of the broad gauge, the Spanish network has been relatively isolated from the other European networks. However, in 1992, the first high speed line with standard gauge opened. GIF is the infrastructure manager for the new high speed lines and the trains are operated by RENFE, who is also the operator on the conventional network. The first phase of the second high speed line to Barcelona opened in 2003. Based on the success of the first two high speed lines with standard gauge, Spain is aiming at a very ambitious extension of the high speed network, to all parts of the country, as well as to Portugal and France. Until 2007, high speed lines will be built from Madrid on five corridors, to the directions of the Mediterranean, Andalusia, Extremadura, the North and to Barcelona/French border, connecting virtually all important cities in Spain.
Spain
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 39,5 505 78 1970 13.539 Mio. x1000 km Inhabit./km 1975 13.380 1980 13.431 1985 12.710 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 12.560 1995 12.280 1999 12.319 RENFE (Euskotren, FEVE, FGC) RENFE (Euskotren, FEVE, FGC) RENFE (Euskotren, FEVE, FGC) 2000 12.310 3.364 27 6.942 56 2000 899 794 3.701 18.563 2000 33.747 2000 438 18.571 2001 12.310 3.364 27 6.942 56 2001 884 806 3.654 17.941 2001 32.868 2001 467 19.190 2002 12.779 km km % km %
3.075 23 1970 1.288 640 3.904 53.336 1970 85.088 1970 80 164 14.013 50 43 29 9.341 53
3.645 27 1975 1.080 699 3.693 44.290 1975 73.575 1975 84 200 17.570 87 44 36 10.426 88
5.452 41 1980 1.154 637 3.721 40.773 1980 71.547 1980 95 167 13.527 173 42 35 10.528 232
6.200 49 1985 1.380 718 3.990 42.115 1985 66.440 1985 103 198 15.979 332 49 30 11.415 335
6.416 51 1990 1.223 699 3.839 37.687 1990 49.724 1990 120 274 15.476 679 49 26 10.742 332
6.854 56 1995 1.105 751 4.230 29.703 1995 38.958 1995 121 366 15.313 617 40 25 10.011 309
6.959 56 1999 932 778 3.771 26.537 1999 34.537 1999 128 419 18.143 812 40 25 11.465 320
2002 960 804 3.742 16.940 2002 2002 134
26 11.621
25 11.750
Mio. Mio. 19.474 Mio. Mio. EUR 39 Mio. Mio. 11.667 Mio. Mio. EUR
500 23.500 450 21.500 400 19.500 17.500 15.500 13.500 250 11.500 200 9.500 7.500 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km
65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
13.000 12.000 11.000 10.000 9.000 8.000 Tonne-km 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000
350
Tonnes Carried
300
150
Source: UIC database, RENFE
90

Research Institutes Centro para el Desarrollo Tcnologico e Industrial (CEDETI). Centro de Estudios y Experimentacin de Obras Publicas (CEDEX). Escuela Tcnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales. Universidad Complutense de Madrid Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid.
Infrastructure Manager Managing of Infrastructures (GIF). Red Nacional de los Ferrocarrriles Espaoles (RENFE) Ferrocarriles de Via Estrecha (FEVE). www.renfe.es www.feve.es www.gif.es
Ministries Ministry of Fomento: Francisco Alvarez-Cascos Fernandez, the Minister. Undersecretary Ministry the Fomento: Adolfo Menendez Menendez. Secretary of State for of infrastructures: Benigno Blanco. www.mfom.es
Railway Authorities General Directorate of Railways of Ministry of Fomento
Rail operators RENFE, FEVE www.renfe.es www.feve.es
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue
Urban transport operators Madrid: www.metromadrid.es Barcelona: www.tmb.net Valencia: www.metrovalencia.com Bilbao: www.euskotren.es
91

Key vision There is not a dedicated rail research programme. Rail research aspects are included in the National Plan for scientific research, development and technological innovation. The plan is designed to improve Spains scientific and technological level and to help the country to reach in 2003 the 2% of GDP in research investment. More than 50% of the costs of any project in this plan will have to be paid by industry. The plan also intends to support the economic development of Spain (including the transportation sector) and to strengthen the Spanish representation in E.U. projects as well as to strengthen international co-operation, scientific and technological expertise and technology transfers. In this programme, some scientific and technological issues are prioritised as well as sector based issues that may be related to rail, such as: mobility (safety system for vehicles, vehicle recycling, public transportation), energy (energy efficiency, new combustibles), information society (telematics applications, real time information applications) and transportation (safety and signalling, integrated management transportation systems, management of inter-modal terminals and logistic centres) The Spanish National R&D plan regarding land surface transport also covers transport cost analysis (infrastructure pricing, external costs), transport demand studies (simulation models), new financing scheme for infrastructures and public transport, transport planning and sustainable development. The current plan will be completed by the end of the year 2003. Interestingly, the Spanish Ministry of science and technology is drafting a new science and technology plan (2004-2007). The area 13 covers the field of innovation in transport means, which includes railways (together with aeronautic, automobile and maritime). The programmes are horizontally divided in: Intermodality Safety Intelligent Networks Interoperability. Other research themes The policy of investments in infrastructures of the Ministry of Fomento are laid down in the Plan de Infraestructura 2000-07. This Plan has foreseen an investment of more than 40 billion (which is around 50% of the total Spanish infrastructure budget, compared to 30% for road transport) to: Increase demand of the intercity transportation with respect to other transportation means. Make the railway a competitive means of transportation. Increase the number of passengers. Improve the financial result of the railways The Plan de Infraestructuras 2000 2007 will not only develop high speed connections but also improve commuter networks and the conventional network. Relation with the SRRA In the new science and technology plan, clear reference to ERRAC activities and recommendations is made. However, it takes only 2 out of 5 ERRAC clusters onboard (Interoperability and Safety, in addition to Intelligent Networks and Intermodality). Annual resources Over the 2000-2003 periods, the National R&D plan has financed 200 rail research related projects. The total amount of the financing support to these projects totals 160 million. Annex
92
Description of the Spanish rail sector. (Annex 6)
93
27 Fact Sheet Sweden

The Swedish rail network consists of approximately 17 000 kilometres of track, 80 per cent of which belongs to the state rail network (Banverket). Over 18 per cent of the state rail network is permitted for 25 tonnes axle load and over 14 per cent is cleared for the largest loading gauges. Until the end of 1999, SJ operated all train services. After that date, more operators have appeared through the National Public Transport Agencys procurement and the opening of the line between Arlanda airport and Stockholm. Currently (2004), there are some 20 public transport authorities and more than a dozen freight operators. The past 15 years have been characterised by a renewal of spending on new and upgraded lines. Despite the increased investment volumes more than 80 per cent of the network consists of single track. The large single track portion complicates timetabling, traffic control and capacity management. Encouraging for the sector and a motivating factor for further investments in infrastructure and rolling stock is that freight and passenger volumes are now at peak or near peak levels. Among the major infrastructure investments that have been completed with an international and European dimension is the new railway line to Stockholms Arlanda airport (1999) and the combined road and railway bridge between Malm and Copenhagen (2000). A new fleet of rolling stock have begun to phase out the older trains. A significant numbers of new regional and commuter trains have entered service since 2000.
General Information Population (2005) Surface Population density 9,02 Mio. Railway Companies (2004 figures) Infrastructure Managers Banverket, Inlandsbanan AB, A-Train AB, Storstockholms lokaltrafik (SL) 10 undertakings among them SJAB 15 undertakings among them Green Cargo
450 20
x 1000 km Inhabit./km
Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings
Folkmngden 31 december 2005 var 9 047 752 personer. Den gamla siffran fr 2004 borde ha varit 9 011 392. Enligt statistisk rsbok 2007. A-Train AB fr Arlandabanan Storstockholms lokaltrafik fr Roslagsbanan och Saltsjbanan. (Eventuellt skall ven resundsbrokonsortiet vara med (vi har dem med i sektorsrapporten) Tgoperatrer omfattar all som ngon del av ret vara aktiva. Notera att tv operatrer var verksamma med bde person och godstrafik (BK-Tg AB och Ofotenbanen AS) dessa r rapporterade bde som person och godsoperatrer, allts dubbelrknade.
94
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995 10925 740 419 1966 20865 21 649 64 109 6833 599 40 56 18921 485
1999 11044 7 527 75 711 415 1850 19757 17 824 72 129 7701 623 38 52 18503 328
Infrastructure Length of the network km -* 11 361 12006 11745 11193 Of which 2 or more tracks km -* % of 2 or more tracks % -* of which electrified km -* % electrified % -* Rolling Stock Locomotives -* Multiple units -* 340 Total number of coaches -* 2038 Total number of wagons 53 394 51 549 45 890 38 960 26 501 Staff Number of employees** 45 316 10 022 37 544 36 500 28 458 Performance Train-km passengers mil. 63 57 60 64 62 Passengers carried mil. 57 65 77 77 96 Passengers-km mil. 4 591 5 668 6 787 6 586 6600 Passenger traffic revenue mil. 70 105 179 436 540 Train-km freight mil. 44 42 39 41 41 Tonnes carried mil. 63 55 54 53 56 Tonne-km mil. 16 156 14 988 15 914 17 331 18757 Freight traffic revenue mil. 156 205 317 599 427 *Figures not readily available **As from the year 2000 only staff involved in operations of traffic and infrastructure, including administrative staff ***No statistics reported from operators as from the year 2000
95

Contractors/Engineering Firms EU Liaison office
EU-R&D Council promotes and co-ordinates the Swedish participation in the EU-R&D framework programmes. The Council is the National Contact Point, NCP, for the framework programme and is responsible for the information dissemination in Sweden. www.eufou.se
Ministries Research Institutes

SP, Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Transport Technology. _ TFK (Transport Reasearch Institute), an independent transport research institute. _ Railway Group KTH (centre for research and education in railway engineering). _ Lule Railway Research Center _ VTI (the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) -CHARMEC is a Competence Centre, in Railway Mechanics, established at Chalmers University of Technology. www.sp.se www.tfk.se web.kth.se/fakulteter/centra/jarnvag www.jvtc.luth.se www.vinnova.se www.vti.se www.charmec.chalmers.se
The overall aim of the Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communications is to create conditions for improved welfare and increased employment. Sweden is to have satisfactory and lasting economic growth that is compatible with ecological, social and cultural development. This growth is to be based upon more and expanding companies with a high level of know-how, an efficiently functioning labour market and an effective system for communications. The focus is to be on the interests of both companies and individuals. naring.regeringen.se
Railway Authorities
_ Rikstrafiken (The National Public Transport Agency) coordinates long-distance travel, its brief is to foster a coordinated long-term collective transport system which makes the best use of the country's resources, is environmentally friendly and operates in the best interest of travellers. _ The Swedish Railway Agency seeks to maintain and improve the level of safety within all Swedish rail traffic - railroads, street trolley systems and subways. www.rikstrafiken.se www.jvs.se
Banverket is the authority responsible for rail traffic in Sweden. It follows and conducts development in the railway sector, assists Parliament and the Government with railway issues. It is responsible for the operation and management of state track installations, coordinates the local, regional and inter-regional railway services, and provides support for research and development in the rail sector. www.banverket.se
Provinces/Regions Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators

See: www.tagoperatorerna.se
Sweden is divided into 21 counties, each of which has its own County Administration and County Governor. The County Administrations function as representatives of the state in their respective counties, and as links between the inhabitants, the municipal authorities, the Central Government, the Swedish Parliament and the central state authorities. Each County Administration also has its own website where you can read more about individual counties. www.lst.se/english/index.htm
Freight Customers Urban transport operators
Passenger Revenue
Stockholm: www.sl.se Gothenburg: 254Hwww.vasttrafik.se Malmo : 255Hwww.skanetrafiken.se Norrkoping : www.ostgotatrafiken.se
96

Key Vision The Swedish states vision with the railway research is that it will help to promote the national transport policy objectives. These high level objectives says that the rail system should strive to achieve an accessible railway system, with high service quality, that is safe, respects high environmental standards and is gender equal. Other research themes
Banverket underpins the vision with a new research programme for the railway sector. The programme is running from the period 2006-2011. The program has three areas that deal with different parts of the railway system. The programme covers the whole system which means that research needs other than those of Banverket are also funded. Compared with the previous programme, emphasis is placed on implementation of knowledge in products, services, standards and demonstrations. Special focus is placed on the following topics: Higher axle loads and speeds for freight traffic, methods for network management and traffic control, goods and logistics, seamless door to door passenger journeys including light rail and metro systems. Work is being done to study a future Swedish high speed network. This network will also include higher speeds 200-250 km/h on new or upgraded mixed traffic lines. Banverket has a vehicle research programme together with the industry called Green Train or Grona Taget in Swedish. The aim of the programme is to come up with a specification of an energy efficient, track and environmentally friendly, train that complies with European TSI legislation. This vehicle research programme will run from 20062011 in its first phase. More information about Grona Taget can be found at the www.gronataget.se . Relation with the SRRA Banverkets research programme has taken great care to include the priorities in the SRRA. Banverket wants to cooperate with other European stakeholders in research projects of common European interest. Annual resources Banverket annually spends between 9 million and 10 million in R&D. The research is supported by some strategic research platforms : railway group/KTH (track-vehicle system, user perspective), Charmec (noise, vibrations, wheel-rail, material developpment), Uppsala university (traffic control, high voltage). These platforms are also to some extent co-financed with other stakeholders suc as Vinnova and the industry.
97
28 Fact Sheet United Kingdom

The UK rail network was privatized in 1993 resulting in a largely single organisation being split up into over 100 companies. The network consists of 20.000 miles of track and 2.500 stations, of which 16 Major Stations are operated by the Infrastructure Manager, the other ones are operated by the respective railway undertakings. Currently, there are some 30 railway undertakings and 8 freight operators operating the services on different parts of the network. The passenger operators are usually working under a franchise agreement, which runs between 1 and 20 years. This is a contract between central government and the operator for the provision of public rail services. There are also a smaller number of open access operators who provide services on a purely commercial basis and without the possibility of public subsidy. The Channel Tunnel Rail Link is the first major new railway line in the UK for over a century. The first phase is now in operation and the second phase will follow in 2007. The other major project concerns upgrades of existing lines, of which the West Coast Main Line and the Cross Country Network are underway and the East Coast Main Line and Thameslink 2000 and Crossrail are planned. These last two are to improve cross London rail services.
98
United Kingdom
General Information Population Surface Population Density Infrastructure Length of the Network Of which 2 or more tracks % 2 or more tracks Of which electrified % electrified Rolling stock Locomotives Multiple Units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km Passengers Passengers Carried Passenger-km Pass. Traffic Revenue (to be checked) Train-km Freight Tonnes Carried Tonne-km Freight Traffic Revenue (to be checked) 59,8 244 245 1970 18.989 Mio. x1000 km Inhabit./km 1975 18.118 1980 17.735 1985 16.803 Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway Undertakings Freight Railway Undertakings 1990 16.588 1995 16.666 1999 16.649 Network Rail ATOC 2000 16.652 2001 15.991 2002 km km % km % 2002
3.162 17 1970 4.489 5.021 18.828

389.807
3.655 20 1975 2.804 4.528 17.536

235.100
3.718 21 1980 2.566 2.886 16.970

141.170
3.798 23 1985 2.247 3.082 14.252 57.750 1985

178.420
4.546 27 1990 2.227 3.383 12.451 34.403 1990

135.321
5.163 31 1995 600 8.314 1995

101.483
5.166 31 1999
5.167 31 2000 296 1.841
4.930 31 2001 946 8.255 10.096 2001 2001 959 38.600
1970
274.259
1975
253.765
1980
241.882
1999 1999 947 38.300
2000 2000 961 39.800
2002 2002 Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. EUR Mio. Mio. Mio. Mio. EUR
1970 331 824 30.409 388 121 202 24.550 336
1975 345 715 30.256 623 90 176 20.986 481
1980 343 760 31.700 1.398 88 155 17.816 884
1985 323 686 30.256 1.937 70 141 17.200 909
1990 373 762 33.191 2.989 60 139 16.300 1.131
1995 372 719 29.216 3.412 101 12.537 723
103 18.400
95 18.300
94 19.700
1.000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
50.000
210
42.000
45.000
190
37.000
170 40.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km 35.000 130
150
27.000 Tonne-km 22.000
30.000
110
17.000
25.000
90 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
12.000
99

Contractors No information EU Liaison office No information
Research Institutes The Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) conducting rail safety related research. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funds engineering and science in rail research and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funds economic analysis related to railways although little work in this area has been undertaken recently, EPSRC has formed a virtual rail research center (Rail Research UK) comprising of a number of universities To co-ordinate research within the new industry structure, the Advisory Group on Rail Research and Innovation (AGGRI) was formed, comprising the main stakeholders in the rail industry, suppliers, contractors and government together with research funders. Although AGRRI has no budget or formal authority, it provides valuable input into the identification of research needs and in making the link between the research need and the available public money for research. Many UK companies have R&D facilities that serve the rail industry. The main one is AEA Technology Rail, they conduct contract research for others. Other companies with research capability are Pandrol, Corus Rail, QinetiQ and Interfleet Technologies. www.rssb.co.uk www.epsrc.ac.uk www.esrc.ac.uk www.railresearchuk.org.uk www.riagb.org.uk/agrri.htm www.aeat.co.uk/rail Infrastructure Manager Network Rail www.networkrail.co.uk Rail operators See: www.sra.gov.uk/passengers/tocs.tt2 ww.sra.gov.uk/freight/freight_operating_companies.tt2
Ministries The relevant ministry for transport is the Department for Transport which covers all transport matters. The Office of Science and Technology (OST, a part of the Department for Trade and Industry, DTi) is responsible for science policy in the UK. www.dft.gov.uk www.ost.gov.uk
Railway Authorities For railways the Strategic Rail Authority is the main government agency that deals with rail, it issues Train Operating Companies with a franchise to run services. In addition to this, the Office of the Rail Regulator is the economic regulator for the infrastructure manager and the Health and Safety Executive, through Her Majestys Rail Inspectorate, is the safety regulator. www.sra.gov.uk www.rail-reg.gov.uk www.hse.gov.uk/railways
Freight Customers
Passenger Revenue Provinces/Regions No information
Urban transport operators London: www.tfl.gov.uk Birmingham: www.centro.org.uk Glasgow: www.spt.co.uk Newcastle: www.tyneandwearmetro.co.uk Manchester: www.gmpte.com
100

Key Vision In 2007 the Department of Transport will publish three documents that the future direction for the British Rail network. Two of these, the High Level Output Statement and the Statement of Funds available will determine the outputs and funding requirements for the network over the five year period 2009-2014. As well as these the Department will publish a forward strategic vision for the British railway and a technical strategy. This will set out the role of the railway in delivering British transport requirements and the future requirements for passenger and freight transport.. The technical strategy will set out how the industry and government will rise to the technical challenges that derive from the strategy. These are two fold. Firstly how to deliver extra capacity on the network to meet rising demand for rail travel (predicted to increase by 30% in the next 10 years) and secondly how to reduce the cost of the railway. The department has already published a research strategy (www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_railways/documents/page/dft_railways_612332.pdf) Rail Research UK Rail Research UK is a consortium of UK universities who specialise in rail research. Their current areas of focus are: Engineering Interfaces: Appraisal of Track/sub-base performance using modern instrumentation and geotechnical principles, Predicting the life of various grades of steel railway track, Railway Noise: curve squeal, roughness growth, friction and wear. Whole System Performance: Decision Support System for Dynamic Re-scheduling under Disturbance, Assessment of Requirements for Human Factors Integration Across the Railway System, Human Factors Modelling of Driver and Signaller/Controller Behaviour in Train Operations, Development of System Level Cost Framework for Assessment of Sub-System Trade Offs, International Benchmarking. Users, Community and Environment: Train Environment Simulator for Optimising Passenger Comfort, Delivery of User Needs, Future Role of Rail in Integrated Transport Policy. In addition to the New Rail at Newcastle University are active in rail research. RSSB The Rail Safety and Standards Board is responsible for a budget of 13million per annum. The RSSB R&D programme carries out research and development on industry-wide issues and in support of the development of strategy, for the national rail network of Great Britain. Industry-wide R&D addresses three main categories of issue: (A) (B) (C) Interface issues, ie improving the shared understanding of interfaces, and agreeing the actions needed to manage them. System issues, ie improving understanding of how the whole railway behaves and the interactions of its constituent parts. Other issues that individual companies cannot address on their own. This includes the identification and spreading of good practice.
101
Strategy Support R&D supports the development of the future vision of the railways and assesses how that can and should be delivered. It supports policy decisions as to the balance between the railway that government and public want, and what they can afford; it is instrumental in managing the public policy risks associated with making high-level decisions about the railway. Types of R&D The term research and development is regarded as including the following: (1) (2) (3) (4) Developing models and other decision support tools Improving understanding of, and developing the means of controlling, all types of business risk Investigating the performance of railway systems, technologies, and people, and identifying the means of improving that performance Carrying out concept and feasibility studies for new or improved technologies, and developing new tools and processes to the point where they can be taken up by other parties on a commercial basis Identifying good practice, and developing the means of promulgating it Developing improved mechanisms for the management and communication of knowledge Developing improved mechanisms for communicating and engaging with the industrys stakeholders Carrying out horizon scanning, foresight, and scenario planning studies
(5) (6) (7) (8)
Relation with the SRRA The SRRA reflects all of the main issues that the British rail network faces and as such all UK rail research has a direct linkage to at least one part of the SRRA. None of the training initiatives has any specific link to research or the SRRA. Annual resources (See above:) Prior to 1993 British Rail maintained a research department with an annual budget of 5 million. Annexes For further details of academic research please see www.railresearchUK.org.uk and www.ncl.ac.uk/newrail/ The website www.rail.co.uk gives links to many of the organizations active in the UK rail industry. The Department for Transport www.dft.gov.uk website gives information on their 10-year transport plan and other relevant strategies and policies. The RSSB website www.rssb.co.uk gives details of the anticipated research programme and the details of research reports produced to date. The strengths and weaknesses of the UK rail research community were analysed for a report for the Department for Transport in 2001 which can be found at http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_control/documents/contentservertemplate/dft_index. hcst?n=6193&l=1. The Strategic Rail Authority commissioned a study in 2000 of the research papers relevant to rail in the preceding few years. A database of 250 titles and this has been made available to ERRAC.
102
29 Fact Sheet Romania

The length of railway network is 10,882 km, of which 2,707 km is double track and 3,292 km is electrified track The electrification system for traction power supply is 24 KV with 50 Hz. The total track length of the railway infrastructure operated amounts to 20,730 km, of which 13,807 km represents running track and direct lines and 6,923.611 km represents station lines. As far as the property regime is concerned, there are: 17,535 km of public infrastructure administrated by CFR and 3,197 km of private infrastructure owned by CFR. The infrastructure is classified as interoperable and non-interoperable. The non-interoperable infrastructure mainly consists of the local insufficient used lines, of reduced importanceOn the CFR SA network, there are operated 29,541 equivalent points and switches, of which 20,868 belong to the public infrastructure and 8,672 belong to the private railway infrastructure. The following equipment ensures the safety operation of the railway: 8 electronic interlocking systems, 637 electrodynamics centralised station systems, 577 automatic signalling block systems for running track and 1073 automatic level crossing signalling systems On the railway network there are 18,164 bridges and culverts having a total length of 144 km, of which 5,055 have a metallic superstructure, 365 have pre-compressed concrete superstructure, the other being of concrete, concrete steel or stone walling, respectively bricks. The length of the railway beds amounts to 13,030 km in operation, whereas the 177 railway tunnels amount to a total length of 60 km. Currently the trains traffic control on CFRs network is performed by 23 traffic regulators (TR) coordinated at regional level by 8 Regional Traffic Regulators (RTR) and at central level by the Central Office for Railway Traffic Control (CORTC) within the Traffic Directorate. The activity in TR is ensured by human traffic operators, having subordinated several traffic sections controlled by received information and by orders to the stations signalmen (there are a total of 995 stations on network). The traffic data are transmitted by the station by phone or by means of informational applications of IRIS system (Integrated Railway Informational System) implemented in 301 stations, at 18 TR, at all RTR and at CORTC. CFR suspends the circulation during night-time.
Rumania
General Information Population 22,4 Surface 238 Population density 97,7 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings CFR S.A. CFR Clori CFR Marf, GFR, CTV, UNIFERTRANS, SERVTRANS
1970 ELECTRIFIED NETWORK TOTAL 494 11012
1975 1296 11039
1980 2367 11110
1985 3194 11192
1990 3721 11348
1995 3866 11376
2000 3929 11364
2001
2002
2003
2004 7858 21688
2005
2006
3929 3929 3929 11364 11364 10882
3978 3978 10781 10781
103
NETWORK LOCS 0 0 0 0 0 4311 0 0 3397 1932 1864 1937 1891 MULTIPLE UNITS 0 0 0 0 0 139 0 0 197 204 207 229 260 COACHES 0 0 5579 6119 6352 6082 6234 6245 5467 3629 6814 3310 3380 WAGONS 0 0 0 0 0 140961 106093 85558 89212 60866 109850 55137 52370 STAFF 172153 176956 189324 198312 0 148653 104795 101418 87911 78274 66130 66973 66436 PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES 59043 67015 97058 85593 86764 81097 67500 67911 65448 66510 137063 65063 67899 FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES 70934 89491 71139 71305 63642 41272 29752 29334 30655 29126 54549 55590 22500 PASSENGERS 259987 302084 347918 460341 407931 210739 117501 113719 95618 94780 197350 91679 93201 PKM 17793 22380 23220 31082 30582 18879 11632 10965 8502 8497 10778 12361 8049 TONNES 166758 225086 270779 279256 216912 104274 71362 71731 68043 71337 65968 153829 59267 TKM 42702 56972 64421 63724 48540 24041 16401 15899 14867 14647 15234 15411 13248
104

Ministries Research Institutes Government of Romania Ministry of Transports www.mt.ro/engleza/index_eng.html
Railway Authorities Romanian Railway Authority - AFER
Infrastructure Manager CFR S.A. 137Hwww.cfr.ro/CFR_new/infrastructura.htm
RRSA ROMANIAN RAILWAY SAFETY AUTHORITY RRNB ROMANIAN RAILWAY NOTIFIED BODY RRIB ROMANIAN RAILWAY INVESTIGATING BODY RRLB ROMANIAN RAILWAY LICENSING BODY
Provinces/Regions Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators CFR Mafr 135Hwww.cfrmarfa.cfr.ro/english.html CFR Ctlori 136Hwww.cfr.ro/calatori/engleza/index_eng.html
Passenger Revenue
93HAlba, 94HArad, 95HArge, 96HBacu, 97HBihor, 98HBistria-Nsud, 99HBotoani, 100HBrila, 101HBraov, 102HBuzu, 103HCara-Severin, 104HClrai, 105HCluj, 106HConstana, 107HCovasna, 108HDmbovia, 109HDolj, 110HGalai, 111HGiurgiu, 112HGorj, 113HHarghita, 114HHunedoara, 115HIalomia, 116HIai, 117HIlfov, 118HMaramure, 119HMehedini, 120HMure, 121HNeam, 122HOlt, 123HPrahova, 124HSlaj, 125HSatu Mare, 126HSibiu, 127HSuceava, 128HTeleorman, 129HTimi, 130HTulcea, 131HVlcea,
105

Key vision no information Other research themes no information Relation with the SRRA no information Annual resources no information
106
30 Fact Sheet Bulgaria

Characterisation of the railway sector
Bulgaria has a strategic geographical position in Europe. There are four pan-European transport corridors, running through the country. Situated in Eastern Europe, Bulgaria is an important connection between Central Europe and Turkey along corridor N 8 and after the opening of the new tunnel under the Bosporus this position will be strengthened. The Corridor N4 will be a direct connection to the other EU member states after the construction ofthe new Danube-bridge. Two big projects are foreseen in connection with these corridors the Electrification and reconstruction of railway line Plovdiv-Svilengrad and the Reconstruction of railway line Mezdra-Vidin As being a new member of the European Union since the beginning of 2007 Bulgaria started upgrading the traditional international northwest-bound railway connections. The main part of the Bulgarian rail network is managed and operated by BDZ EAD as an integrated railway company. The railway infrastructure activities are carried out by the National Company Railway Infrastructure. There are two small private railway companies BULMARKET and Bulgarian Railway Company (BZK) Future infrastructure investments will mainly focus on the Pan-European corridors running through Bulgaria and include the modernization of infrastructure, upgrading works and installation of ERTMS-level 2. Bulgaria
General Information Population 7.3 Surface 111 Population density 70 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings
1970 Infrastructure Length of the network of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives Multiple units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km passengers Passengers carried Passengers-km mil. mil. mil. 24 323 106 082 6 224 29 553 103 926 7 569 30 300 100 011 7 055 34 100 105 429 7 785 35 261 102 399 7 793 30 754 58 939 4 693 25 086 50 029 3 472 22 254 33748 2389 54 037 57 366 73 200 74 449 81 890 49 224 39 024 33 642 380 62 1 762 33 850 673 176 1 892 31 288 899 220 2 441 37 272 971 218 2 327 42 370 1019 194 2 386 42 459 870 174 2 190 38 804 680 164 2 099 29 720 580 178 1489 12 661 km km % 4196 811 19.3 4290 1326 30.9 4341 1494 34.4 4297 2270 52.8 4299 2640 61.4 4294 2656 61.9 4320 2744 63.5 4029 2880 72 1975 1980 1985
NC RI BDZ BDZ, BULMARKET, BZK
1990
1995
2000
2005
107
Passenger traffic revenue Train-km freight Tonnes carried Tonne-km Freight traffic revenue Data for BDZ-operator+ NRIC (staf)
mil. mil. mil. mil. mil.
24 315 66 315 13 536 -
27 007 78 219 17 122 -
27 200 76 950 17 491 -
28 400 81 853 17 950 -
23 935 61 648 13 723 -
16 824 32 791 8 560 -
74 10 950 21 076 5 537 120
75 12 562 20 707 5 165 153
108

Contractors/Engineering Firms EU Liaison office The European Commission Representation office in Bulgaria www.europa.bg
State enterprise Transport construction and rehabilitation 285Hwww.tsv-bg.com Transsistem Ltd. 286Hwww.transsisten-bg.com Transfer Ltd
Research Institutes Sofia Technical University-www.tu-sofia.bg High Transport School Todor Kableshkov www.vtu.bg
Ministries Ministry of Transport www.mt.government.bg
Railway Authority National Agency Railway Administration www.mt.government.bg Infrastructure Manager
National Company Railway infrastructure www.rail-infra.bg

256HBlagoewgrad (), 257HBurgas (), 258HChaskowo (), 259HDobritsch (), 260HGabrowo (), 261HJambol (), 262HKardschali (), 263HKjustendil (), 264HLowetsch (), 265HMontana (), 266HPasardschik (), 267HPernik (), 268HPlewen (), 269HPlowdiw (), 270HRasgrad (), 271HRusse (), 272HSchumen (), 273HSilistra (), 274HSliwen (), 275HSmoljan (), 276HSofia Region ( ), 277HSofia Stadt ( - ), 278HStara Sagora (), 279HTargowischte (), 280HWarna (), 281HWeliko Tarnowo
BDZ www.bdz.bg BULMARKET

284Hwww.bulmarket.bg
BZK www.bzk.bg
Freight Customers Urban transport operators No Passenger Revenue
109

Key vision Reconstruction of the existing railway lines on main transport corridors for speed u100-160 km/h
Other research themes Introduction of ERTMS level 2
Relation with the SRRA No information Annual resources For integrated railways about 4 % from the total finances of BAZ has been separated for research activity. It is more difficult to specify the resources now, but for BDZ EAD they are about 1%, approximately about EURO 2,5 million on expert estimation.
110
31 Fact Sheet Serbia

Characterisation of the railway sector
The railway network had been made up of five different gauge systems: 0.600 m, 0.750 m, 0.760 m, 1 m and 1.435 m. Until the beginning of the 90s, 3000 kilometres of the railways have been built on the territory of SFRJ. Huge infrastructure projects brought the connection of the most important port towns on the Adriatic coast, and one of the greatest civil-engineering undertakings of that time was the construction of railway line Belgrade Bar. This line was opened to traffic 1976, and it was 476 kilometres long, with 234 bridges and 254 tunnels of the total length 130 kilometres. Breakdown of the state, economic crises and sanction of international union during 90s, and then the bombing were Serbian railways suffered a great damage, all slowed down the further railway development, bringing down the activities to elementary infrastructure maintenance and minimum of traffic. In spite of difficult times, capital projects on railway infrastructure begun: Belgrade centre, including one modern semi-metro station "Vuk Monument", operation since 1995, and a new passenger station "Belgrade Centre", which is in the phase of construction, expecting to be finalized till 2009. In 2006, special international railway truck carrying set, famous "Ro-La" Train, for the first time was operating on Serbian railways from Turkish town Halkali to Austrian town Vels on Corridor 10 through Serbia. "
Serbia
General Information Population Surface Population density 9,4 88 106 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings ZRS ZRS ZRS
1970 ELECTRIFIED NETWORK TOTAL NETWORK LOCS MULTIPLE UNITS COACHES WAGONS STAFF PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES PASSENGERS PKM TONNES TKM
1975
1980
1985 682 944
1990 751 944
1995 751 1032
2000 690 943
2001 779 1032
20 23886 3123
300 2664 7113 1850 647 1330 47 4215 214
302 2917 6585 2019 903 1287 53 4688 264
2002 779 1032 169 14 246 3468 7009 2143 904 1088 53 5227 293
2003 779 1033 169 14 248 4177 7143 2345 1026 1096 55 5934 312
2004 746 1000
2005 746 1000
6815
1742
1715
1409
18964 1644 31828 5037
13171 1382 28253 4009
2836 63 1010 16
1042 53 7912 612
3413
4008
4389
1169 57 1202 4 1176
Data for the ancient Yugoslavia and Serbia
111
Institutional framework
Ministries Research Institutes
Ministry of Transport and Communications

www.vladars.net/en/min/msv.html
Railway Authorities
SERBIAN RAILWAYS eleznice Srbije www.serbianrailways.com
SERBIAN RAILWAYS eleznice Srbije www.serbianrailways.com
324HSeverna Baka, 325HJuna Baka, 326HZapadna Baka, 327HSeverni Banat, 328HSrednji Banat, 329HJuni Banat, 330HSrem
Passenger Revenue
112

Key vision 1. THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTION OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS ACHIEVING AS HIGH COMPATIBILITY AS POSSIBLE WITH THE EU TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND EUROPE AS A WHOLE, BY ACHIEVING OPERABILITY IN THE WIDEST SENSE OF THE WORD ACHIEVEMENT OF AS HIGH TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY AS POSSIBLE, TOGETHER WITH AS LOW TRANSPORT COSTS AS POSSIBLE ACHIEVEMENT OF AS HIGH LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCEPTABILITY OF TRANSPORT SECTOR AS POSSIBLE 2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE RAILWAY 2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATE AND THE RAILWAY IN PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT AND ARRANGEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL/LEGAL, FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE RAILWAY DURING THE PERIOD UP TO 2007 AND ONWARDS SHOULD BE PLACED IN REALISTIC FRAMEWORKS CONSISTING OF: THE OVERALL STATUS, ABILITIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATE IN THE PROCESS OF OVERALL REVITALIZATION AND TRANSITION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR REVITALIZATION OF THE RAILWAY'S FUNCTION AND ITS INTEGRATION INTO THE TRANSITION PROCESS AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FRAMEWORK 2.2. RESCHEDULING OF RAILWAY DEBTS THE PROBLEM OF HIGH RTE "BEOGRAD'S DEBTS TO FOREIGN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND FOREIGN RAILWAY ADMINISTRATIONS THIS WILL BE SETTLED IN SEVERAL STEPS THE RAILWAY WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESOLVE THIS PROBLEM WITHOUT THE HELP AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE OWNER (THE STATE) 2.3. RTE "BEOGRAD" STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES IN THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT THE ADJUSTMENT TO CONDITIONS OF THE COMMON EUROPEAN MARKET IMPOSES A NEED FOR INTEGRATION OF OUR NATIONAL RAILWAY NETWORK TO THE NETWORKS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ELIMINATION OF BOTTLE-NECKS STRENGTHENING OF TRAFFIC LINKS BETWEEN MAJOR SETTLEMENTS IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSIT CONDITIONS, FIRST OF ALL THROUGH INCREASED SPEEDS IN FREIGHT TRANSPORT, INCREASED SPEEDS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT, WITH REDUCED STOPPING TIME, FIRST OF ALL IN BORDER STATIONS, SHORTENING OF FREIGHT HANDLING OPERATIONS, AND EXPANSION OF COMBINED TRANSPORT WITH THE MINIMUM IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND WITH REASONABLE INVESTMENTS Other research themes No information
113
Relation with the SRRA No information
Annual resources (for research) 2003 2004 2005 2006 450 Mio. 300 Mio no information no information
114
31 Fact Sheet Switzerland

Switzerland has got a dense railway network with very frequent passenger and freight services. The national network is used by a mix of passenger and freight trains with international connections to France, Italy, Austria and Germany. As being situated in Central Europe the country is a core piece of European freight corridors North-South. The new Ltschberg tunnel being Europes first high-speed alp transit tunnel will allow fast passenger and freight rail service after the opening in 2007. The new tunnel gives also more capacity. The new Gotthard-Tunnel (57 km) will be opened in 2018. Unlike other countries new nationwide high speed lines do not have priority. The Bahn 2000 concept was developed in the years 1980-1985 to increase the attractiveness of rail transport and to reduce travel times. This concepts main task and intention was to create a network of rail-hubs with services running in between with the maximum duration of one hour and a top speed of 200 km/h. Between 1985 and 2003, the amount of railway passenger-kilometers in Switzerland increased by 55%, while the growth of the individual road traffic over the same period was only 25%. This is the result of a combination of investments for rail, increased operational excellence and a good marketing strategy.
Switzerland
General Information Population 7,5 Surface 41 Mio. x 1000 km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings (normal track gauge 1.435 m)
Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB FFS AG BLS AG Sdostbahn AG CIS Cisalpino AG Regional undertakings
CFF
Population density
180,7
Inhabit./km
Freight undertakings
Railway
BLS Cargo AG Rail4Chem Transalpin AG Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB Cargo AG TX Logistik GmbH CR Crossrail AG
1990 1995 2000 2005
1970 Infrastructure Length of lines of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock km km % ? ? ? ? ? ?
1975
1980
1985
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
3158 3158 100
115
Locomotives Multiple units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km passengers Passengers carried Passengers-km Passenger traffic revenue Train-km freight Tonnes carried Tonne-km Freight traffic revenue mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil.
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
1713 485 4293 10967
27805
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
143 306 472
69050 11394
116

Research Institutes Switzerland has no specialised Rail Research Institutes. The Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT) is part of the 167HSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) in Zurich. It is divided into three groups: 168HPublic Transport, 169HPrivate Transport and 170HTransport Planning. The core activities of the group Public Transport are rail transport and rail technology.
Ministries Eidgenssisches Departement fr Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK 166Hwww.uvek.admin.ch
Railway Authorities Bundesamt fr Verkehr BAV www.bav.admin.ch Infrastructure Manager SBB Infrastruktur 165Hwww.sbb.ch BLS Infrastruktur www.bls.ch
Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB, Chemins de fer fdraux CFF, Ferrovie federali svizzere FFS 164Hwww.sbb.ch BLS AG www.bls.ch
Provinces/Regions 138HZrich, 139HBern, 140HLuzern, 141HUri, 142HSchwyz, 143HObwalden, 144HNidwalden, 145HGlarus, 146HZug, 147HFreiburg, 148HSolothurn, 149HBaselStadt, 150HBasel-Landschaft, 151HSchaffhausen, 152HAppenzell Ausserrhoden, 153HAppenzell Innerrhoden, 154HSt. Gallen, 155HGraubnden, 156HAargau, 157HThurgau, 158HTessin, 159HWaadt, 160HWallis, 161HNeuenburg, 162HGenf, 163HJura,
Passenger Revenue
117

Key vision The key visions for the next 10 years are the transition to ERTMS and improvements of rail transport in urban and suburban areas. New important railway urban and suburban lines are: Zurich: Cross City Link Zurich: New underground station Lwenstrasse at the Zurich main station, new tunnel from this through-station to Oerlikon. Geneva: Cornavin Eaux-Vives Annemasse (CEVA) rail link. The CEVA project, which involves the construction of 4.8 kilometres of subterranean rail track, will provide a link between two existing lines: Geneva Cornavin La Praille and Geneva Eaux-Vives Annemasse. It will thus complete a network originally designed in the 19th century. FMV: Ferrovia Lugano - Mendrisio - Varese: This project is part of the regional railway plan for the Canton of Ticino in Switzerland and the Lombardia region of Italy. About 600,000 people live in this border area. The project involves a cross-border connection between Ticino and Varese. This will give passengers direct services between Lugano and Malpensa Airport while also connecting Ticino with western Switzerland and Bern via the Simplon-Ltschberg route. The entire section between Mendrisio and Varese will be 17.7 kilometers in length. Switzerland finances the new infrastructure on its territory (= ca. 30 %), Italy finances ca. 70% (corresponding to the new infrastructure in Italy)
These three projects are joint projects of the SBB and the Cantons Zurich, Geneva and Ticino. The part SBB is financed by the Confederation, mainly through the new Fund for Urban Transport, Motorway Network and Peripheral Regions, voted by Parliament in October 2006.. There are no specific Swiss rail research strategies. Other research themes Switzerland participates in the European Rail Research. Relation with the SRRA The SRRA 2007 is not published yet. Annual resources n. a.
118
32 Fact Sheet Croatia

Croatia operates a mixed passenger and freight railway system mostly south and eastbound. Due to geographical reasons the very South of the country can be reached by rail via Bosnia-Herzegovina only. Therefore the line via Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Croatian port of Ploce has been upgraded since the year 2002. The upgrade comprises a renewal of the permanent way, maintenance of stations and bridges and the installation of a new signalling system. The main network is powered by mixed AC and DC system which makes time consuming traction changes necessary on some routes. The Croatian rail network system is part of two Pan-European Corridors (V and X) connecting Western Europe with Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey as well as Italy with Ukraine via Slovenia and Hungary. Croatia
General Information Population 4,5 Surface 56 Population density 78 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings HZ HZ HZ
1970 ELECTRIFIED NETWORK TOTAL NETWORK LOCS MULTIPLE UNITS COACHES WAGONS STAFF PASSENGER TRAIN KILOMETRES FREIGHT TRAIN KILOMETRES PASSENGERS PKM TONNES TKM 539 2411
1975 701 2407
1980 714 2437
1985 834 2441
1990 844 2429
1995 796 2296 440 96 798 11543 21812 15641 4856 17455 943 14459 1971
2000 983 2726
2001 983 2726
2002 983 2726 299 97 681 8774 16077 17394 6296 36239 1195 11982 2420
2003 983 2726 298 95 640 7920 14905 17148 6790 35980 1163 13284 2745
2004 984 2726 287 101 617 7376 14759 17075 6880 36747 1213 13707 2733
200
1062 32783
961 35552
1038 39795 19545 15710 44596 3619 42601 7561
1150
1052
42426 39456 22949 22027 16284 13791 49389 40248 4063 3429 44434 35607 8674 6494
720 9986 18535 16615 5485 17611 996 11053 1928
698 9456 18170 16954 5899 36964 1240 11964 2249
98 272 27 9 57 733 1415
1837
55000 3732 38000 5676
48000 3505 40000 6334
769 3984 126 1583 310
119

Ministries Research Institutes Ministarstvo mora, turizma, prometa I razvitka Ministery of the SEA, Tourism, Tranport and Development 171Hwww.mmtpr.hr
Railway Authorities
Hrvatske eljeznice www.hznet.hr
Provinces/Regions Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators Zagrebaka upanija, Krapinsko-zagorska upanija, Sisako-moslavaka upanija, Karlovaka upanija, Varadinska upanija, Koprivniko-krievaka upanija, Bjelovarskobilogorska upanija, Primorsko-goranska upanija, Liko-senjska upanija, Virovitikopodravska upanija, Poeko-slavonska upanija, Brodsko-posavska upanija, Zadarska upanija, Osjeko-baranjska upanija, ibensko-kninska upanija, Vukovarskosrijemska upanija, Splitsko-dalmatinska upanija, Istarska upanija, Dubrovakoneretvanska upanija, Meimurska upanija, Grad Zagreb
Hrvatske Zeljeznice www.hznet.hr
Passenger Revenue
120

Key vision no information
Other research themes no information
Relation with the SRRA no information
Annual resources no information
121
34 Fact Sheet Turkey

The Ankara-Istanbul High Speed Train Project, which is amongst the biggest projects implemented by the Ministry of Transportation, is aimed to decrease the travel time between Ankara and Istanbul as the biggest cities of the country and to create a fast, secure, and comfortable mode of transportation. A further important project for the country is the Ankara-Konya high-speed line The country plays a strategic role with its geographical position between the Middle East and the European Union. Long distance freight trains are connecting the ports of Antwerp/Rotterdam, the Ruhr industrial areas and the port of Istanbul and its hinterland. Due to this fact long-time waterborne transport can be partly dispended.
Turkey
General Information Population 70,4 Surface 779 Population density 88,25 Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km Railway Companies Infrastructure Managers Pass. Railway undertakings Freight Railway undertakings
1970 Infrastructure Length of the network of which electrified % electrified Rolling Stock Locomotives Multiple units Total number of coaches Total number of wagons Staff Number of employees Performance Train-km passengers Passengers carried Passengers-km Passenger traffic revenue Train-km freight Tonnes carried Tonne-km Freight traffic revenue mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. mil. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 18 8939 76 5036 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30991 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 600 316 996 16102 km km % ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8697 1920 22 1975 1980 1985
TCDD TCDD TCDD
1990
1995
2000
2005
122

Contractors/Engineering Firms ? EU Liaison office ?
Research Institutes ?
Ministries ?
Railway Authorities ?
Infrastructure Manager TCDD www.tcdd.gov.tr
Provinces/Regions Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators TCDD www.tcdd.gov.tr

172HAdana, 173HAdyaman, 174HAfyonkarahisar, 175HAr, 176HAmasya, 177HAnkara, 178HAntalya, 179HArtvin, 180HAydn, 181HBalkesir, 182HBilecik, 183HBingl, 184HBitlis, 185HBolu, 186HBurdur, 187HBursa, 188Hanakkale, 189Hankr, 190Horum, 191HDenizli, 192HDiyarbakr, 193HEdirne, 194HElaz, 195HErzincan, 196HErzurum, 197HEskiehir, 198HGaziantep, 199HGiresun, 200HGmhane, 201HHakkari, 202HHatay, 203HIsparta, 204HMersin, 205Hstanbul, 206Hzmir, 207HKars, 208HKastamonu, 209HKayseri, 210HKrklareli, 211HKrehir, 212HKocaeli, 213HKonya, 214HKtahya, 215HMalatya, 216HManisa, 217HKahramanmara, 218HMardin, 219HMula, 220HMu, 221HNevehir,
Passenger Revenue
123

Key vision no information Other research themes no information Relation with the SRRA no information Annual resources no information
124
Conclusions
Comparing the country fact sheets to the SRRA, a number of conclusions can be drawn. These conclusions will be divided into two sections, one concerning the structure of the national research programmes and one concerning their contents, compared to the contents of the SRRA. The first section mainly looks at the way the programmes are set up and assesses whether they are influenced by the SRRA. The second section looks at whether the contents of the national programmes match with each other and with those of the SRRA. Structure The general observations made during the analysis are the following (see also Annex 9): All programmes are pre-competitive, cost-shared and open to all stakeholders, including academics. In general, authorities are anxious to promote innovation and encourage synergies between SMEs, academics, big firms and other stakeholders. Two programmes focus specifically on rail research (Austria and, to a lesser extent, Germany); the others are mainly dealing with transportation issues in general. The practicalities, the provisions, the way of submission and the expected outcomes of the National programmes vary from one country to another. This fragmentation is related to the structure of research and the financing of research in each EU member state. The budget of the programmes is difficult to assess because they are not all focused on rail. In addition, the support (type and volume) allocated to each projects is very different from one country to another for various reasons (type of the programme, budget available). On top of that, the national programmes have varying time scales. National programmes are generally to some extent influenced by EU policies (i.e.: White Paper on transportation and other documents, normative activities, decision of the Council) and by the RTD work programme regarding research in transportation systems in Europe. Concerning the link to the SRRA, there are only few countries that make specific reference to the SRRA in their national programmes. However, most of the countries do seem to be attracted by the funding under the 7th Framework programme, since they encourage the national stakeholders to submit proposals in the FP7 calls. Contents At a first glance, it appears that there are many differences between the national research programmes, concerning their structure, but also concerning the contents. If German-French co-operation on some topics is excluded, there is no relationship between the National Programmes of member states, although both Austria-Sweden and Sweden-UK have started to explore and initiate joint projects for cooperative research. In general it looks as if programmes were designed without any consultations between the National governments. However, probably the most important issue in this type of comparison is the problem of wording, i.e. sometimes different words are used for more or less the same thing, or more or less the same word is used for different things. Taking this into account and looking into the programmes and the SRRA in a bit more detailed way, two analyses have been done: The first concerning the coverage of the SRRA by the national programmes (see Annex 10) and the second concerning the similarities between the national programmes, as well as the coverage of these issues by the SRRA (see Annex 11). This second analysis yields the following key subjects that can actually be found in virtually all national programmes (of course some other, more country specific issues can be found as well, e.g. increased axle loads for the Nordic countries): Seamless passenger transport, reduced travel times, comfort, social safety Environmental issues, mainly energy efficiency and noise
125
Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of infrastructure Optimised use of infrastructure, capacity, traffic control Improvement of freight transport, logistics and intermodality Safety, mainly level crossings and command/control In comparing this to the SRRA, two ways of thinking are possible: 1. These issues cover a large part of the SRRA clusters and the research areas. 2. The SRRA covers some of these issues clearly; most of the others are covered, but prioritised differently or hidden in other wording. Both ways are equally correct and both views indicate that the implementation of the SRRA might be going in the right direction. This is a positive sign, but it is not good enough. The SRRA and the National Programmes should have a very firm link between them, not only coincidentally, because most of the subjects match, but also in the structure of the documents and more important in the way the subjects and visions are worked out towards concrete actions (e.g. is increased capacity of infrastructure realised by traffic management or by construction technologies?). It may take some time to realise a true common approach to the future of European rail and to the research that has to realise this future. However, if this time will not be taken and the national programmes and the SRRA will not match, this implies the risk that each specific country or organisation will keep on understanding the objectives in its own way, which leads to many partners working together in the same programme, but each towards a different goal. Recent history within the 6th Framework Programme has shown that this risk is not an imaginary one. Recommendations
Part of the SRRA should be rethought, looking at the similarities between the national research programmes (see Annex 11). If a specific item is recognised as important in many of the national programmes, it probably should also be an important item in the SRRA. The analysis also made clear that the SRRA should come forward with one clear list of items instead of the current different lists (strategic research priorities, strategic targets, targets for the business scenario, research clusters and priority themes).
On the other hand, the public authorities should redesign their national programmes to better comply with both the SRRA themes and with the wording of ERRAC.
To promote co-operation and implementation of the SRRA at European level a recommendation is made to promote forums and other kind of exchanges between the European rail research stakeholders. This is the only way to create a critical mass for rail research in Europe. An example is that the cluster Interoperability is generally not well covered by the considered member state programmes (this may be related to the fact that this is recognised as an issue that does not address a specific need within a single member state or that is coordinated at the EU level and funded by the EU).
An example is that some countries are promoting social sciences in their national programmes: understanding mobility, cost/benefit analysis, economic modelling, forecasting and assessment, customer behaviour and attractiveness of train, new transport schemes, etc. The German programme, for instance, discourages projects that are only technology driven and not taking into account the socio-economic aspects. ERRAC may wish to introduce more socio-economic aspects in its SRRA.
126
Conclusions Comparing the fact sheets to each other

When comparing the country fact sheets, it is interesting to see that there are some general differences between the former EU 15 and the 8 new member states with a railway system. The most striking difference being that the volume of the railway freight transport in Central and Eastern Europe has dropped to one third of the level in the 80s, due to the change of regime, the transformation of the structure of industry and the break-up of the Eastern economic relations. Some other issues indicated by the countries concerned are: In the past years, investments in the development of railway transport were below the European average, the majority of the inhabitants expect the national government to develop the road network. The profitability of railway transport is, in general, low, due to the low price level and a lower efficiency. On average, there is an overcapacity in infrastructure, although some bottlenecks can be identified. The tracks are in bad technical condition, and there are significant speed limitations. The rolling stock is over age and out-of-date, and cannot satisfy the demands of the market. This of course has its implications on the arguments behind the research activities (i.e. survival, reorganisation and trying to keep the market vs. development, investments and growth). It also causes problems concerning, for example, noise legislation and TSI development. On the other hand, despite the issues mentioned, the modal split of the transport shows a much more favourable picture than in Western Europe. Especially for the freight transport in a number of the new member states, where not only the modal split, but also the economical situation looks very favourable. In the end, the research activities may show a lot of similarity. The most important similarity being the urgency of the reduction of railway system costs. Innovations should be implemented to increase efficiency and reduce costs, while realising quality standards that meet the public and commercial needs (these may be lower or higher than the actual standards). Cost reduction is necessary now, either to free capital for new investments (EU 15) or to ensure survival (for most of the 8 new member states with a railway system).
Comparing the fact sheets to the SRRA

In comparing all country fact sheets to the SRRA a number of important conclusions can be drawn, these conclusions will be divided into two sections: The structure of the national research activities; looking at the way the programmes are set up and assessing whether the SRRA has been taken into consideration or not. The contents of the national research activities; looking whether the contents of the national programmes match with each other and with those of the SRRA
127
Structure The general observations made during the analysis are the following (see also Annex 1): All research programmes are pre-competitive, cost-shared and open to all stakeholders, including academics. In general, authorities are anxious to promote innovation and encourage synergies between SMEs, academics, big firms and other stakeholders. Two programmes focus specifically on rail research (Austria, Germany); the others are mainly dealing with transportation issues in general. The practicalities, the provisions, the way of submission and the expected outcomes of the National programmes vary from one country to another. This fragmentation is related to the structure of research and the financing of research in each EU member state. The budget of the programmes is difficult to assess because they are not all focused on rail. In addition, the support (type and volume) allocated to each projects is very different from one country to another for various reasons (type of the programme, budget available). National programmes are generally to some extent influenced by EU policies (i.e.: White Paper on transportation and other documents, normative activities, decision of the council) and by the RTD work programme regarding research in transportation systems in Europe. Concerning the link to the SRRA, there are only very few countries that make specific reference to the SRRA in their national programmes; these are also the more recent programmes (Spain, Austria). Most of the countries do seem to be attracted by the funding under the EU Framework Programmes, since they encourage the national stakeholders to submit proposals in these calls. Contents It is clear that there are many differences between the national research programmes, concerning their structure, but also concerning the content. If German-French, AustriaSweden and UK-Sweden and Baltic co-operation on some topics is excluded, there is no relationship between the National programmes of member states. A very important issue in this type of analysis is the problem of wording, i.e. sometimes different words are used for more or less the same thing, or vice versa. Taking this into account and looking into the national research activities and the SRRA in a bit more detail, three analyses have been done: The first concerning the coverage of the SRRA by the national activities (see Annex 2), the second concerning the similarities between the national activities (see Annex 3) and the third concerning the coverage of these issues by the SRRA. The second analysis yields a number of key subjects that can actually be found in virtually all national programmes (of course, some other more locally specific issues can be found as well, e.g. increased axle loads for the Nordic countries) Seamless transport, reduced travel times, comfort, social safety Environmental issues, mainly energy efficiency and noise Reliabilty, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of infrastructure, including life-cycle costs Optimised use of infrastructure, capacity, traffic control Improvement of freight transport, logistics and intermodality Safety, Level crossings, Command and Control The third analysis, comparing these EU-wide common issues to the SRRA shows that more than half of these issues are generally well and clearly covered. This might indicate that the implementation of the SRRA might be going in the right direction. This is a good sign, but it is
128
not good enough. Still almost half of the common issues are generally not well, or not clearly, covered by the SRRA; they may be prioritised differently or hidden in other wording.
Generally well / not well covered by the SRRA Seamless passenger transport Reduced travel times Comfort Social safety Environment: Energy efficiency Environment: Noise RAMS of infrastructure including life cycle costs Optimised use of Infrastructure Improvement of Freight Transport Logistics Intermodality Safety: Level Crossings Safety: Command/control well not well well well well well well not well not well well well not well not well well
Which section? intelligent mobility, research area A and C2 partly in intelligent mobility, research area A mostly in Intelligent Mobility safety and security, research area C environment, research area C environment, research area A mostly in innovative materials not substantially covered partly in intelligent mobility, research area B1 interoperability, research area B and Intelligent Mobility mostly in Intelligent Mobility, research area B2 partly in Intelligent Mobility, research area C1 not covered interoperability, research areas A and D
Examples of Keywords from National Programmes Through ticketing, Chipcard Increased speeds Stations, Toilets on trains, Cleanliness Vandalism, Station safety Green train Curve Squeal, Brake Screech Maintenance technologies, Reliability Economic efficiency of infrastructure Slot allocation, system performance New Concepts Urban Logistics Seamless freight transport Trespass, Accessibility ERTMS level 3
The SRRA and the national research programmes and activities should have a very firm link between them, not only coincidentally, because most of the subjects match, but also in the structure of the documents and more important in the way the subjects and visions are worked out towards concrete actions (e.g. is increased capacity of infrastructure realised by traffic management or by construction technologies?). This is essential in order to realise a true common approach to the future of European rail and to avoid the risk that specific countries or organisations will understand the objectives in their own way, which may lead to many partners working together, but each towards a different goal. A number of experiences with EU Framework Programmes have shown that this risk is not an imaginary one. Recommendations
Part of the SRRA should be rethought, looking at the similarities between the national research programmes (see Annex 3). If a specific item is recognised as important in many of the national programmes, it probably should also be an important item in the SRRA. With reference to the actual national developments (as for instance laid down in the position papers), the two most important points in this respect are the life cycle costs of the railway system and the optimised use of the infrastructure. The SRRA should come forward with one clear list of issues instead of the current different lists (strategic research priorities, strategic targets, targets for the business scenario, research clusters and priority themes). The common points between the national programmes should serve as a reference for this. Some countries are promoting social sciences in their national programmes: understanding mobility, forecasting and assessing customer behaviour, image of the railway, new transport schemes, etc. Some programmes even discourage projects that are only technology driven and not taking into account the socio-economic aspects. ERRAC may wish to introduce more socio-economic aspects in its SRRA. On the other hand, the public authorities should use the SRRA as a kind of umbrella, to which their research activities will be linked, in order to realise synergies and have a better base for funding requests. An essential point in this link is to use the wording of ERRAC in all national programmes. This way, it will become easier and more useful to coordinate the national and the EU research activities. The SRRA should be and stay a stable document after the changes proposed. ERRAC should focus on dissemination, observation and implementation, for instance through forums and other kinds of exchanges between stakeholders. The clusters Interoperability and Innovative materials are generally not well covered by a significant number of member states. Interoperability may be seen as an activity coordinated and funded by the EU. Innovative materials may be seen as basic research, whereas most countries seem to tend more towards applied research.
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The Health of Rail research in European An Opinion of ERRAC ERRAC was set up in 2001 with the ambitious goal of creating a single European body with both the competence and capability to help revitalise the European rail sector and make it more competitive, by fostering increased innovation and guiding research efforts at European level. On December 18th 2002, the European Rail Research Advisory Council (ERRAC) unveiled its Strategic Rail Research Agenda (SRRA) to the railway community. This European rail initiative paves the way for new innovative forms of collaboration. ERRAC is comprisesd of 45 representatives from each of the major European rail research stakeholders: manufacturers, operators, infrastructure managers, the European Commission, EU Member States, academics and users groups. ERRAC covers all forms of rail transport: from conventional, high speed and freight applications to urban and regional services. The main input that ERRAC has made to date has been to the European Commissions Framework Research Programmes which cover surface transport. ERRAC was formed at the start of the Framework Programme 6 and it is clear from the table below that it has made a significant impact when compared to the proceeding Framework Programme 5.Since the inception of ERRAC the overall health of rail research in Europe has improved. In Framework Programme 5 (1998-2002) the breakdown of supported projects in the land transport and marine technologies part of the Growth programme was Number of Projects Road Maritime Rail FP5 FP6 92 58 74 52 25 32 Value of Support(MEuro) FP5 FP6 192 166 142 166 49 118 % of total funding FP5 FP6 50.1 36.9 37.1 36.9 12.8 26.2
FP5 is first figure, FP6 is second figure. The role of ERRAC and the European Commission in increasing and guiding rail innovation has been instrumental in this. The SRRA has set clear research objectives which align to the Commissions transport policy goals. By focussing FP6 research proposals to the SRRA objectives and by having the agreement of the Commission to fund these proposals which support its own transport policy goals rail research and rail innovation has broadly doubled between FP5 and FP6. This will allow the realisation of both the Communitys transport goals and the goals of the rail sector. It has been a genuinely collaborative effort to achieve this level of innovation and a success for both ERRAC and the Commission.It is clear therefore that rail has historically had a relatively small share of the overall budget. The rail sectors achievements within the final outcome of the surface transport programme under Framework Programme 6 is have still to be determined, but it is believed that since the inception of ERRAC the overall health of rail research in Europe will have improved significantly. This isas a result of many players including ERRAC working to focus the available funding on the research priorities identified in the SRRA by the actual rail industry itself, and alignedment with to EU policy haves resulted in a far more active participation by the rail sector. When the final outcome is known it is anticipated that rail will have doubled its share of projects.
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One other notable advance for rail in this period has been the formation of the academic network EURNEX which for the first time links all the main European rail research centres in academia. Coordination of Rail Research in Europe As well as swetting the strategic agenda for research ERRAC has surveyed the rail research ongoing in the individual Member States and for the first time published details of this. A clear view of the work ongoing in Member States, at a European level in the Framework Programmes and in academia, via EURNEX, is now available. This shows that the sum of research work ongoing in Europe does indeed yield full coverage of the SRRA, but that this is in an uncoordinated manner and individual players are often unaware of the activities of others or the results of past research. Added Value of Coordination The value of coordination is to avoid duplication or absence of research in fields covering the SRRA. Duplication can be avoided by making others aware of the research that is already underway or been done in the past. Equally, by making all aware of consortia that are forming to bid for Framework 7 research funds, synergies and critical mass can be created in consortia by having all relevant researchers involved. This is particularly important in the large Integrated Projects. ERRAC believes that the role of coordination will become increasing important as the FP7 and national research programmes are enacted. Funding for research is limited as is the ability of the rail sector to actually conduct research. For this reason the sharing of public research results is needed so that research results can be rapidly implemented and new research projects built upon the existing research to generate further new knowledge and opportunities. Instruments for Coordination The primary instrument for coordination is the goodwill of those involved. This is primarily achieved through making coordination of research a voluntary activity so that players are not forced into divulging commercially sensitive research initiatives and that players are not forced to adopt a single research agenda; as it should be recognised that geographical, climatic and historical differences between railways do not necessarily lead to a single all encompassing objective for research. Various specific instruments exist for coordination: EURNEX coordinates and facilitates academic cooperation ERA-NET Transport TRANSPORT fosters cooperation and coordination of Member State research UIC research coordination group information sharing among operators UNIFE research group information sharing and coordination among the major European suppliers UITP sharing information and coordinating research activities among urban transport as well as suburban and regional transport operators The nature of Framework research programmes is that members of each coordination instrument are needed for a successful consortium. While it is felt that a further coordinating body to sit above all of these bodies is not necessary it is felt that ERRAC does have a role in making known the research ideas and potential consortia at an early stage so that
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individual companies and organisations have an opportunity to join and influence the scope of work if necessary.
Role of ERRAC in Implementation ERRAC owns the strategic rail research agenda, which is the primary roadmap for the future of European railways. The proactive role that ERRAC should have in this regard is to monitor the extent of the research being undertaken in the Framework 7 programme to ensure that the roadmap to 2020 is being achieved. Recommendations regarding how the scope of future calls need to be adjusted to achieve the SRRA should be issued periodically in order that the ERRAC vision for 2020 is realised. Conclusions The main coordinating instrument for rail research is comprises the Framework Programme calls. ERRAC has a dual role here in making known to other players the work of the coordinating bodies that exist for specific sectors and in monitoring the extent of the overall rail research underway in FP7 to ensure that the SRRA is realised
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Opci Podaci o Europskim Zeljeznickim Upravama

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Rail Research in the EU

European Rail Research Advisory Council

39 43 46 49 52 55 59 63 66 70 71 76 82 83 87 90 94 98 103 107 111 115 119

122 125 127 127 127

2. Information Sources for European and National Rail Research

3 Fact Sheet Austria

8,1 84 97 1970 5.901 1975 5.864 1980 5.857 1985 5.766

2002 2002 185 8.301 Mio. Mio. Mio.

3.2 Institutional framework

Contractors/Engineering Firms No information

Research Strategies and Resources

4. Fact Sheet Liechtenstein

1985 18,5 18,5 100

2005 18,5 18,5 100

4.2 Institutional framework

Research Strategies and Resources

See Fact Sheet Austria 11

5. Fact Sheet Belgium

5.1 Characterisation of the railway sector

2000 2000 153 7.755

2001 2001 160 8.038

8.000 Passengers Carried Passenger-km

5.2 Institutional framework

5.3 Research Strategies and Resources

3 Fact Sheet Bosnia and Herzegovina

4,498 5,1 0,9

Mio. x 1000 km Inhabit./km

FBH, ZRS FBH, ZRS FBH, ZRS

1985 944 682 72,2

2005 1000 746 74,6

3.2 Institutional framework

Contractors/Engineering Firms No information

EU Liaison office No information

Research Institutes No information

Urban transport operators

Research Strategies and Resources

Other research themes No information

Relation with the SRRA No information

Annual resources No information

6. Fact Sheet Cyprus

7. Fact Sheet Czech Republic

50 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Sources: Czech Ministry of Transport, UIC database

7.2 Institutional framework

Research Institutes EU Liaison office

eurail@mdcr.cz Railway Authorities

Rail operators Passenger and Freight Operators

www.szdc.cz www.zeleznicedesna.cz www.jhmd.cz Provinces/Regions

Freight Operators only

Urban transport operators

7.3 Research Strategies and Resources

8. Fact Sheet Denmark

8.1 Characterisation of the railway sector

10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Sources: Danish National Rail Authority, UIC database

8.2 Institutional framework

Urban transport operators Greater Copenhagen Authority: www.hur.dk

8.3 Research Strategies and Resources

9. Fact Sheet Estonia

581 3.983 1970 1970 1975 1975 1980 1980 2 37 1.553

606 4.908 1985 1985 2 35 1.648

648 6.140 1990 9.257 1990 2 27 1.507

1.750 70 1.550 9.500