A PROJECT REPORT ON INDURTRIAL VISIT OF GUJRAT AMBUJA CEMENT

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. GOUTAM MITRA

SUBMITTED BY SUSMITA BANERJEE ROLL:2011/23 M.B.A

CONTENTS Page no. Necessity of industrial visit Routes of the Introduction to gurjat ambuja cement Introduction to gujrat ambuja cement darlaghat Cement production process Human resource perspective Marketing perspective Financial perspective Place visited Bibliography 3 4 5-10 11-13 14-21 22-25 26-31 32-35 36-41 42

NECCESSITY OF INDUSTRIAL VISIT Industrial visit is a part of the course, during which students visit companies and get insight of on the internal working environment of the company. The industrial visit also provides an insight on how companies work and also useful information related to the practical aspects of the course which cannot be visualized in lectures. The basic need of industrial visit is to have a knowledge regarding the practical operation of a company. In our M.B.A we generally get acquainted with the theory perspective. But if we visit the industry then we shall come to know about the practical implementation of those theoretical perspective. When we went to ambuja cement factory in

Darlaghat we were introduced about the different operations of producing cement. We first got acquainted with the history, objective, and product details of ambuja cement. Then we all were brought to the factory. In the factory re were introduced about various plants and machines and how the cement is being produced, what is the raw material, how the processes take place one by one. We came to know about the total time of the entire process. In this way we came to know about many things of gujrat ambuja cement.

INDUSTRIAL TOUR 2012 INDUSTRY VISITED

GUJARAT AMBUJA CEMENT PLANT,Darlaghat,Himachal Pradesh PLACES VISITED STATE: HIMACHAL PRADESH(Places:Shimla,Darlaghat,Dharmasala,Dalhousie) Punjab(Amritsar) DATE,VENUE & TIME OF COMMENCEMENT & RETURN OF THE INDUSTRY TOUR DATE OF COMMENCEMENT : 15TH February,2012 PLACE OF COMMENCEMENT : Burdwan Railway Station TIMING OF COMMENCEMENT: 8.54pm DATE OF RETURN : 27TH February,2012

ROUTE MAP OF THE TOUR

From Burdwan

Kalka(by Kalka mail)

Shimla(by toy train)

Darlaghat(Gujarat Ambuja Cement Plant) & Dalhousie Amritsar (by Amrisar Mail) Burdwan Returned to

Burdwan to kalka Kalka to Burdwan shimla Shimla to darlaghat(ambuja) Shimla to dharamshala Dharamshala to Dalhousie Dalhousie to Amritsar Amritsar to burdwan

Returned to 1633km 96km 47km 152km 117km 185km 1826km

INTRODUCTION TO GUJRAT AMBUJA CEMENT INTRODUCTION It is says that as the famous proverb NEED IS MOTER OF INVENTION. As the starting time of the earth, the man was live in jungal, after that because of some invention he found cottage and he use it as their house. After that he made a house by using brick, sand, and clay. After that time man makes great invention and it is CEMENT. And it isalso known as the great revolution in the earth. GUJARAT AMBUJA CEMENT LTD. was set up in 1986. The main purpose of cement is construction of houses and buildings. Because of cement it is possible to build up one floor to hundred floors. Once found of cement there are arising thousands of company every after short time. And in it is one of the best company of the world. And it is started in 1983. And now the details of the company are as so on Ambuja Cements Ltd. (ACL) is one of the leading cement manufacturing companies in India. The Company, initially called Gujarat Ambuja Cements Ltd., was founded by Narotam Sekhsaria in 1983 with a partner, Suresh Neotia. Sekhsarias business acumen and leadership skills put the company on a fast track to growth. The Company commenced cement production in 1986. The global cement major Holcim acquired management control of ACL in 2006. Holcim today holds little over 46% equity in ACL. The Company is currently known as Ambuja Cements Ltd. ACL has grown dynamically over the past decade. Its current cement capacity is about 25 million tonnes. The Company has five integrated cement manufacturing plants and eight cement grinding units across the country. ACL enjoys a reputation of being one of the most efficient cement manufacturers in the world. Its environment protection measures are on par with the finest in the country. It is one of the most profitable and innovative cement companies in India. ACL is the first Indian cement manufacturers to build a captive port with three terminals along the countrys western coastline to facilitate timely, cost effective and environmentally cleaner shipments of bulk cement to its customers. The Company has its own fleet of ships. ACL has also pioneered the development of the multiple bio-mass co-fired technology for generating greener power in its captive plants. ACL has always met tough challenges and seized the opportunities that have come its way. It has nurtured the same spirit of enterprise and search for cutting-edge technology with which it started. It thus continues to be the driving force and in many ways a benchmark for the cement industry in India.

OBJECTIVE OF COMPANY: The management of Gujarat Ambuja decided some objectives to become topper in the market. And the objectives are Better quality then other company. Fair returns to share holders. A higher productivity to cover maximum market. Maximum customer satisfaction. Clean & healthy Environment for employees growth. Try to lower pollution to fulfillment of social responsibilities.

INNOVATION OF PLANT: To being echo friendly "GUJARAT AMBUJA CEMENT LTD". Installed pollution control equipments, by M/s. ABB & M/s. Thermex. The plant achieved 148% productivity with lowest consumption of raw material & electricity after innovation of plant. GACL's first production - that was in 20th Sep. 1986 and the cement grade was 33 grade cement which has comprehensive strength in 550 kg/cm2 & by the passing time they have change technology of production & nowadays they are producing 53 grades with 700 kg/cm2 comprehensive strength. AWARDS Achievement of the AMBUJA CEMENT LTD. Year Awarded By Awarded For YEAE AWARDED BY The Economic Times 1989-1990 Hayward Business School Association of india National productivity 1989-1990 Council National productivity 1990-1991 Council 1991 1991 1992

AWARDED FOR Best Corporate Performance award under Municipal category

1991-1992

1991-1992

1993

Certificate of Merit for Productivity in the Cement. Second Prize for productivity in the Cement Ind. Govt. of India National Award for the best trade name. Gujarat pollution control First prize for Environment board Management -1991 Trade leader's club Madrid, International Award for the Spain Best Trade Name 1992 National Council for Cement National Award for best & Energy Building materials performs. 1991-92 Bureau of Indian Standard Rajiv Gandhi National quality award Bureau of Indian Standards Quality Systematic certificate IS

1992-1993 1993-1994

National Council International Society Hyderabad

14002-1986 ISO 9002 -1987 productivity Second best productivity Greenland Productivity, Gold award

MISSION VISION AND VALUES Delighted Customers My actions speak more about my company than a mere advertisement. My function, however remote to the customer, ultimately leads to satisfying him. My connection to him is like God. I may not see it. But, it exists. Inspired Employees I don't need orders to trust my colleagues. I don't need orders to seek challenges. Or to meet them either. That, I know, is I CAN. Enlightened partners I will build enduring relationships with my dealers and suppliers. The full benefit of our engagement with dealers and suppliers will only come when they act as partners in satisfying the customer. I will, therefore, create win-win associations between my dealers, suppliers, my company and my customers. Energised Society I will energise, involve and enable people around me to realize their potential. The communities around me are a part of my support system. A small improvement in their life will have a multiplier effect for everyone. Cleaner Environment - Pollution control I will leave a cleaner planet for my children. For this, I dont need the rule book. Cleaner Environment natural resourcesI will use Nature responsibly and conserve its resources. If I allow Nature to replenish itself, it will provide me with a permanent livelihood. And, the benefit will extend even to my childrens children. Safety I will adopt zero harm practices at work and everywhere. I never forget that my familys future depends on my safety.

Cement Plants

Plant Capacity (mn tons) Gujarat Himachal Pradesh/ Punjab Rajasthan Chhattisgarh/ West Bengal Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Annual Capacity 6.70 6.10 2.80 4.30 3.60 1.50

Port Terminal Muldwarka, Gujarat: All weather port, 8 kms from our Ambujanagar plant. Handles ships with 40,000 DWT. Is also equipped to export clinker and cement and import coal and furnace oil. A fleet of seven ships with a capacity of 20500 DWT ferries bulk cement to the packaging units. Bulk Cement Terminal Surat : Bulk Cement Terminal with a storage capacity of 15,000 tonnes has bulk cement unloading facility. A Grinding unit has also become fully operational at this location. Panvel : Strategically located near India's biggest cement market, has a storage capacity of 17,500 tonnes and a bulk cement unloading facility. Cochin : The latest addition to our configuration of Bulk Cement Terminal CREDIT RATING RATING AGENCY CRISIL CRISIL RATING FOR Bank loan rating Short term rating RATED AMOUNT(INR min) 5000 5000 RATING AAA/STABLE(reaffirmed) A1+ (reaffirmed)

Trading history High Price 151.05 151.85 150.70 153.30 153.90 147.95 145.50 144.80 142.80 139.50 Low Price 145.40 146.75 147.60 149.35 143.30 142.75 142.70 140.40 137.00 135.75 Close Price 146.10 150.60 149.15 151.25 152.10 146.50 145.00 143.60 141.65 138.05 Total Traded Quantity 1469562 1745778 2906299 4856490 2680448 1659186 1252378 1459627 2688479 4501090 Turnover lacs) 2,172.57 2,630.25 4,342.92 7,333.85 3,993.14 2,404.23 1,806.58 2,085.20 3,738.44 6,200.51 (in No Contracts 1612 2350 1362 6154 7464 7193 2163 2115 2643 2501 Of

Date 05-Jun2012 04-Jun2012 01-Jun2012 31-May2012 30-May2012 29-May2012 28-May2012 25-May2012 24-May2012 23-May2012

Price Watch

Options Chain

Best Orders Buy Qty Buy Price Sell Price Sell Qty -

Trd. Value ( lak AMBUJACEM : High : Note 190.90 / Low : 189.20 hs) Intraday Stock with Quarte Stock Index rly 95.85

Security

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Equity Shares

189.5 35 5

190.25 -

Most Active 191.3 Futures 2000 5 27-SEP-2012 Most Call Active 1.75 2000

190.90 191.40 2000

358.63

1.65

1.80

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24.20

(200.00) 27SEP-2012 Most Active Put 1.40 (180.00) 27SEP-2012

2000

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10.88

Most Active 5389. Nifty Futures 50 00 27-SEP-2012 Most Active Midcap Futures 25-OCT-2012 Company Information

5388.2 5389.0 7500 0 0

60220. 15

750

1860.0 2230.0 750 0 0

Corporate Actions Purpose : INTERIM DIVIDEND RS 1.40 PER SHARE (PURPOSE REVISED) : FINAL DIVIDEND RS.1.80 PER SHARE (PURPOSE REVISED) 08-Aug-2011 : INTERIM DIVIDEND RS.1.40 PER SHARE 11-Feb-2011 : FINAL DIVIDENDRS.1.40 PER SHARE 05-Aug-2010 : INTERIM DIVIDENDRS.1.20 PER SHARE

Announcements - Updates Aug 03, 2012, 09:20 - Disclosure under SEBI Takeover Regulations Jul 31, 2012, 13:36 - Date of payment of dividend Jul 31, 2012, 11:50 - Allotment of Securities Jul 28, 2012, 17:46 Outcome of Board Meeting Jul 27, 2012, 12:28

Ambuja Cements Limited Ex-Date Date of Listing (NSE) : 18- 30-Jul-2012 Feb-1998 Face Value : 2.00 ISIN : INE079A01024 Industry : CEMENT AND CEMENT PRODUCTS Constituent Indices : CNX 13-Feb-2012 MNC,CNX 100,NIFTY,CNX 500 Issued Cap. : 1539447536(shares) as on 08Sep-2012 Free Float Market Cap. : 29180.23(Cr) as on 08-Sep2012 Impact Cost: - as on 52 week high/low price : 197.95/131.10

Site best viewed in 1024 x 768 resolution using IE 5.5 & above.Powered by NSE. Himachal Pradesh Activities

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Darlaghat The areas of our intervention in Darlaghat include natural resource management with community involvement, health and education. A comprehensive and integrated approach has been adopted for watershed projects. Two such programmes were undertaken in 2009-10. Dhundan Watershed Development Project

In this project community members have been organised into a registered Watershed Development Committee. The committee ensures participation of the people in all aspects of the project from planning to implementation and maintenance. During the reporting year, the drainage line was given treatment in a ridge-to-valley approach. A grant of Rs 9,80,000 was received from National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Loose stone check dams (LSCDs) were constructed on small streams, followed by gabion structures on the gully where the water had a high velocity. A water storage tank was also constructed. Trenches were constructed in the beneficiaries pasture land. They act as water recharging units that increase the soil moisture and consequently the fodder production by as much as 30%. Following the trenching, 3500 saplings were planted in the area. Farmers went on an exposure visit to National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, where they learned about animal husbandry and dairy farming. ACF-SRTT Alikhad Watershed Development Project

This project is being implemented in Kashlog Panchayat. Awareness camps and training programmes were held on herb plantation and mushroom cultivation. Trenching was completed in 14 Ha of land. To make fodder available to farmers the year round, silvi pasture land was developed and in addition, over 3000 fruit trees were also planted. Two irrigation water storage tanks were built with a contribution from the villagers amd 850 mt of irrigation channels were laid, and 19 gabion structures constructed to check the excess flow of water in the gullies. The project was monitored by the Watershed Committee. The of the villagers are

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susceptible to destruction by wild animals. Low cost bamboo poly houses are being promoted to protect small land holdings of the farmers. Six orchards were cultivated in the area. ACF has been promoting organic farming in Darlaghat. Farmers prepared and used organic manures like Jiva Amrit and vermi-compost. They were encouraged to develop a seed bank in their own villages. Training programmes were also conducted for them. To supplement incomes, horticulture plantation was promoted. Over 2500 mango, lemon, orange, guava , pomegranate and amla trees were planted by the farmers. Mushroom cultivation was introduced in Darlaghat in 2007-08 and in 2009-10, 39 farmers were cultivating mushrooms. A committee called Darla Khumb Utpadak Samiti (with 60 members) has been set up by the community, under which the farmers jointly work towards the promotion and cultivation of mushrooms. This committee was registered and is working towards building capacity amongst the farmers with the help of ACF, the Horticulture Department of the Government and National Research Centre for Mushroom. The Skills and Entrepreneurship Development Institute (SEDI) continued working towards equipping the local youth with skills and helping them find employment. In 2009-10, the institute expanded its scope to include social and cultural activities. In 2009-10, over 540 persons were trained at the institute. Some of those trained have got loans from Punjab National Bank for starting their own enterprises. The school support programme by ACF runs in 44 schools in Arki tehsil. Women from the community, known as balmitras, are trained by ACF and these women work with the schools to improve the quality of education being provided there. ACF has undertaken a range of activities in schools for overall development of the children. Libraries have been set up to inculcate the habit of reading in them, and to improve their language skills. Children are given an opportunity to hone their public speaking skills at balsabhas. They are given ample opportunity to intersperse learning with fun at fun fairs or bal melas. Training programmes were organised for Government teachers. In Darlaghat, 39 women have been trained as Village Health Functionaries (VHFs) and provide primary healthcare and referral services to the villagers. In 2009-10, three VHFs were selected by the Government to train as yoga teachers. They now conduct yoga classes in middle and senior schools. ACF regularly conducts training and monitoring programmes for the VHFs. The VHFs engage with school children through khelwadis at which they deal with issues of health, sanitation and preventive healthcare through fun and games. In the year 24 Village Health and Sanitation Committees were formed in the villages. Doctors in the area refer patients to the Ambuja Diagnostic Centre for testing. Over 1,310 patients were tested at the centre during the year. Over 110 Self Help Groups(SHGs) are now in operation in Darlaghat and 20 of them have linkages with banks. Training sessions on livelihood generation, dairy farming and fruit and vegetable processing were held for the women. An exposure visit was organised to National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. ACF was successful in liaising with the Government to start knitting classes for 30 SHG members. The final products will be sold at Government emporiums.

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ACF helps the local community in the development and maintenance of footpaths, community centres, anganwadis, school buildings, drinking water storage tanks and irrigation channels. The people participate in executing all these activities. During 2009-10, 255 metres of footpaths were constructed in the area.Three school rooms were put up and three other rooms were repaired. A bridge was built at Fugwana village. Further, 337 metres of irrigation channel were laid, and 4 bore wells and a traditional drinking water source were rejuvenated. A playground was levelled and enclosed with a 125 ft retaining wall.

HOW CEMENT IS PRODUCED? Raw Materials The main raw materials used in the cement manufacturing process are limestone, sand, shale, clay, and iron ore. The main material, limestone, is usually mined on site while the other minor materials may be mined either on site or in nearby quarries. Another source of raw materials is industrial byproducts. The use of by-product materials to replace natural raw materials is a key element in achieving sustainable development. Raw Material Preparation Mining of limestone requires the use of drilling and blasting techniques. The blasting techniques use the latest technology to insure vibration, dust, and noise emissions are kept at a minimum. Blasting produces materials in a wide range of sizes from approximately 1.5 meters in diameter to small particles less than a few millimeters in diameter. Material is loaded at the blasting face into trucks for transportation to the crushing plant. Through a series of crushers and screens, the limestone is reduced to a size less than 100 mm and stored until required. Depending on size, the minor materials (sand, shale, clay, and iron ore) may or may not be crushed before being stored in separate areas until required. Raw Grinding In the wet process, each raw material is proportioned to meet a desired chemical composition and fed to a rotating ball mill with water. The raw materials are ground to a size where the majority of the materials are less than 75 microns. Materials exiting the mill are called "slurry" and have flowability characteristics. This slurry is pumped to blending tanks and homogenized to insure the chemical composition of the slurry is correct. Following the homogenization process, the slurry is stored in tanks until required. In the dry process, each raw material is proportioned to meet a desired chemical composition and fed to either a rotating ball mill or vertical roller mill. The raw materials are dried with waste process gases and ground to a size where the majority of the materials are less than 75 microns. The dry materials exiting either type of mill are called "kiln feed". The kiln feed is pneumatically blended to insure the chemical composition of the kiln feed is well homogenized and then stored in silos until required.

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Pre-processing Whether the process is wet or dry, the same chemical reactions take place. Basic chemical reactions are: evaporating all moisture, calcining the limestone to produce free calcium oxide, and reacting the calcium oxide with the minor materials (sand, shale, clay, and iron). This results in a final black, nodular product known as "clinker" which has the desired hydraulic properties. In the wet process, the slurry is fed to a rotary kiln, which can be from 3.0 m to 5.0 m in diameter and from 120.0 m to 165.0 m in length. The rotary kiln is made of steel and lined with special refractory materials to protect it from the high process temperatures. Process temperatures can reach as high as 1450oC during the clinker making process. In the dry process, kiln feed is fed to a preheater tower, which can be as high as 150.0 meters. Material from the preheater tower is discharged to a rotary kiln with can have the same diameter as a wet process kiln but the length is much shorter at approximately 45.0 m. The preheater tower and rotary kiln are made of steel and lined with special refractory materials to protect it from the high process temperatures. Regardless of the process, the rotary kiln is fired with an intense flame, produced by burning coal, coke, oil, gas or waste fuels. Preheater towers can be equipped with firing as well. The rotary kiln discharges the red-hot clinker under the intense flame into a clinker cooler. The clinker cooler recovers heat from the clinker and returns the heat to the pyroprocessing system thus reducing fuel consumption and improving energy efficiency. Clinker leaving the clinker cooler is at a temperature conducive to being handled on standard conveying equipment. Finish Grinding and Distribution The black, nodular clinker is stored on site in silos or clinker domes until needed for cement production. Clinker, gypsum, and other process additions are ground together in ball mills to form the final cement products. Fineness of the final products, amount of gypsum added, and the amount of process additions added are all varied to develop a desired performance in each of the final cement products. Each cement product is stored in an individual bulk silo until needed by the customer. Bulk cement can be distributed in bulk by truck, rail, or water depending on the customer's needs. Cement can also be packaged with or without color addition and distributed by truck or rail.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF GUJRAT AMBUJA CEMENT Cement is manufactured by using the mixture of limestone, clay, sand, literate, bauxite and iron and the mixture is burning at a high temperature of 1,400 to 1,500 degree Celsius and the resultant clinker (a final product) is made then it mixed and grinding with gypsum to form cement for final use. The process of manufacture is divided broadly into 3 stages.. Stages of process:1. Preparation of the raw materials 2. Burning process of the raw materials in kiln and 3. Grinding the clinker to the finished products Type of Processes:There are mainly 3 types of processes to get the final product.These processes are as follows. A. Wet process. B. Semi dry process. C. Dry process. A. Wet Process:This is the old process of manufacturing of cement. In this process the raw material grinding with sufficient water, so that the mixture contains 30% to 40% of water. But it is not useable because it use higher coal consumption 30% to 35% as compared to dry process. B. Semi dry Process In this process the raw material are processed in dry state and the grinding raw meal is neutralized by addition of 10% to 20 % water, and it is final by heat consumption process. C. Dry process :This is the modern method of production. In the dry process limestone and clay are fed into a grinding mill with passing hot air. The materials are heats dried thoroughly and then reduced to fine powder know as raw meal. the raw meal is mixed with a little water and formed into nodules in nodulising fan. Their nodules are then fed into a moving grate through which the

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hot gases from the rotary klin are passed. They are dried in pertically claimed. The calcined nodules then fall into a short rotary klin of conventional design where they are burnt to form clinker. The process is as under (A). MINING STAGE : The limestone is come out from mine by drilling and blast method. And it is reach at plant by huge damper having carrying capacity of 35 tones. (B). CRUSHER STAGE : Limestone and marl are fed into the crusher plant which crushes the size of 100 mm maximum. This crushed material is taken to the further stage. (C). STACKER STAGE : The stacker makes stock piles for pre blending in about 350 to 400 layers. Sample of limestone are taken out every 5 minutes for analysis in the laboratory to determine their chemical properties, total carbonate. This analysis is done to determine the composition of the stock pile correction where require are done at this stage. (D). RAW MILL STAGE : Raw mill is a vertical roller mill in which crushes the material into fine powder. (E). BLENDING SILO STAGE : In this stage silo blends material by clarification. Material gives correct weight of the fed material or not. (F). PRE-HEATER STAGE: In this stage, passing the material from the top and the hot gases upwards from the kiln so, the materials come down and take heat. (G). PRE-CALICIFATION: In the pre-calcification the 5% of powdered coal is fired, Because of the ore-heating and kilns are calceficated about 85 to 90 % materials is calcined before the materials enter the coco3 with calcium oxide (quick lime) and carbon dioxide. (H). CLINKERISATION: This material then enters the kiln, which rotates it with slow speed. The material then enters the sintering zone where. In it the temperature is around 1400 c to 1500 c. Then the clinker is become cooled and it is taken in big for bucket storage. (I). CEMENT MILL: In this stage the gypsum is added in cement about 4% to 6%.The gypsum is added because this has effect regarding the setting time of cement thereby providing time for work to be performed in planning the concrete. Then it is gone for packing department as a when required. (K). QUALITY CONTROL: To maintain quality it is required that every stapes of manufacturing process is cheek by proper measurement and in ambuja the whole process right from feeding of raw materials to manufacturing of cement is controlled by Japanese computers. Because of that it is possible to manufacture better than better quality of cement.

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It use CCU (Close Circuit Unit), in the manufacturing process so, that they have improved their quality of cement and productivity of cement and it is -9000 metric tones per day. (J). PACKING: The final stapes of cement is packing. The capacity of each packer is 120mt/hour or 2400 bags per hour the total capacity is 240 tones or 4800 bags per hour. Then they are carried by trucks of wagons for one place to other place.

A TO Z OF GUJRAT AMBUJA CEMENT Ambuja Ambuja Cement Foundation (ACF) has a long tradition of contributing to solutions on socioeconomic and environmental issues. ACF engages with community stakeholders and works on two fronts: stakeholder engagement and community development Bulk transportation 1st to innovate with this concept. Currently a fleet of seven ships with a capacity of 20500 DWT ferries bulk cement by sea and thus sustains cost advantage. CSR Ambuja Cement Foundation (ACF) has a long tradition of contributing to solutions on socioeconomic and environmental issues. ACF engages with community stakeholders and works on two fronts: stakeholder engagement and community development Differentiation An organisational transformation is now unlocking fresh leadership potential and unleashing creative energies. Plant performance achieved the near impossible goal of 400 thousand tones of clinker during December 2008. It is one of the highest ever in company history. The principles and tools developed during this pilot implementation are in the process of being rolled out to the other Ambuja plants. This will contribute to further improvement in cost efficiencies and sustained health of the plants.

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Environment protection At par with the best in the world.The pollution levels at all cement plants are lower than the rigorous Swiss standards of 100 mg/NM3. Growth It is embedded in our genes. Holcim Second largest in the world. This 90 year old Swiss giant has invested in Ambuja. It holds over 46% equity in ACL. Holcim operates a capacity of over 150 million tonnes in 70 countries across continents. ISO Standards First cement company to receive the ISO 9002 quality certification. Ambuja also has ISO 14000 Certification for environmental systems. Just in time Materials and resources are monitored and managed in line with the best global practices. The outcomes vindicate the robust processes in place. Kiln Special innovations have now contributed to a further increase in productivity Lowest cost producer in the world The Company improved efficiency of its kilns to get more output for less power. Thereafter it set up a captive power plant at a substantially lower cost than the national grid. The company sourced a cheaper and higher quality coal from South Africa and better furnace oil from the Middle East. As a result today, the company is in a position to sell excess power to the local state government. Multiplier We strive to achieve new benchmarks in operational excellence and logistics management through innovation. Our current plant capacity is 25 million tonnes which is expected to reach 27 million tonnes by the end of 2010, resulting in a progressive increase in turnover. Name dropping Did you know that the name cement is derived from the Latin word caementum meaning rough stone. The name concrete is derived from the Latin word concretus; concretus is the past participle of the word concrescere meaning to grow together, to harden.

Opportunity

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Our unique corporate philosophy has enabled us to cement the driving spirit of indigenous enterprise with robust Global Processes. Thanks to this combination, Ambuja Cements has grown more than 20 times in just two decades. People power Ambuja Cements has always prided itself on its world class performance. In order to continue to deliver and improve upon performance, a project aptly titled People Power has been launched at the Ambujanagar plant, with the aim of nurturing highly productive people and healthy plants. Quality The only cement company to be awarded the National Quality Award in recognition of total quality management. The parameters adopted by the Government for this award are on the lines of the most prestigious international awards such as the Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award of the USA, the Demming prize of Japan and the European Quality Award. Raw materials The main raw materials used in the cement manufacturing process are Clinker, Fly Ash Metric, Gypsum, Silica, Iron ore, and Limestone. The main material, limestone, is usually mined on site while the other minor materials may be mined either on site or in nearby quarries. Another source of raw materials is industrial by-products. The use of by-product materials to replace natural raw materials is a key element in achieving sustainable development. Surface miner An Australian device to eliminate noise and vibration that is unavoidable during the conventional drilling, blasting and crushing process. This device is more energy efficient and enables more efficient recovery. Currently Ambuja is the only company using this device in the Indian cement industry. Types of cement produced at Ambuja Cements are:

Portland Pozzolano cement (PPC) Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) PPC is manufactured by blending a mixture of ordinary portland cement and pozzolana materials such as fly ash, in proportions not less than 15 per cent and not over 35 per cent by weight of cement. OPC contains a mixture of portland clinker and gypsum ground to a very fine powder . Uses About 75% of all the cement produced goes into ready-mix concrete, which is used for buildings, bridges, sidewalks, walls and all types of structures. The rest is used for building materials such as concrete blocks, pipes and pre-cast slabs in road building and repairs and other nation building applications. Values They are enshrined in our genes.

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Workforce At Ambuja, we recognise our social responsibility and aim to improve the quality of life of our workforce, their families and the communities around our operations. The Company pursues a clear policy with regard to employment practises, occupational health and safety, community involvement as well as customer and supplier relations. The unknown (X) factor Cyclical change and market uncertainty are a given in this industry. And thats what makes consistent performance commendable. Yin and Yang The kiln at our Ambujanagar plant is 20 years old. Yet it keeps increasing productivity year after year. Many would consider this an impossible task, only made possible by holistic planning and innovation. In Himachal, for instance, they've managed to push up production and bring down power costs at a plant that was already functioning above capacity. At our cement shipping terminals in Gujarat, with a few minor modifications, they have succeeded in exporting clinker and importing higher quality and far cheaper coal and furnace oil for our captive power plants. Our Mumbai terminal meanwhile, has increased the handling capacity to 100,000 tonnes as against the terminals stated capacity of 60, 000 tonnes, with no additional capital expenditure. In the last decade we have managed to keep our power bills to 1989 levels. Zero harm Occupational health and safety is one of the core values. At Ambuja Cements, we have allocated significant resources to strengthen the Occupational Health and Safety Management system. Efforts are on to implement OH&S pyramid elements and Fatality Prevention Elements to ensure that the "zero harm" objective is achievement.

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PERFORMENCE OF G.A.C.L IN PRODUCTION YEAR 2007 PRODUCTION 16.86 ( IN MILLION TONNES) 2008 17.76 2009 18.83 2010 20.13 2011 20.97

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PRODUCTION(IN MILLION)

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

A Human Resource Management can be defining as H.R.M is Managerial function which concurred with hiring, motivation, directing and maintaining the people in the organization. It is known as Human Resource Management.Human Resource Management (H.R.M) is also known as personalmanagement. Without H.R.M a company can not achieve their goal easily. All thecompany has H.R.M department. Highlight on Human Resource Management 1) It is managerial and top level function. 2) It is concerned with employees, both as individuals as well as a group. 3) It is try to develop employee skill and better performance. 4) Personnel Management is a continuous process. 5) Without H.R.M a company can not achieve their goal easily. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd has H.R.M department having a experienced Vice President. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd established the line and staff type of organization. Personnel department is under direct control of vice president Senior Manager is responsible to vice president. The main functions of personnel department of Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. Is 1) To recruitment of employee. 2) To conduct interview for selection of efficient person. 3) To make man power planning. 4) To give gudence, and motivation to the employee. 5) To dealing with transfer and promotion. 6) Wage and salary administration. 7) To maintain the personnel records. RECRUITMENT, & PLACEMENT Recruitment:Employee are the asset of the company, so it to get skilful person for proper management of man, machine, money and material. This process is held by Personnel Department. The process of recruitment gets started because of transfer, dismissal or promotion of the employee. The person in charge gives advertisement through various means of communications like new paper, Television, Magazine etc. The recruitment is may be on (1) At management and administration level. (2) At staff level. (3) At worker level.

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Selection process:Generally the following procedure is taken into consideration while selection the member. 1) Choose proper media for Advertisement. 2) Accept all the application, and analysis them. 3) Select applicant on the basis of application. 4) Sand them call latter. 5) Conduct personal interview. 6) Then selected employees is given an Appointment letter and make induction in the organization. PROMOTION AND TRANSFER POLICY PROMOTION POLICY:"Promotion" is referce to the more authority, salary, and more responsibility. In GujaratAmbuja Cement Ltd., they use only only performance basis promotion. So, employees are promoted on the basis of their skill, performance and their achievement level . TRANSFER POLICY:"Transfer referred to the transfer of person in other department, or on other site with same authority, responsibility, and same salary. In Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd., the workers are shifted internally in shift A to B, B to C, and C to A. WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION Wage and salary are most use full to give motivation to the employee. Wage and salary means the monitory reward paid to the employee on behalf of his work. In Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. they pays salary to Employees and Wages to labours And other allowances are paid. The amount of wage & salary paid depends on grades. A Grade / Management Category are..Basic salary + house Rent Allowance + 10% provident Fund + Medical Allowance + medical Allowance + Vehicle Allowance + Bonus + D.A. OVERTIME PAYMENT :Overtime payment is admissible toward wage board workers only. The overtime payment is made on the basis of overtime memo received from the department head. EXTRA DUTY INTIMATION:If In accident case worker may loose his efficiency of performing the present job. In such cases company make transfer of the employee and if he is not able to work at all the units, the unit pays a reward to employee.On the event of death of a workman the wages and other dues shall be paid to the nominee as declared under the provident fund Act.1952. PROVIDENT FUND POLICY The Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. Has to follow Provident fund Act 1952.Provident fund will be deducted from salary of employee at a rate of 12%.

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DETAILS ARE AS UNDER :Employees contribution @ 12% will be deposited in provident fund account. Employers contribution @ 12 will be deposited in two different accounts a follows. Deducting 8.33% goes to pension account. And 3.67% goes to P.F. Accou COLLECTIVE BARGAINING:Collective bargaining is negotiation between an employer or a group of workers to reach at agreement on working condition. It is also considered as one of the remedial measure to set industrial dispute.There is no formal collective bargaining in Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. If their were Any problem arise it is solved by management and lab our unions. Bymeeting and the decisions making. TRADE UNION: According to Section 2(b) of Trade Union Act of 1926.Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has no formal trade union. There is oneactive labour union known as "Gujarat Ambuja Cement Karmachari Sangh".It is only the union which fights for the rights of workers & solves the disputes. PERSONNEL RECORDS Personnel record is a very important thing which includes name, address, date of birth, qualifications, hobby, experience etc. and as it helps to take timely decisions. It also preserves evidence for future reference or use. Looking to the importance of personnel records Gujarat Ambuja CementLtd. has maintained separate file for each and every necessary details. EMPLOYEES BENEFICIAL SERVICES The personal management is tried to focus on employee and employer to give best services. Thus it increases the satisfaction and the long run income of the company. The Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd., provide the best services to their employee. The facilities provided by the organization to the employees is as under. (A) EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES : The Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has its own English medium school situated in Kodinar city. The fees are very normal so, that a common person canable to provide their child a better education. (B) MEDICAL FACILITIES : The unit has its own medical center established in colony when any family member of employee or himself is sick he can directly visit to the nearby hospital and can go under Medical treatment. In case of any injury or accidents the company pays the full expenditure, incurred for the treatment of worker. During his rest period he would get the salary of those days.

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(C) LEAVE FACILITIES : The following are the leave facilities provided by the company to the employees: Festival Leave : All the workmen are granted National and social Festival holidays Sick Leave : The unit grants 12 days as a sick leave to the employees. He can take leave for 12 days in one year for his sickness. Casual Leave A workman may be granted Casual leave of absence with pay not exceeding 7 days. Privilege leave : Privilege leave is the leave for workers only. The workers can get a privilege leave if he works for continuous 209days. (D) CANTEEN FACILITIES : The Gujarat Cement also provides a good canteen, where every worker can go and take refreshments and snacks at cheap rates andhygienic than other stuffs available in the market. (E) OTHER ALLOWANCE : 1) Health Allowance : Health allowance is provided 5 % of the basic salary to the worker who works near the boiler, kiln etc. where the temperature is very high. 2) House rent allowance : The unit has its own residential building constructed within the unit. This makes the workmen easy to reach. It can provide quarters to all workmen. (F) TRANSPORT FACILITY : Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has its own bus which travelling from Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. to Kodinar and Veraval. In workers bus they travel freely (no fare). There is even one school bus facility provided too. (G) BANKING FACILITY : Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has its own banking facility provided. (H) RECREATION AND SPORTS : In its residential colony the unit has build up a recreation and sports club. The club is facilitated by out door & in door games. The club has a library too. (i) LIBRARY FACILITIES : The unit has its well developed library. This has many types of Newspapers in May languages and many magazines Indian and Abroad.

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MARKETINNG PERSPECTIVE 1. INTRODUCTION: The term marketing is derived from Latin word marcutus which means a place were business is conducted. Market: - The market means a place where buyer and seller meet each other and the deal finalize. Marketing: - marketing means to delivered goods and services at a right time, at a right place, and to the right person. its known as marketing. The bases of marketing are selling of the product. But the term marketing is very wide and various. The marketing head office of Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. at Mumbai which includes the Marketing Department of Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. Is in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and other stat of the country and also in foreign country. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd.covers sales area in South Gujarat, Mid Gujarat, North Gujarat, Saurashtra and Kutch, Gandhinagar and Kheda. Marketing is starts with humans needs and wants. People wont their basic need like food, air, water clothing & shelter to survive. The human wants are unlimited, various, and wide so, the marketing process will never become stop. 2. ORGANISATION OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT it is true that the human wants are unlimited, various, and wide so, it is a responsibility of Marketing Department to organization its department in such a way that it can help to satisfy the human wants. It does not help in the sales and distribution of the goods and services only but it also help to customers satisfaction. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has its head marketing office at Mumbai. The unit has adopted the marketing strategy of Geographical area wise. In Gujarat the burden of marketing is carried by private marketing agency MITCO which is situated at Ahmedabad. The Organisation structure of Marketing department of G.A.C.L. MANAGING DIRECTOR MANAGING MARKETING MANAGER ASST. MANAGER SENIOR SALES OFFICER SALES OFFICER SENIOR EXECUTIVES MARKET REPRESENTATIVE

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3. PRODUCT PLANNING To satisfy customer needs and wants product planning is essential. Many products affect some factor like geographic factor, cultural factor, social factor, demographical factor, psychological factor, and many others. Product planning is related following matters. 1. Product mix { Product width, line, depth, & distribution Channel} 2. Packing 3. Labeling 4. Branding 5. After sales service 6. Organizing 7. Product research

The main product of G.A.C.L is cement and Product planning of G.A.C.L is as under Port land pozoland cement [PPC] High strength ordinary port land cement [HSOPC] 53 grade cement. Special cement for railway etc.

In product planning the product, which is demanded the most is paid more attention. G.A.C.L. has also done the same. This unit has paid more attention to OPC because it is demanded more G.A.C.L. products other types of also but only anticipation of its demand for e.g. in Narrmada Project, PPC was demanded which was fulfilled only by G.A.C.L. G.A.C.L. has paid special attention for the quality maintenance. The quality test is held everyday and every after one hour taken by G.A.C.L. for only maintaining a standard quality, and because of this it got the ISI mark. It has been given. ISO 2000 [ For pollution free production ] ISO-9002 [ For quality ]

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4. MARKET SEGMENTATION Market Segmentation is a process of dividing total heterogeneous market into various segments. Each segments tends to be homogeneous in all significant accepts, for the purpose of selecting one or more segment as a target market for a company and separate marketing mean is a reward to be developed for even segment. It is an act of classifying consumers on the basis of their characteristics to select target market. There are two type of market segmentation in G.A.C.L : 1. Consumer Oriented Segmentation. 2. Product Oriented Segmentation. Market can be divided on Geographic Segmentation, Psychographic Segmentation and Demographic basis. G.A.C.L. has adopted market Segmentation mainly on two bases. (1). Consumers. Segmentation. (2). Geographic Segmentation.

(1) consumer Segmentation: it is divided in 3 division in G.A.C.L . A. The general public segment. B. The Government segment. C. The contractor segment. (2). geographical Segmentation: it is divided in 2 division in the G.A.C.L. at Bombay covers the region of Rajasthan, M.P., Maharashtra etc. while Ahmedabad covers only Gujarat because it forms the major part of G.A.C.L. market. Because of quality G.A.C.L. taking maximum benefits of market response. As a result G.A.C.L. is the market leader in Gujarat. Market segmentation are use full as under. 1. Maximum market for the product can be achieved. 2. Market gets new opportunities. 3. Selecting of channel of distribution. 4. Selecting advertising media.

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5. PRICING POLICY: Price is the main factor to satisfy the customer. Prices are known by different names like - fees, fare, rant, commission etc. The pricing policy is directly or indirectly affects the fixed cost, variable cost, Government policy etc. (A) COST ORIENTED PRICING: in this product the price is decided as per the cost of product and it is also known as target pricing. (B) DEMAND ORIENTED PRICING : In this product the price is decided as per the consumer demand. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. has many competitors in India and other country also. So, they have set prices taking into consideration all of them. Thus, the prices are always fluctuating it is also fluctuated by government. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. looks upon following factors for determining prices :(1) Cost of production. (2) Advertising. (3) Distribution cost. (4) Sales promotion cost. Gujarat Ambuja Cement Ltd. provides some motivation like gifts, discounts; commission etc. for increases the efficiency of the dealers, stockiest to sell more. 6. SALES PROMOTION Sales promotion is a key which opens the door of selling in the competitive market. Sales promotion is help full for increase the selling because it is one type of advertisement for EX: giving a free sample and sales promotional services. To increase selling G.A.C.L. has applied sales promotional stapes at three level like. 1) AT DEALERR LEVEL : The unit offer some benefit like cash discount, quality discount, training to their dealers for dealing properly with consumer. 2) AT SALESMAN LEVEL : Different skims offers to the salesman for increase the sales volume by giving fixed target,If he is able to complete his target, he will be rewarded monetary, non monetary or he got gift by the company. 3) AT CONSUMER LEVEL :

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By G.A.C.L. consumer gets benefit of different types of cement at high quality and gats other social benefit. Sales promotion is not expenditure, it is an investment which is an integral part of marketing to beat competitor. Advertising is the modern medium of communicating between buyer and seller. Advertising is a process of increasing customer tasted towards products. A better advertisement can work as neculier bomb to beat the competitor in the market. The G.A.C.L. has separate advertising budget committee and the budget is fixed. Advertisement may be on quality, new idea, their services etc. The main objective of G.A.C.L. to making advertisement of ambuja cement is quality and strength. The G.A.C.L. has made contract with "TRIKAYA" - A private advertisement agency and it is make advertisement by. 1) Print Media : G.A.C.L. gives advertisement in the news paper and Magazines. By regular period. 2) Out Door Media : G.A.C.L. gives advertisement on poster, holdings, wall painting, T.V, radio and internet by regular period.

YEARS SALES(IN CRORE)

2007 5631

2008 6220

2009 7077

2010 7390

2012 8515

Series 1
9000 8000 7000 SALES(IN CRORES) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2007 2008 2009 YEAR 2010 2011

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8. ADVERTISEMENT Advertising is the modern medium of communicating between buyer and seller. Advertising is a process of increasing customer tasted towards products. A better advertisement can work as neculier bomb to beat the competitor in the market. The G.A.C.L. has separate advertising budget committee and the budget is fixed. Advertisement may be on quality, new idea, their services etc. The main objective of G.A.C.L. to making advertisement of ambuja cement is quality and strength. The G.A.C.L. has made contract with "TRIKAYA" - A private advertisement agency and it is make advertisement by. 1) Print Media : G.A.C.L. gives advertisement in the news paper and Magazines. By regular period. 2) Out Door Media : G.A.C.L. gives advertisement on poster, holdings, wall painting, T.V, radio and internet by regular period.

9. MARKETING RESEARCH Marketing research is very important element to find out the customer satisfaction, product sales, distribution channels, pricing, advertising. It also helpful to sales fore casting for company's product which is related to future planning. In G.A.C.L marketing research is held and controlled by the Bombay head office. Marketing research is also giving the idea about fashion, taste, social factor, physiographic factor etc. The G.A.C.L. makes marketing research by two ways (1). Experimental method It is making for check the distribution channel, advertising strategies etc. (2). Survey method : The G.A.C.L. make survey method By conducting the personal interviews, by research marketing to find out effect of advertisement, sales volume, distribution channel etc.

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FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE Introduction Money is the life blood of business Money is one type of factor of production which is known as capital. It is sure that the money is required for starting of the business, expantation, for development of new unit, and liquidation of the business. Thus the money is required the starting of business to liquidation of business of the business. The money is work as lubricant oil in the business. So, without money the business can not even start. So the company has to attention on how they get money, how they utilize the money, how they invest it to get maximum interest this all the thing is known as financial management. FINANCE means procurement of fund and maximum utilization of fund which available in the business. So, it is required to control on the money and it known as financial management. Financial management is a planning, efficient allocation of funds and control on the money. Financial information is required for : 1. Share holder. 2. Creditors Looking to the importance of financial management G.A.C.L. has established a separate financial department which is made financial budget for all over the company and solves the problem of finance in the company BANKERS The G.A.C.L is gating finance or banking facility by Bank of India Dena Bank Bank of Baroda Punjab national Bank ANZ Grind lays Bank

4. CAPITALIZATION Capitalization means total funds required for doing business, funds like equity fund, borrow fund, fixed asset, current asset etcas per financial point of view capitalization is required for earning fair rate of return on the investment. In other word, the Capitalization refers to the decision regarding the total requirements of long term funds

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Types of capitalization : There are three type of capitalization (1). OVER CAPITALIZATION. It Means the real value of share is reduced then the book value of the asset. It occurs when the real value of the assets is less than the long term funds of company. (2). UNDER CAPITALIZATION It Menace real value of share is higher than book value of the assets. It occurs when the real value of the assets are more than the long term funds of company. (3). FAIR CAPITALIZATION It menace real value of share & book value asset is equalize each other 5. CAPITAL STRUCTURE The G.A.C.L is public limited company so the company has issued the equity share capital which is known as long term capital. To handle capital structure is very difficult task. Capital structure of the company involves many functions like borrowed capital, owner's capital, share capital. Borrowed capital means the capital borrowed from the out spiders. It may be an other company, some banks or from some industries share capital means capital gain from funds and shares. The capital structure of GUJARAT AMBUJA CEMENT LTD. Is as. Table 6. MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS Generally there are two types of assets: (1). Fixed Assets :- The fixed asset are those asset which gives long time benefit in the business like plant, machinery, equipment, building etc. The investment in fixed asset of G.A.C.L. is RS. 3469.89 (in cores). The design of plant is derived from the Germany; it was the latest cement plant in Asia. (2). Current Assets:- The current asset are such asset which gives short time benefit and which are use day to day in business. Like inventories, cash and bank, loan and advance.

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CURRENT RATIO YEAR CURRENT RATIO 2007 1.36 2008 1.59 2009 1.14 2010 1.31 2011 1.42

1.6 1.4 1.2

CURRENT RATIO

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2007 2008 2009 YEAR 2010 2011

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Here the highest current ratio in 2008 and second highest was in 2012. In 2007 it was low. In 2009 it was lowest. In 2010 it was high.

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PERFORMENCE OF G.A.C.L IN NET PROFIT

YEAR NET PROFIT

2007 1769

2008 1402

2009 1218

2010 1264

2011 1229

2000 NET PROFIT 1500 1000 500 0 2007 2008 2009 YEAR 2010 2011

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Here the highest net profit was in 2007 and then it decreased consequently in 2008 and 2009. In 2010 the profit increased and again it increased a bit more in 2011.

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PLACES VISITED

SHIMLA Shimla is the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, located in northern India .It is bounded by Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, the state of Uttaranchal in the southeast and Solan & Sirmaur to the south . The elevation of the city ranges from 300 to 6000 metres. Shimla is well known as a hub for India's tourism sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in India. As of 2011 Shimla comprises 19 erstwhile hill states mainly Balson, Bushahr, Bhaji and Koti, Darkoti, Tharoch & Dhadi,Kumharsain, Khaneti & Delath, Dhami, Jubbal, Keothal, Madhan, Rawingarh, Ratesh, and Sangri. Shimla lies in the north-western ranges of the Himalayas. It is located at 3137N 7706E / 31.61N 77.10E with an average altitude of 2397.59 meters (7866.10 ft) above mean sea level, the city is spread on a ridge and its seven spurs. The city stretches nearly 9.2 km from east to west. The highest point in Shimla, at 2454 meters (8051 ft), is the Jakhoo hill. Shimla is a Zone IV (High Damage Risk Zone) per the Earthquake hazard zoning of India. Places visited

The Mall is the main shopping street of Shimla. It also has many restaurants, clubs, banks, bars, Post Offices and tourist offices. The Gaiety Theatre is also situated there. People walk up and down The Mall slowly, stopping to gossip, as it is the main meeting place for everyone. The Ridge and Scandal Point are the two main meeting points at The Mall. Christ Church: Situated on The Ridge, Christ Church is the second oldest church in Northern India. It has a very majestic appearance and inside there are stained glass windows which represent faith, hope, charity, fortitude, patience and humility.

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. DHARMASALA Dharamshala is a city in the upper reaches of the Kangra Valley and is surrounded by dense coniferous forest consisting mainly of stately Deodars. The suburbs of the town includes -McLeodGanj, Bhagsunath, Dharamkot, Naddi, ForsythGanj, Kotwali Bazaar (the main market of the town), Kaccheri Adda (government offices such as the court, police, post etc.), Dari, Ramnagar, Sidhpur and Sidhbari (where the Karmapa is based) The village of McLeodGanj lying in the upper reaches is known worldwide for the presence of the Tenzin Gyatso. On 29 April 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama established the Tibetan exile administration in the north Indian hill station of Mussoorie. In May 1960, the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) was moved to Dharamshala. Dharamshala is the centre of the Tibetan exile world in India. Following the 1959 Tibetan uprising there was an influx of Tibetan refugees who followed the 14th Dalai Lama. His presence and the Tibetan population has made Dharamshala a popular destination for Indian and foreign tourists, including students studying Tibet. One of the main attractions of Dharamshala is Triund hill. Jewel of Dharamshala, Triund is one day trek at the upper reaches of McLeodGanj, located at a distance of about 9 kilometres from McLeodGanj.

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DALHOUSIE Dalhousie is a hill station in the northern state of Himachal Pradesh, India.The Dalhousie Town was named after Lord Dalhousie who was the British Governor-General in India while establishing this place as a summer retreat. Dalhousie is a hill station in Himachal Pradesh, established in 1854 by the British Empire in India as a summer retreat for its troops and bureaucrats. It is built on and around five hills. Located on the western edge of the Dhauladhar mountain range of the Himalayas, it is surrounded by snow-capped peaks. Dalhousie is situated between 6,000 and 9,000 feet (2,700 m) above sea level. The best time to visit is in the summer, and the peak tourist season is from May to September. Scottish and Victorian architecture is prevalent in the bungalows and churches in the town. Dalhousie is a gateway to the ancient Chamba Hill State, now Chamba District of the state of Himachal Pradesh of India. This hill region is a repository of ancient Hindu culture, art, temples, and handicrafts preserved under the longest-running single dynasty since the mid-6th century. Chamba is the hub of this culture. Bharmour, the ancient capital of this kingdom, is home to the Gaddi and Gujjar tribes and has 84 ancient temples dating from the 7th10th century AD.

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GOLDEN TEMPLE The Harmandir Sahib Darbar Sahib and informally referred to as the Golden Temple is a prominent Sikh Gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. Construction of the Gurdwara was begun by Guru Ram Das ji, the fourth Sikh Guru, and completed by his successor, Guru Arjan Dev ji. In 1604, Guru Arjan Dev ji completed the Adi Granth, the holy scripture of Sikhism, and installed it in the Gurdwara. In 1634, Guru Hargobind left Amritsar for the Shivalik Hills and for the remainder of the seventeenth century the city and Gurdwara was in the hands of forces hostile to the Sikh Gurus.[4] During the eighteenth century, Sri Harmandir Sahib was the site of frequent fighting between the Sikhs on one side and either Mughal or Afghan forces on the other side and the Gurdwara occasionally suffered damage. In the early nineteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh secured the Punjab region from outside attack and covered the upper floors of the Gurdwara with gold, which gives it its distinctive appearance and English name of "Golden Temple".[4] The present day Golden Temple was rebuilt in 1764 by Maharaja Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (1718 1783) with the help of other MislSikh chieftains.The gold plating of all the domes of Sri Darbar Sahib was done by Maharaja Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's descendents. Between 18021830 Ranjit Singh did the sewa of adding gold plating and marble to the Gurdwara, while the interior was decorated with fresco work and gemstones. Architecturally, the Darbar Sahib has unique construction influences combining Muslim, Hindu and European design principles.

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JALLIANWALA BAGH The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (also known as the Amritsar massacre), took place in the Jallianwala Bagh public garden in the northern Indian city of Amritsar on 13 April 1919. The shooting that took place was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald E.H. Dyer. On Sunday 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and thus he banned all meetings. On hearing that a meeting of 15,000 to 20,000 people including women, senior citizens and children had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with fifty riflemen to a raised bank and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer kept the firing up till the ammunition supply was almost exhausted for about ten minutes with approximately 1,650 rounds fired.[1] Official Government of India sources estimated that the fatalities were 379, with 1,100 wounded. The casualty number estimated by Indian National Congress was more than 1,500, with approximately 1,000 getting killed.[2] Dyer was removed from duty and forced to retire. He became a celebrated hero in Britain among people with connections to the British Raj.[3] The massacre caused a revaluation of the Army's role in which the new policy became minimum force, and the Army was retrained and developed suitable tactics such as crowd control.[4] Historians considered the episode as a decisive step towards the end of British.[5]

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WAGAH Wagah is the only road border crossing between Pakistan and India,[1] and lies on the Grand Trunk Road between the cities of Amritsar, Punjab, India and Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Wagah itself is a village through which the controversial Radcliffe Line, the boundary demarcation line dividing India and Pakistan upon the Partition of India, was drawn.[2] The village was divided by independence in 1947. Today, the eastern half of the village remains in the Republic of India while the western half is in Pakistan. It is particularly known for the elaborate Wagah border ceremony that happens at the border gate before sunset each day

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BIBLIOGRAPHY www.google .com www.scribd.com www.ambujacement.ltd

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