Bell R&D Failure Criteria for Updated BJSFM code. Three basic ply level failure criteria were selected by Bell to be coded into BJSFM: - Axial fiber stress failure criteria - Fiber Maximum Shear Strain criteria - Interacted matrix transverse stress and matrix shear stress criteria fiber criteria are used to predict ultimate strength matrix failure indices are calculated and output for informational purposes.
Bell R&D Failure Criteria for Updated BJSFM code. Three basic ply level failure criteria were selected by Bell to be coded into BJSFM: - Axial fiber stress failure criteria - Fiber Maximum Shear Strain criteria - Interacted matrix transverse stress and matrix shear stress criteria fiber criteria are used to predict ultimate strength matrix failure indices are calculated and output for informational purposes.
Bell R&D Failure Criteria for Updated BJSFM code. Three basic ply level failure criteria were selected by Bell to be coded into BJSFM: - Axial fiber stress failure criteria - Fiber Maximum Shear Strain criteria - Interacted matrix transverse stress and matrix shear stress criteria fiber criteria are used to predict ultimate strength matrix failure indices are calculated and output for informational purposes.
Stephen Ward, SW Composites Carl Rousseau, Bell Helicopter/Textron 41st Mil-Handbook-17 Meeting Denver CO, June 2000 May 20, 2000 Page 2 BJSFM (Bolted Joint Stress Field Model) Static strength of loaded hole in composite laminate Lekhnitskii 2D anisotropic stress field Bypass loads Bearing loads Failure criteria evaluated at distance, d 0 , from hole edge May 20, 2000 Page 3 Bell R&D Failure Criteria Three basic ply level failure criteria were selected by Bell to be coded into BJSFM: Axial fiber stress failure criteria Fiber maximum shear strain criteria Interacted matrix transverse stress and matrix shear stress criteria Fiber criteria are used to predict ultimate strength Matrix failure indices are calculated and output for informational purposes Although 3D stress components are included, only in-plane stress values are calculated by BJSFM New criteria added for use with SVELT 3D stress model May 20, 2000 Page 4 Material Strength Parameters FXT - tensile strength in 1 direction (tape fiber direction, fabric warp direction) FXC - compressive strength in 1 direction FYT - tensile strength in 2 direction (fabric fill direction) FYC - compressive strength in 2 direction FXY - shear strength in 12 plane FXZ - shear strength in 13 plane FYZ - shear strength in 23 plane FZT - tensile strength in 3 direction FZC- compressive strength in 3 direction May 20, 2000 Page 5 Fiber Tension Criteria Maximum stress criteria for fiber tensile stresses if 11 > 0 FXT FI 11 tu f
May 20, 2000 Page 6
Fiber Compression Criteria Based on Boeing experimental and numerical evidence that increasing shear stress results in lower compressive capability due to shear induced buckling. if 11 < 0 FXS = min (FXY, FXZ) kfc = shear term exponent for fiber compression criteria ( 0.5 kfc 100) kfc is used to select degree of interaction from linear (0.5) to small (100). Boeing data suggests kfc should be between 0.5 and 1.0. kfc 2 2 13 2 12 11 cu f FXS FXC FI 1 ] 1
May 20, 2000 Page 7
Fiber Maximum Shear Strain Cut-Off Developed to truncate fiber dominated predictions of in- plane shear failures Imposed either to limit shear strains in the matrix or to predict fiber failures under biaxial loads Documented in papers by John Hart-Smith May 20, 2000 Page 8 Fiber Maximum Shear Strain Cut-Off May 20, 2000 Page 9 Fiber Maximum Shear Strain Cut-Off if sign( 11 ) sign( 22 ) FET = (1+ 12 ) FXT/E 1 if 11 > 0. and 22 < 0. FET = (1+ 12 E 2 /E 1 ) FYT/E 2 if 11 < 0. and 22 > 0. FEC = (1+ 12 E 2 /E 1 ) FYC/E 2 if 11 > 0. and 22 < 0. FEC = (1+ 12 ) FXC/E 1 if 11 < 0. and 22 > 0. kfs = scale factor for fiber max shear strain allowable ( 0.0 kfs 100) kfs is used to adjust amount of cutoff applied in the 2 nd and 4 th quadrants of 11 - 22 plane Use kfs = 1.0 for Hart-Smith fiber shear cutoff criteria ) FEC , FET max( ) kfs ( FI 22 11 su f +
May 20, 2000 Page 10
Matrix Failure Criteria Quadratic interaction involving the normal stress in a plane transverse to the fiber, and the longitudinal and transverse shear stresses. Based on the work of Hashin and others. Designed to predict transverse matrix cracking (due to high stresses transverse to the fiber) and/or delaminations (due to high shear stresses). The failure index is evaluated for the angle that gives the maximum value of the index. May 20, 2000 Page 11 Matrix Failure Criteria if nn > 0 if nn < 0
nn = ( 22 + 33 ) + ( 22
33 )cos 2 + 23 sin 2,
t = maximum compressive value of 22 or 33
nt = ( 33 - 22 )sin 2 + 23 cos 2,
nl = 12 cos + 13 sin, and is the angle at which FI m u is a maximum 2 nl 2 nt 2 nn u m FXS FYZ FNT FI
, _
, _
, _
2 t nl 2 t nt 2 nn u m FXS FYZ FNC FI
, _
, _
, _
May 20, 2000 Page 12
Matrix Failure Criteria FNT = min (FYT, FZT) FNC = min (FYC, FZC) FXS = min (FXY, FXZ) = shear strength increase factor due to transverse compression (0.0 2) A value of = 0.5 is suggested. (ref: DOT/FAA/AR-95/109, Comparative Evaluation of Failure Analysis Methods for Composite Laminates, pg. 26) May 20, 2000 Page 13 Matrix Failure Criteria Shear strength increase factor due to transverse compression May 20, 2000 Page 14 Failure Envelope - Unnotched Laminate Bell R&D BJSFM1 Unnotched Biaxial Failure Envelope IM6/3501-6 tape, RTA -0.020 -0.015 -0.010 -0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 -0.020 -0.015 -0.010 -0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 Axial Strain (in/in) T r a n s v e r s e
S t r a i n
( i n / i n ) 62/29/9 33/56/11 16/64/20 4/87/9 90 ply fiber tension 0 ply fiber tension 90 ply fiber compression 0 ply fiber compression 45 plies fiber compression 45 plies fiber compression 90 max shear strain criteria 0 & 90 max shear strain criteria Plot calculated using CLPT stress field and new failure criteria May 20, 2000 Page 15 Summary New failure criteria added to BJSFM to facilitate research into improved bolted joint strength prediction BJSFM code revised to improve usability and output additional data for generating failure envelopes On-going work by RITA: Incorporation of SVELT 3D stress solution into BJSFM Evaluation of failure criteria Evaluation of characteristic dimension vs. local damage parameter approaches for notched strength prediction
Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites X: A Collection of Papers Presented at the 39th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites