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PROBLEM5.

126
KNOWN: Sudden exposure of the surface of a thick slab, initially at a uniform temperature,
to convection and to surroundings at a high temperature.
FIND: (a) Explicit, finite-difference equation for the surface node in terms of Fo, Bi, Bi
r
, (b)
Stability criterion; whether it is more restrictive than that for an interior node and does it
change with time, and (c) Temperature at the surface and at 30mm depth for prescribed
conditions after 1 minute exposure.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional transient conduction, (2) Thick slab may be
approximated as semi-infinite medium, (3) Constant properties, (4) Radiation exchange is
between small surface and large surroundings.
ANALYSIS: (a) The explicit form of the FDE for
the surface node may be obtained by applying an
energy balance to a control volume about the node.
( ) ( )
in out conv rad cond st
p p
o p p
1
o r sur o
E E q q q E
T T
h T T h T T k 1
x

'' '' '' '' '' '' = + + =

+ +
A

p+1 p
o o
T T x
c 1
2 t

A (
=
(
A

(1)
where the radiation process has been linearized, Eq. 1.9.
( ) ( )
2
p p p p 2
r r o sur o sur sur
0
h h T , T T T T T . co
| |
(
= = + +
|
| (

\ .
(2)
Divide Eq. (1) by cAx/2At and regroup using these definitions to obtain the FDE:
( )
2
r r
Fo k/ c t/ x Bi h x/k Bi h x/k A A A A (3,4,5)
( )
( )
p+1 p p
o r sur r o
1
T 2Fo Bi T Bi T T 1 2 Bi Fo 2Bi Fo 2Fo T .

= + + + (6) <
(b) The stability criterion for Eq. (6) requires that the coefficient of
p
o
T be positive.
( ) ( )
r r
1 2Fo Bi Bi 1 0 or Fo 1/2 Bi Bi 1 . + + > s + + (7) <
The stability criterion for an interior node, Eq. 5.82, is Fo s 1/2. Since Bi + Bi
r
> 0, the
stability criterion of the surface node is more restrictive. Note that Bi
r
is not constant but
depends upon h
r
which increases with increasing
p
o
T (time). Hence, the restriction on Fo
increases with increasing
p
o
T (time).
Continued
PROBLEM 5.126 (Cont.)
(c) Consider the prescribed conditions with negligible convection (Bi = 0). The FDEs for the
thick slab are:
Surface (0)
( )
( )
p p+1 p
o r sur r o
1
T 2Fo Bi Fo Bi T T 1 2Bi Fo 2Bi Fo 2Fo T = + + + (8)
Interior (m>1)
( )
( )
p+1 p p p
m m
m+1 m-1
T Fo T T 1 2Fo T = + + (9,5,7,3)
The stability criterion from Eq. (7) with Bi = 0 is,
( )
r
Fo 1/2 1 Bi s + (10)
To proceed with the explicit, marching solution, we need to select a value of At (Fo) that will
satisfy the stability criterion. A few trial calculations are helpful. A value of At = 15s
provides Fo = 0.105, and using Eqs. (2) and (5), h
r
(300K, 1000K) = 72.3 W/m
2
K and Bi
r
=
0.482. From the stability criterion, Eq. (10), find Fo s 0.337. With increasing
p
o
T , h
r
and Bi
r
increase: h
r
(800K, 1000K) = 150.6 W/m
2
K, Bi
r
= 1.004 and Fo s 0.249. Hence, if
p
o
T 800K, t 15s or Fo 0.105 < A = = satisfies the stability criterion.
Using At = 15s or Fo = 0.105 with the FDEs, Eqs. (8) and (9), the results of the solution are
tabulated below. Note how
p p
r r
h and Bi are evaluated at each time increment. Note that t =
pAt, where At = 15s.
p t(s) T h Bi
o r
p
r
/ / T1(K) T
2
T
3
T
4
.
0 0 300 300 300 300 300
72.3
0.482
1 15 370.867 300 300 300 300
79.577
0.5305
2 30 426.079 307.441 300 300 300
85.984
0.5733
3 45 470.256 319.117 300.781 300 300
91.619
0.6108
4 60 502.289 333.061 302.624 300.082 300
After 60s(p = 4), T
o
(0, 1 min) = 502.3K and T
3
(30mm, 1 min) = 300.1K. <
COMMENTS: (1) The form of the FDE representing the surface node agrees with Eq. 5.90
if this equation is reduced to one-dimension.
(2) We should recognize that the At = 15s time increment represents a coarse step. To
improve the accuracy of the solution, a smaller At should be chosen.

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