Professional Documents
Culture Documents
, Mumbai
BRIMSTOWAD
(Brihan Mumbai St (B ih M b i Storm Water Drainage Master Plan) W t D i M t Pl )
Carried out during 1990 93 by Watson Hawksley 1990-93 (now MWH) in association with AIC India Private Limited Investigated i d th various aspects of storm water d i I ti t d in-depth, i t f t t drainage system in Mumbai Formulated proposals f d l F l t d l for development and maintenance of th t d i t f the system Provided P id d a programme of capital works (1993 2005) (600 f i l k (1993-2005) crores at 1993 level to alleviate chronic flooding problems in Mumbai Due to limitations of funds, very few of the recommendations were i l implemented. t d
2
Unprecedented flooding in Mumbai on 26/27 July 2005. Total rainfall manually measured at Santacruz 005. ota a a a ua y easu ed Sa tac u was 944.2mm
200 190.3 Rainfall(m mm) 150 100.4 100 4
100
100.2
50
60.2
42.5
48.2
0 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 8:00 9:00 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00
Time (hrs)
Government of M h G t f Maharashtra appointed a F t Fi di ht i t d Fact Finding Committee (FFC) to investigate causes and suggest recommendations. d ti
3
Greater
Rational Method
Applicable for smaller Catchments upto 65 Ha
Rational Method
6 months to 1 year 1.25 to 2 years 2.25 to 3 years 3.25 t 3 25 to 4 years 5 to 10 years y Where,
80.99 FREQ0.2041 Q (DUR 1.93)0.3246 105.44 FREQ0.0898 (DUR 3.21)0 2793 3 21)0.2793
165.39 FREQ0.4697 Q (DUR +19.44)0.6433 7606.12 FREQ0.5680 (DUR +101.97)1 4273 +101 97)1.4273
FREQ is Frequency in months; DUR is Duration in minutes * Chawathe et. al., Journal Institute of Engineers (India), Vol. 58, October 1977
No Development Zone
National Park
10
ReturnPeriod
1 in 1 year 1 in 2 year 1 in 5 year 1 in 10 year 1 in 15 year 1 i 30 year in 2 in 1 year
150.00
11
ReturnPeriod
1 in 1 year 1 in 2 year 1 in 5 year 1 in 10 year 1 in 15 year 1 in 30 year 2 in 1 year
150.00
12
Consider IDF curve for a given frequency g q y Use INFOWORKS Software Input a, b, c for the given frequency INFOWORKS outputs Chicago Curve
13
i = F(t) = a [(1-c)t + b] (t + b)1 + c Where, i is the Intensity mm/hr; t is the Duration in minutes and a, b and c are constants; For a specific frequency
14
Design Hyetographs
500
ReturnPeriod
400 2in1 1in1 1in2
Intensity (m mm/hr)
300
200
100
0 0 1 2 Duration(hours) 3 4
15
Design Hyetographs
800 700
600
1in15 1in30
400
300
200
100
16
Design Hyetographs
500
ReturnPeriod
400 2in1 1in1 1in2
Intensity(mm/hr)
300
200
100
0 0 1 2 Duration (hours) 3 4
17
Design Hyetographs
1200 1000
ReturnPeriod
1in5 1in10 1in15 1in30
600
400
200
0 0 1 2 Duration (hours) 3 4
18
Tides
Rise and fall of sea levels caused by y combined effects of rotation of earth and gravitational forces exerted by moon and sun Most coastal areas experience two daily high and two daily low tides. Tide levels are influenced by wind, precipitation, currents of water and global temperature variation. g p The two high waters HH and HL are not of the same height. Similar is the case for two low water LL and LH Around new and full moon, the tidal range (difference between high and low waters) is maximum (Spring Tide) and when the moon is at first quarter or third quarter the tidal range is 19 minimum (Neap Tide)
Tidal Analysis y
Daily Tide Levels; High high (HH), High low (HL), Low high (LH) and Low low (LL) were collected. *Apollo Bunder: 1986-2008 (Predicted) *Trombay: Trombay: 2004 2008 2004-2008 (Predicted) * *Apollo Bunder: 2005 and 2006 (Actual observed) p ( ) *Source: * *Source: Maharashtra Maritime Board, Mumbai Survey of India, Dehradun
20
National Park
Thane Creek
Arabian Sea
No Development Zone
21
1987
1988
1989
2005
2006
2007
25
24
23
Correlation Coefficient = 0.965; ; Regression Equation: Actual Level = 0.965 Predicted level + 0.901
24
Base Curves
27.0 26.155 26.0 25.0 24.0 23.831 23.0 23.111 22.0 0 100 200 300 400 25.721 25.721 25 721
HH HL
HL
LH LL
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
City (except north-east catchments) and Western Suburbs (Apollo Bunder data)
28.0 27.0 26.0 25.0 25 0 24.0 27.232 27 232 26.737 26.737
HH HL
HL
LH LL
23.782
24.623
23.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
26
Base Curves were adjusted by adding Long term rise in sea level of 225mm in 25 years Long term rise in sea level of 900mm in 100 years
27
Long Term Tidal Curves for City (except north-east north east catchments) and Western Suburbs
28.0 27.0 26.0 25.0 25 0 24.0 23.0 0 100 200 300 25.946
HL
HH
26.380
25.946
HL
LL
23.336 400 500 600 700 800 900
LH
1000
24.056
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
HL
HH
26.621
HL
LH
24.0 23.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
LL
24.011
24.731
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
28
Long Term Tidal Curves for City (north-east catchments only) and Eastern Suburbs
27.0 26.0 26 0 25.0 24.0 23.0 22.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 26.062 26 062
HH
26.557
26.062
HL
HL
LH 23.948 LL
23.107
HL
HH
27.232 27 232
HL
26.737
LH 24.623 LL
23.782
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
29
31
References
1. Rainfall Analysis for the Design of Storm Sewers in Bombay S.D.Chawathe et. al., Journal Institute of Engineers, Volume 58, October,1977. O t b 1977 2. Water Supply and Waste Water Disposal G.M. G M Fair et al et. al. 3. Report of the Fact Finding Committee, on Mumbai Floods Government of Maharashtra Publication,2006 4. Rainfall Intensities and 26/7 Floods in Mumbai S.D.Chawathe, JIWWA, July-Sept. 2005 5. Sea level h 5 S l l changes along th I di C t l the Indian Coast A.S. Unnikrishnan, N.I.O, Dona Paula, Goa, 2006 6. Atmospheric forcing on the seasonal variability of sea level at Atmospheric Cochin Shriniwas K. et. al., continental shelf research, 26, (10), 11B 32
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