2011 Vegetable

Productivity Study
AGGRAND Natural Fertilizer
vs
Leading Organic Fertilizer
AGGRAND A Division of AMSOIL INC., Superior, Wis., USA
2 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Table of Contents
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3
Materials and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 4
Weather Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 4
Soil Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 5
Soil Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 6
Planting Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 7
Tomato and Broccoli Starts and Transplants . . . . . . . Page 8
Potatoes: Preparation and Planting . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 10
Carrot Sowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 10
Growth Plot Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11
Plant Vigor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 16
Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 17
Tomatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 17
Broccoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 21
Carrots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 25
Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 28
Harvest Data Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 32
Weather Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 32
Soil Analysis and Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 35
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 38
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 39
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 3
Abstract / Introduction
Abstract: The 2011 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study is part of an ongoing study of crop growth, crop
yield and soil analysis over multiple growing seasons. In the second year of this work, soil nutrient levels and yield
trends are clearer as a result of following sustainable growing techniques in the AGGRAND plot. This years program
featured yield comparisons between a plot fertilized with AGGRAND fertilizers and soil amendments, a plot fertilized
with a leading organic fertilizer, and an unfertilized control plot. The organic fertilizer manufacturers recommendations
were followed. Water only was added to the control plot at the same time the organic fertilizer was applied to the
experimental plots. Four common garden vegetables tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli and carrots were grown and
compared for size, weight, total number and total weight. The AGGRAND fertilizer program, as in 2010, produced
greater yields when compared to the plot fertilized with a leading organic fertilizer.
Plots fertilized with AGGRAND natural fertilizers outperformed the plots fertilized with the
leading organic fertilizer and the control plots where no fertilizer, only water, was applied.
INTRODUCTION
The report summarizing the results of the 2010 AGGRAND Growth Study (AMSOIL, 2011) provided a brief history of some
of the researchers and proponents of organic/agriculture such as Dr. William Albrecht, J.I. Rodale, Aldo Leopold, Rudolf
Steiner and Sir Albert Howard. During the past 30 years, organic farming techniques have developed as agricultural
research discovered that agricultural elds are living systems with each component dependent on many variables within
the environment. Environmental factors to consider include weather, soil type, soil chemistry, soil biology, past and current
agricultural methods, and use of pesticides and herbicides. Researchers such as J.W Doran, Neal Kinsey, Jeff Moyer, and
others, have brought a systems or eco-agriculture approach to an otherwise chemical-based agricultural system that
is underpinned by short-term increase in yields. Numerous papers, books and publications provide important
documentation of the organic/sustainable agriculture community as a viable force in the industry. The concepts presented
by these researchers are incorporated in this study, along with crop growth and fertilizer recommendations by AGGRAND.
Doran recognized the need for traditional evaluation of soil nutrient levels as well as a systematic approach that includes evaluation
of soil condition, including assessment of the soils physical, chemical and biological properties and processes. (Liebig, 1999)
Moyer conducts his own research at the Rodale Institute, where he has been employed for more than 28 years. Moyers approach
to organic agriculture includes planting cover crops to provide weed control and organic matter to build the soil and allow soil biology
to provide power to the system. Limited tillage of the cover crop meets the fertility needs of the system. Crop rotations reduce
disease and infestations by insects. (Moyer, 2011)
Kinsey adopts the concept of providing a sustainable system from a slightly different approach. Using soil analysis as the main
driver to maintain soil fertility in traditional and organic growing situations, Kinsey recognizes the value of alternative, organic-based
fertilizers and soil amendments but stipulates the soil must have mineral and organic matter balance before soil and crop
improvements are noticeable. (Kinsey, 2009)
AGGRAND natural fertilizers and soil amendments are formulated with natural materials such as emulsied sh, kelp, lime,
fulvic and humic acids, sulfate of potash and others. These materials are recognized as part of a sustainable cropping system
designed to build the soil by enhancing microbial growth and provide the necessary nutrients for plants to grow and thrive.
(Albrecht, 1996, Kinsey, 2009, National Stone Association, 1986, Senn, 1987). The competitive organic fertilizer used in this
study is formulated to deliver similar benets but appears to be less highly formulated than AGGRAND products.
The following fertilizers and amendments were employed in this study:
AGGRAND Natural Fertilizer (4-3-3)
AGGRAND Kelp and Sulfate of Potash (0-0-8)
AGGRAND Natural Bonemeal (0-12-0)
AGGRAND Liquid Lime
Organic hydrolyzed sh seaweed-based product (2-3-1) commonly used by organic growers and the consumer market.
The objective of this research was to determine yield results, weight and maximum length or diameter of garden vegetables
fertilized with the AGGRAND program in accordance with the AGGRAND Gardening Guide (AMSOIL, 2010) compared to similar
plots fertilized with a leading organic fertilizer following the manufacturers mix ratios and application protocols. In addition, soil
evaluations were continually executed to determine nutrient shifts for each system and the impact of each fertilization system.
4 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Weather Data
Weather data collection is essential to document environmental conditions the plants encounter
throughout their growth and development, and for comparison of the growing conditions historically found
in the geographic area.
To aid in the collection of weather data, AGGRAND installed a weather station at the end of the 2010
growing season. Data was collected as early as October 2010. The components include instrumentation
for data collection, display and storage. All components are sold by Davis Instruments of Hayward, Calif.
and include the Solar-Powered Vantage Pro2 station (Part #6152) equipped with rain collector,
anemometer, temperature and humidity sensors and a fan-aspirated radiation shield (Part #7747) to
reduce temperature and humidity variations. (Figure 1)The data from the Vantage Pro2 station is
transmitted to a Vantage Pro2 Console for viewing (Part #6312) (Figure 2) via two transmitters, solar (Part
#7627) and AC powered (Part #7626). Weather information received at the console is transmitted to a PC
(Figure 3) with WeatherLink (Part #6510) and Agricultural/Turf management software (Part #6511). This
software provides instant weather observations at the garden plots and archives data every hour.
Materials and Methods/Weather Data
Figure 1: Weather data collection station
Figure 3: PC data display
Figure 2: Data display console
In April 2011, temperature (Part # 6470) and Watermark moisture (Part # 6440) sensors were installed in the middle
of the plots at a depth of 12 inches (30.5 cm) to monitor soil conditions. These sensors connect to a solar transmitter
(Part # 6345) that transmits data to the console and PC. (Figure 4)
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 5
Soil Sampling
Each planter was tilled to a depth of approximately 8
inches. Soil samples were taken. Using a soil sampling
probe, samples were obtained from the top 6 inches of
the planting bed at nine evenly spaced points in each
quadrant. See Figure 5.
Soil Sampling
Figure 4: Measuring sensor depth and installation of sensors
Figure 5: Soil sampling plan
6 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Soil samples were analyzed at Midwest Laboratories, Omaha, Neb., and evaluated for percent organic matter,
available phosphorus (weak and strong Bray), exchangeable potassium, hydrogen, magnesium and calcium, pH,
buffer index, cation exchange capacity (CEC), percent base saturation of cation elements and carryover nitrogen as
nitrate. Micronutrient analysis of sulfur, manganese, boron, zinc, iron and copper, and evaluation of excess lime and
soluble salts also was conducted. (See Graphs 7 -10 in the Results section for a summary of all soil analyses
obtained during this study.)
Soil Respiration
Carbon dioxide respiration is an indicator of soil health. It is a measure of the bacterial action within the
soil that leads to mineralization of key soil nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. (Haney, 2008) Use
of the Solvita Soil Respiration Kit from Woods End Research of Mount Vernon, Maine is accepted by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (United States Department of Agriculture, 1999, Haney, 2008)
The Solvita respiration system includes a Solvita Digital Color Reader, test jars and color-metric paddles
(Part # DCR-soil). Soil samples from each plot quadrant were evaluated for CO
2
respiration by weighing
105.00 grams of soil into a glass jar using an AND FX3000i digital balance. (Serial #: 15610355) The
respiration indicator paddles (Serial #: 238210S, Expiration: 08/26/2011) were placed into the jar and
sealed. (See Figure 7) Four samples for each growth plot were prepared. After 24 hours of incubation, the
paddles were removed and placed in the Solvita color reader to determine the amount of CO
2
respired.
(See Figure 8) The paddles were again inserted into the jar, sealed and read again at 96 hours. See
Graph 6 for data summary, page 35.
Soil Respiration
Figure 6 shows the relative position of each growth plot, the intended fertilization regimen and soil sample
identication.
Figure 6: Soil sample identication and fertilizer designations
Figure 7: Test jars, soil & paddles Figure 8: Solvita color reader w/paddle inserted
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 7
Planting Plan
A growth plot sowing plan was established to use the area most efciently while providing ample room
for the vegetables to grow and develop, leaving enough room to water, fertilize and weed the plots.
A two-foot walking path was established between the vegetable types. See gure 9.
To reduce wind, and maintain plot air and soil temperatures, a six-foot wide windscreen was attached to the
existing fence around the perimeter of the site. SunBlocker Premium, 60 percent shade cloth was obtained
from Farm-Tek Supplies, Dyersville, Iowa, (Part #103764).
The vegetables chosen in this study are popular hybrid varieties that produce good yields in cooler climates.
Their seeds were established in Minnesota or Wisconsin. The following seeds and seed potatoes were planted
in this study:
Potatoes
Variety: Kennebec
Minnesota Certied Seed Potatoes
From Dans Feed Bin, Superior, Wis.
Carrots
Variety: Nelson Hybrid, 0157J
Lot: 11-1657-A
From Jung Seed, Co. of Randolph, Wis.
Broccoli
Variety: Packman Hybrid, 01430A
Lot: 11-1430-A
From Jung Seed, Co. of Randolph, Wis.
Tomatoes
Variety: Celebrity Hybrid VFFNTASt, 00175A
Lot: 11-175-A
From Jung Seed, Co. of Randolph, Wis.
Celebrity

plants from Dans Feed Bin of Superior, Wis.

Plants were approximately 8 inches to 10 inches in height.
Planting Plan
Figure 9: Growth plot planting plan
8 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Tomato and Broccoli Starts & Transplants
On April 25, 2011 two tomato seeds were sown per pot in two ats of 3.5 inch x 3.5 inch pots lled with Pro-Mix (PGX)
Professional Potting Soil Part # 0463 from Quakertown, Penn., for a total of 72 seeds. The plan was to thin to one plant per pot,
(36 plants) and select the best 27 plants to be placed outdoors. Seeds were planted approximately 0.25 inches under the
surface of the soil. Each at received 3000 mL of water measured with a 2000 mL measuring pitcher. Water was absorbed into
the planting medium by capillary action until moist. Flats were placed into the newly constructed growth table and illuminated
by uorescent growth lamps, with growth mats providing heat. To maintain soil moisture and heat, a plastic drape was placed
over each at. The same procedure was used for the broccoli seeds, with ve ats, for a target of 90 plants after thinning to one
plant per pot for a total of 72 of the best plants to be placed outdoors. See Figure 10.
Growth Table Detail
Heat Mats: (2) 20.75 inches wide x 48 inches long from
Hydrofarm

, Petaluma, CA,
Growth lamps conguration alternating, per side:
Four: Sylvania 40W GRO-LUX F40 GRO
Four: VitaLite

40W duroLite

Light duration: 14 hours per day
Soil Temperature, 1 inch (2.54 cm) beneath surface = 33.1C (91.5F) as measured by a Cooper digital thermometer
(model # DFP450W).
nitial lamp height above table: 7 inches (17.8 cm)
Temperature and soil moisture checked daily
Monitoring of soil temperature and moisture found soil temperatures from 90F to 100F (32.2C to 37.8C) on April 27. While
there was concern the temperature was too high for proper germination of the tomato and broccoli seeds, on April 28 plants in
28 broccoli pots sprouted. The plastic covers were removed from all broccoli ats. The height of the growth light was increased
to 9 inches (22.9 cm) and 1000 mL of water was added using a 1000 mL pouring pitcher to each tomato and broccoli at. The
relative dryness of each at necessitated addition of 1000 mL of water to each at on April 29. On May 2, tomatoes in four pots
had germinated and 44 broccoli pots had germinated. The soil temperature ranged from 75F to 89F (23.9C to 31.7C) Lamp
height was adjusted to 6 inches (15.2 cm) above the table. On May 5, 2000 mL of water was added to each at. On May 6,
another 1000 mL of water was added to each at, while lamp height was increased to 7 inches (17.78 cm) above the table. At
this time, 14 tomato pots and 46 broccoli pots had germinated.
After the weekend of May 7 and 8, tomato germination held steady at 14 pots. A probe found a lack of seed germination. Pots
were replanted with 24 seeds and watered with 2000 mL in each tomato at. Germinated tomato plants (14) were consolidated
into one at. Soil moisture was monitored and, on May 10, 3000 mL of water was added to each broccoli at and the
germinating broccoli plants were consolidated into separate ats. Plants showed increased vigor as a result of the additional
watering. The heat lamp was terminated for the broccoli plants but maintained on the tomato plants. Tomato plants and seeds
were given 3000 mL water on May 13.
On May 16, the germinated broccoli and tomatoes were segregated into three divisions: AGGRAND, Control and Leading
Organic as follows:
Broccoli (Soil Temperature: 68F to 72F (20.0C to 22.2C) Fertilized each pot with 25 mL of water/fertilizer mixture applied
with a 25 mL graduated cylinder. See Figure 11.
AGGRAND - 28 plants (5 mL measured with 10 mL graduated cylinder, NOF 4-3-3 Lot: 879-053 in 1000 mL distilled water
measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder)
Control - 29 plants (25 mL of distilled water added)
Leading Organic - 29 plants (2 mL of the leading organic fertilizer measured with 10 mL graduated cylinder in 1000 mL
distilled water measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder)
Tomatoes: Fertilized each pot with 25 mL of water/fertilizer mixture, applied with a 25 mL graduated cylinder. See Figure 12.
AGGRAND - 8 plants (5 mL measured with 10 mL graduated cylinder, NOF 4-3-3 Lot: 879-053 in 1000 mL distilled water
measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder)
Control - 5 plants (25 mL of distilled water added)
Leading Organic - 8 plants (2 mL of the leading organic fertilizer measured with 10 mL graduated cylinder in 1000 mL
distilled water measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder)
Tomato and Broccoli Starts & Transplants
Figure 10: Newly-seeded tomato and broccoli ats
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 9
Figure 12: Fertilizing tomato seedlings
Figure 13: Planting tomato seedlings
Figure 11: Fertilizing broccoli seedlings
Figure 14: Fertilizing tomato plant w/AGGRAND
Segregated tomato plant ats were watered with 1000 mL of water on May 19. On May 20, 10 of the 18 replanted tomato pots
exhibited germination. On May 23, 2000 mL of water was added to the tomato seed at and 3000 mL of water was applied to
the broccoli start ats. On May 24, the lamp height above the tomato plants was increased to 10 inches (25.4 cm). Another 200
mL of water was added to each established tomato plant pot using a graduated cylinder. Each tomato plant received 100 mL of
water and each broccoli at received 1000 mL of water. The tomato seedling at received 1000 mL of water. The lamp height
was increased to 14 inches (35.6 cm) above the table for tomatoes and 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) above the table for the broccoli
plants on May 27. Hardening preparation for outdoor planting for tomatoes and broccoli included placing them in the
AGGRAND laboratorys entrance breezeway for about four hours a day from May 25 to May 27. On May 31, following the four
hours of placement in the breezeway, the hardening process for these plants increased to include placement outdoors in direct
sun for an hour and a half at a temperature of 76F (24.4C). Soil dryness was observed. Three AGGRAND broccoli plants and
two broccoli plants fertilized with the leading organic product were watered with 100 mL of water using a graduated cylinder.
The plants were then transferred to the breezeway.
On June 1, 12 Celebrity tomato plants were purchased from Dans Feed Bin of Superior, Wis. to supplement the tomatoes
grown from seed. The target number of tomato plants per plot was nine with ve plants raised from seed and four from Dans
Feed Bin. On June 2, the broccoli and tomatoes were planted, fertilized or watered according to the 2011 Fertilization Plan.
Tomatoes were fertilized or watered (Control plants) with a volume of 1000 mL measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder
per the Fertilization Plan. The broccoli plants received fertilizer/water by applying 6000 mL of fertilizer mix or plain water,
applied with a watering can per row. See Tables 1 and 3, on pages 11 and 13.
10 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Figure 15: Planting broccoli seedlings
Figure 17: Planting potatoes
Figure 16: Watering control broccoli plants
Figure 18: Fertilizing AGGRAND potatoes
Potatoes: Preparation and Planting
In preparation for potato planting, on May 5, Kennebec seed potatoes were cut into pieces to isolate
two eyes. In order to have an adequate number of eyes for good sprouting, 26 seed potatoes were
cut into 80 pieces. The potato pieces were stored in a cool, dry, dark area, and the cut surface was
allowed to dry until planting. On May 11, the potato pieces were planted in the northeast quadrant of
each growing plot, 8 inches (20.3 cm) deep and covered with 3 inches (7.6 cm) of soil. Each plant was
fertilized or watered with a volume of 1000 mL measured with a 1000 mL graduated cylinder per the
Fertilization Plan. See Figures 17-18 below Tables 1 and 3, pages 11-13. On June 1, potato plants in all
growth plots had emerged.
Carrot Sowing
Carrot seed is very small and difcult to plant evenly. On June 2, the carrot seed was weighed (7.32
grams) and divided by the number of total rows to be planted (24) to determine the weight of seed
planted per row (0.61 grams). After the plants were established, they were thinned according to the
Planting Detail Plan. See Tables 1 and 2.
Potatoes: Preparation and Planting/Carrot Sowing
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 11
Figure 19: Sowing carrot seed Figure 20: Fertilizing carrots, organic fertilizer
Growth Plot Maintenance
After all plants and seeds were established, weeding, cultivating and watering were monitored and are
summarized in Table 2. Weather observations are summarized in the Results and Discussion section
of this paper, page 32.
Growth Plot Maintenance
Crop Row Spacing (ft) Plant Spacing (in) Plant/Row Plants/Plot Plant Total
Broccolli 1.5 from border
2 from center
9 from border
18 from center
6 24 72
Carrots 1.5 from border
2 from center
2 from border
4 from center
Sow 54
Thin to 27
108 324
Tomatoes 1.5 from border
3 from center
18 from border
36 from center
3 9 27
Potatoes 1.5 from border
2 from center
9 from border
18 from center
6 24 72
Table 1: Planting detail
12 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Date Procedure/Observation
6/6/2011 20 of 24 potato plants emerged in the AGGRAND and Control plots, while all 24 plants have
emerged in the Organic plot.
6/6/2011 One broccoli plant in the Control plot severed; tomato plants in all plots are slightly sun scalded.
6/7/2011 Planted one AGGRAND tomato and one AGGRAND broccoli plant to replace plants that appeared
to be bit off by cut worms. Replaced three damaged broccoli plants in the Organic plot. All replace-
ment plants were fertilized with 1000 mL of the appropriate fertilizer mixture based on initial planting
formulations.
6/8/2011 Two broccoli plants in the AGGRAND plot appear nipped off by cut worms. Replanted and fertilized
using 1000 mL of AGGRAND planting mixture. One tomato plant in the Control plant cut by worms;
replanted and watered with a volume of 1000 mL.
6/9/2011 One tomato plant in the Control plot cut by worms; replanted and watered with a volume of 1000 mL.
6/13/2011 One Control tomato plant cut off; replanted and watered with approximately 1000 mL .
6/15/2011 Two Control tomato plants, one Control broccoli and one Organic broccoli nipped off by cut worms;
replanted. Fertilized Organic plants and applied same amount of water to the Control plants. Fertil-
ized AGGRAND potatoes and broccoli, and watered AGGRAND carrots and tomatoes. To control
cut worms, cut the top and bottom off of plastic vials and slipped around base of plant about one
inch beneath the top of the soil.
6/16/2011 Placed plastic vials around all broccoli and tomato plants. Cultivated and weeded plots.
6/20/2011 One broccoli plant nipped off by a cut worm; replaced plant.
6/24/2011 Determined plant vigor by measuring chlorophyll levels in the potato and broccoli plots of each plant.
6/29/2011 Fertilized all Organic plants with 6000 mL of mixture per row. Applied 6000 mL of water in each
Control row of vegetables. Fertilized AGGRAND potatoes and carrots with 6000 mL of solution per
row. Applied 6000 mL per row on the AGGRAND tomatoes and broccoli.
7/1/2011 Weeded and tilled all plots.
7/5/2011 Supported all tomato plants by placing three tomato cages around the plant.
7/5/2011 Hilled potatoes in all plots.
7/7/2011 Thinned carrots for each row in each plot. 27 plants per row with spacing of approximately 4 inches
between each plant.
7/7/2011 Weeded and tilled all plots.
7/11/2011 Fertilized AGGRAND broccoli (fnal).
7/13/2011 Fertilized AGGRAND tomatoes (1st bloom), AGGRAND potatoes (fnal), Organic tomatoes and
potatoes (fnal), watered Control potatoes and tomatoes.
7/20/2011 Fertilized AGGRAND carrots per fertilization plan.
7/25/2011 Fertilized AGGRAND tomatoes at full bloom stage; additional fertilization at fruit fll remaining.
8/1/2011 Photographed growth plots.
8/29/2011 Watered tomatoes, all plots, with approximately 50 gallons each plot.
8/30/2011 Cultivated carrots, all plots, made slight mounds to cover carrot tops.
Table 3 summarizes fertilizer applications and mix ratios for each plot; 6000 mL of fertilizer mix or water was applied
with a watering can per row on all plants after initial planting and fertilizer application. The application date is shown
in red. Control applications, containing only tap water, followed the same timing and volume as the leading organic
fertilizer applications. The leading organic fertilizer was applied at regular two-week intervals after the initial planting
and establishment of the plants. Tables 4, 5 and 6 summarize the fertilizer formulations that were employed on the
growth plots.
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 13
Table 3: Fertilizer application timing and formulations
* Recommendations per Gardening Guide and Cabbage study.
NOF: Natural Organic Fertilizer
NBM: Natural Bonemeal
NKP: Natural Kelp & Sulfate of Potash
NLL: Natural Liquid Lime
At Planting: Soil Application Second Application: Foliar Feeding
Crop AGGRAND Leading Organic Control AGGRAND Leading Organic Control
Potato 5/11
3% NOF
2% NBM
1% NKP
5/11
(0.78% solution)
5/11
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
6/15
3% NOF
1% NLL @ 2
weeks
6/15
(0.78% solution)
@ 2 weeks
6/15
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Tomato 6/2
3% NOF
2% NBM
1% NKP
6/2
(0.78% solution)
6/2
Water same
volume as
fertilizer
7/13
2% NOF
2% NB @ 1st
bloom
6/15
(0.78% solution)
@ 2 weeks
6/15
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Broccoli* 6/2
3% NOF
2% NBM
1% NKP
6/2
(0.78% solution)
6/2
Water same
volume as
fertilizer
6/15
1.54% NOF
@ 2weeks
6/15
(0.78% solution)
@ 2 weeks
6/15
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Carrots 6/2
3% NOF
2% NBM
1% NKP
6/2
(0.78% solution)
6/2
Water same
volume as
fertilizer
6/29
1.54% NOF
@ 4 weeks
6/15
(0.78% solution)
@ 2 weeks
6/15
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Third Application: Foliar Feeding Fourth Application: Foliar Feeding
Crop AGGRAND Leading Organic Control AGGRAND Leading Organic Control
Potato 6/29
3% NOF
1% NLL @ 4
weeks
6/29
(0.78% solution)
@ 4 weeks
6/29
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
7/13
3% NOF
w1% NLL @ 6
weeks
7/13
(0.78% solution)
@ 6 weeks
7/13
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Tomato 7/25
2% NOF
2% NLL @
full bloom
6/29
(0.78% solution)
@ 4 weeks
6/29
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
8/3
2% NKP during
fruit fll
7/13
(0.78% solution)
@ 6 weeks
7/13
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
Broccoli* 7/11
.54% NOF
@ heading
6/29
(0.78% solution)
@ 4 weeks
6/29
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
None None None
Carrots 7/20
1.54% NOF
@
7 weeks
6/29
(0.78% solution)
@ 4 weeks
6/29
Water same
volume & time
as fertilizer
None None None
14 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study

Vegetab|e Stage
Water
(mL)
NCI
(1)

(mL)
N8M
(2)
(mL)
Nk
(3)

(mL)
NLL
(4)
(mL)
Amount]row or
p|ant
otatoes lanLlng 3640 180 120 60 1000 mL/ planL
1omatoes lanLlng 3640 180 120 60 1000 mL/ planL
8rocco|| lanLlng 3640 180 120 60 6000 mL/row
Carrots lanLlng 3640 180 120 60
6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 2 weeks 3760 180 60
6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 1sL 8loom 3760 120 120
6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 2 weeks 3908 92
6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 2 weeks no AppllcaLlon
otatoes aL 4 weeks 3760 180 60
6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL full 8loom 3700 180 120
6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL headlng 3908 92.4
6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 4 weeks 3908 92.4
6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 6 weeks 3760 180 60
6000 mL/row
1omatoes durlng frulL flll 3880 120
6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 6 weeks no AppllcaLlon
Carrots aL 7 weeks 3908 92 6000 mL/row
(1)(AGGkAND Natura| Crgan|c Iert|||zer (4-3-3) (2)AGGkAND Natura| 8onemea| (0-12-0) (3)AGGkAND Natura| ke|p and Su|fate
of otash (0-0-8) (4)AGGkAND Natura| L|qu|d L|me

Vegetab|e Stage Water (mL) Iert|||zer (mL) Amount]row or p|ant
otatoes aL planLlng 6000 47
1000 mL/ planL
1omatoes aL planLlng 6000
47 1000 mL/ planL
8rocco|| aL planLlng 6000
47 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL planLlng 6000
47 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 2 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 2 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 2 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 2 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 4 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 4 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 4 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 4 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 6 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 6 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 6 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 6 weeks 6000
47 6000 mL/row
Table 4: AGGRAND fertilizer application timing and formulations
Table 5: Leading organic fertilizer application timing and formulations
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 15
Soil samples were obtained on Sept. 26, when the harvest was nearly completed and before tilling all of the
planters. Soil samples, 6 inches deep from nine evenly spaced points, were obtained, mixed and forwarded
to Midwest Laboratories for analysis that included percent organic matter; available phosphorus (weak
and strong Bray); exchangeable potassium, hydrogen, magnesium and calcium; pH; buffer index; cation
exchange capacity (CEC); percent base saturation of cation elements; carryover nitrogen as nitrate;
micronutrient analysis of sulfur, manganese, boron, zinc, iron and copper; and evaluation of excess lime and
soluble salts. (See sampling plan in Figure 21) Three post-harvest samples were tested and all soil samples
are summarized in Graphs 7 to 10, on pages 36 and 37.

Vegetab|e Stage Water (mL) Iert|||zer Amount]row or p|ant
otatoes aL planLlng 6000 none 1000 mL/ planL
1omatoes aL planLlng 6000 none 1000 mL/ planL
8rocco|| aL planLlng 6000 none 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL planLlng 6000 none 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 2 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 2 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 2 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 2 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 4 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 4 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 4 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 4 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
otatoes aL 6 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
1omatoes aL 6 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
8rocco|| aL 6 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row
Carrots aL 6 weeks 6000 none 6000 mL/row

Table 6: Control plot fertilizer application timing and formulations
Figure 21: Post-harvest soil sampling plan
16 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Plant Vigor
As reported in the 2010 Vegetable Productivity Study (G2851, AMSOIL, 2011), crop vigor was
determined by measuring the plants height, reproductive stage and leaf color. Like crops in the other
growth plots were examined in the same way and the results were compared. To provide objective
data, a Field Scout CM1000 Chlorophyll Meter was obtained from Spectrum Laboratories of Plaineld,
Ill. (Part # 2950, Serial # 539). The CM1000 was generated from technology developed by NASA
starting in the 1990s. During this period and into the 21st century, NASA launched a number of
satellites that measured the Earths natural processes. One of the parameters evaluated by these
Earth Observing Systems satellites was the density, health and distribution of the Earths vegetation.
In order to make plant health measurable, scientists at the NASA Stennis Space Center invented a
device that measures the amount of light absorbed and reected by the Earths vegetation. The ratio of
the percentage of reectance at the differing wavelengths of light provides a relative number that
correlates to the amount of chlorophyll in the plants leaves. (NASA, 2011) Chlorophyll levels are an
indicator of the amount of nitrogen in plants and are directly related to plants vigor and in cases of
plant stress nitrogen needed for optimal growth. (Murdock, et.al. 2004) This technology, developed
by Spectrum as a handheld device, effectively monitors the growth of cotton, corn, wheat, turf grasses
and many other crops. (Carson, 2004) Factors such as chlorophyll levels, leaf texture and the amount
of pubescence of each leaf species account for data variability.
On June 24, levels of chlorophyll were measured in the broccoli and potato plants. On August 22,
tomato plants and carrots were tested for relative chlorophyll levels. The readings were taken in full sun,
between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. for optimal intensity. See Figure 24.
Table 11
Figure 22: Compost on soil surface Figure 23: Tilling in vegetation and compost
On Oct. 10, the remaining vegetation was mulched into the soil to maintain acceptable organic
material and nutrient levels. Composted manure (0.05-0.05-0.05) (American Countryside: Innity
Fertilizers, Milan, Ill.) also was incorporated into the soil, with twenty, 30-pound (13.6 kg) bags, ve
bags in each growth quadrant. The compost was raked to evenly disperse on the surface and then
tilled to a depth of approximately 8 inches. The soil temperature and moisture probes were reset.
Plant Vigor
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 17
CM1000 measuring a potato plant
Figure 24:
Figure 25: Protective sleeve
Absorbing & reected beam
Figure 26: Tomato plant with protective sleeve
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tomatoes
The focus of this study was to determine total yield by weight and number of tomatoes from each plot,
but other parameters, such as plant vigor and appearance, are helpful in developing the history of why
plants under certain fertilization programs yield more fruit than others.
Tomato plants were started from seed, but only 18 plants emerged out of 72 seeds sown. This is a 25
percent success rate. The low germination rate could be attributed to the high temperatures of the
heating mats causing a high rate of evaporation for low moisture levels and rapid accumulation of
residual salts in close proximity to the seed. As a result, four additional plants were purchased for each
plot. The number of plant starts was reduced to nine to provide more spacing for ease of harvest, less
fruit on the ground and better air movement through the plot.
The tomato plants encountered slow initial growth because of unseasonably cold temperatures
throughout the month of June. Cut worms also were a problem and six plants were replaced after
damage from this pest. Small sleeves were cut from sample bottles to protect the plant when the main
stem was at the most succulent stage in its development. See Figures 25 and 26.
Results and Discussion/Tomatoes
18 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Tomato growth rate rapidly increased during July because of warmer temperatures. Tomato support
cages were installed on July 5, and plot comparison pictures were taken from late June through the
month of August. Figure 27 shows the comparison between fertilizer programs.
On July 13, most of the AGGRAND-fertilized tomato plants were blooming. A lesser number of the
Leading Organic plants were in bloom and only a few of the Control plants were blooming.
To determine plant vigor, chlorophyll readings were taken of the tomato plants in each plot on July 20.
Five plants on the south and west sides of each plot were evaluated with the aim of obtaining the best
sun angle for maximum light intensity. Eighteen data points were taken at random for the AGGRAND
and Leading Organic plants with 17 readings obtained for the Control plot. See Table 7.
The data shows the AGGRAND-fertilized plants had more measurable chlorophyll, and, hence, more
nitrogen in the leaves correlating to increased vigor. This also substantiates observations that the
plants subjected to the AGGRAND fertilization program yielded larger plants, earlier; more blooms;
and earlier, more prolic fruiting when compared to the other growth plots.
AGGRAND Leading Organic Control
Figure 27: Tomato Plants, July 13
Table 7: Relative chlorophyll readings - tomato plants
Plot # Data Points Ave. Chlorophyll Index Standard Deviation
AGGRAND 18 344 34
Leading Organic 18 322 37
Control 17 289 28
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 19
Tomato plants were photographed on August 22 and documented exceptional growth in AGGRAND
plots and the bottom leaf die-back on the Leading Organic and Control plants. See Figure 28.
The lower leaves in all plots began turning brown. The moisture levels in AGGRAND, Control and
Leading Organic plots being 79, 30 and 54 centibars, respectively. On Aug. 29, tomato plants in all
plots were watered by spraying the leaves and allowing the water to wet the entire soil layer. The ow
rate of the watering system was determined to be 3.33 gallons/minute. After 15 minutes of watering,
the total volume added to each 9-foot by 9-foot tomato plot was approximately 50 gallons.
On September 13, the tomato harvest commenced according to established criteria as follows:
Tomatoes to be orange to red on the vine
Fruit on the ground counted and measured, even when green
All fruit, even if it is green, harvested when a freeze is imminent
Determine the weight and maximum diameter for each tomato per plot
AGGRAND Leading Organic Control
Figure 28: Tomato plants, August 22
Figure 29: Tomatoes at various ripening stages
20 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Each tomato was weighed using an AND FX3000i digital balance, serial #: 15610355, (Figure 30) and
the maximum diameter was measured with a Mitutoyo Corporation Digimatic Caliper, Model CD-6
CSX, Serial #: 07435188. The diameter was measured perpendicular to the axis of the stem and
center core of the fruit. (Figure 31)
Tomatoes were harvested on Sept. 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28 and 30, as well as Oct. 3 and 5
when all remaining tomatoes on all plots were picked. Table 8 summarizes the harvest results.
Tomatoes fertilized with the AGGRAND fertiliztion system produced heavier fruit in greater numbers for
more total weight when compared to plants that were fertilized with the Leading Organic product. As
expected, the Control plants fared the worst as far as quantity and total weight.
Figure 30: Weighing procedure
Table 8
Figure 31: Measuring maximum diameter
Fertilizer Total Number Total Weight
(g)
Total Weight
(lbs)
Ave. Weight
(g)
Ave. Diameter
(mm)
AGGRAND 794 102,458.12 225.68 129.04 61.44
Leading Organic 629 74,715.28 164.67 118.78 63.09
Control 406 41,769.36 92.00 102.88 61.72
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 21
Broccoli
Broccoli is considered a cooler-climate vegetable and was expected to grow well in Superior. With 85
plants emerging out of the 180 seeds planted, the germination rate was 47.2 percent. This low success
rate was most likely caused by the high temperature of the plant starter heating mats. In the rst few
days after planting when the plants are most vulnerable cut worms severed one plant in the
Control plot and three plants in the Leading Organic plot. The four damaged broccoli plants were
replaced and fertilized with 1000 mL of the appropriate mixture based on the initial planting formulations.
Fortunately, there were excess broccoli starts to curb some of the cut worm damage. On June 8, two
broccoli plants in the AGGRAND plot were nipped off by worms. They were replaced and fertilized
using 1000 mL of AGGRAND planting mixture. One Control broccoli plant and one Leading Organic
broccoli plant was nipped off by cut worms on June 15. They were replaced and the Leading Organic
plants were fertilized, while the appropriate amount of water was applied to the Control plants.
In the effort to control cut worms, plastic vials with the top and bottom cut off were slipped around the
base of the plants and stuck into the soil on June 16. (See Figures 25 and 26) On June 20, the nal
cut worm casualty was observed. The plant was replaced and fertilized. Plant totals for each plot were
24 in the AGGRAND plot, 23 in the Leading Organic plot and 22 in the Control plot.
On June 24 plant vigor was determined by measuring chlorophyll levels of the broccoli plants. Each
plant was scanned, and the data was downloaded into a spreadsheet. The data was averaged and
standard deviation was determined to arrive at the nal, relative chlorophyll reading. See Table 9.
The data above shows the AGGRAND-fertilized plants had more measurable chlorophyll, and, hence,
more nitrogen in the leaves translating to increased vigor. This also substantiates the observations that
the plants subjected to the AGGRAND fertilization program yielded larger plants, earlier, with more
blooms, for earlier and more prolic fruiting when compared to the other growth plots. Images obtained
of broccoli plants on June 29 revealed exceptional growth in the AGGRAND plants when compared to
the Leading Organic and Control plants. See Figure 32.
Table 9: Relative chlorophyll readings - broccoli plants
Plot No.Data Points Ave. Chlorophyll Index Standard Deviation
AGGRAND 24 223 33
Leading Organic 23 200 22
Control 22 183 28
Broccoli
22 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
On July 13, heads were forming on 20 of 24 broccoli plants in the AGGRAND plot. The Leading
Organic plot had heads forming on 12 of 23 plants, and the Control plot had heads on three of
22 plants.
Leading organic
Control
Figure 32: Broccoli plant comparison, June 29
AGGRAND
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 23
Figure 33: Broccoli plant comparison, July 13
AGGRAND
Leading Organic
Control
24 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Harvest of AGGRAND broccoli commenced on July 20. Superior development of plants fertilized with
AGGRAND was observed in comparison to the Leading Organic and Control plots. The broccoli stems
were cut so the entire length of harvested head was 4 inches (10.2 cm) long. Each broccoli head was
weighed using an AND FX3000i digital balance, serial #: 15610355 and the head maximum diameter
was measured with a Mitutoyo Corporation Digimatic Caliper, Model: CD-6 CSX, Serial #: 07435188.
See Figure 34.
The broccoli harvest occurred over the following days: July 20, 22, 25; Aug. 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 19, 22, 26, 29
and September 1, 6 and 9. Many of the broccoli plants continued to produce after September 9, but
the vegetables exhibited stem toughness and the propensity to ower very quickly.
Measuring & cutting to length Measuring head diameter
Figure 34
Figure 35: AGGRAND broccoli harvest on August 22
Weighing
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 25
The AGGRAND fertilization system broccoli plot produced heavier heads and higher per-plant
quantities than the produce grown with the Leading Organic fertilizer. As expected, the Control plants
fared the worst as far as quantity, total weight and the number of cuttings per plant.
Carrots
Carrots are a popular, easy-to-grow garden vegetable that provide excellent food value. Because of
the loose soil in the planting beds, all plots provided an excellent yield. The carrots were sown in each
plot on June 2, with the rate of seeding exceeding the target number of plants expected per row. To
provide proper spacing, plant density was projected to be 27 carrots per row.
The seed took approximately one month to germinate, which is longer than anticipated and the result
of cold June temperatures. The carrots were not affected by the cut worms that caused problems in
the broccoli and tomato plots. On July 7, the plants were thinned to approximately 27 plants per row,
about 4 inches (10.2 cm) apart to provide ample room for growth. See Figure 36.
Table 10
Figure 36
Carrot thinning, July 7
Carrots
Plot # of Plants # Heads
Harvested
Total Wt.
(lbs)
Wt. (lbs) per
plant
Ave. Head Wt.
(g)
Number
Cuttings/Plant
AGGRAND 24.00 306.00 26.66 1.11 39.56 12.8
Leading Organic 23.00 251.00 19.32 0.84 34.94 10.9
Control 22.00 177.00 14.02 0.64 35.95 8.0
26 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
On Aug. 22, plant vigor was determined by measuring chlorophyll levels of the carrots in each plot.
Ten readings were obtained per fertilizer plot, and the data was downloaded into a spreadsheet. The
average and standard deviation was determined to arrive at the nal relative chlorophyll reading.
Obtaining meaningful readings was a challenge because of the small surface area of the carrot leaf.
See Table 11.
The data above shows the AGGRAND-fertilized carrots had more measurable chlorophyll, and, hence,
more nitrogen in the leaves, translating to increased vigor. This also substantiates the observations
that the plants subjected to the AGGRAND fertilization program yielded larger plants and increased
productivity.
On Aug. 30, the tops of the carrot plants were emerging from the soil and turning green. The soil
was raked to cover the carrot tops. The AGGRAND carrots showed exceptional growth when
compared to the Leading Organic and Control plants. On Sept. 6, all carrots were harvested in
all plots. See Figure 32.
At the time of harvest, the leaves were cut off at the crown where the leaf stem entered the orange tap
root. The carrots were stored overnight, then weighed the next day using an AND FX3000i digital
balance, serial #: 1561035. The length of the carrot was measured using a straight edge and ruler.
See Figure 33.
Plot # Data Points Ave. Chlorophyll Index Standard Deviation
AGGRAND 10 311.9 59.0
Leading Organic 10 239.8 39.9
Control 10 270.0 49.1
Table 11: Relative chlorophyll readings - carrots
Figure 32
AGGRAND carrots Control carrots
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 27
Figure 33
Figure 34
Table 12
Determining carrot weight
AGGRAND
Leading Organic
Carrot Harvest: Row 1 results - AGGRAND and Leading Organic fertilizer
Measuring carrot length
Plot Total # Total Wt.
(g)
Total Wt.
(lbs)
Max. wt
(g)
Ave. Weight
(g)
Ave. Length
(cm)
AGGRAND 116 16,892.00 37.21 390.01 145.62 19.57
Control 114 16,122.31 35.51 272.00 141.42 19.85
Leading Organic 108 12,280.89 27.05 260.00 113.71 16.93
28 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
The AGGRAND fertilization system plot produced heavier carrots than the Leading Organic fertilizer
plot and the Control plot; however, the Control plants unexpectedly produced more and heavier carrots
than the Leading Organic plot.
Potatoes
Potatoes also produce well in cooler climates and are of considerable interest to many growers.
Considering the small plot size, the 2010 yield was excellent, with the AGGRAND plot being the most
productive. In 2011, the study was repeated with changes in the specic location within the planting
beds and the cultivar grown (Kennebec). The seed potatoes were planted on May 11. On June 1,
plants had emerged in all plots. On June 6, 20 of 24 seed potatoes had emerged in the AGGRAND
and Control plots, while all 24 plants had emerged in the Leading Organic plot.
No cut worm infestation appeared in these plots as was experienced in the broccoli and tomato growth
areas. By June 24, all potato plants had emerged, totaling 24 in the Leading Organic and Control plots,
and 23 plants in the AGGRAND plot. Plant vigor was determined on June 24 by measuring chlorophyll
levels of the potato leaves. Each plant per fertilizer plot was scanned, and the data was downloaded to
a spreadsheet. The data was averaged and the standard deviation was determined to arrive at the
nal, relative chlorophyll reading. See Table 13.
The data above shows the AGGRAND-fertilized plants had more measurable chlorophyll, and, hence,
more nitrogen in the leaves, translating to increased vigor. This also substantiates observations that
the plants subjected to the AGGRAND fertilization program yielded larger plants, earlier and more
blooms, with earlier and more prolic fruiting in comparison to the other growth plots. The plants were
owering throughout the month of July. The potato rows were mounded or hilled on July 5 to facilitate
potato formation higher on the stem, enhance potato formation in loose soil, reduce the green alkaloid
formation on the potatoes and reduce weeds. Hilling was done in all plots.
Potatoes
Plot # Data Points Ave. Chlorophyll Index Standard Deviation
AGGRAND 23 209 24
Leading Organic 24 158 26
Control 23 153 20
Table 13: Relative chlorophyll readings - potato plants
Figure 35: Hilled AGGRAND potato plants
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 29
Figure 36
AGGRAND potatoes
Leading organic
Control
Photos taken on July 13 show exceptional growth of AGGRAND-fertilized plants in comparison to the Leading
Organic and Control plants. See Figure 36.
30 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
As the days shortened, some plants showed yellowing, but were overall prolic up to harvest.
On Sept. 9, potatoes were harvested in all plots. See Figure 37.
The potatoes were weighed on Sept. 12 using an AND FX3000i digital balance, serial # 1561035.
Maximum length was determined using a straight edge and ruler. See Figure 38.
Figure 37: AGGRAND potato harvest plot
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 31
Figure 38
Potato weighing
Table 13
Table 13 summarizes the potato harvest.
Measuring maximum length
Plot No. of
Plants
Total
Potato No.
Total Wt.
(g)
Total Wt.
(lbs)
Max. wt
(lbs)
Ave. Wt.
(lbs)
Yield/plant
(lbs)
AGGRAND 23 228 41,375.02 91.13 1.58 0.40 3.96
Leading Organic 24 177 24,703.78 54.41 1.11 0.31 2.27
Control 24 168 31,575.95 69.55 1.22 0.41 2.90
Compared to the two competitive plots, the AGGRAND plot produced a substantially greater number
of tubers and higher total potato weight. The Leading Organic fertilizer produced a greater number of
potatoes than the Control plot, but produced on the average smaller potatoes, to nish last in total
harvest weight. It was unexpected that the Control plants would produce on average slightly heavier,
larger potatoes than both plots.
32 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Harvest Data Summary
Tables 14 and 15 summarize the entire harvest by number of vegetables and total harvest weight and
compares the production of AGGRAND fertilizers with that of the Leading Organic fertilizer.
Weather Observations
With the installation of the Davis Instruments weather station, growing conditions were documented on a
per-hour basis and compared with historical data to obtain an understanding of why plants are more or less
responsive from year to year.
Historical weather data for the period from 1909 to 2010 was obtained from Dr. Edward J. Hopkins, assistant
Wisconsin state climatologist. The data was acquired by observations in Superior, Wis. at position 46.70N,
92.02W, approximately 4.25 miles (6.84 km) southeast of the AGGRAND growth plots, which are located at
46.73N, 92.11W. Temperature and precipitation comparisons covered a period from May through
September where these parameters have the most inuence on plant growth. See Graphs 1, 2 and 3.
Harvest Data/Weather Observations
Fertilizer Broccoli* Carrots Tomatoes Potatoes**
AGGRAND 306 116 794 228
Leading Organic 251 108 629 177
Control 177 114 406 168
AGGRAND Advantage 18% 7% 21% 22%
* Broccoli Plant #: AGGRAND 24, Leading Organic 23, Control 22 ** Potato Plant #: AGGRAND 23, Leading Organic 24, Control 24
Fertilizer Broccoli* Carrots Tomatoes Potatoes**
AGGRAND 26.66 37.21 225.62 91.13
Leading Organic 19.32 27.05 164.57 54.41
Control 14.02 35.51 92.00 69.55
AGGRAND Advantage 28% 27% 27% 40%
* Broccoli Plant #: AGGRAND 24, Leading Organic 23, Control 22 ** Potato Plant #: AGGRAND 23, Leading Organic 24, Control 24
Table 14: Harvest summary by number
Table 15: Harvest summary by weight (lbs)
Graph 1
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 33
Graph 2
Graph 3
34 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Growing conditions in 2011 were initially cooler compared to the average; in fact, May and Junes
average maximum temperatures were markedly less and growth was limited during this period.
Average minimum temperatures were higher than the long-term average. The overall temperature
during the period from May through September was slightly higher, which allowed the crops to make
up for the lagging growth earlier in the season.
As revealed in Graphs 4 and 5 below, precipitation during the 2011 growing season was substantially
less than in 2010 when a number of heavy downpours marked the growing season and contributed to
the excess. Nevertheless, watering was required on only two occasions in 2011 because rain fell at
timely intervals. The period from mid-August through the end of September received little rain and
substantially less than the average amount since 1909. Overall, however, precipitation during the 2011
growing season was slightly above average.
Graph 4
Graph 5
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 35
Soil Analysis and Respiration
Soil respiration is an indicator of microbial activity and soil health. This was measured to determine if
one fertilizing regimen was more effective in obtaining a response from the soil microbial community.
On April 22, a 96-hour respiration study was conducted to measure the microbial activity of the freshly
tilled growth plot soil. Samples from each quadrant were measured and recorded and are summarized
in Graph 6. After 24 hours, the AGGRAND samples demonstrated increased respiration over the other
plots and substantially higher than the Leading Organic fertilizer. The Control plot was slightly lower
after 24 hours, but exceeded the AGGRAND plot by a small amount after 96 hours. See Graph 6.
With any cropping system, there is removal of vegetation in the form of fruit and/or supporting plant
materials. After each growing season, most of the vegetative materials were introduced back into the
plot. Soil analyses are conducted at the beginning and end of every growing season to determine the
relative health of the soil, the impact of the crops on the plot and whether the fertilization programs
maintain or enhance nutrient levels.
Since April 2010, the soil in all plots has not received any inputs with the exception of the fertilizer
application in the AGGRAND and competitive plots. Only water has been introduced to the Control
plot. Soil samples were taken in April 2010 before inputs had been introduced and in October 2010
after a complete growing season. Similarly, soil samples were taken in April 2011 and September 2011.
Comparing the virgin soil sample taken during April 2010 and the latest soil samples from September
2011, all plots exhibited slight increases in organic matter, pH, bicarbonate phosphorus and cation
exchange capacity (CEC). On the other hand, because of the mechanisms of plant growth and natural
weathering processes, a number of soil nutrients decreased in all plots. Nitrate nitrogen and sulfur
were reduced along with the micronutrients, iron, copper and boron. Sodium, which is highly
leachable, also was reduced, most likely because of precipitation and water movement through the
soil. Levels of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc increased in the AGGRAND plot
compared to the soil in the Control and competitive plots. See Graphs 7 - 10.
Graph 6
Soil Analysis and Respiration
36 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
Graph 7
Graph 8
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 37
Graph 9
Graph 10
38 AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study
CONCLUSIONS
The AGGRAND fertilization program, as outlined in The Gardening Guide (AMSOIL, 2010) increases
vegetable yield in terms of number and total weight when compared to the Leading Organic fertilizer
and the Control plot with no fertilizer inputs. Some of the AGGRAND vegetables were slightly smaller
in terms of weight and size than the Control and Leading Organic produce, but not signicantly.
The Leading Organic product used in this study is comprised of a blend of liquid hydrolyzed sh and
seaweed that readily mixes with water and is easily applied. Application frequency is also
straightforward by the addition of the product every two weeks during the growing season. The
AGGRAND system enhances the soil environment and provides necessary nutrients, and requires the
grower to monitor plant growth, ower bloom and fruit development for timely fertilizer applications.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios (N,P,K) of the fertilizers employed in this study were
4-3-3, 0-12-0, and 0-0-8 for the AGGRAND program, and (2-3-1) for the Leading Organic fertilizer.
Both fertilizer systems publicize the products as natural or organic. Both are said to inuence the soil
in similar ways. The Leading Organic product recommends a dilution signicantly lower than the
AGGRAND products, which is apparent when the products are mixed with water. The Leading Organic
produces a translucent liquid; while the AGGRAND product yields an opaque mixture that provides
more nutrients to the plants and soil. Again, mix ratios followed in this study are taken directly from
the manufacturer.
The germination rate of the indoor tomato and broccoli starts appeared to be inhibited this year. Heat
mats were employed, as in 2010, but the temperatures and the evaporation rate seemed to be higher.
The increased temperatures and dryness of the soil could have produced higher than ideal soil salinity
levels that possibly inhibited seed germination. To reduce future germination issues, heat mat
thermostats will be used on the tomato and pepper starts in 2012.
In 2011, new analytical tools were used to provide more data and understanding of the growth plots,
plants and surrounding environment.
First, the addition of the weather station to measure weather conditions was crucial as this data is
essential in any research of this type. More important however, was the monitoring of soil moisture and
temperature to determine optimal times to irrigate. The moisture data was used for tomato watering
and could have been employed sooner judging by the leaf drying in the plots; however, while the
dryness of the AGGRAND plot was high, the plot continued to show lush vegetation throughout, while
the other plant leaves showed drying the week before. This is an indicator that AGGRAND fertilizers,
especially the kelp and sulfate of potash components, aid plants resistance to drought by
strengthening the cell wall.
Second, chlorophyll measurement was a useful tool to monitor plant vigor. In all cases, the AGGRAND
plants demonstrated increased chlorophyll levels, directly correlating to improved vigor with higher
yield. The Control and Leading Organic plots followed the same correlation with the exception of
potato yield; the Control, chlorophyll readings slightly lower than the Leading Organic plants, but
Control production was higher than the Leading Organic plot.
Third, soil respiration proved to be an important tool in determining soil health. After 24 hours the
AGGRAND plot revealed increased microbial activity through carbon dioxide respiration, indicating
more soil microbes processing organic materials and making them available for plant uptake. This
tests accuracy is dependent on consistent soil moisture levels. In 2012, a more detailed approach will
be taken to evaluate these soils by drying the soil samples and then wetting them with a specic
amount of water during the test. In addition, separate sample jars and paddles will be used for the
24-hour and 96-hour tests.
CONCLUSIONS
AGGRAND Vegetable Productivity Study 39
Finally, test plot soil fertility has now been determined on four occasions; at the beginning and end of
the 2010 growing season, and twice during the 2011 season. Soil analyses obtained thus far reveal
AGGRAND fertilizers contribute to and maintain soil fertility, and provide the plants with enough
nutrients to sustain healthy growth. The Control and competitive plots showed a steady decline in a
number of key soil nutrients. Decreasing nitrogen levels necessitated the addition of composted
manure to each growth plot this fall.
The perception persists that organic or sustainable growing systems mean crops can continually be
removed from the land without the addition of any supplemental nutrients. This is simply not true. Two
growing years have provided good yield from all plots, but the steady decrease in some nutrient levels,
most notably nitrogen, indicates that some management of soil amendments must be considered. This
principle applies to the gardener and to the large-scale farmer: Continual harvest with no inputs will,
over time, render the soil ineffective. On the scale used in the AGGRAND growth plots, addition of
amendments is quite easy. Larger growing areas require more thoughtful consideration of crop
rotations and cover cropping as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides.
(Mohler, 2009) Continued study must be done to determine the long-term effects of growth and
fertilizer applications on these plots.
REFERENCES
Albrecht, W.A. (1996). The Albrecht papers. (Vol. 1). Metairie, LA: Acres U.S.A.
AMSOIL INC. (2011). 2010 Vegetable Productivity Study. G-2851. Superior, WI: AMSOIL, INC.
AMSOIL INC. (2010). The gardening guide. G-1292. Superior, WI: AMSOIL, INC.
Carson, T., (2004). Golf Course Management. 72: 28.
Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale, and W.L. Nelson. (2005). Soil fertility and fertilizers, an
introduction to nutrient management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Haney, R. L., W. F. Brinton, and E. Evans. (2008). Soil CO2 respiration: comparison of chemical
titration, CO2 IRGA analysis, and the Solvita gel system. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems.
23:16.
Haney, R. L., W. F. Brinton, and E. Evans. 2008. Estimating soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
mineralization from short-term carbon dioxide respiration. Communications in Soil Science and Plant
Analysis.39: 2706-2720.
Kinsey, N. and C. Walters. (2009). Hands on agronomy. Austin, TX: Acres U.S.A.
Mohler, C.L. and S.E. Johnson, ed. (2009). Crop rotation on organic farms: a planning manual. Ithaca,
NY: Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service
Moyer, J. (2011). Organic no-till farming. Austin, TX: Acres U.S.A.
Murdock, L., D. Call, and J. James. (2004). Comparison and use of chlorophyll meters on wheat
(reectance vs. transmittance/absorbance). Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Extension.
NASA. (2011). Chlorophyll Meters Aid Plant Nutrient Management. Available at: http://www.sti.nasa.
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REFERENCES
AMSOIL INC., 925 Tower Ave., Superior, WI 54880 s 715-392-7101 s Printed in U.S.A.
2012, AMSOIL INC. All rights reserved. The AGGRAND logo is a registered trademark of AMSOIL INC.
Contact your AGGRAND Dealer for more information on AGGRAND products or to place an order. You may
also order direct by calling AMSOIL INC. at 1-800-956-5695 and providing the referral number listed here.


Referral #_________________________________
G2957 2/12
Natural Fertilizer
Proven Performance
through Natural &
Organic Ingredients
s Multi-purpose excellent
results on owers, fruits,
vegetables, lawns, trees,
crops and houseplants
s Formulated for foliar feed
or soil application
s Promotes enhanced
plant vigor, increasing
resistance to disease
and stress
s Convenient liquid
concentrate
s Can be mixed with
other AGGRAND
products for easy
application
Natural Kelp and
Sulfate of Potash
Natural Formula
Promotes Healthy,
Productive Plants
s Improves tolerance for
heat, cold and drought
s Promotes nitrogen (N) use
efciency
s Helps reduce susceptibility
to insect attack and
infection by disease-causing
organisms
s Promotes early growth and
development
s Helps increase oil content
in seed crops
s Promotes early ripening,
improved quality and
extended shelf-life of fruits
and vegetables
s Aids seed formation
and nitrogen xation
in legumes
s Formulated for foliar feed
or soil applications
Natural Liquid
Bonemeal
Promotes Healthier
Vegetables and
Flowers through
Fast- and Slow-Release
Phosphorus
s Readily usable source
of phosphorus (P) and
calcium (C)
s Slow-release formula feeds
plants throughout the
growing season
s Perfect for all bulbs and
transplants
s Outstanding performance
on root and fruit crops
s Ideal for owers
s Convenient liquid
concentrate
s Can be mixed with other
AGGRAND products for
easy application
Natural Liquid Lime
Quickly and Naturally
Increases Calcium
Levels in the Soil
s High-quality super-ne
limestone
s Specically formulated for
foliar and root applications
s Use on lawns, pastures and
hay elds
s Combine with AGGRAND
Natural Fertilizer to supply
additional calcium
s Easy-to-apply liquid
concentrate produces no
dusty mess