LTE Demystified

What is LTE and how does it work?

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media

Agenda

Intro to Broadband Concepts Defining Broadband and Broadband Services LTE Technology LTE Features and Performance LTE Architecture LTE Radio Interface MIMO LTE Services and Voice Evolution Option to LTE Spectrum for LTE Deployment Benefits of LTE Q&A

Introduction to Broadband
Why is Wireless Broadband so important?

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media

Wireless Broadband Requirements

Increasing Smartphone and dongle usage g g g More data applications available

Data is booming, but

Globaldatarevenueandtrafficgrowth,20082013 Reb basedgrow wth(2008 8=100%) ) 1700% 1500% 1300% % 1100% 900% 700% 500% 300% 100% 2008

6

Revenue Traffic

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

More efficient technologies required to reduce the cost per bit Candidate technologies are HSPA+ and LTE (or WiMAX?)

Typical Broadband Services

telemetry and remote control Messaging and Social Networking

TV, VoD, Radio Internet Connection

Voice (VoIP) Application Stores

Cloud Computing

Wireless Technology Evolution

TACS, NMT, AMPS Voice only

LTE Super Fast Data 4G? GSM, CDMA, TDMA Voice, Data, Text UMTS, cdma2000 Packet data, Multimedia HSDPA, HSDPA HSUPA Faster Data LTE Advanced ? Ultra Fast Data

GPRS, GPRS EDGE Packet data

8

LTE Technology
So what is Long Term Evolution?

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media

Long Term Evolution LTE

LTE: - a new cellular radio standard allowing faster, more efficient transfer of data, enabling the next generation data of mobile data services

All new All IP, Mobile Wireless Broadband Network LTE is part of 3GPP evolution Can we call LTE 4G? Do people care?

10

Mobile Technology Evolution

LTE has evolved from early GSM technology Development was started by the European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI) Development is now managed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE is part of R l i f Release 8 of the Specifications f h S ifi i

GSM Phase 2+ GSM Phase 1 New Voice Codec Basic Voice Further Optimizations 1991 1995

GSM Phase 2+ R97/98 More GPRS EDGE 1997

R4 Core Network Soft switch 2000

R6 HSUPA ALL IP 2004

R8

LTE
2008

R10 LTE Advanced? 2012

1993 GSM Phase 2 Txt Messages Basic Data

1996 1999 GSM Phase 2+ R99 Release 96 UMTS Radio Network GPRS

2002 R5 HSDPA IMS

2006 R7 HSPA+

2010 R9 LTE Enhancements

11

LTE Performance

Data Rates Bandwidth D t R t & B d idth

3 4 times more capacity than HSxPA Release 6 100 300Mbps

Less time spent downloading content, LTE is a lot faster Greater number of mobiles connected to the network, Higher Capacity

Delay (Latency) D l (L t )

3 4 times less delay than HSxPA Release 6 100mS Connection Setup 5 20mS roundtrip delay

Much more responsive web browsing Better i B tt voice over IP performance f

Other LTE Benefits

Advanced Antenna technologies increase capacity g p y Advanced Antenna technologies increase cell size All IP (packet data) network for faster, more efficient services LTE can I t Interwork with existing GSM/UMTS networks k ith i ti t k LTE supports multimedia broadcasting

12

LTE Data Performance, Downloading

Typical 3 5 minute YouTube clip 5 Megabytes of information

GPRS @ 40Kbps 125s 40Kb 125 EDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50s UMTS @ 384Kbps 13s HSPA @1Mbps 5s average user data rate LTE @ 5Mbps 1s average user data rate

13

LTE Architecture (high level)

New Access Network
Base Station - Evolved Node B X2 interface for improved Handover and Interference Management Backhaul Connections are Critical Capacity Critical,

Downlink Radio Interface

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) Improved Performance in Urban Areas Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO)

Uplink Radio Interface

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) Good Urban Area Performance Designed for Good Battery Life

eNB

X2
eUTRAN

eNB

UE

14

eNB Evolved Node B;MME Mobility Management Entity; SGW Serving Gateway P-GW Packet Data Gateway UE User Equipment

LTE Architecture (high level)

New Core Network
Evolved Packet Core All IP for efficiency New Network Elements Designed to be Flexible and Scalable Self Organising Network (SON)

MME and SGW d

PGW

Mobility Management Entity Packet Gateway Overall control of the UE and provides connection to Data Sessions external networks Handle Handovers and Handle internet, IMS, WAP, MMS internet, Location Management Manages the IP session for Serving Gateway the User Equipment Handles User Data Controlled by the MME

PGW

S5

SGW
S11

S1 U S1-U
eNB

X2
eUTRAN

eNB

UE

EPC All IP All New

MME
S1-MME

15

eNB Evolved Node B;MME Mobility Management Entity; SGW Serving Gateway P-GW Packet Data Gateway UE User Equipment

LTE Architecture (high level)

Interworking Defined interfaces for interworking UMTS/GPRS interworking WiFi/WiMAX Interworking I t ki Interworking with Trusted/non-Trusted

WLAN
S2

UMTS
S3,S4,S12 S3 S4 S12

PGW

S5

SGW
S11

S1 U S1-U
eNB

X2
eUTRAN

eNB

UE

EPC All IP All New

MME
S1-MME

16

eNB Evolved Node B;MME Mobility Management Entity; SGW Serving Gateway P-GW Packet Data Gateway UE User Equipment

LTE Architecture (high level)

Connection to External Networks
IMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers

IMS
WLAN
S2

SGi

UMTS
S3,S4,S12 S3 S4 S12

PGW

S5

SGW
S11

S1 U S1-U
eNB

X2
eUTRAN

eNB

UE

EPC All IP All New

MME
S1-MME

17

eNB Evolved Node B;MME Mobility Management Entity; SGW Serving Gateway P-GW Packet Data Gateway UE User Equipment

LTE Radio Interface Overview

Key Features

Flexible Bandwidth Options

1.4 1 4 20 MH MHz

High Order Modulation and Coding

Q S , 6Q QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 Q a d 6 QAM Adaptive modulation and coding

eNB

Robust OFDMA in the Downlink

Multi-Carrier Transmission C Good Multipath Performance Suited to Advanced Antenna Techniques

Efficient SC-FDMA in the Uplink

Still good Multipath Performance Decoding complexity in the eNB More power efficient than OFDMA

UE

Advanced Antenna Support

MIMO, 2x2, 4x4 Beamforming

19

LTE Radio Interface Overview

OFDMA and SC FDMA SC-FDMA
12 Sub-Carriers/RB Good Multipath Performance Simplified UE Receiver Scalable OFDMA Supports MIMO
Frequency y

Frequency

Time

eNB
Frequenc cy

UE
Frequency Time

20

Single Carrier /RB Simplified UE Design Lower power Consumption No MIMO

LTE Radio Interface Overview

MIMO

eNB

UE

Downlink only 2 or 4 Transmit antennas at the base station 2 or 4 Receive antennas at the UE
21

Spatial Multiplexing increases data rate Up to 4x increase in Capacity* Requires an Urban Environment Wont work every where

Services for LTE

LTE Services
3rd Party Content Operator Managed Content Video, Social Networking, WWW

LTE Network
Is a transport/delivery network Can manage content QoS g High capacity means many customers

Content Management
IMS S i D li Service Delivery Pl tf Platform LTE compatible with existing solutions
22

Voice and LTE

IMS Network N t k
Call Session Control Function (CSCF) Register VoIP Users Processes VoIP Call Manages VoIP Services

IMS

Signalling (SIP)

IMS VoIP App

EPC
Media (RTP)

LTE Network
Establishes Initial Bearer Must maintain an always on connection Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS Routes the VoIP Media

23

Evolution Paths to LTE

Source; Informa Telecoms and Media

24

LTE Deployment Timelines

LTSI LTE/SAE Trial Initiative T i l I iti ti SAE Service Architecture Evolution

25

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

Spectrum for LTE

LTE uses Wideband Channels 5 MHz, 10 MHz

Large spectral allocations are required

Can use any IMT designated Spectrum Spectrum re-farming?

Replace your existing 2G/3G with LTE? G/ G ? Not an options for many operators Mobile equipment becomes hard (expensive!) to build when so many bands are used
No harmonised spectrum

UE hardware Issues

Roaming issues

Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum

This may delay the launch of LTE in some markets

26

The Radio Spectrum

VLF Very Low Freq LF Low Freq MF Medium Freq HF High Freq VHF Very High Freq UHF Ultra High Freq SHF Super High Freq

3KHz

30KHz

300KHz

3MHz

30MHz

300MHz

3GHz

300GHz

IMT Bands Shown in White

TV TV GSM

DECT UMTS GSM WiFi WiMAX

300
MHz

500

900

1500

1800

2500

3000

4000
MHz

27

UHF Band is very busy Most mobile radio services operate in this band p Many frequencies in UHF are designated IMT bands LTE can be deployed in any IMT Band

Possible LTE Frequency Bands for MEA

450 470 MHz Limited Availability 880-960 880 960 MHz GSM Foreseeable Future 2110-2200 MHz Remains UMTS HSPA 2500-2690 MHz Most Likely Deployments

TV TV GSM GSM

DECT UMTS WiMAX WiFi

300
MHz

500

900

1500

1800

2500

3000

4000
MHz

790 - 862 MHz Available 2 -3 Years

1710-2025 2300 2400 MHz MHz Good Potential Limited Equipment ? Availability

3400 3600 MHz

Not Suitable for LTE

28

These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies g g g g g These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed

Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands

Frequency Lower Frequencies 400 900MHz Advantage
-Good propagation -Good in-building Good in building coverage -large cells possible -may be cheaper to deploy -Higher capacity designs possible -Smaller Antennas

Disadvantage
-Problems with interference, interference -possible lower capacity -Antennas are large -worse propagation -building penetration very high -may result in high cost networks

Comment
Sometimes called the Digital Dividend Dividend, many TV services are still using this band 2.5GHz may still be used to build mobile systems, but more difficult, 3.5GHz the problems increase

Higher Frequencies 1Ghz 4GHz 1Gh 4GH

Lower frequency Bigger Radio Cell Lower Capacity

400MHz 900MHz 1GHz 4GHz

Higher frequency Smaller Radio Cell Higher Capacity 29

Example London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz

30

Example London LTE Cell at 900 MHz

31

Deployment Benefits of LTE

Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements

Cost per Megabit
3% of th cost of EDGE 20% of th cost of 3G (Ali Amer, STC) f the t f EDGE, f the t f Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators Ub A Urban Area payback 6 years f greenfield operators b k 6-7 for fi ld

Cost reduction more important than performance increases, initially increases initially (Adrian Scrase 3GPP) Scrase, LTE Self Organising Network
50% less C ess CAPEX, 30% less O , ess OPEX (Ihab Ghattas, Huawei ME) ( ab G a as, ua e )

HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits

HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Ayman Elnashar, Du)

Race for LTE less urgent

WiMAX market position is clearer

32

What are the alternatives to LTE?

HSPA/HSPA+

Might be closer for some than LTE Use existing Spectrum More natural roadmap in the short term Solid Evolution Path (R6, R7, R8.) Good Performance (20-40 Mbps +) Perhaps more fixed than mobile Good G d performance f Its here! increasing number of user devices May Ma not be the most nat ral roadmap for cell lar natural cellular operators Remember 802 16m is a 4G candidate 802.16m

WiMAX

33

Factors Affecting the Cost of LTE

Use of Ethernet over Fibre Technology in the Backhaul

E1/T1 is expensive Backhaul still a major issue No RNC Flatter Network Architecture Less power required Remote Radio Head utilisation Use of advanced antenna techniques High order modulation

Fewer system Components

Smaller Base Station Components

More Spectrally Efficient

Cost of License?

34

So where are we with LTE?

LTE Status Report Q4 2010

35

Telecoms Academy

http:// www.telecomsacademy.com http://www.schooloflte.com/ http://www schooloflte com/ training@telecomsacademy.com

36