Weather Report

The Complete Guide

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Contents
Articles
Overview
Weather Report 1 1 15 15 21 27 29 33 38 39 40 42 43 45 56 58 60 61 66 67 68 70 74 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88

The members
Joe Zawinul Wayne Shorter Miroslav Vitou Airto Moreira Alphonse Mouzon Dom Um Romo Greg Errico Alphonso Johnson Leon "Ndugu" Chancler Chester Thompson Jaco Pastorius Alex Acua Don Alias Manolo Badrena Peter Erskine Omar Hakim Victor Bailey Mino Cinelu Narada Michael Walden

Studio albums
Weather Report (1971) I Sing the Body Electric Sweetnighter Mysterious Traveller Tale Spinnin' Black Market Heavy Weather Mr. Gone

Night Passage Weather Report (1982) Procession Domino Theory Sportin' Life This Is This!

90 92 94 96 98 100 102 102 104 107 110 110 114 114 116 116

Live albums
Live in Tokyo 8:30 Live and Unreleased

Compilations
Forecast: Tomorrow

Compositions
"Birdland"

Discography and lists

Discography

References
Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 121 123

Article Licenses
License 124

Overview
Weather Report
Weather Report

Weather Report live June 11, 1981 Background information Origin Genres Years active Labels Associated acts New York City, USA Jazz, jazz fusion 19701986 Columbia Records Jaco Pastorius

Past members Joe Zawinul Wayne Shorter Miroslav Vitou Airto Moreira Alphonse Mouzon Dom Um Romo Eric Gravatt Greg Errico Alphonso Johnson Ishmael Wilburn Skip Hadden Alyrio Lima Leon "Ndugu" Chancler Chester Thompson Jaco Pastorius Alex Acua Don Alias Manolo Badrena Peter Erskine Erich Zawinul Robert Thomas Jr. Omar Hakim Victor Bailey Jose Rossy Mino Cinelu Narada Michael Walden Steve "Muruga" Booker

Weather Report Weather Report was an American jazz band of the 1970s and early 1980s. The band was co-led by the Austrian-born keyboard player Josef "Joe" Zawinul and the American saxophonist Wayne Shorter (and, initially, by Czech bass player Miroslav Vitou). Other prominent members at various points in the bands lifespan included Jaco Pastorius, Peter Erskine, Alphonso Johnson, Victor Bailey, Airto Moreira and Chester Thompson. Alongside Chick Corea's Return to Forever, Herbie Hancocks Headhunters, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, the Pat Metheny Group and the early 1970s Miles Davis electric bands, Weather Report is considered to be one of the pre-eminent jazz fusion bands , although the band members themselves disdained the term. As a continuous working unit, Weather Report outlasted all of its contemporaries despite frequent changes of personnel, with a career lasting sixteen years between 1970 and 1986.

Musical style
Over a sixteen-year career Weather Reports music explored various areas, centred on jazz (including both the "free" and "Latin" varieties) but also including various elements of art music, ethnic music, R&B, funk and rock. While their work was often categorised as "jazz fusion", the band members themselves generally rejected the term. From the start, Weather Report took the unusual and innovative approach of abandoning the traditional "soloist/accompaniment" demarcation of straight-ahead jazz and instead featuring opportunities for continuous improvisation by every member of the band. This position remained consistent throughout the life of the band. From the mid-1970s individual solos became more prominent, but were never allowed to overwhelm the musics collective approach. Initially, the band's music featured a free, extended improvisational method (similar to Miles Davis's Bitches Brew-period work), but by the mid-1970s this had moved towards more groove-orientated and pre-structured music (as epitomised by their hit single "Birdland"). Joe Zawinul's playing style was often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations (simultaneously bebop-, ethnic-, and pop-sounding) combined with sparse but rhythmic big-band chords or bass lines. Having originally made his name as a pioneering electric piano player, he went on to consistently develop the role of the synthesizer in jazz during his time with Weather Report. Working with companies such as ARP and Oberheim, Zawinul developed new ways of voicing and patching electronic tones for textures, ensemble roles (including emulations of traditional band instruments) and soloing. In Weather Report, he often employed a vocoder as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e., filtered and transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of jazz harmonics and "noise" (which he referred to as "using all the sounds the world generates"). By the end of Weather Reports career, Zawinuls synthesized arrangements entirely dominated the bands music.
In the beginning let's say Weather Report was a joint thing. Then, after the second album there's no question about it, it became more and more my group. Wayne wanted it like that, but we were always 'partners in crime.' No Wayne, no Weather Report. Josef Zawinul on his gradual takeover of Weather Report
[1]

Wayne Shorter came to the group with a reputation as a dominant role as an instrumentalist, drawn from both his solo work and his contributions to Miles Davis "second great quintet" during the 1960s. His choice not to follow the same approach with Weather Report led to some criticism of the group. During his time with Weather Report, Shorter was noted for generally playing saxophone with an economical, "listening" style. Rather than continually taking the lead, he would generally add subtle harmonic, melodic and/or rhythmic complexity by responding to other member's improvisations (although he could and did sometimes exercise a more frenetic style akin to that of John Coltrane or Michael Brecker). Playing both tenor and soprano saxophones, Shorter continued to develop the role of the latter instrument in jazz, taking his cue from previous work by Coltrane, Sidney Bechet, Lucky Thompson and Steve Lacy. Weather Report maintained a consistent interest in a textured sound and developments in music technology and processing. Both Zawinul and original bassist Miroslav Vitou experimented with electronic effects pedals (as generally used by rock guitarists) with Zawinul using them on electric piano and synthesizers and Vitou on his

Weather Report upright bass (which he frequently bowed through distortion to create a second horn-like voice). The bands third bass player, Jaco Pastorius, popularised the use of melodic soloing fretless bass guitar and string harmonics, as well as consolidating the driving RnB pulse in the bands music which had been brought in by his predecessor Alphonso Johnson. With the exception of a brief quartet period between 1978 and 1979, Weather Reports instrumentation always included both a traditional trap set drummer and a second percussionist. For its first eight years of existence the group had difficulty finding a permanent drummer, moving through an approximate average of one drummer per year until Jaco Pastorius helped to recruit Peter Erskine in 1978. Erskine and (later on) Omar Hakim were the only Weather Report drummers that played with the band for more than two years.

History
First phase (from free to funk)
Inception and formation Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter first met and became friends in 1959 while they were playing in Maynard Ferguson's Big Band. Zawinul went on to play with Cannonball Adderley's group in the 1960s, while Shorter joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and then, in 1964, Miles Davis's second great quintet. During this decade, both men made names for themselves as being among the best composers in jazz. Zawinul would later join Shorter in contributing to the initial fusion music recordings of Miles Davis, and both men were part of the studio groups which recorded the key Davis albums In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew. In consequence, Weather Report has often been seen as a spin-off from the Miles Davis bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s, although Zawinul was never part of Davis's touring line-up. Weather Report was initially formed in order to explore a more impressionistic and individualistic music (or, as Zawinul put it, away from all that eight bars shit and then you go to the bridge)[2] Zawinul and Shorter recruited another Miles Davis associate, the classically-trained Czech-born bass player Miroslav Vitou, whod previously played with Zawinul as well as with Herbie Mann, Bob Brookmeyer, Stan Getz and Chick Corea (Vitous has subsequently claimed that it was in fact Shorter and himself that founded Weather Report, with Shorter bringing in Zawinul afterwards.)[3] All three men composed, and would form the core of the project. To complete the band, the trio brought in former McCoy Tyner drummer Alphonse Mouzon and set about looking for a full-time auxiliary percussionist as they began to record their debut album. The initial recruits were session player Don Alias and symphony orchestra percussionist Barbara Burton. During recording, Alias quarrelled with Zawinul - allegedly due to the latter being too dictatorial over the percussion approach - and the innovative Brazilian percussionist Airto Moreira (yet another Miles Davis alumnus) was brought in to complete the record. The debut album and first concerts Weather Report's self-titled debut album Weather Report caused a sensation in the jazz world on its arrival, thanks to the pedigree of the groups members and their unorthodox approach to their music. The album featured a softer sound than would be the case in later years (predominantly using acoustic bass, with Shorter exclusively playing soprano saxophone, and with no synthesizers involved) but is still considered a classic of early fusion. It built on the avant-garde experiments which Zawinul and Shorter had pioneered with Miles Davis on Bitches Brew (including an avoidance of head-and-chorus composition in favour of continuous rhythm and movement) but taking the music further. To emphasise the groups rejection of standard methodology, the album opened with the inscrutable avant-garde atmospheric piece Milky Way (created by Shorters extremely muted saxophone inducing vibrations in Zawinuls piano strings while the latter pedalled the instrument). Down Beat described the album as music beyond category (Dan Morgenstern, Down Beat, May 13, 1971) and awarded it Album of the Year in the magazines polls that year.

Weather Report Although Moreira completed the recording of the debut Weather Report album, his existing commitments to Miles Davis meant that he was unable to play live with the group. Burton performed at Weather Reports first residency - a week of performances at Pauls Mall in Boston, prior to the album release - but could not come to business terms with Zawinul over tour plans. Zawinul subsequently removed both her album credit and that of Alias, leaving Moreira as the only percussionist credited. For the upcoming concerts, former Brazil '66 member Dom Um Romo was recruited as the groups new percussionist on Moreiras own recommendation. After further gigs in Philadelphia, Weather Report went on to a tour of Europe. Following disagreements on tour, Mouzon was soon replaced by another former McCoy Tyner drummer, Eric Gravatt. I Sing The Body Electric In 1972 Weather Report released its second album, I Sing the Body Electric, a release divided between different aspects of the group. The first side featured new studio recordings, while the second side was taken from live recordings of a concert in Tokyo, Japan, featuring the full band lineup of Zawinul, Shorter, Vitou, Gravatt and Um Romo (and later available in full as the Japan-only double album Live in Tokyo).[4] The studio side featured compositions which used extended versions of the band including various guest performers, suggesting that Weather Report was not necessarily an integral jazz band but might possibly work as an expandable project set up to realise the music of its three composers. One track, "The Moors", featured a lengthy twelve-string guitar intro performed entirely by guitarist Ralph Towner (of Oregon and the Paul Winter Consort). Zawinuls "Unknown Soldier" featured performances by jazz/classical trumpet veteran Wilmer Wise and singers Yolande Bavan, Joshie Armstrong and Chapman Roberts (as well as English horn contributed by Andrew White III, a cross-disciplinary multi-instrumentalist who was not only the oboist for the American Ballet Theatre Orchestra but also played bass guitar for both Stevie Wonder and The Fifth Dimension) The album also featured Zawinuls first use of a synthesizer (an instrument with which he would become synonymous within jazz) and of sound effects. I Sing the Body Electric also showed the first signs of a shift in the balance of control within the band, away from the more collective approach of the debut album. The following year would see this tendency develop further, primarily at the expense of Miroslav Vitou. Sweetnighter and the move towards funk On 1973's Sweetnighter, Weather Report began to abandon the primarily-acoustic group improvisation format, and the band started to take a new direction. Primarily at Zawinuls instigation, Weather Report became more funk- and groove-oriented, drawing more heavily on R&B influences and dense electric keyboard work while adding more structure to both the prewritten and the improvisational sections. The last song on the album, Shorter's "Non-Stop Home", foreshadowed the band's developing hallmark sound (which would be even more in evidence on their next album).
[Miroslav] loved funk, and he tried to play it, but he wasn't a funk player. It wasn't where he came from. He didn't connect up with how to go there. He could listen to it, talk about it, and he admired it, but that's not what came out of him, so that was something that held back where Joe wanted to go at the time I was with them. Melodically and rhythmically, Miroslav was great; what he did do, in terms of where I was coming from, was very unique. Miroslav was still playing acoustic, and it was an odd kind of a funk. It was very... interesting! Weather Report touring drummer Greg Errico on Miroslav Vitou
[5]

The change in approach would affect the band deeply. Playing more repetitive, funky bass vamps did not suit Miroslav Vitou' particular talents, and Zawinul also judged Eric Gravatts approach to be unsuitable for certain of the new pieces he had written. Andrew White III had returned to play occasional English horn on the album, but Zawinul also employed him on bass guitar on three tracks in order to get the style of funk playing required. For similar reasons, the studio-based drummer/composer Herschel Dwellingham played drums on four of the albums six tracks, replacing Gravatt entirely on three of them: on "Non-Stop Home", Dwellingham and Gravatt played together,

Weather Report with Gravatt the sole drummer only on "125th Street Congress". (Steve "Muruga" Booker also contributed percussion to the sessions alongside Dom Um Romo.)
From the jazz side, Eric Gravatt was my favorite of them all. Josef Zawinul on Weather Reports drummers
[6]

Gravatt took his replacement in the studio sessions badly and quit the band at the end of recording, moving to Minneapolis to join the band Natural Life. Several years after Weather Reports final demise, Zawinul would pay tribute to Gravatts skills and state that he had been the finest of the bands "pure jazz" drummers.[7] With Gravatt gone and Dwellingham unavailable for touring, former Sly & the Family Stone drummer Greg Errico played on the Sweetnighter tour but did not stay with the band afterwards. Split with Miroslav Vitou, and end of first phase of band activity By now Zawinul wished to continue further along the road to funk and was at creative loggerheads with Miroslav Vitou, who preferred Weather Reports original approach. Retrospectively, Zawinul would accuse Vitou of being unable to play funk convincingly (something which Greg Errico would corroborate) and claim that he had not provided enough music for the band. Vitou would counter that he had in fact brought in compositions but that Zawinul had been unable to play them. Vitou has also accused Zawinul of having been "a first class manipulator" overly interested in commercial success.[8] [9] When Shorter sided with Zawinul the original three-man partnership broke down acrimoniously and Vitou left Weather Report. His final contribution to the band was to play bass on a single track which appeared on the bands next album Mysterious Traveller ("American Tango", which, ironically, hed co-written with Zawinul). Vitou would go on to an illustrious career as a composer and to lead his own band. He has subsequently accused both Zawinul and Shorter of having used foul play to edge him out of the band, to deny the scale of his contribution to Weather Reports history and creative approach, and to cheat him out of remuneration.[8] [9] Vitou departure marked the end of the first phase of Weather Report and the shift of overall creative dominance of the band to Josef Zawinul, although Shorter remained an integral, influential and vital part of the project.

Second phase (an earthbound groove)

Arrival of Alphonso Johnson, and Mysterious Traveller Miroslav Vitou replacement was the Philadelphian electric bass guitarist Alphonso Johnson (formerly a sideman for the smooth-jazz player Chuck Mangione). Recruited by Shorter, Johnson was a supple player more than capable of providing the funk element which Zawinul desired. He was also an early advocate of the Chapman Stick, which he can be heard playing on some of the live Weather Report recordings of the period. Weather Report's breakout album Weather Report performing in Amsterdam, in 1980 establishing what would become its hallmark sound - was 1974s Mysterious Traveller, which also featured the debut of new drummer Ishmail Wilburn (although on the title track and Nubian

Weather Report Sundance his playing was doubled by that of Skip Hadden). The album continued Sweetnighters process of reducing the free-jazz elements of previous albums but also showed a more fully developed compositional technique. Zawinul exploited improvements in synthesizer technology on the recording and began to add processed sound effects such as cheering crowds (taken from a Rose Bowl football game), child-like cries (Zawinul's own son recorded in their home) and noises reminiscent of science-fiction aliens. Mysterious Traveller was the second of Weather Report's albums to win Down Beats "Album of the Year" award and the first in their unprecedented run of four such consecutive awards. According to Zawinul, Wilburn apparently lost heart on tour (despite performing well in the studio). To shore up the music the band hired another drummer, Darryl Brown, to play alongside him. At the end of the tour both Wilburn and Brown left the band (as did Dom Um Romo) and Weather Report was, once again, drummer-less. Tale Spinnin' For the next set of studio sessions, Weather Report added a new Brazilian percussionist (Alyrio Lima) and a new drummer Chuck Bazemore of The Delfonics.[5] Bazemore turned out to be unsuitable for the band and departed early in the sessions, with none of his recorded contributions being retained. Instead, the band called in the former Herbie Hancock (and current Santana) drummer Leon "Ndugu" Chancler, who had been working on another project in an adjacent studio. Ndugu recorded with Weather Report for a week and performed all of the drum tracks for the forthcoming album, Tale Spinnin', but declined to join as a permanent member (opting instead to continue with Santana). Released in 1975, Tale Spinnin' was Weather Reports most solid album to date. Ndugu had been well suited to Zawinuls funk approach and his reliability during the sessions had made this the first Weather Report album to feature a consistent rhythm section (rather than a varied set of drummers, percussionists and bass players) since their debut. The album also made further strides in utilizing technological improvements in synthesizers, even making use of the gigantic Weather Report bassist Jaco Pastorius studio-based TONTO array. Conversely, it also showcased Wayne Shorter's playing to the extent of containing more saxophone solos than any other Weather Report album in the bands entire career. During the same year, Shorter also recorded the seminal and well received Latin-jazz Native Dancer under his own name (with the Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton Nascimento). Zawinul and Shorters continued dominance of the American jazz scene was emphasised when Tale Spinnin' won the Down Beat best album award for 1975 (the third Weather Report album to do so) and Native Dancer was the runner-up. Black Market: departure of Alphonso Johnson and arrival of Jaco Pastorius By 1976's Black Market album, Weather Report's music had evolved further from open-ended funk jams into more melody-oriented, concise forms, which also offered a greater mass-market appeal. Zawinul further consolidated his use of keyboard synthesizers while Shorter experimented with an early form of wind synthesizer, the Lyricon. The new album was also perhaps the most rock-oriented work which the group had produced to date, in part due to Alphonso Johnson recruiting his friend Chester Thompson (a former Frank Zappa sideman) to play drums.

Weather Report However, the album was recorded during yet another period of change for the group, with multiple personnel shuffles. Although Alyrio Lima played percussion on one track, he was replaced during the sessions by Don Alias (his first appearance with the group since the debut album debacle) and by Alex Acua (a Peruvian drummer and conga player based in Las Vegas whod played with Elvis Presley and Ike Turner, among others.[10] ) Alphonso Johnson was also worn out from the bands frequent changes of drummer and the strain that this put on the rhythm section. During a break in activity halfway through the recording of Black Market, Johnson opted to leave Weather Report in order to play with the Billy Cobham/George Duke Band (which featured a young John Scofield on guitar). Prior to his departure, Johnson played on all but two of the new albums tracks. His replacement was Jaco Pastorius, a virtuoso fretless bass guitarist from Florida who had been in touch with Zawinul for several years, and who came in to play on "Cannon Ball" and his own composition "Barbary Coast". Zawinul and Shorter had assumed that Chester Thompson would be departing alongside his friend Johnson, and for the second set of sessions they replaced him (on Jaco Pastorius recommendation) with the former Mahavishnu Orchestra drummer Narada Michael Walden. Although Walden played on several album tracks, he ultimately proved unsuitable. Thompson returned for the final Black Market sessions, but left again after failing to gel as a rhythm section with Pastorius (whose style was much busier than that of Johnson). Black Market continued Weather Reports ongoing run of success, selling well and being the fourth of the bands albums to win Down Beat's album of the year award. For the subsequent tour, Alex Acua moved from percussion to the drumkit, and Don Alias was replaced by the young Puerto Rican percussionist Manolo Badrena, who had previously played with various Latin rock bands and with Art Blakey. The band made a very well received appearance at the Montreux Jazz Festival, which was filmed for future release.

Third phase (the Jaco Pastorius years)

The Jaco effect, Heavy Weather & "Birdland" The recruitment of Jaco Pastorius helped to push Weather Report to the height of its popularity. Already a rising star in his own right, he could play lightning-fast groove lines influenced by rhythmnblues or funk, as well as demonstrating an extraordinary solo control of tone and string harmonics, often sounding more like a horn player. Pastorius was also a multi-instrumentalist (contributing drums, steel pan and mandocello to the latest recording sessions), a gifted composer (eventually responsible for some signature Weather Report pieces such as "Teen Town" and "Three Views of a Secret"), and a useful production foil for Zawinul due to his knowledge of recording studios and techniques. Finally, Pastoriuss stagecraft and aggressive showmanship helped the band to bring in a new audience. The bands next album was 1977s acclaimed Heavy Weather, which proved to be the band's most successful recording in terms of sales while still retaining wide critical acclaim. It contained the bands biggest hit, the propulsive and danceable "Birdland" (highlighting Pastorius singing bass lines and Zawinuls synthesized ensemble brass) which became a pop hit and later became a jazz standard. Weather Report appeared on the Burt Sugarman-produced series The Midnight Special, performing both "Birdland" and "Teen Town". Heavy Weather would dominate Weather Report's disc awards, including their last Down Beat "Album of the Year" award.

L-R: Zawinul, Pastorius, Shorter Photo: Jean-Luc Ourlin

During this period, Pastorius strong professional connection with Joni Mitchell (for whom he played bass throughout the latter half of the 1970s) led to another musical connection. Over the next few years, Mitchell would

Weather Report hire the Weather Report line-up en masse (although without Zawinul in each case) to play on her studio albums Don Juan's Reckless Daughter and Mingus. Mr. Gone - the studio as palette By 1978 the band was once again without either a full-time drummer and percussionist, with Alex Acua having returned to Las Vegas for a career as a studio musician and Manolo Badrena having been fired for "non-musical reasons." Shorter had been focussing most of his attention and compositional ideas into his solo work, while Zawinul was sketching out ideas for a solo album of his own which involved moving away from a raw group sound Jaco Pastorius, Toronto, Nov. 1977 Photo: Jean-Luc in favour of constructing a far more orchestrated and experimental Ourlin studio-based recording with multiple overdubs. However, Weather Reports contract and work schedule required another album, so Zawinuls solo work was absorbed into what became Weather Reports eighth album, Mr. Gone. The studio sessions made use of a variety of drummers Pastorius played the kit on two tracks and further contributions came from Tony Williams, Steve Gadd, and Peter Erskine (the latter an ex-Stan Kenton/Maynard Ferguson drummer recruited to the project by Pastorius). Erskine would become a full member of the band for the next tour and would remain with Weather Report until 1982. The album also featured vocal contributions from Deniece Williams and Earth Wind and Fire leader Maurice White. Notoriously, Mr. Gone received only a 1-star review rating from Down Beat magazine after a string of group releases which had all pulled a 5-star rating. The group arranged for a rebuttal interview with the magazine to defend their efforts. Zawinul and Pastorius were defiant in their responses to the interviewer, Shorter more philosophical, and Erskine the most reticent of the four. Rock star jazz tours By now Weather Report was a quartet of Zawinul, Shorter, Pastorius and Erskine and (for the first time) had dispensed with the auxiliary percussionist role which had been integral since the bands inception. Instead, all four members doubled on percussion at various points in live performances. Zawinul would comment that this sleeker, less crowded sound provided more listening range and made the music less chaotic now that the band were now focussing more on melody and harmony.[11] [12] The larger scale and multimedia staging of the bands tours (complete with multiple stagehands, laser and film projections) began to take on the kind of rock-star proportions mostly unknown in jazz circles. The 1979 double live album 8:30 (which won that years Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance) was recorded on the Mr Gone tour and captured the direct power and energy of this lineup of Weather Report. Zawinul would later describe this lineup as one of the greatest bands of all time! That band was a hummer!"[13] Between March 24, 1979, Weather Report travelled to Havana, Cuba, in order to participate in the historic Havana Jam festival, a break in mutual Cuban/American political hostilities which saw American artists such as Stephen Stills, the CBS Jazz All-Stars, Bonnie Bramlett, Kris Kristofferson, Rita Coolidge and Billy Joel play alongside Cuban artists such as Irakere, Pacho Alonso, Tata Gines and Orquesta Aragn. Another featured performance was by the Trio of Doom (in which Pastorius played alongside John McLaughlin and Tony Williams). Weather Reports performance featured in Havana Jam '79, Ernesto Juan Castellanos' documentary celebrating the event. During the years touring, Shorter began to feel sidelined by the current Weather Reports aggressive drive and the sometimes overly-macho musical interplay between Pastorius and Zawinul, which on at least one occasion squeezed him out of band performance. At one point, he claimed to a journalist that he would be leaving the band within a few months. In the event, Shorter resolved his major differences with his bandmates - but the near-split appeared to

Weather Report inform Weather Reports next development, which was a step back towards a purer jazz approach. Night Passage and Weather Report (1982) At the beginning of 1980, Pastorius recruited hand-drummer Robert Thomas Jr. (a fellow Floridan whom hed jammed with previously) into the band. Thomas featured on 1980s Night Passage album. A tighter and more traditional recording than previous releases, the record featured a more prominent role for Shorter, a strong element of bebop and a nod to jazzs golden age via a high-speed cover of Duke Ellingtons "Rockin in Rhythm" (showing off Zawinuls pioneering and ever-increasing ability to create synthetic big-band sounds on his synthesizers). By now, Pastorius was displaying signs of the mental instability and substance abuse problems which would ultimately wreck his career, and the close relationship between him and Zawinul was becoming strained as Zawinul tired of Pastorius showmanship onstage (beginning to feel that it detracted from the music). Towards the end of the year, Pastorius began working on his long-delayed second solo album (Word of Mouth) in New York, while Zawinul worked on new Weather Report material in California. Weather Reports next album Weather Report - their second eponymous release following their 1970 debut - was recorded in 1981, although it was not released for another year. Zawinuls dominance as instrumentalist and composer (as well as group director) was even more pronounced on this album. Much of the bands sound was created by synthesized orchestration, and the music was increasingly written out rather than improvised. Pastorius was by now thoroughly frustrated with Zawinuls approach, especially now that the keyboard player had increasingly taken control of basslines by both writing them out for Pastorius to play from manuscript and by also playing or doubling most of them on his ARP Quadra synthesizer. In the event, Pastorius spent more of his creative attention on the Word of Mouth project, with his only writing for the Weather Report album being his contribution to a single group-composed piece. Shorter (who only contributed one whole composition to the 1982 album beyond group-written work) was already taking a more philosophical approach. He later commented that "for a long time in Weather Report, I abstained. I elected not to do things." Departure of Pastorius, Erskine & Thomas The delay in releasing the 1982 Weather Report album had the side effect of breaking up the current line-up of the band. By late 1981 Pastorius was putting together the Word of Mouth Big Band (which included Erskine) for concert dates in Japan, on the assumption that 1982 would be a Weather Report rest year. However, previously cancelled tour dates had left the band open to potentially crippling lawsuits and an obligation to play replacement concerts. When scheduled, these clashed with the Word of Mouth concerts and led to Pastorius leaving Weather Report, albeit relatively amicably. As Zawinul put it "We had no choice. We had to find another bass player Basically, Jaco went his way and we had to go ours." Erskines own commitment to Word of Mouth (and a subsequent summer commitment to Steps Ahead) meant that he too had to be replaced, while Robert Thomas Jr. was simply dismissed. Down to a duo and with tour commitments looming, Zawinul and Shorter were obliged to quickly assemble a new band.

Fourth phase (the late bloom)

Recruiting a new band, and Procession On the recommendation of Michael Urbaniak, Zawinul and Shorter recruited the 23-year-old drummer Omar Hakim, a talented session player and multi-instrumentalist who had played with a variety of musicians (including Mike Mainieri, David Bowie and Carly Simon) and who was immediately entrusted with recruiting the rest of the new rhythm section. Having failed to secure Marcus Miller as bass guitarist, Hakim selected Victor Bailey (a recent graduate from the Berklee College of Music whom Hakim had played with while backing Miriam Makeba). He also recruited percussion/concertina player Jos Rossy, whom hed worked with in Labelle.

Weather Report The new Weather Report went straight onto tour, where they were received well by audiences and critics as a band which had gained in subtlety and integrity whatever they had sacrificed in power and attack. Zawinul would profess himself to be very pleased with the lineup. The music developed on tour was later recorded for the 1983 album Procession, which showed the band beginning to make something of a return to the world music which it had pioneered in the mid-1970s and featured a cameo appearance from The Manhattan Transfer. The consistent, carnivalesque atmosphere of Procession led it to be praised by Down Beat for its unity and joy (John Diliberto, Down Beat, June 1983) and it has come to be seen as one of the best Weather Report albums. Domino Theory and Sportin Life Continuing with the same lineup, Weather Report recorded the Domino Theory album in 1984, with Hakim stepping into Jaco Pastorius old role as Zawinuls co-producer. The album was Weather Reports first album to employ drum machines and samplers (the Emulator), furthering developing the bands involvement with technology, and also featured a guest vocal from Carl Anderson. Critics, however, queried the bands lack of development or musical innovation, and speculated that this might be connected to a lack of creative tension and to Zawinuls now-entirely unchallenged dominance. The band was also beginning to suffer from the revival of more traditionally-styled jazz at the time, which made it harder to market jazz fusion. Percussionist and singer Mino Cinlu replaced Rossy in late 1984 and appeared on the bands video release Live in Japan (reissued on DVD in 2007). The same lineup played on 1985s Sportin' Life album, which included a cover of Marvin Gayes Whats Going On and appearances by Bobby McFerrin and Carl Anderson. In keeping with Zawinul's technological curiosity the album heralded the arrival of MIDI, which entirely suited Zawinuls compositional and recording methods by allowing him to rapidly and inexpensively write, demo and record music via a set of synthesizers. Critics noted that Shorter seemed more suited to this album than he had to its predecessor, contributing more; and the album was praised for its energetic compositions. By the time of the albums release, Shorter and Zawinul had opted not to tour the material. Instead, they would take a break for long-delayed solo projects. The principals claimed that the band was still together (despite Hakims involvement with Stings band and Baileys with Steps Ahead), but it was also notable that Weather Reports contract with Columbia Records had just expired, leaving both parties open to other options. The finale This is This! Despite Zawinul and Shorters claims, Sportin' Life was in effect the last proper Weather Report record, as both were finding that the refreshing nature of other projects was more satisfying and generally felt that the band had run its course. However, it turned out that Columbia Records was contractually owed one more Weather Report record, resulting in the 1986 creation of This Is This! In comparison to previous records, This Is This! was assembled during gaps in various players schedules (Zawinul has referred to the album having been put together on holiday time). With Omar Hakim now too busy with Sting to play on more than one of the albums tracks, Zawinul recruited Peter Erskine to play the rest. Cinelu and Bailey were both flown in for a few days to record: both also contributed one composition each, with the remainder being written by Zawinul. Significantly, Shorter spent little more time on the project than Bailey or Cinelu, contributed no compositions at all, and was not even present on many of the albums tracks: Zawinul attempted to compensate for this by bringing in guitarist Carlos Santana to contribute. On release the album received a disappointing review from the critics (including several pannings) and bandmembers have subsequently admitted that it was a substandard release.

10

Weather Report Split (and Weather Update) By February 1986, Weather Report was over, a fact confirmed by a story in the San Diego Union-Tribune announcing that Shorter had left the band to concentrate on solo work.[14] Having reluctantly agreed with Shorter that he would no longer use the band name, Zawinul attempted to reform the Sportin' Life lineup (minus Shorter but adding guitarist John Scofield) under the new name Weather Update. In the event, guitarist Steve Khan and former Weather Report percussionist Robert Thomas Jr. replaced Scofield and Cinelu respectively. Weather Update toured to high expectations but unfavourable critical responses, and Zawinul dissolved the band in 1987. (A Weather Update DVD Joe Zawinul: Weather Update - was released in 2005).

11

Releases since the band's breakup

A "post band" Weather Report double CD called Live and Unreleased was made available in 2002, featuring vintage live recordings made during the late 1970s/early 1980s with various personnel. In September 2006 Columbia/Legacy released a Weather Report boxed set, Forecast: Tomorrow. It includes 3 CDs of mostly previously released material (from 1970 to 1985, excluding This is This!) and a DVD of the entire September 29, 1978, performance (with Erskine and Pastorius) in Offenbach, Germany, not previously available. A DVD video of the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival performance (featuring the Heavy Weather lineup of Pastorius, Acuna, and Badrena) has become available as well. Columbia/Legacy have also re-released the 1984 Live in Japan concert on DVD.

Discography
In a career spanning sixteen years from 1970 to 1986, Weather Report released fourteen studio albums, two live albums and five singles. Several other live and compilation albums have been released after the break-up of the band, and many of Weather Report's tracks appear on Various Artists albums.[15] [16] [17] [18] Main albums The following table shows the main albums released by Weather Report. For more detailed information, please see: Weather Report discography.
Year 1971 Weather Report 1972 1st studio album #7 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1971) #191 on The Billboard 200 chart (1971) Jazz Album of the Year at the 36th Down Beat Readers Poll Grand Prix Award, Best Band of the Year, and Best Selling Jazz Album of the Year on the Swing Journal magazine Album

I Sing the Body Electric 2nd studio album #147 on The Billboard 200 chart (1972)

Live in Tokyo 1973 Live album recorded on January 13, 1972 at the Shibuya Kokaido Hall, Tokyo, Japan

Sweetnighter 3rd studio album #2 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1973) #41 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1973) #85 on The Billboard 200 chart (1973) Jazz Group of the Year at the 38th Down Beat Readers Poll

Weather Report

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Mysterious Traveller 4th studio album #2 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1974) #31 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1974) #46 on The Billboard 200 chart (1974) Jazz Album of the Year and Jazz Group of the Year at the 39th Down Beat Readers Poll

1974

1975

Tale Spinnin' 5th studio album #3 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1975) #12 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1975) #31 on The Billboard 200 chart (1975) Jazz Album of the Year and Jazz Group of the Year at the 40th Down Beat Readers Poll

1976

Black Market 6th studio album #2 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1976) #20 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1976) #42 on The Billboard 200 chart (1976) Jazz Album of the Year and Jazz Group of the Year at the 41st Down Beat Readers Poll

1977

Heavy Weather 7th studio album #1 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1977) #30 on The Billboard 200 chart (1977) #33 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1977) Jazz Album of the Year and Jazz Group of the Year at the 42nd Down Beat Readers Poll Record of the Year at the Jazz Forum People's Poll Swing Journal's Silver Disc Award Playboy's Jazz Record and Jazz Band of the Year Record World's Instrumental Group of the Year Cash Box's Record of the Year Grammy Nomination, Best Instrumental Composition, "Birdland" Grammy Nomination, Best Jazz Soloist, Jaco Pastorius, Heavy Weather Grammy Award, Manhattan Transfer version of "Birdland"

1978

Mr. Gone 8th studio album #1 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1978) #52 on The Billboard 200 chart (1978) Jazz Group of the Year at the 43rd Down Beat Readers Poll

1979

8:30 Live album recorded in JanuaryFebruary 1979 during the 8:30 tour except for tracks 10-13, which were recorded in studio #3 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1979) #47 on The Billboard 200 chart (1979) Jazz Group of the Year at the 44th Down Beat Readers Poll [19] Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance of 1979 (awarded in 1980)

1980

Night Passage Live album recorded on 12 and 13 July 1980 at The Complex in Los Angeles, California #2 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1980) #57 on The Billboard 200 chart (1980)

1982

Weather Report 9th studio album #5 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1982) #68 on The Billboard 200 chart (1982)

Weather Report

13
Procession 10th studio album #3 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1983) #46 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart (1983) #96 on The Billboard 200 chart (1983)

1983

1984

Domino Theory 11th studio album #5 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1983) #136 on The Billboard 200 chart (1983)

1985

Sportin' Life 12th studio album #13 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1983) #191 on The Billboard 200 chart (1983)

1986

This Is This! 13th and last studio album #13 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart (1983) #195 on The Billboard 200 chart (1983)

2002

Live and Unreleased Live recordings taken from November 25, 1975 to June 3, 1983 #21 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart (2002)

2006

Forecast: Tomorrow 3-CD + 1-DVD career-spanning box set #18 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart (2006)

References
[1] Nicholson, Stuart, Jazz-Rock: A History, Schirmer Books, 1998 [2] Silvert, Conrad, "Joe Zawinul: Wayfaring Genius - Part II", Down Beat, June 15, 1978 [3] Jung, Fred - " Fireside Chat With Miroslav Vitous (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=619& pg=3|A)" (page 3), All About Jazz (allaboutjazz.com), October 10, 2003 [4] Allmusic Biography (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) [5] Glasser, Brian, In A Silent Way, Sanctuary Publishing Limited, 2001 [6] Woodard, Josef, "Weather Report: Storm Surge," Down Beat, January 2001, pp. 2228. [7] Armbruster, Greg, "Joe Zawinul Interview", Keyboard Magazine, March 1984 [8] Kot, Jake, With Miroslav Vitous (http:/ / www. bass-musician-magazine. com/ General/ bass-musician-magazine-detail. asp?year=2009& month=8& article-id=517801068|Conversation), Bass Player Magazine, August 1, 2009 [9] Prasad, Anil, Vitous: Freeing the muse (http:/ / www. innerviews. org/ inner/ vitous. html|Miroslav), Innerviews webzine, 2004 [10] Weather Report tour programme (http:/ / www. zawinulonline. org/ galleries/ 1977_wr_program|1977) [11] Silvert, Conrad, "Joe Zawinul: Wayfaring Genius--Part II," Down Beat, June 15, 1978 [12] Hunt, Dennis, "Weather Report's Cloudy Image," Los Angeles Times, November 19, 1978 [13] Jackson, Blair, "Fusion Giants Weather Report," BAM #157, June 3, 1983 [14] Varga, George, "Shorter Departs Weather Report," San Diego Union-Tribune, February 28, 1986. [15] Bianchi, Curt (2005). "Weather Report: The Annotated Discography" (http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ index. html). www.binkie.net. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [16] "Weather Report > Discography > Main Albums" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) (XHTML). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [17] "Weather Report" (http:/ / www. discogs. com/ artist/ Weather+ Report) (XHTML). Discogs. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [18] "Albums by Weather Report" (http:/ / rateyourmusic. com/ artist/ weather_report) (XHTML). Rate Your Music. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [19] "Weather Report > Charts & Awards > Grammy Awards" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) (XHTML). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-09-10. "Note: GRAMMY information courtesy of The National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences"

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External links
Weather Report: The Annotated Discography (http://www.binkie.net/wrdisc/index.html) Weather Report: Tourography (http://www.threeviews.com/wr.htm) Weather Report on Progboard (http://www.progboard.com/en/Weather-Report/185): Weather Report albums reviews and ratings Weather Report: Twelve Essential Tracks (http://www.jazz.com/dozens/the-dozens-weather-report) by Jared Pauley ( Jazz.com (http://www.jazz.com)) Weather Report (in French) (http://membres.lycos.fr/synoc/weather.htm) The Essential Jaco: Weather Report (http://www.jacopastorius.com/music/essential/weatherreport.asp) Wayne Shorter's letter written for Joe Zawinul's funeral (http://www.zawinulfans.org/modules/sections/index. php?op=viewarticle&artid=43) Obituary of Joe Zawinul (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/arts/12zawinul.html?ex=1347249600& en=0aec9f91523b5158&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss) Miroslav Vitou interview at Allaboutjazz.com (http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=73853)

15

The members
Joe Zawinul
Joe Zawinul

Joe Zawinul live with "The Zawinul Syndicate" (Freiburg/Germany, 2007) Background information Birth name Born Josef Erich Zawinul July 7, 1932 Vienna, Austria September 11, 2007 (aged75) Vienna, Austria Jazz, jazz fusion, romantic music, art music, world music Keyboardist, composer Keyboards: synthesizer, piano, accordion, EWI 19492007

Died

Genres Occupations Instruments Years active

Associated acts Zawinul Syndicate Weather Report Miles Davis Cannonball Adderley Website www.zawinulmusic.com [1]

Josef Erich Zawinul (July 7, 1932 September 11, 2007)[2] was an Austrian-American jazz keyboardist and composer. First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with trumpeter Miles Davis, and to become one of the creators of jazz fusion, an innovative musical genre that combined jazz with elements of rock and world music. Later, Zawinul co-founded the groups Weather Report and the world fusion music-oriented Zawinul Syndicate. Additionally, he made pioneering use of electric piano and synthesizers. Zawinul was named "Best Electric Keyboardist" 28 times by the readers of Down Beat magazine.[3] Several artists have honored Zawinul with songs, notably Brian Eno's instrumental "Zawinul/Lava", John McLaughlin's instrumental "Jozy", Warren Cuccurullo's "Hey Zawinul", Bob Baldwin's "Joe Zawinul", Chucho Valdes's Zawinul's Mambo, and Birli Lagrne's instrumental "Josef". Zawinul's playing style is often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations both bebop, ethnic and pop sounding combined with sparse but rhythmic playing

Joe Zawinul of big-band sounding chords or bass lines. In Weather Report, he often employed a vocoder as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e. filtered and transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive synthesis of jazz harmonics and "noise" ("using all the sounds the world generates").

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Biography
Early life and career
Zawinul was born and grew up in Landstrae, as a son of the worker Josef Zawinul, in Vienna, Austria, where he went to school with the late former Austrian Federal President Thomas Klestil. His grandmother was a Hungarian Sinti ("Gypsy"), and his grandfather was from southern Moravia. Classically trained at the Konservatorium Wien, Zawinul played in various broadcasting and studio bands before emigrating to the U.S. in 1959 on a music scholarship at Berklee College of Music in Boston. He went on to play with trumpeter Maynard Ferguson, where he first met Wayne Shorter after having had an influence in hiring him. Shorter left soon thereafter to play in Art Blakey's group and Josef was apparently dismissed from the Ferguson band for wanting to have too much control over personnel decisions. Zawinul then toured and recorded with singer Dinah Washington for two years.

With Cannonball Adderley

In 1961, Zawinul joined the Quintet led by saxophonist Cannonball Adderley.[2] During his nine-year stint with Adderley, he wrote the hit song "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy." He also composed "Walk Tall" and "Country Preacher," the latter a tribute to U.S. Civil Rights Movement leader Jesse Jackson, from the 1969 album of the same name.

With Miles Davis

In the late 1960s, Zawinul recorded with Miles Davis's studio band and helped create the sound of jazz fusion. He played on the album In a Silent Way, the title track of which he composed, and the landmark album Bitches Brew, for which he contributed the twenty-minute track, "Pharaoh's Dance", which occupied the whole of side one.[2] Zawinul is known to have played live with Davis only once, on July 10, 1991, in Paris, along with Wayne Shorter, shortly before Davis' death.[2] Zawinul, along with other Davis sidemen Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock, was one of the first to use electric pianos and early synthesizers like the ARP 2600 in 1973's Sweetnighter. He was among the first to use an electric piano, the Wurlitzer. He used the Fender-Rhodes thereafter, adding a wah-wah pedal and later the Mutron effect unit for a complex phased timbre. His creativity and attention to detail resulted in a very contemporary and modern sound. He also has played the kalimba on Weather Report's Mysterious Traveller and Mr. Gone.

With Weather Report

In 1970, Zawinul co-founded Weather Report with saxophonist and Davis alumnus Wayne Shorter. Their first two years emphasized a relatively open, group improvisation format not dissimilar to what Miles Davis was doing in a more rock oriented format. However, Josef started making changes with their third album, Sweetnighter, citing he was "tired of waiting for something to happen". Funk elements such as electric bass, wah-wah pedal, etc. started to be introduced in the band's sound. Music critics generally agree that their 4th album, Mysterious Traveller, was their true breakthrough album, capturing the classic Weather Report "sound" for the first time. The musical forms were now through-composed similar to classical music, and the combination of jazz harmonies with 70's groove elements launched the band into its most successful period.

Joe Zawinul

17 Their biggest commercial success came from his composition "Birdland", a 6-minute opus featured on Weather Report's 1977 album Heavy Weather, which peaked at number 30 on the Billboard pop albums chart. "Birdland" is one of the most recognizable jazz pieces of the 1970s, covered by many prominent artists from The Manhattan Transfer and Quincy Jones to Maynard Ferguson, the Buddy Rich Big Band, and Jefferson Starship. Even Weather Report's version received significant mainstream radio airplay unusual for them and served to convert many new fans to music which they may never have heard otherwise. The song won him three Grammys.

Zawinul with Weather Report in Toronto, 1977 Photo: Jean-Luc Ourlin

Weather Report was active until the mid 80s, with Zawinul and Shorter remaining the sole constant members through multiple personnel shifts. The group was notable for bringing to prominence pioneering fretless bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius, but also other musicians, such as Alphonso Johnson and Peter Erskine. Shorter and Zawinul had already gone separate ways, after the recording of their "final" Sportin' Life, when it was discovered that they had to do one more album in order to fulfill the CBS contract. This Is This! therefore became their final album. Shorter participated despite being busy leading his own group, and Peter Erskine was also brought in again for this record, ending up playing on most compositions.

Later career
Zawinul also wrote a symphony, called Stories of the Danube, which was commissioned by the Brucknerhaus, Linz. It was first performed as part of the Linzer Klangwolke (a large-scale open-air broadcast event), for the opening of the 1993 Bruckner Festival in Linz. In its seven movements, the symphony traces the course of the Danube from Donaueschingen through various countries ending at the Black Sea. It was recorded in 1995 by the Czech State Philharmonic Orchestra, Brno, conducted by Caspar Richter.[2] Zawinul was hospitalized in his native Vienna on August 7, 2007,[4] after concluding a five-week European tour. He died from a rare form of skin cancer (Merkel cell carcinoma) on September 11, 2007.[5] [6] He is buried in the Zentralfriedhof Cemetery in Vienna.

Joe Zawinul

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Discography
As leader
To You with Love (Strand, 1959) Money In The Pocket (Atlantic, 1966) The Rise and Fall of the Third Stream (Vortex, 1968) Zawinul (Atlantic, 1971) Dialects (Columbia, 1986) The Immigrants (Columbia, 1988) Black Water (Columbia, 1989) Lost Tribes (Columbia, 1992) My People (ESC-Records, 1996) Stories of the Danube (Polygram, 1996) World Tour (ESC, 1997) Mauthausen - Vom groen Sterben hren (ESC-Records, 2000) [3]
The Zawinul Syndicate, live in Freiburg, 2007

Faces & Places (ESC-Records, 2002) Joe Zawinul & The Zawinul Syndicate Vienna Nights Live at Joe Zawinul's Birdland (BirdJAM 2005) Brown Street (2006) Music for Two Pianos with Friedrich Gulda: Brahms' Variations on a Theme by HaydnWDR Big Band Kln (Capriccio, 2006) 75 (BirdJAM, 2008)

With:
Ben Webster Soulmates (Riverside, 1963)

As sideman
With Dinah Washington What a Diff'rence a Day Makes! (Mercury, 1960) Dinah Washington & Brook Benton Two of Us (Mercury, 1960) With Cannonball Adderley Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley (Capitol, 1961) The Cannonball Adderley Sextet in New York (Riverside, 1962) Cannonball in Europe! (Riverside, 1962) Jazz Workshop Revisited (Riverside, 1963) Autumn Leaves (Riverside [Japan], 1963) Nippon Soul (Riverside, 1963) Cannonball Adderley Live! (Capitol, 1964) Live Session! (Capitol, 1964) Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof (Capitol, 1964)

Domination (Capitol, 1965) Money in the Pocket (Capitol, 1966) Great Love Themes (Capitol, 1966)

Joe Zawinul Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club' (Capitol, 1966) Cannonball in Japan (Capitol, 1966) Radio Nights (Night, 1967-8) 74 Miles Away (Capitol, 1967) Why Am I Treated So Bad! (Capitol, 1967) Accent on Africa (Capitol, 1968) Country Preacher (Capitol, 1969) In Person (Capitol, 1970) The Cannonball Adderley Quintet & Orchestra (Capitol, 1970) The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (Capitol, 1970)

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With Nat Adderley Naturally! (Jazzland, 1961) Autobiography (Atlantic, 1964) Live at Memory Lane (Atlantic, 1966) The Scavenger (Milestone, 1968) You, Baby (CTI, 1968) Calling Out Loud (CTI, 1968)

With Miles Davis In a Silent Way (Columbia, 1969) Big Fun (Columbia, 1969) Bitches Brew (Columbia, 1970) Live-Evil (Columbia, 1971) Circle in the Round (Columbia, 1979)

With Weather Report Weather Report (Columbia, 1971) I Sing the Body Electric (Columbia, 1972) Live in Tokyo (Columbia, 1972) Sweetnighter (Columbia, 1973) Mysterious Traveller (1974) Tale Spinnin' (1975) Black Market (1976) Heavy Weather (1977) Mr. Gone (1978) 8:30 (1979) Night Passage (1980) Weather Report (1982) Procession (1983) Domino Theory (1984) Sportin' Life (1985) This Is This! (1986) Live and Unreleased (2002) Forecast: Tomorrow (2006)

As contributor Amen by Salif Keita (Mango, 1991) Crazy Saints by Trilok Gurtu (1993)

Joe Zawinul

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References
[1] [2] [3] [4] http:/ / www. zawinulmusic. com/ allmusic Biography (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p53219/ biography) Joe Zawinul Biography (http:/ / www. zawinulmusic. com/ biography) Zawinul Online Blog Archive Joe Zawinul Hospitalized in Vienna (http:/ / www. zawinulonline. org/ 2007/ 08/ 07/ joe-zawinul-hospitalized-in-vienna/ ) [5] McDonald, Ray (12 September 2007). "Keyboardist Joe Zawinul Dies" (http:/ / voanews. com/ english/ archive/ 2007-09/ 2007-09-12-voa18. cfm). VOA News (Voice of America). . Retrieved 2 January 2009. [6] Schudel, Matt (September 12, 2007). "Joe Zawinul, 75; Keyboardist Was a Pioneer of Jazz Fusion" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2007/ 09/ 11/ AR2007091102289. html). The Washington Post. . Retrieved May 6, 2010.

Biographies
Glasser, Brian (2001). In a Silent Way: A Portrait of Joe Zawinul. London: Sanctuary. ISBN1860743269. OCLC45900631. Baumann, Gunther (2002) (in German). Zawinul: Ein Leben aus Jazz [Zawinul: A Life of Jazz]. Salzburg; Wien: Frankfurt am Main; Residenz. ISBN3701712913. OCLC469270497. Yamashita, Kunihiko (2006). Joe Zawinul: On the Creative Process. Tokyo: Rittor Music. ISBN4845613379. OCLC169983180.

External links
Official website (http://www.joe-zawinul.at) Zawinul Online (http://www.zawinulonline.org) Italian fans website (http://www.zawinulfans.org) Obituary from The Times (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2434266.ece) Profile (http://www.unknownpublic.com/writing/zawinul2.html) of Joe Zawinul by Guardian writer and Unknown Public editor John L. Walters Rolling Stone's Joe Zawinul Page (http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/joezawinul) BBC's Profile of Joe Zawinul (http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/jazz/profiles/joe_zawinul.shtml) Joe Zawinul website (http://www.zawinulsite.com) Jazz Police's review of "Brown Street", Joe Zawinul's latest release (http://www.jazzpolice.com/content/view/ 6684/2/) Joe Zawinul backstage at his club "Birdland" in Vienna, Austria, by Johann Marcus Streitner (http://www. shylingo.com/Current/People/Zawinul/) See Zawinul Story for what happened during the Malibu Fire with the Weather Report Concert Recordings Tapes (http://www.icwiring.com/history.html) Joe Zawinul Died at age 75 (http://www.neorunner.com/archive/2007/09/11/ Jazz_Great_Joe_Zawinul_Dead_at_75.php) Public Tribute and Obituary (http://www.lastingtribute.co.uk/famousperson/zawinul/2637339) In-Depth Interview with Anil Prasad of Innerviews (http://www.innerviews.org/inner/zawinul.html) Allmusic profile (http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p53219/biography)

Wayne Shorter

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Wayne Shorter
Wayne Shorter

Convocation Hall, Toronto, Nov. 27, 1977. Photo courtesy of Jean-Luc Ourlin Background information Born August 25, 1933 Newark, New Jersey, United States Modal jazz, crossover jazz, post-bop, hard bop, jazz fusion Musician, composer Saxophone 1959present Blue Note, Columbia, Verve Art Blakey, Miles Davis, Weather Report

Genres Occupations Instruments Years active Labels Associated acts

Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer, commonly regarded as one of the most important American jazz musicians of his generation. He is generally acknowledged to be jazz's greatest living composer.[1] Shorter's output within the field has earned worldwide recognition, critical praise and various commendations, including multiple Grammy Awards.[2] The virtuoso has recorded over 20 albums as a leader, and appeared on dozens more with others including Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers in the late 1950s, Miles Davis's second great quintet in the 1960s and the jazz fusion band Weather Report, which Shorter co-led in the 1970s. Many of his compositions have become standards.

Biography
Early life and career
Shorter was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended Newark Arts High School.[3] He loved music, being encouraged by his father to take up the saxophone as a teenager (his brother Alan became a trumpeter). After graduating from New York University in 1956, Shorter spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he played briefly with Horace Silver. After his discharge from the army, he played with Maynard Ferguson. It was in his youth that Shorter was given the nickname Mr. Gone, which would later become an album title for Weather Report.[4] In 1959, Shorter joined Art Blakey. He stayed with Blakey for five years, and eventually became musical director for the group.

Wayne Shorter

22

With Miles Davis (1964-1970)

When John Coltrane finally left Miles Davis' band in 1960 to pursue his own group (after previously trying to leave in 1959), Coltrane proposed Wayne Shorter as a replacement but Shorter was unavailable and Davis went with Sonny Stitt on tenor followed by a revolving door of Hank Mobley, George Coleman, and Sam Rivers. In 1964, Miles Davis persuaded Shorter to leave Blakey and join his quintet alongside Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Tony Williams. Miles' so-called "second great quintet" (to distinguish it from the quintet with Coltrane) that included Hancock and Shorter has frequently been cited by musicians and critics as one of the most influential groups in the history of jazz, and Shorter's compositions are a primary reason for the group's unique sound. Shorter composed extensively for Miles Davis (e.g. "Prince of Darkness", "E.S.P.", "Footprints", "Sanctuary", "Nefertiti", and many others); on some albums, he provided half of the compositions, typically hard-bop workouts with spaced-out long melody lines above the beat. Herbie Hancock said of Shorter's tenure in the group, "The master writer to me, in that group, was Wayne Shorter. He still is a master. Wayne was one of the few people who brought music to Miles that didn't get changed." Davis said, "Wayne is a real composer. He writes scores, write the parts for everybody just as he wants them to sound... Wayne also brought in a kind of curiosity about working with musical rules. If they didn't work, then he broke them, but with musical sense; he understood that freedom in music was the ability to know the rules in order to bend them to your own satisfaction and taste."[5] Shorter remained in Davis's band after the breakup of the quintet in 1968, playing on early jazz fusion recordings including In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew (both 1969). His last live dates and studio recordings with Davis were in 1970. Until 1968, he played tenor saxophone exclusively. The final album on which he played tenor in the regular sequence of Davis albums was Filles de Kilimanjaro. In 1969, he played the soprano saxophone on the Davis album In a Silent Way and on his own Super Nova (recorded with then-current Davis sidemen Chick Corea and John McLaughlin). When performing live with Miles Davis, recordings from summer 1969 to early spring 1970 he played both soprano and tenor saxophones. By the early 1970s, however, he chiefly played soprano saxophone. Solo Blue Note recordings Simultaneous with his time in the Miles Davis quintet, Shorter recorded several albums for Blue Note Records, featuring almost exclusively his own compositions, with a variety of line-ups, quartets and larger groups including Blue Note favourites such as Freddie Hubbard. His first Blue Note album (of nine in total) was Night Dreamer recorded at Rudy Van Gelder's studio in 1964 with Lee Morgan, McCoy Tyner, Reggie Workman and Elvin Jones. JuJu and Speak No Evil are well known recordings from this era. Shorter's compositions on these albums are notable for their use of: pentatonic melodies harmonised with pedal points and complex harmonic relationships; structured solos that reflect the composition's melody as much as its harmony; long rests as an integral part of the music, in contrast with other, more effusive, players of the time such as John Coltrane. The later album The All Seeing Eye was a free-jazz workout with a larger group, while Adams Apple of 1966 was back to carefully constructed melodies by Shorter leading a quartet. Then a sextet again in the following year for Schizophrenia with his Miles Davis band mates Hancock and Carter plus trombonist Curtis Fuller, alto saxophonist/flautist James Spaulding and strong rhythms by drummer Joe Chambers. These albums have recently been remastered by Rudy Van Gelder. Shorter also recorded occasionally as a sideman (again, mainly for Blue Note) with Donald Byrd, McCoy Tyner, Grachan Moncur III, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, and bandmates Hancock and Williams.

Wayne Shorter

23

Weather Report (1971-1985)

Following the release of Odyssey of Iska in 1970, Shorter formed the fusion group Weather Report with Miles Davis veteran keyboardist Joe Zawinul. The other original members were bassist Miroslav Vitous, percussionist Airto Moreira, and drummer Alphonse Mouzon. After Vitous' departure in 1973, Shorter and Zawinul co-led the group until the band's break-up in late 1985. A variety of excellent musicians that would make up Weather Report alumni over the years (most notably the revolutionary bassist Jaco Pastorius) helped the band produce many high quality recordings in diverse styles through the years, with funk, bebop, Latin jazz, ethnic music, and futurism being the most prevalent denominators. Solo Shorter also recorded critically acclaimed albums as a bandleader, notably Native Dancer, which featured his Miles Davis band-mate Herbie Hancock and Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton Nascimento. Shorter was to work with both of these musicians again later. On the title track of Steely Dan's 1977 album Aja, he played a solo that moved the critic writing the album's liner notes to the point that he called it "suitable for framing" (meaning 'beautiful' rather than 'wooden').
Shorter with Weather Report in Amsterdam, in 1980

Concurrently, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, he toured in the V.S.O.P. quintet. This group was a revival of the 1960s Miles Davis quintet, except that Freddie Hubbard filled the trumpet chair instead of Miles. Shorter appeared with the same former Davis bandmates on the Carlos Santana double LP The Swing of Delight, for which he also composed a number of pieces. From 1977 through 2002, he appeared on ten Joni Mitchell studio albums, gaining him a wider audience.

Recent career
After leaving Weather Report, Shorter continued to record and lead groups in jazz fusion styles, including touring in 1988 with guitarist Carlos Santana, who appeared on the last Weather Report disc This is This! In 1989, he contributed to a hit on the rock charts, playing the sax solo on Don Henley's song "The End of the Innocence" and also produced the album "Pilar" by the Portuguese singer-songwriter Pilar Homem de Melo. He has also maintained an occasional working relationship with Herbie Shorter performing. Photo by Tom Beetz. Hancock, including a tribute album recorded shortly after Davis's death with Hancock, Carter, Williams and Wallace Roney. He continued to appear on Joni Mitchell's records in the 1990s. Shorter's distinctive sound is also apparent in the soundtrack for the Harrison Ford film The Fugitive released in 1993.

Wayne Shorter In 1995, Shorter released the album High Life, his first solo recording for seven years. It was also Shorter's debut as a leader for Verve Records. Shorter composed all the compositions on the album and co-produced it with the bassist Marcus Miller. High Life received the Grammy Award for best Contemporary Jazz Album in 1997. Shorter would work with Hancock once again in 1997, on the much acclaimed and heralded album 1+1. The song "Aung San Suu Kyi" (named for the Burmese pro-democracy activist) won both Hancock and Shorter a Grammy Award. In 2009, he was announced as one of the headline acts at the Gnaoua World Music Festival in Essaouira, Morocco. Quartet Shorter formed his current band in 2000, the first permanent acoustic group under his leadership, a quartet with young musicians, pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, and drummer Brian Blade, playing his own complex compositions, many of them reworkings of tunes from his substantial portfolio going back to the 1960s. Two albums of live recordings featuring this quartet have been released, Footprints Live! (2002) and Beyond the Sound Barrier (2005). The quartet has received great acclaim from fans and critics, especially for the strength of Shorter's tenor saxophone The Wayne Shorter Quartet at the Teatro degli Arcimboldi, Milan, 2010 playing. The Shorter biography Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter by journalist Michelle Mercer contains an insight into the working life of these musicians as well as insight into Shorter's life, thoughts and Buddhist beliefs.[6] Beyond the Sound Barrier received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album. Shorter's 2003 album Alegra (his first studio album for ten years, since High Life) received the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Album; it features the quartet with a host of other musicians, including pianist Brad Mehldau, drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and former Weather Report percussionist Alex Acua. Shorter's compositions, some new, some reworked from his Miles Davis period, feature the complex Latin rhythms that Shorter specialised in during his Weather Report days.

24

Personal life
Shorter married Teruka (Irene) Nakagami, in the 1960s; they met in 1961 and later had a child, Miyako.[7] Some of his compositions are copyrighted as "Miyako Music". Shorter dedicated some pieces to his daughter: "Miyako" and "Infant Eyes". The couple separated in 1964.[8] Shorter met Ana Maria in 1964 and they were married in 1970.[8] In 1986, their daughter Iska died of a grand mal seizure at age 14.[9] Ana Maria and the couple's niece Dalila were both killed in 1996 on TWA Flight 800 while en route to see him in Italy.[8] Shorter married Carolina Dos Santos, a close friend of Ana Maria, in 1999. He is a Nichiren Buddhist and a member of Ska Gakkai.[8]

Wayne Shorter

25

Discography
Title Introducing Wayne Shorter Second Genesis Wayning Moments Night Dreamer JuJu Speak No Evil The Soothsayer Et Cetera The All Seeing Eye Adam's Apple Schizophrenia Super Nova Moto Grosso Feio Odyssey of Iska Native Dancer with Milton Nascimento Atlantis Phantom Navigator Joy Ryder Carlos Santana and Wayne Shorter - Live at the Montreux Jazz Festival 1988 with Carlos Santana High Life 1 + 1 with Herbie Hancock Footprints Live! Alegra Beyond the Sound Barrier Year 1959 1960 1962 1964 1964 1965 1965 1965 1965 1966 1967 1969 1970 1970 1974 1985 1986 1988 1988 1995 1997 2002 2003 2005 Label Vee-Jay Vee-Jay Vee-Jay Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Blue Note Columbia Columbia Columbia Columbia Image Entertainment Verve Verve Verve Verve Verve

Awards
Down Beat Poll Winner New Star Saxophonist (1962) Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance for Weather Report's 8:30 (1979) Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for Dexter Gordon's Call Sheet Blues (1987) Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group for A Tribute to Miles (1994) Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album for High Life (1996) Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for Aung San Suu Kyi (1997) NEA Jazz Masters (1998) Honorary Doctorate of Music (1999; Berklee College of Music) Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for In Walked Wayne (1999) Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for Sacajawea (2003) Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group for Alegra (2003)

Wayne Shorter Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group for Beyond The Sound Barrier (2005) Jazz Journalists Association Jazz Award Small Ensemble Group of the Year to Wayne Shorter Quartet (2006)

26

References
[1] Ratliff, Ben. The New York Times. http:/ / topics. nytimes. com/ topics/ reference/ timestopics/ people/ s/ wayne_shorter/ index. html. [2] The New York Times: "Times Topics" listing (http:/ / topics. nytimes. com/ topics/ reference/ timestopics/ people/ s/ wayne_shorter/ index. html) [3] A Brief History (http:/ / www. nps. k12. nj. us/ arts/ a_brief_history. htm), Newark Arts High School. Accessed August 10, 2008. [4] The Big Takeover: Weather Report - Forecast: Tomorrow (Columbia Legacy) : (http:/ / www. bigtakeover. com/ recordings/ weather-report-forecast-tomorrow-columbia-legacy) [5] Davis, Miles; Troupe, Quincy (1990). Miles: The Autobiography. Simon and Schuster. p.274. ISBN0671725823. [6] "Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=15937). allaboutjazz.com. . Retrieved 2010-11-19. [7] http:/ / 100greatestjazzalbums. blogspot. com/ 2006/ 07/ speak-no-evil-wayne-shorter-blue-note. html [8] "A Separate Peacee" (http:/ / www. people. com/ people/ archive/ article/ 0,,20122768,00. html). People. . Retrieved 2010-02-21. [9] Ratliff, Ben. The New York Times. http:/ / topics. nytimes. com/ topics/ reference/ timestopics/ people/ s/ wayne_shorter/ index. html.

External links
Essay on Wayne Shorter (http://web.archive.org/web/20080225123458/http://www.orbismusic.com/ old_site/wayne+shorter/shorterpaper.html) (Internet archive copy from February 2008) "An Interview with Wayne Shorter" (http://www.jazz.com/features-and-interviews/2008/3/21/ in-conversation-with-wayne-shorter) by Bob Blumenthal, ( Jazz.com (http://www.jazz.com)). The Complete Wayne Shorter (http://home.ica.net/~blooms/wshome.html) Wayne Shorter's letter read during Joe Zawinul's funeral (http://www.zawinulfans.org/modules/sections/ index.php?op=viewarticle&artid=43) Wayne Shorter discography (http://www.jazzdisco.org/wayne-shorter/discography/) Wayne Shorter Quartet with NEC Philharmonia, Boston (http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article. php?id=34718) on AllAboutJazz.com

Miroslav Vitou

27

Miroslav Vitou
Miroslav Vitou
Birth name Born Miroslav Ladislav Vitou December 6, 1947 Prague, Czechoslovakia Musician, songwriter Double bass, electric bass Freedom Records

Occupations Instruments Labels

Associated acts Weather Report, Miroslav Philharmonik Review Website miroslavvitous.com [1]

Miroslav Ladislav Vitou (6 December 1947), is a Czech jazz bassist.

Biography
Born in Prague, he began the violin at age six,[2] and started playing the piano at age ten, and bass at fourteen. As a young man in Europe, Vitou was a competitive swimmer. One of his early music groups was the Junior Trio with his brother Alan on drums and fellow Czech luminary-to-be Jan Hammer on keyboards. He studied music at the Prague Conservatory (under Frantiek Pota),[3] subsequently winning an international music contest in Vienna, earning him a scholarship to the Berklee College of Music in Boston, USA.[2] Vitou's virtuoso jazz bass playing has led critics to place him in the same league as Scott LaFaro, Dave Holland, Niels-Henning rsted Pedersen and Christian McBride. A representative example of Vitou's double bass playing is Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (1968), with Chick Corea on piano and Roy Haynes on drums. This album shows his strong rhythmic sense, innovative walking lines, and intensity and abandon as an improviser. His first album as a leader, Infinite Search,[2] re-released with minor changes as Mountain in the Clouds featured several key figures from the then-budding jazz fusion movement: John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, Jack DeJohnette, and (slightly) elder statesman Joe Henderson. A founding member of the group Weather Report,[2] he has worked with Jan Hammer, Freddie Hubbard, Miles Davis, Chick Corea, Wayne Shorter, Joe Zawinul, and Jan Garbarek. Vitou has since discussed his contentious departure from Weather Report with journalists, specifically regarding his relationship with Zawinul. Alphonso Johnson, who replaced Vitou, was himself replaced by the highly innovative and influential bassist Jaco Pastorius. In 1984 he collaborated with Stanley Clarke.[4] In 1988 Vitou moved back to Europe to focus on composing, but nonetheless continued to perform in festivals.

Miroslav Vitou

28

Discography
As leader
1969: Infinite Search (Mountain In The Clouds) (Embryo Records) 1970: Purple 1976: Magical Shepherd 1976: Majesty Music 1977: Miroslav (Freedom) 1978: Guardian Angels 1979: First Meeting (ECM) 1980: Miroslav Vitous group (ECM) 1982: Journey's End (ECM) 1985: Emergence (ECM) 1991: Star (ECM) 1992: Atmos (ECM) 1992: Big hand for Hanshin 2003: Universal Syncopations (ECM)

2007: Universal Syncopations 2 (ECM) 2009: Remembering Weather Report (ECM)

As sideman
With Chick Corea Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (1968) With Sadao Watanabe Round Trip (1974)

References
[1] http:/ / www. miroslavvitous. com/ [2] Jung, Fred (2003-10-10). "A Fireside Chat With Miroslav Vitous" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=619). All About Jazz. . Retrieved 2010-06-20. [3] Olsen, Paul (2008-01-07). "Miroslav Vitous: It Comes Down to Taste" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=27881). All About Jazz. . Retrieved 2010-06-20. [4] 1984 Sydney Town Hall, producer Ian Davis (ABC radio)

External links
Official homepage (http://www.miroslavvitous.com/) Miroslav Vitou MySpace site (http://www.myspace.com/miroslavvitous) Miroslav Vitou interview at Allaboutjazz.com (http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=73853) Conversation With Miroslav Vitous, 8/01/2009 (http://www.bass-musician-magazine.com/General/ bass-musician-magazine-detail.asp?year=2009&month=8&article-id=517801068) "Agitation", with Stanley Clarke (http://www.penceland.com/cgi-bin/play_flv.pl?filename=Miroslav_Vitous and Stanley_Clarke - Agitation.flv&width=500&height=375&title=Miroslav Vitous and Stanley Clarke Agitation)

Airto Moreira

29

Airto Moreira
Airto Moreira

Airto Moreira Background information Born August 5, 1941 Itaipolis, Brazil Jazz Bandleader, composer, sideman Percussion 1967present

Genres Occupations Instruments Years active

Associated acts Flora Purim

Airto Moreira (born August 5, 1941)[1] is a Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist. Airto is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer.[1] He currently resides in Los Angeles.

Biography
Airto Moreira was born in Itaipolis, Brazil, into a family of folk healers, and raised in Curitiba and So Paulo. Showing an extraordinary talent for music at a young age, he became a professional musician at age 13, noticed first as a member of the samba jazz pioneers Sambalano Trio and for his landmark recording was Quarteto Novo with Hermeto Pascoal in 1967.[1] Shortly after, he followed his wife Flora Purim to the United States. After moving to the USA, Airto began playing regularly with jazz musicians in New York, including the bassist Walter Booker. Through Booker, Airto began playing with Joe Zawinul, who in turn introduced him to Miles Davis. At this time Miles was experimenting with electronic instruments and rock and funk rhythms, a form which would soon come to be called Jazz fusion. Airto was to participate in several of the most important projects of this emerging musical form. Airto stayed with Miles for about two years, touring and participating in the creation of the seminal fusion recording Bitches Brew.[2] Shortly after leaving Miles, Airto joined other Miles alumni Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter and Miroslav Vitous in their group Weather Report, playing percussion on their first album, Weather Report. He left Weather Report (replaced by Dom Um Romo and Muruga Booker for their Sweetnighter album) to join fellow Miles alumnus Chick Corea's new band Return to Forever. He played drums on Return to Forever's first two albums, their Return to Forever and Light as a Feather. These albums are regarded today as classics of the fusion genre. Airto was a contributor to many of Grateful Dead percussionist Mickey Hart's world music / percussion albums in Rykodisc's The World collection, including The Apocalypse Now Sessions, Dafos, Supralingua, and Planet Drum which won a World Music Grammy in 1991.[1] He can be heard playing congas on Eumir Deodato's 1970s space-funk berhit Also sprach Zarathustra on the Prelude album. Airto has played with many of the greatest names in Jazz including Cannonball Adderley, Lee Morgan, Paul Desmond, Wayne Shorter, Dave Holland, Jack DeJohnette, John McLaughlin, Keith Jarrett, Al Di Meola, Zakir

Airto Moreira Hussain, George Duke and Mickey Hart.[1] He also has played with the Latin/fusion rock band Santana and with symphonic orchestras and as a solo percussionist, and during live performances often includes a samba solo, where he emulates the sound of an entire band using just a single pandeiro. In addition to jazz concerts and recordings, he has composed and contributed music to film and television (including scores for Apocalypse Now and Last Tango in Paris), played at the re-opening of the Library of Alexandria, Egypt [3] (along with fellow professor of ethnomusicology Halim El-Dabh[4] ), and taught at UCLA and the California Brazil Camp. In 1996, Airto and his wife Flora Purim collaborated with P.M. Dawn on the song "Non-Fiction Burning" for the AIDS-Benefit Album Red Hot + Rio produced by the Red Hot Organization.

30

Awards
Airto was voted the number one percussionist in Down Beat Magazine's Critics Poll for the years 1975 through 1982 and most recently in 1993.[5] In September 2002, Brazils President Fernando Henrique Cardoso named Airto Moreira and Flora Purim to the Order of Rio Branco, one of Brazil's highest honors.

Discography
As leader
1970: Natural Feelings - One Way Records - Flora Purim, Hermeto Pascoal, Ron Carter and Sivuca. 1971: Seeds on the Ground One Way - Purim, Pasocal, Carter, Sivuca, Dom Um Romo, and Severino de Oliveira. 1972: Fingers (CTI Records)- Purim, David Amaro, Hugo Fattoruso, Jorge Fattoruso and Ringo Thielmann 1972: Free (CTI Records) - featuring Purim, Chick Corea, Keith Jarrett, Stanley Clarke 1974: Virgin Land (CTI Records) Purim, Amaro, Clarke, Alex Blake, Eddie Daniels, Gabriel DeLorme, George Duke, George Marge, Jane Taylor, Kenny Ascher, and Milcho Leviev 1975: Identity - Purim, Amaro, Egberto Gismonti, Herbie Hancock, John Heard, John Williams, Luis Johnson, Ral de Souza, Roberto, Ted Lo and Wayne Shorter 1976: Promises of the Sun Arista - Purim, de Souza, Hugo Fattoruso, Milton Nascimento, Novelli, and Toninho Horta. 1977: I'm Fine, How Are You? Warner Music Japan - featuring Fattoruso, de Souza, Ruben Rada 1979: Touching You Touching Me Warner Music Japan - Purim, Fatturoso, Al Ciner, Alphonso Johnson, Bayette, George Duke, George Sopuch, Herb Alpert, Joe Farrell, Jose Bertrami, Laudir de Oliveira, Manolo Badrena, Marcos Valle, Michael Boddicker, Nivaldo Ornellas, Peter Bunetta, Richard Feldman and The Sweet Inspirations. 1984" Misa Espiritual:Airto's Brazilian Mass Harmonia Mundi - Gil Evans, WDR Big Band, WDR Strings, Marcos Silva 1985: Three-way Mirror w Purim and Joe Farrell (his last recording) 1986: Latino: Aqui Se Puede Montuno - Purim, Alphonso Johnson, Cachete Maldonado, Donaldo Alias, Frank Colon, Geni da Silva, Giovanni Hidalgo, Jeff Elliot, Farrell, Jorge Dalto, Kei Akagi, Keith Jones, Larry Nass, Laudir de Oliveira, Neves, Rafael Jose, de Souza, Tite Curet Alonso and Tony Moreno. 1988: Samba De Flora Montuno - Purim, Johnson, Angel Maldonado, Bruce Bigenho, David Tolegian, Dom Camardella, Alias, Colon, Hidalgo, Eliot, Jill Avery, Farrell, Dalto, Akagi, Jones, Nass, de Oliveira, Luiz Munoz, Michael Shapiro, Jose, Randy Tico, de Souza, Roland Bautista, Rolando Gingras and Moreno 1989: Struck by Lightning Venture Records - Purim, Bob Harrison, Chick Corea, Gary Meek, Herbie Hancock, Jose Neto, Junior Homrich, Marcos Silva, Mark Egan, Mike Shapiro, Randy Tico and Stanley Clarke

Airto Moreira 1989: Killer Bees B&W - Purim, Corea, Meek, Hancock, Hiram Bullock, Egan and Clarke 1992: The Other Side of This Rykodisc - for Mickey Hart's The World series 1993: Revenge of the Killer Bees (remix of Killer Bees) Electric Melt 1999: Homeless Melt 2000 1999: Code: Brasil Target: Recife Melt 2000 2003: Life After That with daughter Diana, wife Flora plus Oscar Castro Neves and others.

31

As sideman
With Duke Pearson How Insensitive (1969) With Edu Lobo Cantiga de Longe (1971) With Return to Forever Return to Forever (1972) Light as a Feather (1972) With Weather Report Weather Report (1971) With Stan Getz Captain Marvel (1972) With Eumir Deodato Prelude (1972) With Flora Purim Butterfly Dreams (1973) With Santana Borboletta (1974) With Opa Goldenwings (1976) With Al Di Meola Soaring Through a Dream (1985) With Fourth World Fourth World Recorded live at Ronnie Scott's (1992) Fourth World (1994) Fourth World [live] (1995) Encounters of the Fourth World (1995) Last Journey (1999)

With Mickey Hart The Apocalypse Now Sessions: The Rhythm Devils Play River Music - Rhythm Devils (1980) Dafos (1983) At the Edge (1990) Planet Drum (1991)

Mickey Hart's Mystery Box (1996) Supralingua - (1998)

Airto Moreira With Hermeto Pascoal Slaves Mass (1976) With Andreas Georgiou Asate (2003) With Stephen Kent Stephen Kent Live at Starwood (2005) With Belinda Underwood Underwood Uncurling (2005) With Jacob Anderskov Ears to the Ground (2008) With Dizzy Gillespie Rhythmstick (1990)

32

Filmography
2006: Airto & Flora Purim: The Latin Jazz All-Stars[6]

References
[1] [2] [3] [4] allmusic Biography (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p36965/ biography) M.E.L.T. 2000 artist's bio (http:/ / www. melt2000. com/ page. html?chapter=0& id=6) Europe Jazz Network Bio (http:/ / www. ejn. it/ mus/ moreira. htm) Seachrist, Denise A. (2003). The Musical World of Halim El-Dabh. Kent, Ohio, United States: Kent State University Press 296 pp ISBN 0-87338-752-x [5] Downbeat Magazine: check the years mentioned (http:/ / www. downbeat. com/ artists/ artist_main. asp?sect=archives& aid=712& aname=Down+ Beat+ Critics+ Poll) [6] VIEW Listing (http:/ / www. view. com/ airto_and_flora_purim_the_latin_jazz_all-stars_dvd. aspx)

External links
Airto's Official Website (http://www.airto.com) Europe Jazz Network Bio (http://www.ejn.it/mus/moreira.htm) Airto's interview (http://www.clubbity.com/charts_fea_roots.asp?ID=502&tipo=interviews) Airto Moreira interview at Allaboutjazz.com (http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=52491)

Alphonse Mouzon

33

Alphonse Mouzon
Alphonse Mouzon

Alphonse Mouzon Background information Born November 21, 1948 Charleston, South Carolina Musician, Songwriter drums, percussion

Occupations Instruments

Associated acts Weather Report, Eleventh House, Miles Davis, McCoy Tyner, many others

Alphonse Mouzon (born November 21, 1948) is a well-known jazz-fusion drummer and percussionist, and the Chairman/CEO of Tenacious Records. He also composes, arranges and produces, as well as acts. Alphonse Mouzon's popularity as a performing artist first became realized in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[1]

Biography
Early life
Mouzon, of African-American, French and Blackfoot Indian descent, was born on November 21, 1948 in Charleston, South Carolina. He received his first musical training at Bonds-Wilson High School and moved to New York City upon graduation. He studied drama and music at the City College of New York as well as medicine at Manhattan Medical School. He continued receiving drum lessons from Bobby Thomas, the drummer for jazz pianist Billy Taylor. He played percussion in the Broadway show "Promises, Promises", he then worked with pianist McCoy Tyner, then he was a member of Weather Report with Joe Zawinul on keyboard and Wayne Shorter on saxophone. After that Mouzon signed as a solo artist to the Blue Note label in 1972.

Alphonse Mouzon

34

Career
Perhaps Mouzon's main claim to fame was his tenure with guitarist Larry Coryell's Eleventh House fusion band from 1973 to 1975. His explosive power, style and speed helped propel this exceptional band to notoriety. Albums from this period include Introducing the Eleventh House, Level One, Mind Transplant (a solo album), and in 1977, a reconciliation recording with Coryell entitled Back Together Again. He recorded four albums of an R & B / dance style, including The Essence Of Mystery (Blue Note 1972), Funky Snakefoot (Blue Note 1973) and The Man Incognito (Blue Note 1976), including 'Take Your Troubles Away' and in the 1980s By All Means featured Herbie Hancock, Lee Ritenour, Seawind Horns and Freddie Hubbard. Alphonse Mouzon has also played and/or recorded with most of the active musicians of the jazz-fusion genre throughout his career. In 1991, he performed with Miles Davis on the movie soundtrack album entitled "Dingo". Mouzon composed the song "The Blue Spot" for the jazz club scene and appeared as an actor and drummer in the Tom Hanks-directed film, That Thing You Do in 1996. Alphonse Mouzon played the lead role as "Miles" in the film The High Life. He also can be seen with Michael Keaton and Katie Holmes in the film First Daughter, and as 'Ray" in the movie The Dukes, along with Robert Davi, Chazz Palminteri and Peter Bogdanovich. Mouzon has also played with Stevie Wonder, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Carlos Santana, Patrick Moraz, Tommy Bolin, Betty Davis and Chubby Checker. Robert Plant, lead singer of Led Zeppelin, during his acceptance speech for induction into the 1995 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, named Alphonse Mouzon one of the band's major influences. In 1992, Alphonse Mouzon formed Tenacious Records and, also in 1992, released his Top ten CD entitled The Survivor. Subsequent releases on Tenacious Records On Top of the World, Early Spring, By All Means, Love Fantasy, Back to Jazz, As You Wish, The Night is Still Young, The Sky is the Limit, Distant Lover, Morning Sun, and Absolute Greatest Love Songs and Ballads were all at least top twenty albums. Live In Hollywood is the latest album. Mouzon also played on a recording with Albert Mangelsdorff (Trombone), and Jaco Pastorius (Bass), named Trilogue. Originally recorded in 1976 and re-released in 2005, this performance was from November 6, 1976 at the Berlin Jazz Days. He currently resides in Northridge, California with his daughter Emma Alexandra and their Shih Tzu named Princess.

Discography
As leader
The Essence of Mystery (Blue Note, 1972) Funky Snakefoot (Blue Note, 1973) Mind Transplant (Blue Note, 1974) The Man Incognito (Blue Note, 1975) Virtue, 1976 Back Together Again, 1977 In Search of a Dream, 1978 Baby Come Back, 1979 By All Means, 1980 and 1993+ Morning Sun, 1981 and 1996+ Step Into the Funk, 1982 and as "Distant Lover" 1996+ The Sky is the Limit, 1985 and 1996+ Back to Jazz, 1985 and 1993+

Eleventh House, 1985 Love Fantasy, 1987 +

Alphonse Mouzon Early Spring, 1988 and 1996+ As You Wish, 1989 and 1995+ The Survivor, 1992 + On Top of the World, 1994 + The Night is Still Young, 1996 + Absolute Greatest Love Songs & Ballads, 1998 + Live in Hollywood, 2001 + Jazz in Bel-Air, 2008 +

35

+ = Tenacious Records

As sideman
With Donald Byrd Caricatures (1976) With Herbie Hancock Mr. Hands (1980) Monster (1980) Magic Windows (1981) Direct Step (1978) With Bobbi Humphrey Dig This! (1972) With Joachim Khn Hip Elegy (1975) With McCoy Tyner Sahara (1972) Song for My Lady (1972) Song of the New World (1973) Enlightenment (1973)

With Wayne Shorter Odyssey of Iska (1971) With Weather Report Weather Report (1971) With Eugene McDaniels Headless Heroes Of The Apocalypse (1971) With Betty Davis Hangin' Out In Hollywood / Crashin' from Passion (1976/1995/1996) With MOUZON (rapper aka Alphonse Philippe Mouzon) The Main Attraction (CD)" (2010) With Infinity Now (1990) With Arild Andersen Molde conCert (1981) With Doug Carn

Alphonse Mouzon Spirit of the New Land (1972) With Norman Conners Dance of Magic (1973) With Willie Colon El Baguin de Angelitos Negros (1977) With Larry Coryell Introducing The Eleventh House (1973) Live At Montreux (1974) Level One (1974) Planet End (1975) The Coryells (1999)

36

'With Al Di Meola' Land of the Midnight Sun (1976) With Tosten De Winkel Mastertouch (1992) With Miles Davis Dingo (1990) With Gil Evans Blues in Orbit (1969) With Roberta Flack Feel Like Making Love (1974) With Fania All-Stars Fania All-Stars - Live (1978) With Carlos Garnett The New Love (1976) With George Gruntz Palais Anthology (1975) With Tim Harden Bird on a Wire' (1971) With Miki Howard Three Wishes (2001) With Paul Jackson Black Octopus (1978) With Paul Jackson Jr. Never Alone (1996) With Alphonso Johnson]] Moonshadows (1976)

Alphonse Mouzon

37

Awards
listed in the 2nd edition of Marquis Who's Who in Entertainment and Who's Who In The World. voted the #2 best multi-instrumentalist in the 1995 JAZZIZ Magazine Annual Readers Poll.

References
[1] Allmusic (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7189)

Dom Um Romo

38

Dom Um Romo
Dom Um Romo
Born August 3, 1925 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil July 27, 2005 (aged79) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Jazz Musician, songwriter, record producer Drums Muse Records, Pablo Records, Vogue Records, Phillips, Waterlilly, JSR/Natasha, JSR/Irma, JSR/Cuadra

Origin Died

Genres Occupations Instruments Labels

Associated acts Weather Report, Cannonball Adderley, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Srgio Mendes, Tony Bennett.

Dom Um Romo (3 August 1925 - 27 July 2005) was a Brazilian jazz drummer. Noted for his expressive stylings with the fusion band Weather Report, Dom Um Romo recorded with varied artists such as Cannonball Adderley, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Srgio Mendes and Brasil '66 and Tony Bennett. He died in Rio de Janeiro shortly after suffering a stroke.

Discography
1965 Dom Um (Phillips) 1972 Dom Um Romo (Muse Records) 1973 Spirit of the Times (Muse) 1977 Hotmosphere (Pablo Records) 1978 Om (JAPO Records/ECM Records)[1] 1990 Samba de Rua (Vogue Records) 1993 Saudades (Waterlilly) 1999 Rhythm Traveller (JSR/Natasha) 2001 Lake of Perseverance (JSR/Irma Records) 2002 Nu Jazz meets Brazil (JSR/Cuadra)

References
[1] ECM LP 19003

Greg Errico

39

Greg Errico
Greg Errico, sometimes spelled Gregg Errico, (born 1 September 1948, San Francisco, California[1] ) is an Italian American musician/record producer, best known for being the drummer for the popular and influential psychedelic soul/funk band, Sly & the Family Stone. Errico was the original drummer for the band, and the first to quit it in 1971 because of the band's continuing turmoil. Errico toured with jazz-fusion group Weather Report in 1973, but never recorded with the group. His playing can be heard on tapes hosted at Wolfgang's Vault. Joe Zawinul said that no one could play his tune "Boogie Woogie Waltz" better than Errico had. Errico joined the David Bowie band for his Diamond Dogs 1974 tour of the U.S. during September 1974. Errico later collaborated with bands such as Santana,and the Grateful Dead. In the early 1980s, he was the drummer of the Jerry Garcia Band. He also worked with Larry Graham from Sly & The Family Stone, plus members of the Tower of Power horns, Journey and the Pointer Sisters on an album for Betty Davis. Errico still lives in the Bay Area, and continues to play and produce. One of his recent projects was producing the Jamie Davis big band album. He also played at the 2006 Grammy Awards, in the Sly & the Family Stone tribute, alongside most of his former bandmates. In recent years he has played drums for the reformed Quicksilver Messenger Service. Errico played at Woodstock and was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.

References
[1] Allmusic.com (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p74342)

External links
Project Involving Errico (http://www.unity-music.net/) www.slystonebook.com (http://www.slystonebook.com/)

Alphonso Johnson

40

Alphonso Johnson
Alphonso Johnson

Johnson performing in Rochester, New York in 1977. Background information Birth name Born Alphonso Johnson Born 1951 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Jazz, jazz fusion, funk Bass

Genres Instruments

Associated acts Weather Report, Bobby and the Midnites, Jazz Is Dead Website www.embamba.com [1]

Alphonso Johnson (born 2 February 1951) is an American jazz bassist who has been influential since the early 1970s.

Biography
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Johnson started off as an upright bass player, but switched to the electric bass in his late teens. Beginning his career in the early 1970s, Johnson showed innovation and fluidity on the electric bass. He sessioned with a few jazz musicians before landing a job with Weather Report, taking over for co-founding member Miroslav Vitous. His playing was featured on the Weather Report album Mysterious Traveller, on the songs "Cucumber Slumber" and "Scarlet Woman". Johnson appeared on two more albums for Weather Report before he would leave the band to work with drummer Billy Cobham. During 1976-77 he recorded three solo albums as a band leader, for the Epic label, in a fusion-funk vein. Johnson was one of the first musicians to introduce the Chapman Stick to the public. His knowledge of the instrument nearly landed him a lucrative job with Genesis as the replacement for guitarist Steve Hackett, who had quit Genesis in 1977. Being more of a bassist than a guitarist, Johnson instead recommended his friend ex-Sweetbottom guitarist and fellow session musician Daryl Stuermer, who would go on to remain a member of Genesis's touring band for the rest of their existence. Johnson was one of two bass players on Phil Collins's first solo album, Face Value, in 1981. In early 1982, Johnson joined Grateful Dead member Bob Weir's side project Bobby and the Midnites. He would reunite with Weir in 2000, playing bass in place of Phil Lesh on tour with The Other Ones. He has also performed fusion versions of Grateful Dead songs alongside Billy Cobham in the band Jazz Is Dead. Johnson played in the Latin/rock band Santana in 1985-1989. Later in 1996, Johnson toured Europe and Japan with composer and saxophonist Wayne Shorter, pianist James Beard, drummer Rodney Holmes, and guitarist David Gilmore.

Alphonso Johnson

41

Children
He also has two sons named Myles Ramon and Malcolm Ra Johnson, who are following in their father's footsteps as artists. Myles is studying to become a film director and Malcolm is attending The Academy of Art to graduate as an illustrator. The two are working together on a graphic novel project labeled "Roof Top Jazz".

Discography
As Leader
Moonshadows (1976), Epic Yesterdays Dreams (1976), Epic Spellbound (1977), Epic

As Sideman
With Eddie Henderson Sunburst (Blue Note, 1975)

External links
Biography [2] The Alphonso Johnson Official Website [1]

References
[1] http:/ / www. embamba. com/ [2] http:/ / www. mmguide. musicmatch. com/ artist/ artist. cgi?ARTISTID=879254

Leon "Ndugu" Chancler

42

Leon "Ndugu" Chancler

Leon "Ndugu" Chancler (born July 1, 1952) is a jazz funk drummer, percussionist, studio musician, composer and producer. Chancler was born in Shreveport, Louisiana and began playing drums when he was thirteen years old. While in high school, Chancler played with Willie Bobo and the Harold Johnson Sextet. Chancler graduated from California State University, Dominguez Hills with a degree in music education. By then he had already performed with the Gerald Wilson Big Band, Herbie Hancock,[1] and recorded with Miles Davis, Freddie Hubbard, and Bobby Hutcherson, among many others. Chancler often works as a studio percussionist. His playing can be heard on many hit records, ranging from jazz to blues to pop, including Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean".[2] Chancler has also worked with Stanley Clarke, Jean-Luc Ponty, Donna Summer, George Duke, Patrice Rushen, Carlos Santana, Hubert Laws, The Crusaders, Frank Sinatra, Weather Report, Lionel Richie, Kenny Rogers, Thelonious Monk, Herbie Hancock and John Lee Hooker. In 2006 he became an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Jazz Studies at the University of Southern California[2] and teaches at the Stanford Jazz Workshop in California for three weeks every summer.[3] Chancler is a member of Percussive Arts Society[4] and has been named as one of the top 25 Drummers in the world. He also is a composer and a the sole proprietor of his own publishing company. He has recently toured some cities in Latin America, including Monterrey, Mexico, where he played on Yamaha Mexico's 50th Anniversary Festival.

References
[1] Wynn, Ron. "Leon "Ndugu" Chancler: Biography" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p63693). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-04-21. [2] "Ndugu Chancler" (http:/ / www. usc. edu/ schools/ music/ private/ faculty/ ndugu. php). University of South California. . Retrieved 2010-04-21. [3] "2010 Faculty" (http:/ / www. stanfordjazz. org/ education/ faculty. html). Stanford Jazz Workshop. . Retrieved 2010-04-21. [4] "Leadership" (http:/ / www. pas. org/ About/ Leadership. aspx). Percussive Arts Society. . Retrieved 2010-04-21.

Chester Thompson

43

Chester Thompson
Chester Thompson

Chester playing with Genesis during the Turn It On Again Tour (2007) Background information Born December 11, 1948 Baltimore, Maryland, USA Progressive rock Pop rock Jazz fusion Drums 1973present

Genres

Instruments Years active

Associated acts Genesis, Phil Collins, Steve Hackett, Frank Zappa, Weather Report, Era Website chesterthompson.com [1]

Chester Cortez Thompson (born December 11, 1948 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American drummer and session musician. Thompson made his name as a session drummer, going on to play in Frank Zappa's touring band (as part of the 1973-1974 lineups which also featured percussionist Ruth Underwood and jazz keyboardist George Duke) and with Weather Report.[2] He played on such noted Zappa albums as One Size Fits All and Roxy & Elsewhere. His longest standing gig was with Genesis.[3] His relationship with the band began with the departure of frontman Peter Gabriel. Then drummer, Phil Collins, assumed Gabriel's role in live shows but remained behind the drum kit in the studio. Thompson became the touring drummer[4] in 1977, playing on their tours in that year and in 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983/4, 1986/7, 1992 and the 2007 reunion Turn It On Again Tour. Chester is featured on their live albums Seconds Out, Three Sides Live and The Way We Walk Volume 1, Volume 2 and Live Over Europe 2007. He chose not to be involved in the band's Calling All Stations tour, following the band's failure to invite him to join the studio band following Phil Collins's departure. Thompson has also worked with Phil Collins on his solo concert tours, drumming on the 1982/83 Hello, I Must Be Going! tour, 1985 No Jacket Required tour, 1990 ...But Seriously tour, The Tarzan Premiere tour of 1999 and The Final Farewell tour of 2004/05. Chester also appears on Phil Collins' Serious Hits... Live! live album and DVD, and has released his own solo album, A Joyful Noise. Chester also plays on the Steve Hackett albums, Please Don't Touch and Watcher of the Skies: Genesis Revisited. Later on, he played on Tony Banks' solo album A Curious Feeling. He also appears on The Tokyo Tapes album released in 1998 which features Steve Hackett and John Wetton amongst many others. He was also a founding member of the band Fire Merchants with Brand X guitarist John Goodsall and bassist Doug Lunn and appeared on their first recording in 1989.

Chester Thompson Chester's playing style is widely acknowledged and respected, and can be seen on numerous live videos of Genesis, from late 1970s up to early 1990s. His live playing with the band is a striking mixture of his own style and Collins' own, being equally comfortable with acoustic and electronic drums. In the past, Chester has endorsed Ludwig Drums (1970-March, 1977), Pearl Drums (April, 1977 - July, 1987), Sonor Drums (19901999) and Paiste cymbals (197090), but now endorses DW drums since 2000 and Sabian cymbals since 1990.

44

References
[1] http:/ / www. chesterthompson. com [2] Jenkins, Todd (2002-04-24). "CD/LP Review: Black Market" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=9768). All About Jazz. . Retrieved 2010-06-01. [3] Kelman, John. "Genesis: The Movie Box 1981-2007" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article_print. php?id=34775). All About Jazz. . Retrieved 2010-06-01. [4] Doerschuk, Bob (1 May 2002). Playing from the heart: great musicians talk about their craft (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=32xXgwxBjhMC& pg=PA237). Hal Leonard Corporation. p.237. ISBN9780879307042. . Retrieved 1 June 2010.

External links
The Official Chester Thompson site (http://www.chesterthompson.com) World of Genesis - Chester Thompson Biography (http://www.worldofgenesis.com/ ChesterThompson-biography.htm) World of Genesis - World of Genesis.com 2002 Chester Thompson Interview (http://worldofgenesis.com/ ChesterThompson-interview-2002.htm) Drummerworld: Chester Thompson (http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Chester_Thompson.html) Steve Hackett.com (http://www.stevehackett.com/albums/revisited.html)

Jaco Pastorius

45

Jaco Pastorius
Jaco Pastorius

Pastorius in concert at Naples, Italy in 1986 Background information Birth name Also known as Born John Francis Anthony Pastorius III "Mowgli" December 1, 1951Norristown, Pennsylvania United States September 21, 1987 (aged35)Fort Lauderdale, Florida United States Jazz, jazz fusion, big band Musician, songwriter, producer, Educator Bass, drums, piano, backing vocals, mandocello, steel drums 19641987 Epic, Warner Bros., Columbia, ECM, CBS Records

Died

Genres Occupations Instruments Years active Labels

Associated acts Weather Report, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, Joni Mitchell, Trio of Doom, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Word Of Mouth, Website JacoPastorius.com [1] Notable instruments Fender Jazz Bass

John Francis Anthony Pastorius III (December 1, 1951 September 21, 1987), known as Jaco Pastorius, was an American jazz musician and composer widely acknowledged for his skills as a virtuoso[2] electric bass player. His playing style was noteworthy for containing intricate solos in the higher register. His innovations also included the use of harmonics and the "singing" quality of his melodies on the fretless bass. Pastorius suffered from mental illness including a substance-related disorder, and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1982. He died in 1987 at age 35 following a violent altercation at a Fort Lauderdale drinking establishment. Pastorius was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1988, one of only four bassists to be so honored (and the only electric bass guitarist). He is regarded as one of the most influential bass players of all time.

Jaco Pastorius

46

Early life and education

John Francis Pastorius III was born December 1, 1951 in Norristown, Pennsylvania[3] to Jack Pastorius (big band singer/drummer) and Stephanie Katherine Haapala Pastorius,[4] the first of their three children, Jaco Pastorius was of Finnish, German, Swedish and Irish ancestry.[5] Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Oakland Park, Florida (near Fort Lauderdale). Pastorius went to elementary and middle school at St. Clement's Catholic School in Wilton Manors, and he was an altar boy at the adjoining church.[6] In his years at St. Clement's, the art he was most known for was drawing. Pastorius formed his first band named The Sonics along with John Caputo and Dean Noel. He went to high school at Northeast High in Oakland Park, Florida.[7] He was a talented athlete with skills in football, basketball, and baseball, and he picked up music at an early age. He took the name "Anthony" at his confirmation.[7] He loved baseball and often watched it with his father. Pastorius' nickname was influenced by his love of sports and also by the umpire Jocko Conlan.[7] He changed the spelling from "Jocko" to "Jaco" after the pianist Alex Darqui sent him a note. Darqui, who was French, assumed the name was spelled "Jaco"; Pastorius liked the new spelling.[7] Jaco Pastorius had a second nickname, given to him by his younger brother Gregory: "Mowgli", after the wild young boy in Rudyard Kipling's children's classic, The Jungle Book. Gregory gave him the nickname in reference to his seemingly endless energy as a child.[7] Jaco Pastorius would later establish his music publishing company as Mowgli Music. In 1973, he was an instructor at the University of Miami's Frost School of Music.

Music career
Jaco Pastorius started out following in the footsteps of his father Jack, playing the drums,[8] however he injured his wrist playing football at age 13. The damage to his wrist was severe enough to warrant corrective surgery and ultimately inhibited his ability to play drums.[7] At the time, he had been playing with a local band, Las Olas Brass, and since the bass player, David Neubauer, had decided to quit the band, he picked up an electric bass guitar from a local pawn shop for $15, and began to learn to play,[9] with drummer Rich Franks assuming his former position in the band.[10] By 1968-1969, Pastorius had begun to appreciate jazz and had scraped up enough money to buy an upright bass. Its deep, mellow tone appealed to him even if its cost was prohibitive. Pastorius discovered the difficulties in maintaining the instrument, which Pastorius attributed to the humidity of his Florida home, coupled with his shift in focus to R&B music. Following the development of a crack in the body, he finally traded the instrument for a 1960 Fender Jazz Bass.[11] Pastorius' first real break came when he secured the bass chair with Wayne Cochran and The C.C. Riders[8] He also played on various local R&B and jazz records during that time such as Little Beaver, Ira Sullivan's Quintet, and Woodchuck. In 1974, he began playing with his friend and future famous jazz guitarist, Pat Metheny. They recorded together, first with Paul Bley as leader and Bruce Ditmas on drums, then with drummer Bob Moses. Metheny and Pastorius recorded a trio album with Bob Moses on the ECM label, entitled Bright Size Life.
Pastorius November 27, 1977

Jaco Pastorius

47

Debut album
In 1975, Pastorius was introduced to Blood, Sweat and Tears drummer Bobby Colomby, who had been given the green light by CBS Records to find "new talent" for their jazz division.[12] Pastorius' first album, produced by Colomby was the eponymous Jaco Pastorius (1976), a breakthrough album for the electric bass.[3] Many consider this to be the finest bass album ever recorded;[3] when it exploded onto the jazz scene it was widely praised by critics. The album also boasted a lineup of heavyweights in the jazz community at the timeessentially a stellar backup bandincluding Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, David Sanborn, Lenny White, Don Alias, and Michael Brecker among others. Even legendary R&B singers Sam & Dave reunited to appear on the track "Come On, Come Over".[13]

Weather Report
Around the time of his solo album, he ran into keyboardist Josef Zawinul in Miami, where Zawinul's band, Weather Report, was playing. According to Zawinul, Pastorius walked up to him after a concert one night and talked about the performance and said that it was all right but that he had expected more.[14] He then went on to introduce himself to Zawinul, adding that he was the greatest bass player in the world. An unamused Zawinul told him to "get the fuck outta here."[15] According to Milkowski's book, on that same evening, Pastorius playing in Convocation Hall in Toronto Canada on Pastorius persisted and, according to Zawinul, reminded November 27, 1977 Zawinul of himself when he was a "brash young man" in Cannonball Adderley's band, which made Zawinul admire the young bassist. Zawinul asked for a demo tape from Pastorius, and thus began a series of correspondence between the two. Pastorius joined Weather Report during the recording sessions for Black Market, and he became a vital part of the band both by virtue of the unique qualities of his bass playing, his skills as a composer and his exuberant showmanship on stage. His stage act and melodic, propulsive solos brought Weather Report a large new African-American audience; before his arrival the band had mostly pulled in white college fans.

Jaco Pastorius

48

Guest appearances on albums

Pastorius guested on many albums by other artists, as for example in 1976 with Ian Hunter of Mott the Hoople fame, on All American Alien Boy, which again featured David Sanborn as well as Aynsley Dunbar. Other recordings included Joni Mitchell's Hejira album, and a solo album by Al Di Meola which were also standouts, both released in 1976. Soon after that, Weather Report bass player Alphonso Johnson gave notice that he would be leaving to start his own band. Zawinul invited Pastorius to join the band, where he played alongside Joe and Wayne Shorter until 1983. During his time with Weather Report, Pastorius made his indelible mark on jazz music, notably by being featured on one of the most popular jazz albums of all time, the Grammy Award-nominated Heavy Weather. Not only did this album showcase Jaco's bass playing and songwriting, but he also received a co-producing credit with Joe Zawinul and even played drums on his self-composed "Teen Town." During the course of his musical career, Pastorius played on dozens of recording sessions for other musicians, both in and out Pastorius seated with his bass guitar, in Amsterdam 1980 of jazz circles. Some of his most notable are four highly regarded albums with acclaimed singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell: Hejira (1976), Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (1977), Mingus (1979) and the live album Shadows and Light (1980). His influence was most dominant on Don Juan's Reckless Daughter, and many of the songs on that album seem to be composed using the bass as a melodic source of inspiration. Also worthy of mention is his collaboration with jazz greats Flora Purim and Airto Moreira. Pastorius can be heard on Moreira's 1977 release I'm Fine, How Are You? His signature sound is prominent on Purim's 1978 release Everyday Everynight, on which he played the bass melody for a Michel Colombier composition entitled "The Hope", and performed bass and vocals on one of his own compositions entitled "Las Olas". Near the end of his career, he guested on low-key releases by jazz artists such as guitarist Mike Stern, guitarist Birli Lagrne, and drummer Brian Melvin. In 1985, he recorded an instructional video, Modern Electric Bass, hosted by acclaimed bassist Jerry Jemmott. Pastorius' original compositions for solo electric bass guitar, "Portrait of Tracy" and "Three Views of a Secret" have been arranged for piano and published in The New Real Book: Volume 1 published by Sher Music.[16]

Projects
He and Weather Report parted ways in early 1981, and Jaco began pursuing his interest in creating a big band solo project named Word of Mouth, one that found its debut aurally on his second solo release, Word of Mouth. This 1981 album also boasted guest appearances by several distinguished jazz musicians: Herbie Hancock, Weather Report's Wayne Shorter and Peter Erskine, harmonica virtuoso Toots Thielemans and Hubert Laws. The album allowed Pastorius' songwriting to take some of the spotlight from his bass performance. It also showcased his producing skills and ultimately, his ability to bring together a project that was recorded on both coasts of the United States, as well as in Belgium where he recorded Thielemans. On his 30th birthday, December 1, 1981, he threw a party at a club in Fort Lauderdale, flew in some of the artists from his Word of Mouth project, and other noteworthy musicians that included Don Alias, and Michael Brecker. The

Jaco Pastorius event was recorded by his friend and engineer Peter Yianilos, who intended it as a birthday gift. The concert remained unreleased until 1995. He toured in 1982; a swing through Japan was the highlight, and it was at this time that bizarre tales of Pastorius' deteriorating behavior first surfaced. He shaved his head, painted his face black and threw his bass into Hiroshima Bay at one point.[17] That tour was released in Japan as Twins I and Twins II and was condensed for an American release which was known as Invitation. In 1982, he recorded a third solo album, which made it as far as some unpolished demo tapes, a steelpans-tinged release entitled Holiday for Pans, which once again showcased him as a composer and producer rather than a performer. Jaco Pastorius did not play any of the bass parts on this album. He could not find a distributor for the album and the album was never released; however, it has since been widely bootlegged. In 2003, a cut from Holiday for Pans, entitled "Good Morning Anya", was included on Rhino Records' anthology Punk Jazz.

49

Behavior and health problems

Pastorius was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression.[18] Pastorius showed numerous features of the condition long before his initial diagnosis, although they were insufficiently extreme to have been diagnosed at the time as mental illness, being regarded instead as eccentricities or character flaws.[19] The condition in its earlier stages is likely to have contributed to his success as a musician. Hypomania, the cyclical peaks in mood that distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, have been associated with enhanced creativity.[20] It was recognized (retrospectively) by friends and family that these peaks played an essential role in his urge to create music.[21] In his early career, Pastorius avoided both alcohol and drugs, but he became increasingly involved in alcohol and other drugs during his time with Weather Report.[22] Alcohol abuse ultimately exacerbated Pastorius' condition, leading to increasingly erratic and sometimes anti-social behavior.[23]
Pastorius performing in New York City (with Jorma Kaukonen in the back, left); March 1986

Pastorius was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in late 1982 following the Word of Mouth tour of Japan in which his erratic behavior became an increasing source of concern for his band members. Drummer Peter Erskine's father, Dr. Fred Erskine, suggested that Pastorius was showing signs of the condition and, on his return from the tour, his wife, Ingrid, had Pastorius committed to Holy Cross hospital under the Florida Mental Health Act, where he received the diagnosis and was prescribed lithium to stabilize his moods.[24] By 1986, Pastorius' health had further deteriorated. He had been evicted from his New York apartment and had begun living on the streets.[25] In July 1986, following intervention by his now ex-wife Ingrid with the help of his brother Gregory, he was admitted to Bellevue Hospital in New York, where he was prescribed Tegretol in preference to lithium.[24] He moved back to Fort Lauderdale in December of that year, again living on the streets for weeks at a time.[25]

Jaco Pastorius

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Death
After sneaking onstage at a Carlos Santana concert September 11, 1987, and being ejected from the premises, Pastorius made his way to the Midnight Bottle Club in Wilton Manors, Florida.[26] After reportedly kicking in a glass door after being refused entrance to the club, he was engaged in a violent confrontation with the club bouncer, Luc Havan.[27] Pastorius was hospitalized for multiple facial fractures and injuries to his right eye and left arm. He fell into a coma and was put on life support. There were initially encouraging signs that he would come out of his coma and recover, but a massive brain hemorrhage a few days later pointed to brain death. Pastorius died on September 21, 1987, aged 35, at Broward General Medical Center in Fort Lauderdale and was buried at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Cemetery in North Lauderdale.[28] In the wake of Pastorius' death, Havan was charged with second degree murder but later pleaded guilty to manslaughter. Because he had no prior convictions, and accounting for time served while waiting for the verdict, he was sentenced to 22 months in jail and five years probation. He was released after four months in jail for good behavior.[29]

Honors and tributes

Miles Davis honored the late bassist on his album Amandla with the Marcus Miller composition "Mr. Pastorius", as Jaco Pastorius was an inspiration to Marcus Miller.[30] Victor Wooten also honored Jaco Pastorius on his album Soul Circus on the track "Bass Tribute", thanking Pastorius several times. Wooten and Steve Bailey's Bass Extremes includes the tracks "Glorius Pastorius", "Portrait of Tracy," and also a tribute to Pastorius' interpretation of Charlie Parker's "Donna Lee" titled "Madonna Lee". The Pat Metheny Group also honored Pastorius on their album Pat Metheny Group with the track "Jaco". This song was not specifically written for Pastorius. Metheny wrote the song and then realized that the main melody sounded a lot like Pastorius' "Come On, Come Over", and subsequently decided to name the tune for Pastorius.[31] Bass player Brian Bromberg recorded a Pastorius tribute album entitled Jaco, which includes his interpretations of "Come On, Come Over", "The Chicken", "Portrait of Tracy", and more.[32] John McLaughlin also honored Pastorius on his album Industrial Zen with the song "For Jaco". English keyboard player Rod Argent includes a track titled "Pastorius Mentioned" on his 1979 Album Moving Home. The song "Big Country", by Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, contains the opening lick from Pastorius' "Continuum". Stuart Zender, the original bass player and founding member of Jamiroquai, cites Pastorius as one of his main influences. "With his sense of rhythm, melody and use of harmonics, Jaco pushed the envelope and transformed the way the electric bass guitar was played." On December 2, 2007, the day after what would have been Pastorius' 56th birthday, a concert called "20th Anniversary (of his death) Tribute to Jaco Pastorius" was held at The Broward Center for the Performing Arts in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, featuring performances by the award-winning Jaco Pastorius Big Band with special guest appearances by Peter Erskine, Randy Brecker, Bob Mintzer, David Bargeron, Jimmy Haslip, Gerald Veasley, Pastorius' sons John and Julius Pastorius, Pastorius' daughter Mary Pastorius, Ira Sullivan, Bobby Thomas, Jr., and Dana Paul. Also shown were exclusive home movies and rare concert footage as well as video appearances by Pat Metheny, Joni Mitchell, and other luminaries from Pastorius' life. Almost 20 years after his death, Fender released the Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass, a fretless instrument from its Artist Series. On December 1, 2008, on what would have been Pastorius' 57th birthday, the park in Oakland Park's new downtown redevelopment was formally named 'Jaco Pastorius Park' in honor of its former resident.[33] Since 1997, an annual birthday event takes place around December 1 in South Florida, hosted by his sons Julius and Felix Pastorius.

Jaco Pastorius

51

Playing style
Technique
The "Jaco growl" is obtained by using the bridge pickup exclusively, and plucking the strings right above the bridge pickup. Pastorius used natural and false harmonics to extend the range of the bass (exemplified in the bass solo composition Portrait of Tracy from his eponymous album) and could achieve his signature horn-like tone by utilizing his fretless neck (covered in polyurethane marine varnish). His playing techniques earned him accolades both from the critics and his audiences. He used finger-style playing exclusively, and was not seen using the slap and pop method that dominated the R&B charts.

Equipment
Basses Pastorius was most identified by his use of two well-worn Fender Jazz Basses from the early 1960s: a 1960 fretted, and a 1962 fretless. The fretless, known by Jaco Pastorius as the "Bass of Doom", was originally a fretted bass that had the frets removed. Pastorius claimed to have removed the frets himself[34] but later said he had bought it with the frets already Jaco obtaining special effects with his bass guitar, performing with removed.[8] Pastorius finished the fretboard with Weather Report in 1980 marine epoxy (Petit's Poly-poxy) to protect the wood from the roundwound Rotosound strings he was using.[8] Even though he played both the fretted and the fretless basses frequently, he preferred the fretless, because he felt frets were a hindrance, once calling them "speed bumps". However, he said in the instructional video that he never practiced with the fretless because the strings "chew the neck up." Both of his Fender basses were stolen shortly before he entered Bellevue hospital in 1986. In 1993, one of the basses resurfaced in a New York City music shop, with the distinctive letter P written between the two pickups. In 2008, the 1962 fretless "Bass of Doom" also turned up in good condition in New York.[35] It was subsequently acquired by Robert Trujillo, bassist with Metallica, who returned the bass to the Pastorius family.[36] Amplification, effects, and strings Jaco Pastorius used the "Variamp" EQ (equalization) controls on his two Acoustic 360 amplifiers[37] (made by the Acoustic Control Corporation of Van Nuys, California) to boost the midrange frequencies, thus accentuating the natural growling tone of his fretless passive Fender Jazz Bass and roundwound string combination. His tone was also colored by the use of a rackmount MXR digital delay unit that fed a second Acoustic amp rig. He often used Hartke cabinets during the final three years of his life because of their characteristic aluminum speaker cones (as opposed to paper speaker cones). These gave his tone a bright, clear sound. He typically used the delay in a chorus-like mode, providing a shimmering stereo doubling effect. He would often use the fuzz control built in on the Acoustic 361. For the bass solo "Slang" on the 8:30 album, Pastorius used the MXR digital delay to layer and loop a chordal figure and then he soloed over it. Jaco Pastorius used Rotosound strings.[34]

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Awards
Apart from his career in the jazz fusion band Weather Report, Jaco Pastorius had two Grammy Award nominations for his self-titled debut album.[3] He won the readers' poll for induction into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1988, one of only four bassists to be so honored (the others being Charles Mingus, Milt Hinton, and Ray Brown), and the only electric bassist to receive this distinction.

Biography controversy
In 1995, jazz author Bill Milkowski published Jaco: The Extraordinary And Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius.[38] The book was written primarily from Milkowski's first hand experiences with Jaco when he lived in New York between 1984 and 1987, when Pastorius' health had deteriorated.[39] This was supplemented with interviews with friends and family, as well as musicians and industry insiders.[40] Pastorius's second wife Ingrid has complained that the book treated Jaco Pastorius with a lack of sensitivity,[39] and has listed a number of contextual inaccuracies on her website.[8] Guitarist Pat Metheny, who was a close friend before Pastorius joined Weather Report,[41] wrote in the liner notes of the reissue of Pastorius' first album that Milkowski's book was "a horribly inaccurate, botched biography".[42] The softcover edition of Jaco: The Extraordinary And Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius amended a paragraph concerning an occasion in which Jaco Pastorius had introduced a female friend to Milkowski as his daughter.[8] A new 2005 edition has made further changes.[7]

Influences
Jaco has been cited as an influence by such great bass players of both jazz and rock as Neil Murray,[43] Tony Franklin,[44] Pedro Aznar[45] among many others.

Selected discography
Solo Weather Report Album 1975 1976 JacoPastorius

Collaboration Artist Pat Metheny Ian Hunter Joni Mitchell Al Di Meola Joni Mitchell Herbie Hancock

Bright Size Life All American Alien Boy Hejira Land of the Midnight Sun

Black Market

1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983

HeavyWeather Don Juan's Reckless Daughter Mr. Gone 8:30 Night Passage

Sunlight

Mingus Joni Mitchell Shadows and Light (live album) Joni Mitchell Mr. Hands Herbie Hancock

Word of Mouth The Birthday Concert Weather Report Invitation

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Notes
[1] http:/ / www. jacopastorius. com/ [2] http:/ / webcache. googleusercontent. com/ search?q=cache:8BLPzgMpF0UJ:www. fender. com/ artists/ artist. php%3Fid%3D139+ jaco+ pastorius+ virtuoso& cd=5& hl=en& ct=clnk& gl=us& client=firefox-a& source=www. google. com [3] Jaco Pastorius official website [4] Ingrid's Jaco Cyber Nest; FAQ [5] Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest; FAQ [6] GQ, 1988 [7] Milkowski, 2005 [8] Jaco Pastorius official website biography [9] BBC radio 3 profile; Jaco Pastorius official website biography [10] Rich Franks; Jaco Pastorius official website biography [11] Bob Bobbing (2007), Jaco and the upright bass; Jaco Pastorius Official Website biography [12] Bobby Colomby [13] AllMusic; Jaco Pastorius credits [14] Zawinul, Josef. Portrait of Jaco [15] GQ [16] The New Real Book: Volume 1 (http:/ / www. shermusic. com/ new/ 0961470143. shtml). Sher Music. [17] Milkowski, 20055 [18] Mary Pastorius; Daddy, just Daddy to me [19] Milkowski, 2005; Grayson, 2003 [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] Santosa, 2006; Redfield 1993 Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest; Ken Gemmer's Insight; Torn Moon 1987 Milkowski, 2005; Flynn Torn Moon 1987; United Press 1987 Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest; Mind II Torn Moon 1987 Stanton p195 browardpalmbeach.com (http:/ / www. browardpalmbeach. com/ 2006-11-30/ news/ jaco-incorporated/ 5/ ) Stanton Broward Palm Beach News 2006 Perspectives on Jaco; Cole p297 Metheny, Pat. Pat Metheny Songbook. Appendix: Hal Leonard Corporation. pp.439. ISBN0-634-00796-3. Billboard, 26 Oct 2002; Kelman, 2009 Oakland Park Main Street Rosen, 1978 Jisi, 2008 Robert Trujillo Assists Pastorius Family In Recovering the Infamous Bass Of Doom Acoustic 360 amplifiers (http:/ / acoustic. homeunix. net/ twiki/ bin/ view/ Acoustic/ BassPreamp360) Milkowski, 1995 Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest; Book Bob Bobbing post; jacopastorius.com forums Flynn, Metheny interview Metheny, liner notes http:/ / dmme. net/ interviews/ nmurray. html http:/ / www. tonyfranklin. com/ basstips_3. html http:/ / edant. clarin. com/ diario/ 2009/ 09/ 30/ espectaculos/ c-02008852. htm

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References
"Jaco Pastorius Official website" (http://www.jacopastorius.co.uk/index2.html). Jacopastorius.co.uk. Retrieved June 27, 2007. "Jaco Pastorius: 20 Years Later" (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14578299&sc=nl& cc=mn-20071007). NPR. Retrieved 2008-03-04. United Press (1987-09-22). "Jazz Musician Jaco Pastorius Dies" (http://jonimitchell.com/library/view. cfm?id=1094). JoniMitchell.com. Retrieved 2009-06-04. "Jaco Pastorius credits" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/r145247). Allmusic. All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved 2007-06-27. Billboard (2002-10-26). "Come on, come over" (http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JQ0EAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA33&dq=jaco+pastorius+influence#v=onepage). Jazz Notes. Retrieved 2009-10-28. "Oakland Park to cut ribbon for Jaco Pastorius Park on December 1st" (http://oaklandparkmainstreet.com/ PressReleases/Jaco_Pastorius_Park.pdf). oaklandparkmainstreet.com. 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Torn Moon (1987-09-20). "Dark Days For A Jazz Genius" (http://jonimitchell.com/library/view.cfm?id=924). Miami Herald. JoniMitchell.com. Retrieved 2009-06-04. "Radio 3 Jazz Profiles: Jaco Pastorius" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/jazz/profiles/jaco_pastorius.shtml). BBC. Retrieved 2008-03-04. "Jaco Incorporated" (http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2006-11-30/news/jaco-incorporated/6). New Times. Retrieved 2009-07-03. "Robert Trujillo Assists Pastorius Family In Recovering the Infamous Bass Of Doom" (http://www.metallica. com/index.asp?item=603210). Metallica.com. May 28, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010. Bobbing, Bob (2008). "Bill Milkowski's Jaco Biography" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/interact/discussions/ topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=4692&SearchTerms=milkowski). JacoPastorius.com forums. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Bobbing, Bob (2007). "Jaco and the upright bass" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/interact/discussions/topic. asp?TOPIC_ID=3253). JacoPastorius.com forums. Cole, George (2005). The Last Miles: The music of Miles Davis, 19801991 (http://books.google.com/ ?id=H5r-mzXMJfEC). Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN9780472032600. Colomby, Bobby (2005). "Bobby Columby Story....True?" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/interact/ discussions/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=2217&whichpage=1). JacoPastorius.com forums. Currin, Grayson (2003-08-06). "Continuum" (http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:19967). IndyWeek.com. Retrieved 2009-06-03. Flynn, Mike. "Pat Metheny A man and machine in perfect harmony" (http://www.munkio.com/words/ pat_metheny.html). munkio.com. Retrieved 2009-06-11. Franks, Trane. "Untitled" (http://threeviews.com/ssfranks.htm). threeviews.com. Retrieved 2009-10-01. Gemmer, Ken. "Ken Gemmer's Insight" (http://www.jacop.net/gemmer.html). jacop.net. Retrieved 2009-06-04. Ginell, Richard S. All Music Jaco Pastorius biography (http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p7295). All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved 2007-06-24. Jamison, Kay Redfield (1993). Touched With Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Creative Temperament. New York: The Free Press. Jisi, Chris (March 2008). "Jacos 1962 Fender Jazz Bass "Bass of Doom" Found!" (http://www.bassplayer.com/ article/jacos-1962-fender/mar-08/34267). Bass Player Online (New Bay Media, LLC). Retrieved 2009-01-17. Jordan, Pat (1988). "Who Killed Jaco Pastorius?" (http://www.lucaspickford.com/jaco-gq1.jpg). GQ (May). Retrieved 2009-06-21. Kelman, John. "Brian Bromberg - "Jaco" - Jazz Review" (http://www.indiejazz.com/Review. aspx?review=brain-bromberg-jaco). indiejazz.com. Retrieved 2009-06-19.

Jaco Pastorius Metheny, Pat (2000). "The Life and Music of Jaco Pastorious" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/biography/life. asp). Liner Notes to Jaco's eponymous debut album. Retrieved 2009-05-23. Miller, Marcus (2002). "Perspectives on Jaco" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/features/guestartists/ marcusmiller.asp). JacoPastorius.com. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Milkowsi, Bill (1984). "Bass Revolutionary: Jaco Pastorius Interview" (http://www.lucaspickford.com/ transinterview.htm). Guitar Player (August 1984). Milkowski, Bill (1995). Jaco: the extraordinary and tragic life of Jaco Pastorius (1st ed.). Backbeat Books. ISBN0879303611. Milkowski, Bill (2005). Jaco: The Extraordinary and Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius (2nd ed.). Backbeat Books. ISBN0879303611. Pastorius, Ingrid. Frequently asked questions (http://www.jacop.net/faq.html). Ingrid's Jaco Cyber Nest. Retrieved 2009-09-30. Pastorius, Ingrid. "Book" (http://www.jacop.net/book.html). Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Pastorius, Ingrid. "Book Corrections" (http://www.jacop.net/book2.html). Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest. Retrieved 2009-06-19. Pastorius, Ingrid. "Mind II" (http://www.jacop.net/mind2.html). Ingrid's Jaco Cybernest. Retrieved 2009-06-03. Pastorius, Mary (1994). "Daddy, just Daddy to me" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/features/writings/daddy. asp). jacopastorius.com. Retrieved 2009-06-08. Prasad, Anil (1997). "Joe Zawinul, Man of the people" (http://www.innerviews.org/inner/zawinul.html). Innerviews. Retrieved 2009-06-11. Rosen, Steve (1978). "Portrait of Jaco" (http://www.jacopastorius.com/features/interviews/portrait.asp}). JacoPastorius.com. Retrieved 2009-06-12. Santosa, C.M.; Strong, C.M., Nowakowska, C., Wang, P.W., Rennicke, C.M. and Ketter, T.A. (2006). "Enhanced creativity in bipolar disorder patients: A controlled study." (http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2X-4MFJJ20-1&_user=1553915&_coverDate=06/30/2007&_rdoc=1& _fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=4930&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000053677&_version=1& _urlVersion=0&_userid=1553915&md5=684489f6fee41b3ddccaffd7326c0b10#bibl001). Journal of Affective Disorders 100 (1-3): 3139. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.013. PMID17126406. Salloum, I.M.; Thase, M.E. (2000). "Impact of substance abuse on the course and treatment of bipolar disorder". Bipolar Disorders 2 (3 Pt 2): 26980. doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2000.20308.x. PMID11249805. Stanton, Scott (2003). The Tombstone Tourist: Musicians. Simon and Schuster. ISBN0743463307.

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External links
Official website (http://www.jacopastorius.com/) Jaco Pastorius My Space (http://www.myspace.com/jacopastorius) Jaco Pastorius (http://musicbrainz.org/artist/46a6fac0-2e14-4214-b08e-3bdb1cffa5aa.html) discography at MusicBrainz Jacob Pastorius profile at NNDB (http://www.nndb.com/people/234/000109904/) Pastorius family site (http://jacop.net/HomePage0.html) Fender Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass Fretless (http://www.fender.com/products//search.php?partno=0196208800) Jaco Pastorius: 12 Essential Performances (http://www.jazz.com/dozens/the-dozens-jaco-pastorius) by Jared Pauley (jazz.com) Jaco 1978 Radio Interview: rare audio (http://www.ricksuchow.com/music-15.html) Jaco Pastorius Unissued Live Recordings Discography (http://home.earthlink.net/~lpogost/jaco.htm) Jaco's grave (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1995)

Jaco Pastorius Interview with Ingrid Pastorius (http://www.zawinulfans.org/modules/sections/index.php?op=viewarticle& artid=34)

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Alex Acua
Alex Acua

Background information Birth name Born Genres Occupations Instruments Alejandro Neciosup Acua December 12, 1944Peru Jazz, jazz fusion, afro-cuban jazz Drummer, percussionist, teacher Percussion

Associated acts Perez Prado, Weather Report, Koinonia

Alejandro Neciosup Acua aka Alex Acua (born December 12, 1944) is a Peruvian Afro-Cuban jazz drummer and percussionist. Born in Pativilca, Peru, Acua played in local bands from the age of ten, and moved to Lima as a teenager. At the age of eighteen he joined the band of Perez Prado, and in 1967 he moved to Puerto Rico. In 1974 Acua moved to Las Vegas, working with artists such as Elvis Presley and Diana Ross, and the following year he joined the jazz-fusion group Weather Report, appearing on the albums Black Market and Heavy Weather. Acua left Weather Report in 1978, and became a session musician in California, recording and playing live with (amongst many others) Paul McCartney, Joni Mitchell, Ella Fitzgerald, Jim Walker (musician), Chick Corea, Whitney Houston, Plcido Domingo, Phil Keaggy, Sergeant Petter, Sam Phillips, former Weather Report bandmates Wayne Shorter and Joe Zawinul, Herbie Hancock, Carlos Santana, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Beck, Roberta Flack, U2, and Al Jarreau. He can be found on recordings by musicians as culturally diverse as Javier Malosetti, Lee Ritenour, Peter Gabriel, Johnny Clegg, Robbie Robertson, Jackson Browne and Flavio Sala. In the 1980s Acuna also recorded and toured with the Christian jazz band Koinonia, which featured session musicians Abraham Laboriel, Justo Almario, Hadley Hockensmith, Harlan Rogers, and Bill Maxwell. He played on Willy DeVille's Crow Jane Alley album and 1987 together with the TCB Band of Elvis Presley in the Roy Orbison TV-Special "A Black and White Night". He played percussion on Blondie's number one "The Tide Is High". He has also worked as an educator at University of California, Los Angeles and Berklee College of Music.

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Selected discography
(1976) Black Market - Weather Report (1977) Heavy Weather - Weather Report (1989) Kilowatt - Kazumi Watanabe - Percussion (1987) Walkin' on Air - Bobbysocks! - Percussion (1992) Thinking of You - Alex Acua and the Unknowns (1992) Worship With Don Moen - Don Moen - Percussion (1993) Rejoice Africa - Lionel Peterson - Percussion (1993) We Are One - Tom Inglis - Percussion (1994) Trust In The Lord with Don Moen - Don Moen - Drums and Percussion (1994) God Is Able - Ron Kenoly - Drums and Percussion (1994) As For My House - Rick and Cathy Riso - Percussion (1995) Men In Worship - Jack Hayford - Percussion (1995) Sing Out with One Voice - Ron Kenoly -Percussion (2000) Acuarela de Tambores - Alex Acua (Grammy nominee) (2002) Los Hijos del Sol: To My Country - Alex Acua (2005) No accent - Alex Acua and the Unknowns

Awards
Best Latin/Brazilian Percussionist, Modern Drummer's Readers Poll.

External links
Alex Acua at Drummerworld [1] Interview with Alex Acua [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. drummerworld. com/ drummers/ Alex_Acuna. html [2] http:/ / www. zawinulfans. org/ modules/ sections/ index. php?op=viewarticle& artid=28

Don Alias

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Don Alias
Don Alias
Born March , 1978 New York City, New York United States Jazz, jazz fusion Musician Drums, Conga drums, Percussion instruments, djembe

Genres Occupations Instruments

Associated acts Joni Mitchell, Miles Davis, Weather Report, Jaco Pastorius, Pat Metheny, Herbie Hancock Website Official Website Don Alias [1]

Charles 'Don' Alias[2] (b. December 25, 1939 New York City, New York; d. March 29, 2006 New York City) was an American jazz percussionist. Alias was best known for his skill at congas and other hand drums. He was, however, a capable drum kit performer: Alias played drums on the song "Miles Runs the Voodoo Down" from Bitches Brew (1969) when neither Lenny White nor Jack DeJohnette were able to capture the marching band rhythm requested by trumpeter Miles Davis.[3] Alias performed on hundreds of recordings, and was perhaps best known for his associations with Miles Davis and saxophonist David Sanborn, though he also performed or recorded with the group Weather Report, singer Joni Mitchell, pianist Herbie Hancock, The Brecker Brothers, Jaco Pastorius, Pat Metheny and many others. Alias was born in New York City and arrived in Boston in the early 1960s intending to study medicine but, after playing congas in a number of local bands, made an abrupt career switch.

Discography
As sideman
With Philip Bailey Soul on Jazz (Heads Up International, 2002) With Carla Bley Sextet (Watt, 1986-87) Fleur Carnivore (Watt, 1988) The Very Big Carla Bley Band (Watt, 1990) Looking for America (Watt, 2002)

With Miles Davis Bitches Brew (Columbia, 1970) On the Corner (Columbia 1971) Amandla (Warner Bros., 1989) With Jack DeJohnette Oneness (ECM, 1997) With Joe Farrell Penny Arcade (CTI, 1973) With Dan Fogelberg

Don Alias The Innocent Age (Full Moon, 1981) With Bill Frisell Unspeakable (Elektra Nonesuch, 2004) With Kenny Garrett Black Hope (Warner Bros, 1992) With Elvin Jones Merry-Go-Round (Blue Note, 1971) With Joni Mitchell Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (Asylum, 1977) Mingus (Asylum, 1979) Shadows and Light (Asylum, 1980) With Jaco Pastorius Word of Mouth (Warner Bros., 1980-81) With Carlos Santana and John McLaughlin Love Devotion Surrender (Columbia, 1973) With James Taylor Flag (Columbia, 1979) With Weather Report Weather Report (Columbia, 1971) - uncredited Black Market (Columbia, 1976)

59

References
[1] http:/ / donalias. com [2] surname pronounced ah-LIE-ahs [3] see the notes for The Complete Bitches Brew Sessions (1998)

External links
Official Website Don Alias (http://donalias.com) Don Alias's Interview (http://www.digitalinterviews.com/digitalinterviews/views/alias.shtml) Article in Drummerworld (http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Don_Alias.html)

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Manolo Badrena
Manolo Badrena (born March 1952 in Puerto Rico) is a first-call percussionist most noted for his work with Weather Report from 1976 to 1977. He has made contributions to over 100 recordings that span jazz, world music, pop, and Latin music. Badrena has played with Zawinul Syndicate, the Rolling Stones, Mezzoforte, Joni Mitchell, Spyro Gyra, Art Blakey, Bill Evans, Steve Khan, Carla Bley, the Talking Heads, Blondie, Michael Franks, Ahmad Jamal, and others. Badrena currently lives in Fair View, New Jersey. He is the leader (drums, percussion, guitar, vocals) of the Latin jazz band Trio Mundo.

External links
A Day with Mannolo Badrena, interview by Alex Pertout [1] Review of Trio Mundo's 2004 album, "Rides Again". [2] Meinl Percussion Artist Manolo Badrena, USA [3] Weather Report @ MySpace [4] Weather Report "Teen Town" live video w/ Badrena from Midnight Special [5]

Video of Badrena solo with Gustavo Casenave Trio [6] Video of Vicki Genfan CD Release Party w/ Manolo Badrena [7] http://www.amazon.co.uk/product-reviews/B001L9EXPM/ref=dp_top_cm_cr_acr_txt?ie=UTF8& showViewpoints=1 Review of Manolo DVD - All that Percussion

References
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] http:/ / pertout. customer. netspace. net. au/ manolobadrena. htm http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ article. php?id=14627 http:/ / www. meinlpercussion. com/ index. php?id=291 http:/ / www. myspace. com/ weatherreport22 http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=wDQlSSOXU6A http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=fA80GjuYTLI http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=NjapPvQdAUY

Peter Erskine

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Peter Erskine
Peter Erskine

Peter Erskine & Michel Benita Background information Birth name Born Peter Erskine June 5, 1954 Somers Point, New Jersey United States Somers Point, New Jersey, U.S. Jazz Drummer, composer drums percussion 1972present Stan Kenton Orchestra, Weather Report, Word of Mouth, Steely Dan, Maynard Ferguson, Kate Bush, Diana Krall, Eliane Elias, Queen Latifah, Linda Ronstadt www.petererskine.com [1]

Origin Genres Occupations Instruments

Years active Associated acts

Website

Peter Erskine (born June 5, 1954) is an American jazz drummer and composer. He has enjoyed a long and successful career as a session drummer, recording and touring with many famous jazz and rock artists, including Steely Dan. Erskine also produces teaching materials, such as books, videos, and online content.

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Biography
Peter Erskine was born in Somers Point, New Jersey, U.S.. He began playing the drums at the age of four. He graduated from the Interlochen Arts Academy[2] in Michigan, then studied percussion at Indiana University. His professional career started in 1972 when he joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra.[2] After three years with Kenton he joined Maynard Ferguson for two years. In 1978 he joined Weather Report,[2] [3] joining the legendary Jaco Pastorius to form a formidable rhythm section. After four years and five albums with Weather Report and the Jaco Pastorius big band Word of Mouth, he joined Steps Ahead. His big band recordings with the Bob Mintzer Big Band are excellent modern big band jazz/funk performances studied by many students of drums and drumming. His music-style spanning talent also features on Kate Bush's 2005 album Aerial, where Erskine teams with bass player Eberhard Weber. Diana Krall, Eliane Elias, Queen Latifah and Linda Ronstadt among many more still choose Peter for his multifaceted musicality. Even Scottish and Finnish Classical Orchestras have had him as a featured musician.

Wayne Shorter, (left) and Peter Erskine (right) performing with Weather Report (1981)

His playing style is characterized by a thorough dedication to time-keeping and swing, a great dynamic spectrum and an ability to play several styles of music very sensitively. These qualities may be the reason for his very wide use as a session drummer in musical settings of great variety. Hence he could also be labeled as an "all-around drummer", in terms of musical styles he is capable of playing with skill. As a jazz drummer, his dedication to timekeeping makes his jazz playing sound quite modern, as he does not tend to play with "flexible" timekeeping as do most traditionalist jazz drummers. It remains a matter of personal opinion to be discussed whether he has thus brought jazz into the modern era of perfect timekeeping (a reference here is made to drum machines and electronic music with flawless metronomical timekeeping of today), or whether he diverges from traditional jazz drumming. Today, Erskine splits his time as a musician and that of a professor at the Thornton School of Music at the University of Southern California. In 1983, he performed on the Antilles Records release Swingrass '83.[4] In 2011 he appeared on stage at the Royal Opera House, London in the new opera Anna Nicole. [5]

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Discography
As leader
1982 Peter Erskine (Contemporary/OJC) 1987 Transition (Denon) 1988 Motion Poet (Denon) 1989 Aurora (Denon) 1990 Big Theatre (ah um) 1991 Sweet Soul (Fuzzy Music) 1992 You Never Know (ECM) 1993 Time Being (ECM) 1994 History Of The Drum (Interworld) 1995 As It Is (ECM) 1995 From Kenton to Now (Fuzzy Music) 1998 Lava Jazz (Fuzzy Music) 1998 Behind Closed Doors, Vol. 1 (Fuzzy Music) 1999 Juni (ECM) 2000 Live at Rocco (Fuzzy Music) 2002 Badlands (Fuzzy Music) 2003 Cologne (w/ Bill Dobbins and John Goldsby) (Fuzzy Music) 2005 The Lounge Art Ensemble: Music For Moderns (Fuzzy Music)

As sideman
1972 Stan Kenton: National Anthems of the World 1974 Stan Kenton: Fire, Fury, and Fun 1977 Maynard Ferguson: Conquistador 1978 Weather Report: Mr. Gone 1979 Weather Report: 8:30 1979 Joni Mitchell: Mingus 1979 Joe Farrell: Sonic Text 1979 Bobby Hutcherson: Un Poco Loco 1980 Weather Report: Night Passage 1980 George Cables: Cables Vision 1981 Jaco Pastorius: Birthday Concert 1982 Weather Report: Weather Report [1982] 1983 Steps Ahead: Steps Ahead 1983 Warren Bernhardt Trio: Warren Bernhardt Trio 1984 Steps Ahead: Modern Times 1985 Marc Johnson: Bass Desires 1985 John Abercrombie: Current Events 1987 Marc Johnson's Bass Desires: Second Sight 1987 John Abercrombie: Getting There 1988 John Abercrombie/Marc Johnson/Peter Erskine: John Abercrombie, Marc Johnson & Peter Erskine 1989 Christof Lauer: Christof Lauer

1989 Gary Burton: Reunion 1990 Kenny Wheeler: Music for Large and Small Ensembles 1990 Vince Mendoza: Start Here

Peter Erskine 1990 Don Grolnick: Weaver of Dreams 1991 Manhattan Jazz Quintet: Funky Strut 1991 Jan Garbarek: Star 1992 Eddie Daniels w/Gary Burton: Benny Rides Again 1992 Mendoza/Mardin Project: Jazzpaa 1992 Ralph Towner: Open Letter 1993 Vince Mendoza: Sketches 1994 Al Di Meola: Orange And Blue 1994 Mike Mainieri: American Diary 1994 Christoph Stiefel: Ancient Longing 1995 Steely Dan: Alive in America 1996 Nguyn L: Miracles 1997 Alessandro Galati: Jason Salad! 1998 Bob Mintzer Quartet: Quality Time 1998 Al Di Meola: The Infinite Desire 1999 Marty Ehrlich/Michael Formanek/Peter Erskine: Relativity 2000 John Abercrombie: The Hudson Project 2002 Diana Krall: The Look of Love 2003 Rolf Khn Internal Eyes 2003 Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band XXL 2004 Peter Erskine/Nguyn L/Michel Benita: E_L_B 2004 Mark-Anthony Turnage/John Scofield: Scorched 2004 Diana Krall: The Girl in the Other Room 2004 Pino Daniele Passi d'autore 2005 Kate Bush: Aerial 2005 Randy Brecker/Michael Brecker & the WDR Big Band: Some Skunk Funk 2005 Joe Zawinul: Weather Update 2007 Thomas Quasthoff: Watch What Happens 2008 Peter Erskine/Nguyn L/Michel Benita: E_L_B - Dream Flight 2010 Giorgio: Party Of The Century

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Books
Time Awareness The Erskine Method for Drumset My Book The Drum Perspective Drum Concepts and Techniques

Peter Erskine

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DVD
The Erskine Method for Drumset (Alfred Publishing Company)

References
[1] http:/ / www. petererskine. com [2] Wynn, Ron. "Peter Erskine: Biography" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p6464). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-06-04. [3] Wynn, Ron (2008-06-25). "Weather Report: Biography" (http:/ / www. allaboutjazz. com/ php/ musician. php?id=11224). All About Jazz. . Retrieved 2010-06-04. [4] Allmusic review (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r70265) [5] "Anna Nicole Review" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ music/ 2011/ feb/ 18/ anna-nicole-review). The Guardian. 2008-06-25. . Retrieved 2011-02-18.

External links
Official website: Peter Erskine.com (http://www.petererskine.com)

Omar Hakim

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Omar Hakim
Omar Hakim
Born 12 February 1959 New York City, New York Jazz, jazz fusion, pop music Musician Drums 1980 - Current

Genres Occupations Instruments Years active

Associated acts Weather Report

Omar Hakim (born February 12, 1959 in New York City, USA) is an American jazz, jazz fusion and pop music drummer. Hakim credits jazz vibraphonist Mike Mainieri with giving him his first break in 1980; Hakim appeared in a video with Mainieri called The Jazz Life and began working with singer Carly Simon through Mainieri. Hakim first came to major attention as a member of Weather Report and then Sting's Blue Turtles band, appearing in the film Bring On the Night. In 1984, Hakim did most of the drum work on Dire Straits' album Brothers in Arms, when the previous drummer Terry Williams' performance was found unsuitable for the desired sound of the album when most of the songs were already recorded. Hakim recorded all the drum tracks on the album in two days and then left. Williams was however back to the tour. Between 1988 and 1989 he appeared regularly as the house band drummer in The Sunday Night Band during the first half season of the acclaimed music performance program Sunday Night on NBC late-night television. [1] After being temporarily replaced by drummer J. T. Lewis for the remainder of that season, Hakim reappeared in the band for the second season in the fall of 1989, when the program returned under the new name Night Music.[2] Notable artists he has played with are Anita Baker, Sting, Weather Report, Mariah Carey, Madonna, David Bowie, Miles Davis, Chic, Aziza Mustafa Zadeh, Everything but the Girl, Marcus Miller, Kazumi Watanabe, Lee Ritenour, Bobby McFerrin, among others.

Multimedia
Sting - "I Burn For You" (1985) [3] Sting - "Driven To Tears" (1985) [4]

References
[1] [2] [3] [4] Sunday Night closing credits, episodes #104 (1988), #113 (1989) Night Music closing credits, episodes #201 (1988), #205 (1989) http:/ / www. drummerworld. com/ Videos/ omarhakimburn. mov http:/ / www. drummerworld. com/ Videos/ omarhakimdriven. mov

Omar Hakim

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External links
Drummerworld page (http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Omar_Hakim.html) Pearl Drum page (http://www.pearldrum.com/Artists/All-Artists.aspx?id=4)

Victor Bailey
Victor Bailey

Background information Born March 27, 1960 Philadelphia Jazz, Jazz fusion, Pop Bass guitar, double bass, keyboards, vocals 1980present

Genres Instruments Years active

Associated acts Weather Report Website Official website [1]

Notable instruments Fender Victor Bailey signature

Victor Bailey (born March 27, 1960 in Philadelphia) is an American bass guitar player.[2] Bailey attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston after being disqualified from naval service due to asthma.

As musician
Bailey has recorded and/or toured with Omar Hakim, Sonny Rollins, Miriam Makeba, Larry Coryell, Lenny White, Mike Stern, Dennis Chambers, Poogie Bell, Weather Report, Michael Brecker, LL Cool J, Kenny Garrett, Jim Beard, David Gilmore, Madonna, Mary J Blige, Steps Ahead, Sting, Hamiet Bluiet, Olu Dara, Don Alias, Sadao Watanabe, Michael Urbaniak, Ursula Dudziak, Roy Haynes, Tom Browne, Bobby Broom, Kenny Kirkland, Bernard Wright, Donald Blackman, Rene McClean, Kevin Eubanks, Tommy Campbell, Kenwood Dennard, Delmar Brown, Najee, Bennie Maupin, Patrice Rushen, Rayford Griffin and Nick Smith, Scott Peaker and David Fiuczynski among others.

Victor Bailey

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Gear
Fender has released a Victor Bailey Signature acoustic bass guitar,[3] as well as the Victor Bailey Jazz Bass (Artist series), available in 4, 5-string, fretted and fretless versions.[4] Bailey also uses Hartke amplifiers.

Discography
Bottom's Up, 1989 Low Blow, 1999 That's Right, 2001 Slippin' N' Trippin', 2010

References
[1] http:/ / www. victorbailey. com [2] "CBW: LARRY CORYELL/VICTOR BAILEY/LENNY WHITE "Traffic" Chesky - washingtonpost.com" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2007/ 02/ 08/ AR2007020800541. html). www.washingtonpost.com. February 9, 2007. . Retrieved 2008-06-16. [3] Fender Victor Bailey Signature 5-String Acoustic Electric Bass Guitar (Natural) (http:/ / bass-guitars. musiciansfriend. com/ product/ Fender-Victor-Bailey-Signature-5String-AcousticElectric-Bass?sku=514193) MusiciansFriend.com. Retrieved on 1-09-09. [4] Fender Victor Bailey Signature 4-String Electric Bass Guitar (Natural) (http:/ / bass-guitars. musiciansfriend. com/ product/ Fender-Victor-Bailey-Jazz-Bass-?sku=511026) MusiciansFriend.com.

Mino Cinelu
Mino Cinelu (born 1957) is a French musician. He plays multiple instruments; is a composer, programmer and producer; and is most widely known as a percussionist.

Biography
Cinelu was born in Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine. He was involved with music from childhood (his father and two brothers were musicians) and started spending time and playing in various concert halls (such as the Chapelle des Lombards) in the suburbs of Paris. He became interested in various styles of music such as jazz, rock, salsa and even in more esoteric varieties like Egyptian chants and Romani music. He would later expand his repertoire to include fado, flamenco, African music, Japanese music, and Slavic music.[1] The first instrument that Cinelu took to was the bongo drums, which led him to decide to try and live from his music. He often played the bongos in the streets where he first experimented with improvisation. At the end of the 1970s he became more and more interested in the French jazz fusion scene where he made many connections with other musicians and members of the music industry. At varying times he worked with Jef Gilson, Chute Libre, and Moravagine. Shortly thereafter he began playing with artists such as Bernard Lavilliers, Colette Magny, Gong, and Toto Bissainthe. In 1979 he moved to New York. After a difficult start he met several musicians living in and around the city such as George Benson, Wayne Shorter, Kenny Barron, and Cassandra Wilson. He continued to learn new instruments in different contexts; for example he played the bass in a gospel choir and earned some money by giving drum lessons. In the beginning of the 1980s he met Miles Davis while playing in a soul band at the New York club Mikkel's. Miles offered him a job as percussionist in his group, playing alongside the group's drummer Al Foster. After a month of rehearsals, Cinelu went on tour with Miles Davis' band. His stint with Miles Davis led to more recognition; during a concert at the Hollywood Bowl, Joe Zawinul contacted him to join Weather Report as percussionist, which he accepted. During this period he began composing music, with

Mino Cinelu the help of WR members Wayne Shorter and Joe Zawinul. Cinelu also played with Michel Portal after Michel saw him play at the Thtre du Chtelet with Miles Davis. Starting in the 1990s Cinelu began working on a solo career. His first solo album self-titled Mino Cinelu was released in 2000. He followed it up with Quest Journey in 2002 and La californie in 2006.

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Discography
With Gong
Gazeuse! (1976)

With Miles Davis

We Want Miles (1982) Decoy (1984) Star People (1986)

With Weather Report

Sportin' Life (1985, Columbia Records) This is This! (1986, Columbia Records)

Solo career
World Trio (1995) With Kevin Eubanks and Dave Holland Mino Cinelu (2000) With Moun Madinina Quest Journey (2002) California (2006)

With other artists

Michael Portal - Turbulence, 1987 Sting - ...Nothing Like the Sun, 1987 Kenny Barron/Mino Cinelu - Swamp Sally, 1995 Layo & Bushwacka!/Mino Cinelu - Feels Closer, 2006^ Serge Fort - Thanks for All, Ella Productions 2004 Anna Maria Jopek - Farat, 2003

References
[1] Souvenirs d'un homme de mains, article take from Jazz Magazine, September 2007. A portion of the biography is sourced from an article in Jazz Magazine.

External links
Mino Cinelu's website (http://www.minocinelu.com) Quest Journey (http://www.voir.ca/musique/disque.aspx?iIDDisque=5591) Review of the Album 'Quest Journey'

Narada Michael Walden

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Narada Michael Walden

Narada Michael Walden (born Michael Walden on April 23, 1952 in Kalamazoo, Michigan) is an American producer, drummer, singer, and songwriter. He was given the name Narada by guru Sri Chinmoy in the early 1970s and his musical career spans three decades, in which he was awarded several gold, platinum and multi-platinum awards. Walden has also owned and operated Tarpan Studios, a well-known recording studio in San Rafael, California, since the mid-1980s.

Performing career
His stage career included appearances with John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra (where he replaced legendary drummer Billy Cobham),[1] , Jeff Beck (on Beck's album Wired) and Tommy Bolin Band. His first album, Garden of Love Light, was released in 1976 and included the track "Delightful", song from Tommy Bolin Band setlist. The lone single released from the album, it charted at #81 on the R&B charts in the spring of 1977. His 1979 album Awakening peaked at #15 on the R&B charts, spawning a Top 10 hit with "I Don't Want Nobody Else (To Dance With You )". Later that year, his album The Dance of Life yielded the Top 5 single "I Shoulda Loved Ya", which also made the UK Top 10 in 1980. "Gimme Gimme Gimme", his 1985 duet with Patti Austin, reached #1 in Sweden. In 1988, he scored another UK top 10 hit and a #1 US Dance hit, with "Divine Emotions" under the name Narada.

Achievements
Number one hits have included several collaborations Whitney Houston "How Will I Know" "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" "So Emotional" "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" "All the Man That I Need" Mariah Carey "I Don't Wanna Cry Aretha Franklin "Freeway of Love" Aretha Franklin & George Michael "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (duet) Diana Ross "Take Me Higher" Regina Belle "Baby, Come to Me" Starship "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" Lisa Fischer "How Can I Ease the Pain" Tevin Campbell

Narada Michael Walden "Tell Me What You Want Me to Do" Al Jarreau "Heaven & Earth" He has contributed to a diverse range of musical genres including rock, jazz, pop, R&B and fusion. He was awarded Grammys for Producer of the Year in 1987,[1] Album of the Year for the movie soundtrack The Bodyguard in 1993[1] and the Song of the Year in 1985 for Aretha Franklin's "Freeway of Love." He was also named as one of the "Top Ten Producers With the Most Number One Hits" by Billboard magazine.

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Discography
Albums
Garden of Love Light - 1976 I Cry, I Smile - 1977 Awakening - 1979 The Dance of Life - 1979 Victory - 1980 Confidence - 1982 Looking At You, Looking At Me - 1983 The Nature of Things - 1985 Divine Emotion - 1988

Singles
"Delightful" (1977) "Give Your Love a Chance" (1979) "I Don't Want Nobody Else (to Dance with You)" (1979) "I Shoulda Loved Ya" (1980) "Tonight I'm Alright" (1980) "The Real Thang" (1980) "Summer Lady" (1982) "Reach Out (I'll Be There)" (1983) "Gimme, Gimme, Gimme" (1985) "Divine Emotions" (as Narada) (1988)

Soundtracks
Beverly Hills Cop II Perfect Licence to Kill The Bodyguard Jason's Lyric 9 Weeks Crooklyn Free Willy Mannequin

The Associate Now and Again

Narada Michael Walden Innerspace Bright Lights, Big City

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Other collaborations
Phyllis Hyman LaToya London ("Every Part of Me," "Learn to Breathe," and "State of My Heart") Stacy Lattisaw "Let Me Be Your Angel" album, "With You" album, Sneakin' Out album, "Sixteen" album and "Perfect Combination" album. Al Green ("Your Heart's in Good Hands") Shanice Wilson ("I Hate to Be Lonely", "Love Is The Gift" [English theme song found only in Square Enix's video game The Bouncer]) Ray Charles Diana Ross ("If You're Not Gonna Love Me Right", "I Will Survive") Wild Orchid Tevin Campbell (Tell Me What You Want Me To Do) Angela Bofill MyTown ("Love Sent Angel" from Mytown) Steve Winwood ("Junction Seven" album) Phaze II Andy Vargas Debelah Morgan Jai Jermaine Stewart ("We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off") Natalie Cole ("Good to Be Back") Clarence Clemons Puff Johnson Eddie Murphy ("Put Your Mouth On Me") Carl Carlton ("The Bad CC") Robert Fripp ("Exposure") Weather Report ("Black Market") Michelle Gayle ("Sweetness", "Freedom", "Happy Just To Be With You", "Baby Don't Go", "All Night Long") Amii Stewart Allan Holdsworth ("Velvet Darkness" LP, CD) Jeff Beck, album "Wired" Sister Sledge, album "All American Girls" Sheena Easton, ("So Far, So Good", from the Original Soundtrack of the movie "About Last Night", No Sound but a Heart LP) Tommy Bolin, ("Marching Powder") Jaco Pastorius ("Come On, Come Over") Pia Zadora ("Pia Z")

Narada Michael Walden

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References
[1] Hogan, Ed. "Narada Michael Walden: Biography" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p105590). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-03-24.

External links
Official website of Narada Michael Walden (http://naradamichaelwalden.com/) Official website of Narada Michael Walden's recording studio, Tarpan Studios (http://www.tarpanstudios.com/ ) Narada Michael Walden interview at Allaboutjazz.com (http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news. php?id=75318)

74

Studio albums
Weather Report (1971)
Weather Report

Studio album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label May 1971 February 16 March 17, 1971 Jazz fusion 40:05 Original and 1992 Reissue: Columbia Records 2001 Remaster: Sony Reissue: John Snyder Professional reviews [1] Allmusic link [2] Robert Christgau (B) link Weather Report chronology

Producer

Weather Report (1971)

I Sing the Body Electric (1971)

Originally Released in May 1971, Weather Report was the debut album by the group of the same name. The album was reissued by Columbia Records in 1992. The album was digitally remastered by Vic Anesini in November 1991 at Sony Music Studios in New York City, and then released again under the Sony International label. The style of music on this album can be described as avant-garde jazz with electric instruments. It continues the style of Miles Davis album Bitches Brew (on which Zawinul and Shorter played) but in a more ambient setting and largely acoustic.

Weather Report (1971)

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Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. "Milky Way" (Shorter, Zawinul) 2:33 "Umbrellas" (Shorter, Vitous, Zawinul) 3:27 "Seventh Arrow" (Vitous) 5:23 "Orange Lady" (Zawinul) 8:44 "Morning Lake" (Vitous) 4:26 "Waterfall" (Zawinul) 6:20 "Tears" (Shorter) 3:25 "Eurydice" (Shorter) 5:45

Personnel
Joe Zawinul Electric and acoustic piano Wayne Shorter Soprano saxophone Miroslav Vitous Electric and acoustic bass Alphonse Mouzon Drums, voice Airto Moreira Percussion

Other musicians
Barbara Burton Percussion (uncredited) Don Alias Percussion (uncredited)

Awards
"Jazz Album of the Year," Down Beat Readers Poll. Swing Journal magazine Grand Prix Award (a gold record given for winning the Journal's Readers' and Critics' polls).

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Weather Report [3]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149940 [2] http:/ / www. robertchristgau. com/ get_artist. php?name=weather+ report [3] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Weather%20Report%201971. html

I Sing the Body Electric

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I Sing the Body Electric

I Sing the Body Electric

Studio album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label May 1972 November 1971 - January 13, 1972 Jazz fusion 46:28 Columbia Professional reviews [1] Allmusic link [2] Robert Christgau (B) link Weather Report chronology

Weather Report (1971)

I Sing the Body Electric (1971)

Live in Tokyo (1972)

I Sing the Body Electric is the second album released by Weather Report from 1972. The album includes two new members of the band: percussionist Dom Um Romo and drummer Eric Gravatt. The last three tracks were recorded live in concert in Tokyo, Japan on January 13, 1972. These tracks have been edited for this album and can be heard in their entirety on Weather Report's 1972 import album Live in Tokyo. The album takes its title from an 1855 poem by Walt Whitman, also a 1969 short story by Ray Bradbury.

I Sing the Body Electric

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Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Unknown Soldier (Zawinul) 8:00 The Moors (Shorter) 4:45 Crystal (Vitous) 7:25 Second Sunday In August (Zawinul) 4:13 Medley: Vertical Invader (Zawinul) /T.H. (Vitous) /Dr. Honoris Causa (Zawinul) 10:40 Surucuc (Shorter) 7:42 Directions (Zawinul) 4:36

Personnel
Weather Report
Josef Zawinul - Electric and acoustic piano, ARP 2600 synthesizer Wayne Shorter - Saxophones Miroslav Vitous - Bass Eric Gravatt - drums

Dom Um Romo - Percussion

Special Guests
Andrew White - English horn ("Unknown Soldier" only) Wilmer Wise - D and piccolo trumpet Ralph Towner - 12-string guitar ("The Moors" only) Yolande Bavan - Voice Joshie Armstrong - Voice Chapman Roberts - Voice

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: I Sing the Body Electric [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149931 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ I%20Sing. html

Sweetnighter

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Sweetnighter
Sweetnighter

Studio album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label 1973 February 3, 1973 - February 7, 1973 Jazz fusion 44:41 Columbia Professional reviews [1] Allmusic link [2] Robert Christgau (B) link Weather Report chronology

Live in Tokyo (1972)

Sweetnighter (1973)

Mysterious Traveller (1974)

Sweetnighter is Weather Report's third studio album, released on Columbia Records in 1973. The group had recorded the songs in a five day stretch during February of the same year. It was to be the last album to feature founding member Miroslav Vitous as the primary bassist.

Sweetnighter

79

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. "Boogie Woogie Waltz" (Zawinul) 13:06 "Manolete" (Traditional) 5:58 "Adios" (Madriguera, Woods) 3:02 "125th Street Congress" (Zawinul) 12:16 "Will" (Vitou) 6:22 "Non-Stop Home" (Shorter) 3:53

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - Electric and acoustic piano, synthesizer Wayne Shorter - Soprano and tenor sax Miroslav Vitou - Electric and acoustic bass Eric Gravatt - Drums (tracks 2, 4 and 6) Dom Um Romo - Percussion

with Muruga Booker - Percussion Andrew White - Electric bass (tracks 1, 4 and 6), English horn (tracks 3 and 5) Herschel Dwellingham - Drums (tracks 1, 2, 3 and 6)

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Sweetnighter [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149937 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Sweetnighter. html

Mysterious Traveller

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Mysterious Traveller
Mysterious Traveller

Studio album by Weather Report Released 1974

Recorded February 1974 - May 1974 Devonshire Sound, North Hollywood, California Genre Length Label Jazz fusion 48:11 Columbia

Producer Wayne Shorter, Josef Zawinul Professional reviews [1] Allmusic link [2] Robert Christgau (B) link Weather Report chronology

Sweetnighter (1973)

Mysterious Traveller (1974)

Tale Spinnin' (1975)

Mysterious Traveller is the fourth release of Weather Report. This album marked the end of bassist Miroslav Vitous's tenure with the band. Vitous was replaced by Alphonso Johnson. Another addition to the line-up is drummer Ishmael Wilburn. Greg Errico was the drummer for the tour between the previously released Sweetnighter and this album, but declined an invitation to be a permanent member of the band.

Mysterious Traveller

81

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Nubian Sundance (Zawinul) 10:40 American Tango (Vitous, Zawinul) 3:40 Cucumber Slumber (Johnson, Zawinul) 8:22 Mysterious Traveller (Shorter) 7:21 Blackthorn Rose (Shorter) 5:03 Scarlet Woman (Johnson, Shorter, Zawinul) 5:46 Jungle Book (Zawinul) 7:25

The Mastersound SBM edition of Mysterious Traveller includes a previously unreleased song, Miroslav's Tune, as a bonus track at the end of the album.

Personnel
Weather Report: Josef Zawinul - Electric and acoustic piano, synthesizer, guitar, kalimba, organ, tamboura, clay drum, tack piano, melodica Wayne Shorter - Soprano and tenor saxophone, tack piano Miroslav Vitou - Bass (track 2 only) Alphonso Johnson - Bass Ishmael Wilburn - Drums Skip Hadden - Drums (tracks 1 and 4 only) Dom Um Romo - Percussion, drums

Guests: Ray Barretto - Percussion (track 3 only) Meruga - Percussion (track 1 only) Steve Little - Timpani (track 6 only) Don Ashworth - Ocarinas and woodwinds (track 7 only) Isacoff - Tabla, finger cymbals (track 7 only) Edna Wright - Vocalists (track 1 only) Marti McCall - Vocalists (track 1 only) Jessica Smith - Vocalists (track 1 only) James Gilstrad - Vocalists (track 1 only) Billie Barnum - Vocalists (track 1 only)

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Mysterious Traveller [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149933 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Mysterious%20Traveller. html

Tale Spinnin'

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Tale Spinnin'
Tale Spinnin'

Studio album by Weather Report Released 1975

Recorded February 1975 - April 4, 1975 Wally Heider Studios, Los Angeles, California Genre Length Label Jazz fusion 43:01 Columbia

Producer Wayne Shorter, Josef Zawinul Professional reviews [1] Allmusic link [2] Robert Christgau (B-) link Weather Report chronology

Mysterious Traveller (1974)

Tale Spinnin' (1975)

Black Market (1976)

Tale Spinnin' is Weather Report's fifth album, featuring the addition of Leon "Ndugu" Chancellor on the drums. Ndugu was recruited after Zawinul heard him play with Carlos Santana and liked what he heard. Weather Report was recording next door to Ndugu in the studio. He was asked to join them for a recording session. That session ended up lasting a week and produced Tale Spinnin'. After the record, Ndugu was asked to join the band as a permanent member, but declined in favor of continuing to work with Carlos Santana.

Tale Spinnin'

83

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. "Man in the Green Shirt" (Zawinul) 6:29 "Lusitanos" (Shorter) 7:25 "Between the Thighs" (Zawinul) 9:33 "Badia" (Zawinul) 5:21 "Freezing Fire" (Shorter) 7:29 "Five Short Stories" (Zawinul) 6:56

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - Rhodes piano, melodica, acoustic piano, TONTO synthesizer, ARP 2600 synthesizer, organ, steel drums, out, mzuthra, vocals, West Africk, xylophone, cymbals Wayne Shorter - Soprano and tenor saxophones Alphonso Johnson - Electric bass Leon "Ndugu" Chancler - Drums, tympani, marching cymbals Alyrio Lima - Percussion

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Tale Spinnin' [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149938 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Tale%20Spinnin. html

Black Market

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Black Market
Black Market

Studio album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label Producer April 1976 December 1975 January 1976 Jazz fusion, world 36:55 Columbia Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Tale Spinnin' (1975)

Black Market (1976)

Heavy Weather (1977)

Black Market is an instrumental jazz fusion album released by Weather Report in 1976. This album was produced by Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter. It was recorded in December 1975 and released in April 1976 through Columbia Records. Columbia released it again as a digitally-remastered CD in 1991. This is Weather Report's sixth album and the first with the bass player Jaco Pastorius who features on two tracks. The album draws heavily from African influences and its style could be described as "world fusion". The second song, "Cannon Ball" is tribute to Zawinul's then recently deceased former band leader, saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley.

Black Market

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Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. "Black Market" (J. Zawinul) 6:28 "Cannon Ball" (J. Zawinul) 4:36 "Gibraltar" (J. Zawinul) 8:16 "Elegant People" (W. Shorter) 5:03 "Three Clowns" (W. Shorter) 3:31 "Barbary Coast" (J. Pastorius) 3:19 "Herandnu" (A. Johnson) 6:36

Personnel
Joe Zawinul 2 ARP 2600, Rhodes electric piano, Yamaha grand piano, Oberheim polyphonic synthesizer Wayne Shorter Selmer soprano and tenor saxophones, Computone Lyricon Alphonso Johnson Fender electric bass, Charles La Boe electric bass (tracks 1,3,4,5,7) Jaco Pastorius Fender Fretless electric bass (tracks 2,6) Chester Thompson Ludwig drums Narada Michael Walden Drums

Don Alias Congas and percussion Alejandro Neciosup Acua LP congas and percussion

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Black Market [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149927 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Black%20Market. html

Heavy Weather

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Heavy Weather
Heavy Weather

Studio album by Weather Report Released March 1977

Recorded Late 1976 Early 1977 at the Devonshire Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California Genre Length Label Jazz fusion 37:39 Columbia

Producer Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius and Weather Report Professional reviews [1] Rolling Stone (NR) link [2] Allmusic link Weather Report chronology

Black Market (1976)

Heavy Weather (1977)

Mr. Gone (1978)

Heavy Weather is Weather Report's seventh album, released in 1977 through Columbia Records. It is the band's second album with bassist Jaco Pastorius. On Black Market, Pastorius played on two of the seven tracks, but here he is a full member of the band. It is on the short list of LPs considered to be the greatest of all Jazz-Fusion recordings. Featuring the jazz standard "Birdland", the album is one of the best-sellers in the Columbia jazz catalog. Heavy Weather is considered a landmark album in the jazz-rock or fusion movement of the 1970s. Its opening track, "Birdland", was a significant commercial success, something not typical of instrumental music. The Birdland melody had been performed live by the band as part of Dr Honoris Causa, which was from Zawinul's eponymous solo album. A striking feature of Birdland is Pastorius picking harmonics on his fretless bass, although recordings exist of live performance of the theme prior to Pastorius joining the band when it was purely a keyboard section.

Heavy Weather

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Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. "Birdland" (Zawinul) 5:57 "A Remark You Made" (Zawinul) 6:51 "Teen Town" (Pastorius) 2:51 "Harlequin" (Shorter) 3:59 "Rumba Mam" (Badrena/Acua) 2:11 "Palladum" (Shorter) 4:46 "The Juggler" (Zawinul) 5:03 "Havona" (Pastorius) 6:01

Personnel
Joe Zawinul 2 ARP 2600, Rhodes electric piano, Yamaha grand piano, Oberheim polyphonic synthesizer, vocal, melodica, guitar, tabla Wayne Shorter Soprano and tenor saxophones Jaco Pastorius Electric bass, mandocello, vocals, drums, steel drums Alex Acua Drum set, congas, tom-toms, handclaps Manolo Badrena Tambourine, congas, vocal, timbales, percussion

Chart positions
Billboard Music Charts (North America) - album 1977 Heavy Weather: Jazz Albums : No. 1 1977 Heavy Weather: Pop Albums : No. 30 1977 Heavy Weather: Black Albums : No. 33

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Heavy Weather [3]

References
[1] http:/ / www. rollingstone. com/ reviews/ album/ 136065/ review/ 6067591?utm_source=Rhapsody& utm_medium=CDreview [2] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149930 [3] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Heavy%20Weather. html

Mr. Gone

88

Mr. Gone
Mr. Gone

Studio album by Weather Report Released 1978

Recorded May 1978 Devonshire Sound Studios, North Hollywood, California Genre Length Label Jazz fusion, disco 37:15 Columbia

Producer Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Heavy Weather (1977)

Mr. Gone (1978)

8:30 (1979)

Mr. Gone is Weather Report's eighth studio album, and is perhaps best known for receiving a "one-star" rating by Down Beat magazine. According to Down Beat magazine, "Zawinul, Shorter, et al. have made the controversial music a commercial product; unfortunately ... Weather Report has over-orchestrated its sound." The album was quickly certified Gold, being the follow-up to the widely successful Heavy Weather and topped out at #52 on the Billboard music charts.

Mr. Gone

89

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The Pursuit of the Woman with the Feathered Hat (Zawinul) 5:03 River People (Pastorius) 4:50 Young and Fine (Zawinul) 6:55 The Elders (Shorter) 4:21 Mr. Gone (Zawinul) 5:26 Punk Jazz (Pastorius) 5:09 Pinocchio (Shorter) 2:26 And Then (Zawinul) 3:22

Personnel
Weather Report: Joe Zawinul - modified Rhodes 88 electric piano, two ARP 2600 synthesizers, Oberheim polyphonic synthesizer, Sequential Circuits Prophet 5 synthesizer, Mu-Tron Bi-Phase and Mu-Tron Volume Wah effects, kalimba, thumbeki drums, sleigh bells, melodica, high hat, voice, acoustic piano Wayne Shorter - Tenor and soprano saxophone, voice (track 1) Jaco Pastorius - Bass, drums (tracks 1 and 2), voice (tracks 1, 2 and 5), timpani (track 2) Peter Erskine - Drums (tracks 1 and 7), hi-hat (track 3) Manolo Badrena - Percussion, Voice (track 1 only) with Tony Williams - Drums (tracks 5 and 6) Steve Gadd - Drums (tracks 3 and 8) Guests: Jon Lucien - Voice (track 1 only) Deniece Williams - Voice (track 8 only) Maurice White - Vocal (track 8 only)

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Mr. Gone [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149932 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Mr. %20Gone. html

Night Passage

90

Night Passage
Night Passage

Live album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label Producer 1980 The Complex, Los Angeles, California Jazz fusion 48:05 Columbia Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

8:30 (1979)

Night Passage (1980)

Weather Report (1982)

Night Passage is Weather Report's third live album, released in 1980. It was recorded live over two nights (July 12-13, 1980) at The Complex studios in Los Angeles for a crowd of 250 people. The album brings about a new member to the band, percussionist Robert Thomas Jr. Night Passage loses the over-done production layers of some of Weather Report's earlier releases (most notably 1978's Mr. Gone). What is lost in layers of overdubs is made up in solo improvisation in the classic jazz tradition.

Night Passage

91

Trivia
"Three Views of a Secret" would be rerecorded for Jaco's solo album Word of Mouth.

Track listing
No. Title 1. "Night Passage" 2. "Dream Clock" 3. "Port of Entry" 4. "Forlorn" 5. "Rockin' in Rhythm" 6. "Fast City" Writer(s) Zawinul Zawinul Shorter Zawinul Ellington, Mills, Carney Zawinul Length 6:30 6:26 5:09 3:55 3:02 6:17 5:50 10:56

7. "Three Views of a Secret" Pastorius 8. "Madagascar" Zawinul

Personnel
Josef Zawinul Keyboards Wayne Shorter Saxophones Jaco Pastorius Bass Peter Erskine Drums Robert Thomas Jr. Hand drums

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Night Passage [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149934 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Night%20Passage. html

Weather Report (1982)

92

Weather Report (1982)

Weather Report (1982)

Studio album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length Label Producer February 1982 1981, The Power Station, New York Jazz fusion 41:04 Columbia Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Night Passage (1980)

Weather Report (1982)

Procession (1983)

Weather Report (1982) is the ninth album from the jazz group Weather Report. The band's first album is also self titled, causing confusion among consumers and retailers upon its release. It is the final album featuring Jaco Pastorius and Peter Erskine in the rhythm section of Weather Report bringing to an end what many fans considered the best lineup in the band's history. The center piece of the album is the three part "N.Y.C." The three movement suite starts with 41st Parallel, a bouncing groove showing off Erskine's unique touch on the drums. The second movement, The Dance, is a more traditional swing feel, but with Zawinul's synthesiser orchestration heavily laid on top. The final movement, Crazy About Jazz, is a cordial ending that fits its name in every way.

Weather Report (1982)

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Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. "Volcano for Hire" (Zawinul) 5:25 "Current Affairs" (Zawinul) 5:54 "N.Y.C. (41st Parallel/The Dance/Crazy About Jazz)" (Zawinul) 10:11 "Dara Factor One" (Zawinul) 5:25 "When It Was Now" (Shorter) 4:45 "Speechless" (Zawinul) 5:58 "Dara Factor Two" (Zawinul/Shorter/Pastorius/Erskine/Thomas Jr.) 4:27

Personnel
Josef Zawinul Electric keyboards, piano, clay drum, drum computer, percussion, voice, horn, woodwind, string and brass sounds Wayne Shorter Tenor and soprano saxophones Jaco Pastorius Bass guitar, percussion, voice Peter Erskine Drums, drum computer, claves Robert Thomas Jr. Percussion

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Weather Report (1982) [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r347199 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Weather%20Report%201982. html

Procession

94

Procession
Procession

Studio album by Weather Report Released Genre Length Label Producer 1983 Jazz fusion 39:36 Columbia Records Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Weather Report (1982)

Procession (1983)

Domino Theory (1984)

Procession is the tenth studio album from Weather Report. It is the first album to feature the newest lineup of Weather Report. Victor Bailey replaced Jaco Pastorius as the bassist and Omar Hakim replaced Peter Erskine as the drummer. Jos Rossy was also added to the line up as percussionist. Omar Hakim is credited with finding Bailey and Rossy, they were all signed with Weather Report before Zawinul or Shorter even met them. This is one of the band's finest albums according to many fans and critics.

Procession

95

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Procession (Zawinul) 8:42 Plaza Real (Shorter) 5:30 Two Lines (Zawinul) 7:43 Where The Moon Goes (Zawinul, Lyrics by Nan O'Byrne and Zawinul ) 7:50 The Well (Shorter, Zawinul) 4:00 Molasses Run (Hakim) 5:49

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - Keyboards and synthesizers Wayne Shorter - Tenor and soprano saxophones Omar Hakim - Drums, guitar and vocals Victor Bailey - Bass Jos Rossy - Percussion and concertina

with The Manhattan Transfer - Vocals on "Where The Moon Goes"

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Procession [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149935 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Procession. html

Domino Theory

96

Domino Theory
Domino Theory

Studio album by Weather Report Released Genre Length Label Producer February, 1984 Jazz fusion 47:14 Columbia Records Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter, Omar Hakim Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Procession (1983)

Domino Theory (1984)

Sportin' Life (1985)

Domino Theory is the eleventh studio album by Weather Report. It is the second album to feature the Hakim-Bailey-Rossy rhythm section.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Joe Zawinul; except where indicated 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Can It Be Done (Wilson Tee) 4:02 D Flat Waltz 11:10 The Peasant 8:16 Predator (Wayne Shorter) 5:21 Blue Sound - Note 3 6:52 Swamp Cabbage (Wayne Shorter) 5:22 Domino Theory 6:09

Domino Theory

97

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - keyboards and synthesizers Wayne Shorter - saxophones Omar Hakim - drums Victor Bailey - bass Jos Rossy - percussion Carl Anderson - vocals on "Can It Be Done"

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Domino Theory [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149929 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Domino%20Theory. html

Sportin' Life

98

Sportin' Life
See Sportin' Life for information about the Mink DeVille album by this name.

Sportin' Life

Studio album by Weather Report Released Label Producer March, 1985 Columbia Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Domino Theory (1984)

Sportin' Life (1985)

This is This! (1986)

Sportin' Life is the twelfth studio album by Weather Report, released in 1985. Although featuring many more vocal performances than any of their previous albums, words are rare and most vocals are chants from Bobby McFerrin or Carl Anderson. The album is named after a character from Porgy and Bess.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Joe Zawinul; except where indicated 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. "Corner Pocket" 5:46 "Indiscretions" 4:05 "Hot Cargo" 4:41 "Confians" (Cinelu) 5:07 "Pearl On the Half Shell" (Shorter) 4:06 "What's Going On" (Renaldo Benson, Alfred Cleveland, Marvin Gaye) 6:29 "Face on the Barroom Floor" (Shorter) 3:59 "Ice-Pick Willy" 5:00

Sportin' Life

99

Personnel
Weather Report Josef Zawinul - Keyboards Wayne Shorter - Saxophones Omar Hakim - Drums, background vocals on Confians Victor Bailey - Bass, background vocals on Confians Mino Cinlu - Percussion, lead vocal and acoustic guitar on Confians

Guests Bobby McFerrin - Vocalist (tracks 1, 3, 5, and 8) Carl Anderson - Vocalist (tracks 1, 3, and 8) Dee Dee Bellson - Vocalist (tracks 1, 3, and 8) Alfie Silas - Voice (tracks 1, 3, and 8)

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Sportin' Life [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149936 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Sportin%20Life. html

This Is This!

100

This Is This!
This Is This!

Studio album by Weather Report Released Genre Length Label Producer June, 1986 Jazz fusion 45:41 Columbia Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Sportin' Life (1985)

This Is This! (1986)

Live and Unreleased (2002)

This Is This! is the thirteenth and final studio album by Weather Report. The band thought that they had fulfilled their contract with Columbia Records with the release of the previous album Sportin' Life. This, however, was not the case and the band had to release one more record. Along with Sportin' Life, this record is considered by many to be their weakest, despite some inspired compositions and playing on some of the tracks on both albums. (The requirement from CBS to make an album was largely behind its creation.)

This Is This!

101

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. "This Is This" (Zawinul) 7:06 "Face the Fire" (Zawinul) 2:34 "I'll Never Forget You" (Zawinul) 7:51 "Jungle Stuff, Part 1" (Cinelu) 4:43 "Man With the Copper Fingers" (Zawinul) 6:12 "Consequently" (Bailey) 4:56 "Update" (Zawinul) 6:08 "China Blues" (Zawinul) 6:11

Personnel
Weather Report Josef Zawinul - Keyboards Wayne Shorter - Saxophones Victor Bailey - Bass Mino Cinelu - Percussion, Vocals

Peter Erskine - Drums Omar Hakim - Drums on "Consequently" Special Guests Carlos Santana - Guitar on "This Is This" & "Man With the Copper Fingers" Marva Barnes - Vocals Colleen Coil - Vocals Siedah Garrett - Vocals Darryl Phinnessee - Vocals

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: This Is This! [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r149939 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ This%20Is%20This. html

102

Live albums
Live in Tokyo
Live in Tokyo

Live album by Weather Report Released 1972

Recorded Shibuya Kokaido Hall, Tokyo, Japan, January 13, 1972 Genre Length Label Jazz fusion 88:29 Columbia

Producer Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

I Sing the Body Electric (1972)

Live in Tokyo (1972)

Sweetnighter (1973)

Live in Tokyo is Weather Report's first live album released. It was recorded on January 13, 1972. It was one of five sold out concerts played in Japan during January 1972. I Sing the Body Electric contained several tracks that were edited for the studio album, but can be heard as they were performed, in their entirety, on this live album.

Live in Tokyo

103

Track listing
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. "'Medley: Vertical Invader/Seventh Arrow/T.H./Doctor Honoris Causa'" (Vitous, Zawinul) 26:14 "'Medley: Surucucu/Lost/Early Minor/Directions'" (Shorter, Zawinul) 19:19 "'Orange Lady'" (Zawinul) 18:14 "'Medley: Eurydice/The Moors'" (Shorter) 13:49 "'Medley: Tears/Umbrellas'" (Shorter, Zawinul) 10:54

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - Electric and acoustic piano Wayne Shorter - Saxophones Miroslav Vitous - Bass Eric Gravatt - Drums Dom Um Romo - Percussion

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Live in Tokyo [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r164880 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Live%20in%20Tokyo. html

8:30

104

8:30
8:30

Live album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Label Producer 1979 January-February 1979 Jazz fusion Columbia Joe Zawinul, Jaco Pastorius Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Mr. Gone (1978)

8:30 (1979)

Night Passage (1980)

8:30 is an album by the jazz fusion group Weather Report. It was recorded live except for tracks 10-13, which were studio recorded. Among other titles, it features a live version of the group's signature piece "Birdland". The album won a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance.

History
The album takes its name from the band's habit of starting their performance at 8:30 pm. At the time of the tour, the band were a four piece who would take the stage continuously for around two and a half hours, each of the members taking a solo spot to give not just a virtuoso performance, but to give the others a break. Wayne Shorter sometimes plays percussion instead of saxophone on stage, and on one of the studio tracks, the calypso inspired "Brown Street", Joe Zawinul's son Erich plays percussion along with Erskine and Pastorius. The 8:30 tour saw Weather Report at the height of their commercial success, and the playlist leant heavily on the recent successes, "Black Market", "Birdland" and "Teen Town".

8:30 Jaco Pastorius played a notable solo, "Slang", which melded a multi-part bass solo using tape loops, leading into references to "Third Stone from the Sun" by Jimi Hendrix, "Portrait of Tracy" from his own solo work, then onto "(The Hills are Alive with) The Sound of Music". He finished off playing his bass with its own strap. The album was originally a double gatefold LP but the reissue on CD dropped a track, "Scarlet Woman", and was released as a single CD. In Japan, the album has been released as a 2-CD set with all the tracks of the original.

105

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Joe Zawinul, except where noted.
Side One No. Title 1. "Black Market" 2. "Scarlet Woman" (Alphonso Johnson/Shorter/Zawinul) Length 9:47 8:42

Side Two No. Title 1. "Teen Town" (Jaco Pastorius) 2. "A Remark You Made" 3. "Slang" (Jaco Pastorius) 4. "In a Silent Way" Length 8:01 6:55 4:45 2:47

Side Three No. Title 1. "Birdland" 2. "Thanks for the Memory" (Leo Robin/Ralph Rainger) 3. "Medley: Badia/Boogie Woogie Waltz" Length 7:13 3:33 9:32

Side Four No. Title 1. "8:30" 2. "Brown Street" (Zawinul/Wayne Shorter) 3. "The Orphan" 4. "Sightseeing" (Wayne Shorter) Length 2:36 8:34 3:17 5:34

8:30

106

Personnel
Peter Erskine drums Jaco Pastorius bass, drums on "8:30" & "Brown Street" Wayne Shorter tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone Erich Zawinul percussion on "Brown Street" Joe Zawinul bass, keyboards, producer, vocoder The West Los Angeles Christian Academy Children's Choir - vocals on "The Orphan"

External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: 8:30 [2]

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r821862 [2] http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ Eight-Thirty. html

Live and Unreleased

107

Live and Unreleased

Live and Unreleased

Live album by Weather Report Released Recorded Genre Length October 1, 2002 November 25, 1975 - June 3, 1983 Jazz fusion Total: 131:31 Disc One: 61:13 Disc Two: 70:25 Columbia Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Label Producer

Weather Report chronology

This is This! (1986)

Live and Unreleased (2002)

Forecast: Tomorrow (2006)

Live and Unreleased is a compilation of live recordings of Weather Report. The tracks are taken from live performances that took place from November 25, 1975 to June 3, 1983. Since its skill at live improvisation made up a large part of the band's appeal, its perhaps surprising that this is only their third official live recording (the previous two were 1972's Live in Tokyo and 1979's 8:30). Although this collection gives a very good representation of the breadth of the band's performances over a considerable period of time, the sequencing of the tracks can be confusing for the listener, since there is usually little or no relationship between one track (and its associated date, venue and band line-up) and the next.

Live and Unreleased

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Track listing
Disc One Track Title "Freezing Fire" "Plaza Real" "Fast City" "Portrait Of Tracy" "Elegant People" "Cucumber Slumber" "Teen Town" "Man In The Green Shirt" Composer W. Shorter W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Pastorius W. Shorter Track Length Year Recorded 8:14 7:04 6:49 5:57 4:28 1975 1983 1980 1977 1977 1975 1977 1975

A. Johnson, J. Zawinul 11:39 J. Pastorius J. Zawinul Disc Two 6:30 10:31

Track Title "Black Market" "Where The Moon Goes" "River People" "Two Lines" "Cigano" "In A Silent Way/Waterfall" "Night Passage" "Port Of Entry" "Rumba Mama"

Composer J. Zawinul

Track Length Year Recorded 9:26 1977 1983 1978 1983 1975 1978 1980 1980 1977 1975

J. Zawinul, N. O'Byrne 12:05 J. Pastorius J. Zawinul W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Zawinul W. Shorter 6:57 8:15 3:59 5:45 5:53 8:08

A. Acuna, M. Badrena 1:15 8:38

"Directions/Dr. Honoris Causa" J. Zawinul

Personnel
Josef Zawinul - keyboards, Synthesizer, Piano Wayne Shorter - saxophones Jaco Pastorius - Bass Alphonso Johnson - Bass Victor Bailey - Bass Chester Thompson - drums Omar Hakim - drums Peter Erskine - drums Alex Acua - percussion Manolo Badrena - percussion Jose Rossy - percussion

Live and Unreleased

109

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r605416

110

Compilations
Forecast: Tomorrow
Forecast: Tomorrow

Compilation album by Weather Report Released September 19, 2006

Recorded 1969 - 1985 Genre Length Jazz fusion Total: 223:37 Disc One: 78:38 Disc Two: 68:51 Disc Three: 76:08 Columbia

Label

Producer Bob Belden, Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter Professional reviews Allmusic link [1]

Weather Report chronology

Live and Unreleased (2002)

Forecast: Tomorrow (2006)

Forecast: Tomorrow is a 3-CD/1-DVD career-spanning compilation of recordings of Weather Report. The 37 tracks are presented chronologically, beginning with three tracks preWeather Report, from ensemble duties with Miles Davis (both Zawinul and Shorter), Cannonball Adderley (Zawinul), and from a Shorter solo album. In addition to one unreleased track, the set closes with DJ Logic's remix of a Weather Report track.

Forecast: Tomorrow The 4th disc in the package is a 2-hour DVD of a concert in Offenbach am Main, on September 29, 1978 for the German TV program Rockpalast. The boxed set includes a 100-page book with notes on the set by compiler Bob Belden, a long essay on the band by Hal Miller, and a reminiscence of the 1978 concert by drummer Peter Erskine.

111

CD Track listing
Disc One Track Title Composer Track Length 4:17 4:48 5:42 Year Recorded 1969 1969 1970 Original Release

"In a Silent Way" "Super Nova" "Experience in E Major" (Excerpt)

J. Zawinul W. Shorter J. Zawinul

In a Silent Way, Miles Davis Super Nova, Wayne Shorter Domination, Cannonball Adderley Weather Report Weather Report Weather Report Weather Report I Sing the Body Electric first release Live in Tokyo, I Sing the Body Electric I Sing the Body Electric Sweetnighter

"Milky Way" "Tears" "Eurydice" (Full Version) "Orange Lady" "Unknown Soldier" "Directions" (Take 1) "Surucucu"

W. Shorter/J. Zawinul W. Shorter W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Zawinul J. Zawinul W. Shorter

2:31 3:23 10:44 8:42 7:58 5:29 8:19

1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972

"Second Sunday in August" "125th Street Congress"

J. Zawinul J. Zawinul Disc Two

4:12 12:14

1972 1973

Track Title

Composer

Track Length 13:05 5:01 5:21 4:38 6:33 3:24 6:01 5:58 4:47 5:03

Year Recorded 1974 1974 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1976 1978

Original Release

"Nubian Sundance" (Live) "Blackthorn Rose" "Badia" "Cannon Ball" "Black Market" "Three Clowns" "Havona" "Birdland" "Palladum" "The Pursuit of the Woman With the Feathered Hat" "The Orphan" "Sightseeing"

J. Zawinul W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Zawinul J. Zawinul W. Shorter J. Pastorius J. Zawinul W. Shorter J. Zawinul

First Release Mysterious Traveller Tale Spinnin' Black Market Black Market Black Market Heavy Weather Heavy Weather Heavy Weather Mr. Gone

W. Shorter/J. Zawinul W. Shorter Disc Three Track Title Composer

3:17 5:35

1979 1979

8:30 8:30

Track Length

Year Recorded

Original Release

Forecast: Tomorrow

112
J. Zawinul J. Pastorius W. Shorter J. Zawinul/W. Shorter/J. Pastorius/P. Erskine/R. Thomas J. Zawinul W. Shorter W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Zawinul W. Shorter W. Shorter J. Zawinul J. Zawinul 6:28 5:53 5:08 4:27 1980 1980 1980 1981 Night Passage Night Passage Night Passage Weather Report (1982)

"Dream Clock" "Three Views of a Secret" "Port of Entry" (Live) "Dara Factor Two"

"Procession" "Plaza Real" "The Well" "D-Flat Waltz" "Domino Theory" "Predator" "Face on the Barroom Floor" "Indiscretions" "125th Street Congress (DJ Logic Remix)"

8:42 5:28 3:57 11:12 6:10 5:20 3:58 4:06 5:04

1982 1982 1982 1984 1984 1984 1985 1985 1973/2005

Procession Procession Procession Domino Theory Domino Theory Domino Theory Sportin' Life Sportin' Life First Release

Personnel for the Offenbach Concert

Josef Zawinul - keyboards Wayne Shorter - saxophones Jaco Pastorius - bass Peter Erskine - drums

DVD Track listing

1. Black Market (Zawinul) 2. Scarlet Woman (Johnson/Zawinul/Shorter) 3. Young and Fine (Zawinul) 4. The Pursuit of the Woman With the Feathered Hat (Zawinul) 5. A Remark You Made (Zawinul) 6. River People (Pastorius) 7. Thanks for the Memories (Rainger/Robin) 8. Delores/Portrait of Tracy/Third Stone from the Sun (Shorter)/(Pastorius)/(Hendrix) 9. Mr. Gone (Zawinul) 10. In a Silent Way (Zawinul) 11. Waterfall (Zawinul) 12. Teen Town (Pastorius) 13. I Got It Bad and That Ain't Good/The Midnight Sun Will Never Set on You (Ellington/Webster)/(Burke/Hampton/Mercer) 14. Birdland (Zawinul) 15. Introductions 16. Fred & Jack (Erskine) 17. Elegant People (Shorter) 18. Badia (Zawinul)

Forecast: Tomorrow

113

References
[1] http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r854718/ review

114

Compositions
"Birdland"
"Birdland"
Singleby Weather Report from the album Heavy Weather Released 1977 Format Genre Length Label 7" and 12" single Jazz, fusion 03:45 Columbia, CBS, ARC

Writer(s) Joe Zawinul

"Birdland" is a jazz instrumental composition by keyboardist Joe Zawinul that debuted on the Weather Report album Heavy Weather in 1977. A jazz-fusion piece, it achieved unusual commercial success and became a jazz standard, entering the repertoire of many groups and bands, including Buddy Rich, Maynard Ferguson's big band, and The Manhattan Transfer, who recorded a vocalese take on the tune with lyrics by Jon Hendricks. An uptempo version (with a slight rap introduction) appears on Quincy Jones' 1989 album Back on the Block, with vocals by Kool Moe Dee, Big Daddy Kane, Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan. The original version is easily recognized by an artificial harmonic intro played by bassist Jaco Pastorius. "Birdland" was named after the New York jazz club Birdland on 52nd Street, which in turn was named after jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker, nicknamed "Bird". The song is a tribute to Parker and the club that Zawinul frequented as a young musician (and where he met his future wife).

Single
Single issues
The single has several issues, all with different cover, format and B-side (see the table below).[1] Year 1977 B-side "Birdland" Format 45 rpm 7" vinyl Label Columbia (3-10532) CBS (S CBS 12 7701) Country US UK Promo Note

1977 1. "River People" 4:47 45 rpm 12" 2. "A Remark You vinyl Made" 6:52 1977 "Birdland (Edit Version)" 45 rpm 7" vinyl 45 rpm 7" vinyl

CBS (CBS 5588) Netherlands Promo CBS (S CBS 5205) UK

1977 "The Juggler" (5:05)

"Birdland"

115 33 rpm 12" vinyl 33 rpm 12" vinyl ARC (AS 713) Old Gold (OG 4197) US UK Promo A-side: "The Groove" (4:55) by Rodney Franklin

1978 "Brown Street" (6:55) 1990 "Birdland" (5:55)

References
[1] "Weather Report - Birdland" (http:/ / www. discogs. com/ Weather-Report-Birdland/ master/ 170118). Discogs. . Retrieved 2010-05-18.

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Discography and lists

Discography
Weather Reportdiscography

Weather Report live June 11, 1981.

Releases Studio albums Live albums Compilation albums Singles B-sides Video albums Tribute and cover albums Unofficial releases 14 3 11 5 1 6 2 10

The discography of Weather Report, an influential American jazz band with a career lasting sixteen years between 1970 and 1986, consists of fourteen studio albums, three live albums, eleven compilation albums, five singles, one B-side, and six video albums.[1] [2] [3] [4] Weather Report's self-titled debut album Weather Report, released in 1971, caused a sensation in the jazz world and is still considered a classic of early fusion. It was awarded Album of the Year by Down Beat magazines polls that year.[5] In 1972 Weather Report released its second album, I Sing the Body Electric. The first side featured new studio recordings, while the second side was taken from live recordings of a concert in Tokyo, Japan.[6] On 1973's Sweetnighter, Weather Report began to take a new more funk and groove-oriented direction. Breakout album Mysterious Traveller, released in 1974, was the second of Weather Report's albums to win Down Beats "Album of the Year" award. Released in 1975, Tale Spinnin' was Weather Reports most solid album to date. It won the Down Beat best album award for 1975. By 1976's Black Market album, Weather Report's music had evolved further from open-ended funk jams into more melody and rock-oriented and concise forms. It continued Weather Reports ongoing run of success, selling well and being the fourth of the bands albums to win Down Beat's album of the year award. The bands next album was 1977s acclaimed Heavy Weather, which proved to be the band's most successful recording. It would dominate Weather Report's disc awards, including their last Down Beat "Album of the Year" award.

Discography By 1978 the band released its eighth album, Mr. Gone. It received only a 1-star review rating from Down Beat magazine. The 1979 double live album 8:30, recorded on the Mr Gone tour, won that years Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance.[7] Weather Report's ninth studio album, Night Passage, was released in 1980, and its second eponymous release following the 1970 debut album was recorded in 1981 and released in 1982. In 1983, the band released its eleventh studio album Procession, which showed the band returns to the world music. It was praised by Down Beat for its unity and joy[8] and it has come to be seen as one of the best Weather Report albums. Weather Report then recorded Domino Theory and Live in Japan in 1984, Sportin' Life in 1985, and the finale album This Is This! in 1986. By February 1986, Shorter left the band,[9] and Zawinul dissolved the band in 1987. Many video, compilation and live albums were released after the breakup of the band. Live and Unreleased was made available in 2002. In September 2006 Columbia/Legacy released a Weather Report box set, Forecast: Tomorrow. A DVD video of the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival performance has become available as well. Columbia/Legacy have also re-released the 1984 Live in Japan concert on DVD.

117

Studio albums
Year Album Peak chart positions Billboard albums charts 200 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Weather Report I Sing the Body Electric Sweetnighter Mysterious Traveller Tale Spinnin' Black Market Heavy Weather Mr. Gone Night Passage Weather Report Procession Domino Theory Sportin' Life This Is This! 191 147 85 46 31 42 30 52 57 68 96 136 191 195 Jazz 7 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 5 3 5 13 13 [24] SWE UK [25] [26]

R&B 41 31 12 20 33 46 40 42 43 47 92 54

"" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that country.

Live albums

Discography

118

Year

Album

Peak chart positions [24] Billboard albums charts 200 Jazz 3 21

1972 1979 2002

Live in Tokyo 8:30 Live and Unreleased

47

Compilations
Year Album Peak chart positions [24] Billboard Jazz 1983 1990 Die 70er Jahre Best of Weather Report Vol. I The Collection 1993 1996 Starbox Birdland This Is Jazz, Vol. 10: Weather Report 1998 2002 2006 2007 2008 This Is Jazz, Vol. 40: Weather Report The Jaco Years The Best of Weather Report Forecast: Tomorrow Original Album Classics: Weather Report Collections 18

Singles
Year 1973 Title "125th Street Congress" "Boogie Woogie Waltz" (Stereo) 1978 "Birdland" "River People" 1983 "Procession" / "Where the Moon Goes"

Discography

119

B-sides
1990: "The Groove" (by Rodney Franklin) / "Birdland" (12") Old Gold (2) 1990

Videography
Year 1971 1976 1978 1984 Beat Club 1971 Live at Montreux 1976 Young and Fine Live! The Evolutionary Spiral Japan Domino Theory: Weather Report Live in Tokyo 2010 Live in Hamburg 1971 Title

Tribute albums
Year 2000 2005 Title Celebrating the Music of Weather Report Mysterious Voyages: A Tribute to Weather Report

Unofficial releases
1971: Live in Vienna, November 1971 (LP) 1971: Berlin, September 3, 1971 (with Eje Thelin, Alan Skidmore, and John Surman) (LP) 1974: Solarization's (LP) 1978: In a Silent Phoenix (LP) 1978: Live Weather (LP) 1980: Hammersmith Affair (LP) 1980: Live Passage (LP) 1980: Paris Live 1980 (LP) 1981: At The Opera House 1981 (LP) 1998: Milky Way SELL 1140 (CD) 2000: Paris Live 1980, Vol. 1 Gemini (CD)

References
[1] Bianchi, Curt (2005). "Weather Report: The Annotated Discography" (http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ index. html). www.binkie.net. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [2] "Weather Report > Discography > Main Albums" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) (XHTML). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [3] "Weather Report" (http:/ / www. discogs. com/ artist/ Weather+ Report) (XHTML). Discogs. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [4] "Albums by Weather Report" (http:/ / rateyourmusic. com/ artist/ weather_report) (XHTML). Rate Your Music. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. [5] Morgenstern, Dan (13 May 1971). Down Beat [6] Allmusic Biography (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) [7] Jackson, Blair (3 June 1983). "Fusion Giants Weather Report," BAM #157. [8] Diliberto, John (June 1983) Down Beat. [9] Varga, George (28 February 1986). "Shorter Departs Weather Report", San Diego Union-Tribune. [10] Weather Report. (May 1971). Weather Report. Columbia, CBS. [11] Weather Report. (May 1972). I Sing the Body Electric. Columbia, CBS.

Discography
[12] Weather Report. (1973). Sweetnighter. Columbia, CBS. [13] Weather Report. (1974). Mysterious Traveller. Columbia, CBS. [14] Weather Report. (1975). Tale Spinnin'. Columbia, CBS. [15] Weather Report. (April 1976). Black Market. Columbia, CBS. [16] Weather Report. (March 1977). Heavy Weather. Columbia, CBS. [17] Weather Report. (1978). Mr. Gone. Columbia, CBS, American Record Company. [18] Weather Report. (1980). Night Passage. Columbia, CBS. [19] Weather Report. (February 1982). Weather Report. Columbia, CBS. [20] Weather Report. (1983). Procession. Columbia, CBS. [21] Weather Report. (1984). Domino Theory. Columbia, CBS. [22] Weather Report. (March 1985). Sportin' Life. Columbia, CBS. [23] Weather Report. (June 1986). This Is This!. Columbia, CBS. [24] "Weather Report > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) (XHTML). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2010-09-02. "Chart information courtesy of Billboard.com 2006 VNU eMedia, Inc. All rights reserved." [25] "Discography Weather Report" (http:/ / swedishcharts. com/ search. asp?search=Weather+ Report& cat=a). swedishcharts.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-14. [26] Chart Stats - Weather Report (http:/ / www. chartstats. com/ artistinfo. php?id=11275). chartstats.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-14 [27] Weather Report. (1972). Live in Tokyo. CBS, Sony. [28] Weather Report. (1979). 8:30. Columbia, CBS. [29] Weather Report. (1 October 2002). Live and Unreleased. Columbia, Sony. [30] Weather Report. (1983). Die 70er Jahre. Zweitausendeins, CBS. [31] Weather Report. (1990). Best of Weather Report Vol. I. Columbia. [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] Weather Report. (1990). The Collection. Castle. Weather Report. (19 November 1993). Starbox. Sony. Weather Report. (19 March 1996). Birdland. Sony. Weather Report. (30 April 1996). This Is Jazz, Vol. 10: Weather Report. Columbia, Sony. Weather Report. (10 April 2001). Jazz Collection: Weather Report. Sony. Weather Report. (28 April 1998). This Is Jazz, Vol. 10: Weather Report. Columbia, Sony. Weather Report. (4 June 2002). The Best of Weather Report. Columbia, Sony. Weather Report. (19 September 2006). Forecast: Tomorrow. Columbia/Legacy, Sony. Weather Report. (29 October 2007). Original Album Classics: Weather Report. Columbia Legacy. Weather Report. (25 February 2008). Live and Unreleased. Sony. Weather Report. (1973). "125th Street Congress". Columbia. Weather Report. (1973). "Boogie Woogie Waltz" (Stereo). Columbia. Weather Report. (1978). "Birdland". Columbia, CBS, ARC. Weather Report. (1973). "River People". CBS, ARC. Various Artists. (August 1971). Beat Club 1971. Radio Bremen/ARD. Germany. Weather Report. (1976). Live at Montreux 1976. Weather Report. (1978). Young and Fine Live!. Indie. Weather Report. (1984). The Evolutionary Spiral. Sony. Weather Report. (1984). Japan Domino Theory: Weather Report Live in Tokyo. Hendring. Weather Report. (May 2010). Live in Hamburg 1971. MVD. Miles, Jason; Various Artists. (22 February 2000). Celebrating the Music of Weather Report. Telarc. Various Artists. (24 May 2005). Mysterious Voyages: A Tribute to Weather Report. Tone Center, ESC.

120

External links
Weather Report Discography (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ p7791) at Allmusic Weather Report Discography (http:/ / www. discogs. com/ artist/ Weather+ Report) at Discogs Weather Report Discography (http:/ / rateyourmusic. com/ artist/ weather_report) at Rate Your Music Weather Report: The Annotated Discography (http:/ / www. binkie. net/ wrdisc/ index. html) WEATHER REPORT music, discography, MP3, videos and reviews (http:/ / www. progarchives. com/ artist. asp?id=1696) at ProgArchives.com THE DOZENS: WEATHER REPORT by Jared Pauley (http:/ / www. jazz. com/ dozens/ the-dozens-weather-report) at Jazz.com Essential Jaco: with Weather Report (http:/ / www. jacopastorius. com/ music/ essential/ weatherreport. asp) at JacoPastorius.com

Article Sources and Contributors

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Article Sources and Contributors

Weather Report Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=425686832 Contributors: Acctorp, After Midnight, Ahkond, Alexr, Anakin101, AndrewHowse, AnonUser, Arjayay, BNutzer, Backtable, Badbilltucker, Bc33, Bigjimr, BillyPreset, Brequinda, C1k3, C777, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Charles Alvarez, Chowbok, Christian List, Civvi, Closedmouth, Cnwb, CommonsDelinker, Cosprings, D climacus, Danaimband, Dann Chinn, Darrenhusted, Deb, Dedmaan, Deltabeignet, Delyle, Djcam, Djmutex, Dysprosia, Eddyspeeder, Epolk, Ernestojuan, Flewis, Funeral, GoingBatty, Goten X, Guy Hatton, Gyrofrog, Hammer15, HenkeB, Henrik Carlsen, HisSpaceResearch, Hraefen, Hyacinth, Ian Pitchford, Ikrip, Impy4ever, Infrogmation, IronChris, Jafeluv, Jamieli, Jeodesic, Jessiejames, Jeszkamaciej, Jjdubs, Jmeltzer, Jmrowland, JoaquinMiralles, Joel7687, Kestudi, KnowledgeOfSelf, Krash, Leahtwosaints, Leakeyjee, Luis v silva, Luminifer, MER-C, Mangojuice, MartinHarper, MiamiDolphins3, Michael93555, Mike Selinker, Mind meal, Moeron, Moralist, Mrgone78, Muhandes, Nickderiso, Nitefood, Nomoretears, Ohconfucius, Oybobby, PJtP, Padgett22, Paul Richter, Pavel Vozenilek, Pjoef, Plattopus, Pwr.max, Quercusrobur, Rethunk, Rich Farmbrough, Robertotr, Rosencomet, RosinDebow, Rothorpe, SAULGNRFAN, Sannse, ShelfSkewed, Sheridan, Sherool, Signinstranger, Sluzzelin, Someoneinmyheadbutit'snotme, Srnec, Steinab, TJSwoboda, Taestell, Telseth, Tghe-retford, The Haunted Angel, Third, Thomas279, Titoxd, Tjmayerinsf, Tlogmer, Violetriga, Wenospeak, William Ortiz, Wurzel91, Yaninass2, Zepheus, , 171 anonymous edits Joe Zawinul Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=420290731 Contributors: "D", "alyosha", Airproofing, Ak47mustang, Alex Ex, Alexemanuel, Angela, Another Believer, Aspects, Atavi, Atty1chgo, Backtable, Badagnani, Bender235, Bluemoose, Blutfink, Bobo192, Byrial, CPMcE, CambridgeBayWeather, Canadian Paul, Chanlyn, Cherchez le femme, Chochopk, Christian Plattner, Cosprings, Cyan22, Cyril Zhang, D6, DISEman, Dan56, Danaimband, DarthVader, David Martland, Dedmaan, Deeceevoice, Deineka, Deltabeignet, Djmckee1, DogTwo, Dogru144, Dr. Shaggeman, El C, Ferdinand Pienaar, Fpittui, Fratrep, Gargaj, Gidiav, Good Olfactory, Grubber, Guy Peters, HJensen, HenkeB, HenkvD, HisSpaceResearch, Idoodit2, Impy4ever, IrisKawling, J Milburn, JCSantos, Jafeluv, Japanese Searobin, Jkiang, Jlittlet, John L Walters, Jotamide, Jugglars, KF, Keraunoscopia, Lambmeat, Lasix, Leahtwosaints, Lee M, Lilac Soul, LuoShengli, Lypheklub, Malber, Metropolitan90, Michael Bednarek, Mind meal, Mitchan, MusicTree3, Mtze, Nabokov, Neorunner, NickPenguin, Nv8200p, Oneiros, Ornaldo, Otisjimmy1, Oxymoron83, Paul Richter, Paul210, Pjoef, Rje, Rjwilmsi, Rl, Robsavoie, Rothorpe, SUPedia, SaltyPig, ShelfSkewed, Sheynhertz-Unbayg, Sir Paul, Sluzzelin, Someoneinmyheadbutit'snotme, Srnec, Tabletop, Technopat, TheGrappler, Tobyc75, TronTonian, Tvccs, Twitchingwalrus, Twsx, Veritmaster, Viames, Vlad, Vytal, Weissmann, Wenospeak, Woohookitty, 169 anonymous edits Wayne Shorter Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=427838195 Contributors: 2T, Aeigner, Afterwriting, Alansohn, Alfio, Andrew Norman, Andropod, Anetode, Arag0rn, Ben Tibbetts, Betacommand, Bunnyhop11, Butsushin, CambridgeBayWeather, Canterbury Tail, Capricorn42, CatherineMunro, Cgilbert76, Chickyraptor, ClockworkLunch, Conrad Toivo, Cosprings, D6, DISEman, Dan8700, Danaimband, Daniel Case, Danny, David Gerard, David Shay, Derek R Bullamore, Deysian, Dgolson999, Dhartung, Diloretojazz, Dissolve, Dixie normus212, Dogru144, Dr. Shaggeman, Drumsac, Edward Tambling, Eyeball kid, Fero Pakevi, Fusion is the future, Gaius Cornelius, Gareth Owen, Gyrofrog, HenkeB, Henry Flower, Infrogmation, InnocuousPseudonym, Istanbuljohnm, Jakz34, Japanese Searobin, Jason Quinn, Jazzeur, Jessiejames, Jetman, John, Jonathan.s.kt, Jun Nijo, Kevin, KittenKlub, Knucmo2, LWGillan, Leahtwosaints, Magioladitis, Malcolmxl5, Maltese otter, Manfo, Mattia Luigi Nappi, Mayumashu, MegX, Mel Etitis, Merovingian, Mike R, MikeCapone, Mind meal, Modernjazz1, Mswarren, Munci, Nabokov, Nostalgic34, Ohconfucius, Paul210, Petesmiles, Pjoef, Polly, Qirex, Rande M Sefowt, Rdudle, Rjwilmsi, RodC, Rothorpe, Saocarlos, Shadowhillway, Sir Dagon, Siryendor, Skawave, Sluzzelin, Some jerk on the Internet, Special-T, Squandermania, Taariq hassan, Taestell, Tassedethe, The Master of Mayhem, Theda, Tide rolls, Tp243, Trontonian, Txomin, UlrichAAB, Vunzmstr, Vytal, Wiki libs, Xricci, 128 anonymous edits Miroslav Vitou Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=424602297 Contributors: Airproofing, AllyD, Badagnani, Bill Thayer, Chanlyn, Cosprings, D6, Dogru144, Everyking, Ferdinand Pienaar, Gadfium, Gnominator, Gyrofrog, Hewins, Hpvpp, Ilikeeatingwaffles, Leahtwosaints, Malber, Mind meal, Mmuuishikawa, MusiCitizen, Nivaca, Ohno, OnBeyondZebrax, Paul A, Pavel Vozenilek, Pgeffen, Pjoef, Qertis, RFGS, Raul Amador, Rich Farmbrough, Ron Ritzman, Rothorpe, Sam Staton, 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Anthony, Vejvanick, Westside7777, 26 anonymous edits Airto Moreira Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=426671119 Contributors: Aspects, Audiori, BirgitteSB, Cdl obelix, Cosprings, D6, DISEman, David Gerard, Drumsac, Emcrawford, Escaper7, Ferdinand Pienaar, Fisherjs, GBYork, Istanbuljohnm, JazzTokyo2005, Jlawrencenewyork, Jmlk17, Johanna-Hypatia, Loatharofthehillpeople, LorrSG, Mattisse, Maxmaz, Mike R, Mind meal, Mlaffs, Mudwater, Munci, Neelix, Nostalgic34, Opus88888, Paul A, Pearle, Peter G Werner, Petronas, Pharos, Pigman, Pjoef, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Roman Spinner, Rosencomet, Rothorpe, Rtdrury, Salat-for-allah, Sgcook, SimonP, T. 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Gustafson, Jennavecia, Jmrowland, JoaquinMiralles, Jonviduya, Joshk, Jotamide, Jriddy, Jusdafax, Kcordina, Kebbs, Keinstein, Kenneth Shabby, Kingpin13, KittenKlub, Koavf, Kukini, Kyletbassist, LeRoytheKing, Leahtwosaints, Lemmikkipuu, Light current, Lmc169, LudwigVan, Luminifer, M2840, Magioladitis, Mako098765, MatDale, Matharvest, Mayumashu, McMarcoP, McNoddy, MegX, Merphant, Mezigue, MiamiDolphins3, Mike Selinker, Mike3k, Miketm, Mind meal, Mjgw, Mograbber, Moondyne, MrTaco, Mrgone, Mthans05, Mushroom, Musicindia1, Myelin Sheeth, Mygigmms, Mysid, Mysloop, Mzmadmike, Mtze, Navydenim, Negriljerry, NickDupree, Nixeagle, Nostaljack, Nycmoomin, Ohrightmybad, OnBeyondZebrax, OnePt618, Oneiros, Ornaldo, Ortzinator, Ozbass, Pablo X, Paco the immigrant, Pgilman, Philip Trueman, Pietaster, Pjoef, Pladask, Postdarwin, Postdlf, ProveIt, Quade64, Quentin X, Quercusrobur, Qwyrxian, RAlafriz, Raelx, Raoulduke47, Rasmus Faber, Rcharman, Renaissongsman, RichChappleDTP, Rjwilmsi, Robma, Rockfan231, Rodii, Rothorpe, Rsooch, Runawaydog, S76fitz, SCEhardt, Saareman, Sbrouse, SchuminWeb, ScopyCat, Scott Paeth, Seti@home, Sevendaysin bass, Sidmuchrock, Sinestra, Sir Paul, Skierpage, Skullketon, SlayerXT, Slowking Man, Sluzzelin, Snoop God, Soundconsulting, Spalding, SpencerWilson, Sprecher, Stoogeyp, Strausszek, Stwalkerster, Suisui, Syrthiss, TBYF, TMC, Tastemyhouse, Teapotgeorge, Tedkitch, The Thing That Should Not Be, The wub, TheScotch, Thecanibaltumors99, Thedarkestclear, Thedukeofno, Thomas279, Timmothias, Tosh.brice, Tothebarricades.tk, TraderNik, Traxan, TreeSmiler, Treybien, TronTonian, Two Bananas, Violncello, Viriditas, Volcanictelephone, Vunzmstr, W guice, Wenospeak, Wiki libs, Wikiitikii, Winterus, Wk 85, Wolfer68, Woohookitty, Xp54321, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yumegusa, Zaian, Zariane, Zenzee, Zhou Yu, Zomoniac, 752 anonymous edits

Article Sources and Contributors

Alex Acua Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=426836796 Contributors: "D", AKeen, Andrew Norman, Apruata, ArcAngel, Ary29, Audiori, Caerwine, CambridgeBayWeather, Clmeducators, Cosprings, David Gerard, Dml greg, Donfron, Drumsoloartist, Echuck215, Exastrapto, Gene Nygaard, Geniac, Globalphilosophy, Gnrfan, Gongshow, Griot, JaGa, Jazz Magazine, Laibwchter, Marcelo Lepiesiewicz, Mind meal, Munci, Od Mishehu, Opus88888, ParisianBlade, Pjoef, Rothorpe, SMasters, Sgcook, Sprecher, Stemonitis, Sweet kate, Tassedethe, Vitashaomi, Waitak, Zortotron, thelwold, 37 anonymous edits Don Alias Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=414078173 Contributors: Badagnani, Cap.fwiffo, Cosprings, D6, DISEman, David A. Victor, Drumsac, Ephraim33, Hi878, J. Van Meter, Kate, Kelson, Kenneth Shabby, Lairor, Leahtwosaints, Light current, Marchije, Mindspillage, Moshi809, Munci, Nadworks, Opus88888, Pjoef, Uryah, Waacstats, Wahoofive, Williamb, thelwold, 23 anonymous edits Manolo Badrena Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=402735700 Contributors: Bellagio99, Calliopejen1, Cosprings, Dotspace, GirasoleDE, Mlaffs, Munci, Phutupap, Pjoef, Rothorpe, SMasters, ShelfSkewed, Squamate, T@nn, 1 anonymous edits Peter Erskine Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=426925314 Contributors: Airproofing, AllyD, BVA, BWernham, Chubbles, Cosprings, Cricket02, D6, DISEman, Dr. Shaggeman, Dreftymac, Drumsac, Emtren, FayssalF, Fisherjs, ILaw, J Milburn, Johnpacklambert, Jyelland, Kakofonous, Karaboom, Leahtwosaints, Lensovet, Lpgeffen, Mav, Merope, Michaelas10, Nostalgic34, Ogschem, Optimale, Petzi1969, Pjoef, Pschoenm, R'n'B, Redf0x, RezaS, Richhoncho, Semitransgenic, Werldwayd, Woffie, Zenzee, thelwold, 66 anonymous edits Omar Hakim Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=418420425 Contributors: "D", Albion moonlight, Badagnani, Cosprings, Doceddi, Edfand, Edwardx, Jjdubs, John, Jonathan Levy, Lastcent, Leahtwosaints, Librsh, ME Researcher, MaxxJ, MegX, Mike Selinker, Muchness, NGV17, Nezzadar, Pjoef, ProhibitOnions, Roo72, RossPatterson, S3000, ShelfSkewed, SidP, Snoop God, Status4, Steven Russell, Technopat, Tvccs, Vmadeira, Waacstats, 27 anonymous edits Victor Bailey Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=418761990 Contributors: After Midnight, Basshawk, CambridgeBayWeather, CommonsDelinker, Cosprings, D6, Dissolve, Drilnoth, Fisherjs, Gorpik, JustAGal, Jyril, LessHeard vanU, Lilac Soul, Mellery, Melvalevis, Paul A, Pegship, Peterhutnick, PhilKnight, Phronima, Pjoef, Rjwilmsi, Serolillo, TheScotch, Twsx, WildKard84, Xtifr, 44 anonymous edits Mino Cinelu Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=415060909 Contributors: Ajor, Coffeegirlyme, Cosprings, CrazyLegsKC, Drmies, Monegasque, Munci, Opus88888, Pjahr, Pjoef, Quentin X, Rjwilmsi, Robertgrassi, Robina Fox, TearJohnDown, Truthanado, Vrac, 12 anonymous edits Narada Michael Walden Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=423581522 Contributors: Alai, AllyD, Aspects, BNutzer, Badbilltucker, Bawtyshouse, Bensin, CSWarren, Caerwine, CanisRufus, CaptainCap, Commander Keane, Conquistador2k6, Cosprings, D6, Derek R Bullamore, Dissolve, Dreamer.se, Drmagic, Elonka, Emann15, Ericorbit, Ericross, Ferdinand Pienaar, Harlemheightz155, Harro, Japanese Searobin, Joshk, K1Bond007, Karaboom, Los besos, Lucifrid, Luokehao, Mak17f, Materialscientist, Mlaffs, Monegasque, Nixeagle, Owen, Pagrashtak, Pjoef, Portenkirchner, Raonisousa, Rmhermen, Robert Moore, RobinCarmody, Rockhunter2, Saga City, ShelfSkewed, Shepard, Soultruck, Statmo1921, Supremesone, Tassedethe, TheParanoidOne, Toni S., Uzerakount, 69 anonymous edits Weather Report (1971) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=417390535 Contributors: Amarvudol, Anjingbuduk, BNutzer, Baumfreund-FFM, GregoryStec, Jerzy, Musamies, Padgett22, Pjoef, Rdudle, Rich Farmbrough, ST47, Signinstranger, Taestell, Tony1, Ulmanor, Yaninass2, 21 anonymous edits I Sing the Body Electric Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=413516467 Contributors: Airproofing, Bjones, Ghostwords, IHeardFromBob, Impy4ever, J Graeme, Musamies, Padgett22, Paul Richter, Pjoef, Pmac1999, Rdudle, Rich Farmbrough, Signinstranger, Slysplace, Taestell, Yaninass2, 6 anonymous edits Sweetnighter Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=417073929 Contributors: Airproofing, Alexr, Allen3, Amarvudol, Cje, Crystallina, Freshacconci, IHeardFromBob, Jogers, Julien Tuerlinckx, Mtze, Padgett22, Pjoef, Pmac1999, Poo man shoe, Rich Farmbrough, Signinstranger, Taestell, Technopat, Waacstats, Yaninass2, 6 anonymous edits Mysterious Traveller Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=413517155 Contributors: Airproofing, Dogru144, Epigrammed, Freshacconci, IHeardFromBob, LoopZilla, Paul Richter, Pepso2, Pjoef, Pmac1999, Rich Farmbrough, Rothorpe, Signinstranger, Taestell, Thomas279, Woffie, Yaninass2, 16 anonymous edits Tale Spinnin' Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=413518656 Contributors: Airproofing, Freshacconci, IHeardFromBob, Padgett22, Pjoef, Rich Farmbrough, Signinstranger, Slon02, Slysplace, Taestell, Yaninass2 Black Market Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=409430767 Contributors: Alexr, Bobblewik, Cmdrjameson, Crystallina, DantheCowMan, Freshacconci, Grenavitar, Grstain, Jogers, Magnus, Mike Garcia, Mtze, Padgett22, Pjoef, Rich Farmbrough, Signinstranger, Taestell, Waacstats, 19 anonymous edits Heavy Weather Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=419166940 Contributors: Airproofing, Alexr, Cassan, DantheCowMan, Fjeinca, Freshacconci, Fritz Saalfeld, Gardener of Geda, Grenavitar, Grm wnr, Grstain, Ilion2, Impy4ever, Jafeluv, Jogers, Julien Tuerlinckx, Kenyon, Matharvest, Methem, Mike Garcia, MrFizyx, Muijz, Padgett22, Parsecboy, Pjoef, Rdsmith4, RedWolf, Rich Farmbrough, ScudLee, ShaneKing, Srnec, Taestell, Teklund, Template namespace initialisation script, UrbanGrill, YUL89YYZ, Yaninass2, 36 anonymous edits Mr. Gone Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=404228559 Contributors: Airproofing, CJCurrie, Lentes, No, you take a hike, Npbierbrier, Ottosettepdieci, Padgett22, Phl3djo, Pjoef, Rich Farmbrough, S-man, Signinstranger, Taestell, Yaninass2, 6 anonymous edits Night Passage Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=401375725 Contributors: Airproofing, Antti29, Az29, DKqwerty, HBP77, HenkeB, Koavf, Pjoef, Rich Farmbrough, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Taestell, Tassedethe, Thomas279, Yaninass2, 6 anonymous edits Weather Report (1982) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=402100997 Contributors: Airproofing, Antti29, Aomarks, BigHaz, HenkeB, Jotamide, Pjoef, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Taestell, Tjmayerinsf, Yaninass2, 3 anonymous edits Procession Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=401776463 Contributors: Jotamide, Padgett22, Pjoef, Pmac1999, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Tabletop, Taestell, Yaninass2, 3 anonymous edits Domino Theory Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=402098501 Contributors: Jotamide, Padgett22, Pjoef, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Taestell, Yaninass2, Zidane tribal, 2 anonymous edits Sportin' Life Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=401747507 Contributors: Airproofing, Dogru144, Griot, Jotamide, Padgett22, Pjoef, Pygora123, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Skyraider, Taestell, W guice, Yaninass2, 3 anonymous edits This Is This! Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=415002334 Contributors: Ahkond, Airproofing, Danaimband, HenkeB, Jaydec, Jotamide, MrBoo, Pjoef, Prolog, Rich Farmbrough, SAULGNRFAN, Signinstranger, Taestell, Yaninass2, ^demon, 3 anonymous edits Live in Tokyo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=401743868 Contributors: Airproofing, Koavf, Mdumas43073, Pjoef, Rdudle, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Signinstranger, Taestell, Yaninass2, 2 anonymous edits 8:30 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=414449754 Contributors: Alexr, Ashadeofgrey, Dukeofomnium, EVula, Fisherjs, Geevee, HenkeB, Infrogmation, Jafeluv, Julien Tuerlinckx, Kcujedi, Koavf, Mattbrundage, Mike Garcia, Mikeguy, Mtze, Ottosettepdieci, Padgett22, Pjoef, Razorlicious, Rich Farmbrough, Richard K. Carson, Rlholden, Saga City, Signinstranger, Slysplace, Sugar Bear, Surelars, Taestell, The stuart, Thebogusman, Theresa knott, Woffie, 16 anonymous edits Live and Unreleased Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=402473702 Contributors: After Midnight, Airproofing, JPRBW, Koavf, Pjoef, Signinstranger, Slysplace, Sugar Bear, Taestell, Yaninass2, 2 anonymous edits Forecast: Tomorrow Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=402474737 Contributors: Airproofing, Japanese Searobin, Jotamide, Koavf, Oneiros, Pjoef, Sebastian scha., Signinstranger, Slysplace, Swanrizla, Thomas279, Vytal, 1 anonymous edits "Birdland" Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=379593753 Contributors: Ahkond, Ajferrick, Bigjimr, Brighamhb, Chrisp510, Darklilac, Deltabeignet, Dissolve, Dybber, Graham87, Grstain, HenkeB, HisSpaceResearch, InnocuousPseudonym, Jafeluv, Johndburger, Joyfulsound, Lidnariq, Luminifer, Mister Alcohol, Moochocoogle, Mtze, Pjoef, RevJATB, ScottMon, ShelfSkewed, Srnec, Technopat, V1iciouslady, Vinteron, Washburnmav, Zepheus, 35 anonymous edits Discography Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=425687552 Contributors: Chowbok, Michal Nebyla, Pjoef, ShelfSkewed, 1 anonymous edits

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