Acknowledgment

1|Page

Introduction

Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs; the adaptation of work to humans. In other words, occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and physical well-being of workers, that is the whole person in this assignment I will do some research on what are the common and widely using procedures which companies conduct for ensure their employs health and safety Every company has set of rule and regulations as well as certain policies and procedure to follow when the certain situations arises. In well structured companies they maintain certain document called Policy and procedures Manual or Policy and Procedure document. In this document they include all the agreed plans and steps they follow in respect to particular matter. Following unwritten policies and procedures may cause confusions and conflicts and in those situations may lead to particular legal disadvantages. Maintaining and updating this document is a responsibility of the Management of the company so I wish this assignment on health and safety would be some help for those how willing to aware this stuffs .

2|Page

Contents
Acknowledgement

Introduction

Tasks 1
Analyze typical organizational policy and procedure documents and identify the roles of various individuals

Task 2 Determine training needs from a range of supplied risk assessments including induction training on site CSCS Task 3 Describe method of recording health and safety inspection and data

Conclusion List of Reference

3|Page

TASK 01

Analyze typical organizational policy and procedure documents and identify the roles of various individuals
Policies and Procedures are two words frequently heard in the business world and there is often confusion between the two concepts. What is an Organizational Policy? A Policy defines an outcome; it is a premeditated rule set by a business to guide organizational direction, employees and business decisions, and to regulate, direct and control actions and conduct. Policies can range from a broad philosophy to a specific rule. They are the direct connection between a company's Vision and its daily operations and the underpinnings to a company's culture. What is an Organizational Procedure? A procedure is a means to an end. Procedures are step by step instructions, prescribing an exact sequence of action. A procedure explains how to and who (which position) will implement the policy. Procedures are specific, factual and succinct. They may include timelines, specific forms to be used and template forms. Procedures assist in eliminating common misunderstandings which can result in costly mistakes. What is the difference? Together Policies and Procedures empower a process by providing clear and concise direction necessary for consistent operation. The essential differences are outlined below: Policies - General in nature - Identify company rules - Explain why rules exist - Explain when the rule applies - Describe to whom (what position) it applies - Explain how it is enforced - Describe consequences - Provide guidance for managerial thought and action - Flexible - allows for discretion

4|Page

Procedures - Identify specific and alternative actions - Explain when to take actions - Describe emergency procedures - Include warnings and cautions - Give examples - Show how to complete a specific form - Prescribe how to carry out the action through step by step instruction - Less flexible - concise and exact sequence of activities Why does a company need Organizational Policies? Policies and Procedures (P&Ps) are essential when a company requires consistency in its daily operations. They provide clarity and direction re: accountability. P&Ps assist companies in meeting legal requirements set out by the Employment Standards Act, the Human Rights Code, the Occupational Health and Safety Act and numerous other compliance requirements. A properly written policy or procedure allows employees to understand their roles and level of responsibility and conduct their job by making decisions within predefined boundaries. By implementing P&Ps, management can provide guidance to employees without needing to micromanage, freeing managers to focus on strategic thought. P&Ps allow the workforce to not only understand the accountabilities and responsibilities of their own position, but also that of their co-workers, which can foster a cooperative work environment. How big should a company be to consider implementing Policies and Procedures? With as few as six employees there will be recurring issues. Productivity and efficiencies both from a legal and operational standpoint can be gained through the implementation of P&Ps. This dynamic Human Resources (HR) consulting firm focuses on strategic business and organizational development through HR delivery and training. The integrated team approach and 'full service' philosophy makes HR-Fusion a reliable resource and valuable business partner when you need professional HR support.

Security policies indentify the rules that rule how information is to be protected, security mechanisms implement these policies. Since the protected system is one that should be part of the total 5|Page

organization, the scope of the security mechanism may include all the administrative, practical, physical operational and technical characteristic of the organization.

Mostly the structure of a company management is shown in the organizational chart as shown below. The Coordinator is responsible for keeping the organizational chart up-to-date. This is the GO Construction & Installation Company Organizational structure chart.

The Management Committee of below contractors include: Chairperson Vice Chairperson CEO Board of Directors The role of the committee is to manage the organization within the approved budget and in accordance with its stated objectives, policies and procedures as specified in this Policy and Practice Document. The management committee should make sure at all times that it is fulfilling its role and responsibilities. They should state all the committee members responsibilities in the policy and procedure document. There they may mention every committee members legal responsibilities separately. They have to ensure that they operates in line with the companys constitution, Local Government laws and regulations certain regulations and acts, funding agreements , staff employment agreements, safe working conditions provided, adequate insurance cover and all the relevant legal requirements.

6|Page

7|Page

Organizational structure chart

Managing an organization is a huge responsibility. Construction organizations will comply with all legal requirements with respect to insurance. The type of insurance cover and level of insurance cover will be decided by the management committee after consultation with an insurance company. Insurance will include public liabilities, workers compensation, property insurance, theft and burglary insurance, volunteer insurance such as personal accident and public liability, vehicle insurance, professional life insurance. Next thing is the financial management of an organization . it is one of the major responsibility of the management committee. The Treasurer is responsible for ensuring that the financial policy and practices set down by the committee are followed. These policies and procedures have to be mentioned in the Policy and Procedure Document. There they mention about the role of coordinators together with treasurer and their responsibilities. Principles of the financial management and the details of their official Bank accounts have to be stated in the document. Use of Equipment & Vehicles

Policy on use of private vehicles, organization vehicles, depreciation and the Register of motor vehicles Motor vehicle log sheets Accident Procedures Policy on traffic infringements incurred during service delivery Policy on transporting clients in vehicles. Procedure for transporting clients in vehicles and Motor vehicle breakdown procedure also its maintenance The Coordinator is responsible for keeping the Register of Motor Vehicles up-to-date. A copy of the Register is included below. In a situation of an accident a certain procedures have to maintain according to the policy and procedure document as it as mentioned.

8|Page

Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare

According to the Health and Safety at work act 1974 section 2(3) expect for smallest organizations with only employees fewer than five, all other organizations should have a written Safety Policy statement and it should be in detailed form. Safety policy will conduct this statement, together with the details of the organization with the responsibilities and arrangements that will be managed to ensure the Health and Safety requirements. This Safety Policy will stand as the key document at the legal aspects. For contractors, they have to have a Safety policy statement, which is a document signed and dated by a senior member of the management team and it will be a legally recognized document. The most important thing is maintaining this Health and safety policy as it is, at the practical situation. It is everyones responsibility to ensure the requirements of the policy actively. All the supervisors, managers and employees should work together and accordingly to accomplish the safety goals. Which means without the active support of each and every level of the organization any policy or any attempt at the control of accidents and ill-health will be useless. Thinking that safety is someone elses business wont do anything but would lead everyone at risk. Policies are under constant study from a variety of interested parties, because only senior management can provide the authority to ensure that safety management is properly co-ordinated, directed and funded. According to the way the policy is written, it shows how much it influences the parties and the amount of attention it gets and what will happen, and what are the actions should take if someone fails to follow the instructions. These policies have to be updated and there should be an authorized party to handle this document. Safe and healthy working conditions do not happen by chance. Employers need to have a written safety policy for their enterprise setting out the safety and health standards which it is their objective to achieve. The policy should name the senior executive who is responsible for seeing that the standards are achieved, and who has authority to allocate responsibilities to management and supervisors at all levels and to see they are carried out. The safety policy should deal with the following matters: Arrangements for training at all levels. Particular attention needs to be given to key workers such as scaffolders and crane operators whose mistakes can be especially dangerous to other workers; Safe methods or systems of work for hazardous operations: the workers carrying out these operations should be involved in their preparation; The duties and responsibilities of supervisors and key workers; Arrangements by which information on safety and health is to be made known; Arrangements for setting up safety committees; 9|Page

 The selection and control of subcontractors.

the safety policy which is attached to the organizational policy and procedure document states certain rules for all the parties. No one is allowed to disobey those rules. Most companies take strict disciplinary actions against for those who fail to obey rules. Followings are some of rules described in a Sripaalee construction company of Sri Lanka and they have been translated in to English. The speciality of these rules is the simplicity of the language. Since this more important for all the levels of organization using a simple language is suitable and effective because then of course it will be understandable for everyone. In Sri Lankan context this rules will be displayed in Sinhalese language.

Company requires that the health of staff and workers should be protected by avoiding, as far as is reasonably practical, introduction to hazardous substances, dangerous tasks, working conditions or environments. The associated code of practice covers the health protection measures which require medical advice to reduce risks which cannot be avoided by practical controls Company requires that the risks of all activities, on and off site, which may affect the health and safety of its staff, workers and others are assessed. The risk control measures that are implemented should be what is reasonably practicable in the circumstances and should be regularly monitored and reviewed. Company requires that arrangements are made for representation, consultation and communication with staff, workers, their legislature and individuals which cover workplaces, departments, campuses and committees. The arrangements, as described in the associated code of practice, should be open, responsive and timely and should reflect the range of company activities and working situations, including shared sites. Company requires that staff and workers are provided with appropriate information, instruction, training, and supervision to ensure they can achieve the level of competence they need to work in a safe and healthy manner. Company requires all offices, workshops and other workplaces to be suitable for the work activities which take place in them so as to protect the health and safety of staff workers and others who work there. All operations that involve a risk of harm should be avoided as far as is reasonably possible and all work and activities in departments / divisions will be expected to comply with legal and company requirements Company requires all departments / divisions, campuses and controlled sites and location to have plans and procedures for incident and emergencies, including fire, accidents and first aid. The plans and procedures should be are based on identified hazards and risk assessments and include provision for visitors, guests, the public and contractors to be informed of fire precautions and emergency procedures

10 | P a g e

Case study Safety Manual of sanken Lanka (pvt) Ltd

11 | P a g e

12 | P a g e

13 | P a g e

Task 2

Determine training needs from a range of supplied risk assessments including induction training on site CSCS
the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking, for the purpose of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions and by Part II of the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997. Every selfemployed person shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to his own health and safety to which he is exposed whilst he is at work; and the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking, for the purpose of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions. Any assessment such as is referred to in paragraph or shall be reviewed by the employer or self-employed person who made it ift here is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid; or there has been a significant change in the matters to which it relates; and where as a result of any such review changes to an assessment are required, the employer or self-employed person concerned shall make them. An employer shall not employ a young person unless he has, in relation to risks to the health and safety of young persons, made or reviewed an assessment in accordance with paragraphs and In making or reviewing the assessment, an employer who employs or is to employ a young person shall take particular account of the inexperience, lack of awareness of risks and immaturity of young persons; the fitting-out and layout of the workplace and the workstation the nature, degree and duration of exposure to physical, biological and chemical agents the form, range, and use of work equipment and the way in which it is handled the organization of processes and activities the extent of the health and safety training provided or to be provided to young persons and risks from agents, processes and work listed in the Annex to Council Directive on the protection of young people at work. Where the employer employs five or more employees, he shall record the significant findings of the assessment; and any group of his employees identified by it as being especially at risk Follow the five steps in our risk assessment Identify the hazards Decide who might be harmed and how 14 | P a g e

Evaluate the risks and decide on precaution Record your findings and implement them Review your assessment and update if necessary

Health and safety training and its necessity

Construction sites are dangerous places, and first-aid and rescue equipment should always be available. What is needed will depend on the size of the site and the numbers employed, but there should be at least a stocked first-aid box and a stretcher and blanket the stretcher should be of a type which can be raised and lowered to and from upper floors. On large sites, and always where more than 200 people are employed, there should be a properly equipped first-aid room or hut. On any construction site of size, at least one person on every shift should have been trained in first aid to a nationally recognized standard. If we employ managers or supervisors they will certainly need some training. They need to know what we expect from them in terms of health and safety, and how we expect them to deliver. They need to understand our health and safety policy, where they fit in, and how we want health and safety managed. They may also need training in the specific hazards of our processes and how we expect the risks to be controlled. Our employees everyone who works for us, including temporary people, needs to know how to work safely and without risks to health. Like our supervisors, they need to know about our health and safety policy, our arrangements for implementing it, and the part they play. They also need to know how they can raise any health and safety concerns with us.

Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS)

Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) is the most common and general using certificate. This certificate covers only the skilled labors. This certificate is administrated by the Construction Industry Training. Board and controlled by the Management Board of employer organizations and trade unions, with observer members from the other interested parties including the HSE. Membership of the scheme is confirmed by the issue of a record card. Apart from specific legal requirements which may exist, the need for first-aid training in the workplace depends upon a number of factors. These includes the nature of the work and the hazards, what medical services are available in the workplace, the number of employees and the location of the workplace relative to external medical assistance(Allen, 2005). Under the craft and skills training Driver training and certification is a required training. It may be for particular 15 | P a g e

classes of vehicles, according to the national regulations in force, and these cases the detail of the training programme may be defined in law. Under the craft and skills training Driver training and certification is a required training. It may be for particular classes of vehicles, according to the national regulations in force, and these cases the detail of the training programme may be defined in law. Fire and Emergency training should be given to all employees and induction and on-site induction training. Everyone needs to know the actions to take when fire alarm sound. Knowledge of particular emergency plans and how to tackle fire with the equipments available may be given in specific training at the workplace. At whatever point the training is given The Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) card is the industry's largest scheme and, at present, covers 220 occupations including trades, technical, supervisory and management. CSCS cards listtheholders qualifications and are valid for either three or five years. It also shows they have health and safety awareness as all cardholders have to pass the appropriate CITB-Construction Skills Health and Safety Test. Most contractors and clients now demand proof of competence, before allowing workers onto their sites, which is provided by a CSCS card. If we want to get the CSCS card we meet some kind of test. The aim of the test is to examine knowledge across a wide range of health and safety topics in order to improve safety and productivity on site. It is usually taken as a PC-based touch screen test at either a mobile testing unit or an accredited test centre. With the exception of the exemptions described below, everyone applying for a CSCS card must pass the appropriate health and safety test as well approve their competence in the appropriate way for the card they are applying for. THE EMPLOYERS INDUCTION TRAINING

ON-SITE INDUCTION Normally on site induction training takes between 30minutes to 2 hours. This depend on the client and other employers involvement. Every new comer has to participate of training sessions before starting work. There are certain areas that should cover during the on-site trainings.

While there are 3 types of OHS training required in the construction industry, site induction training is probably the one training that is still open to interpretation as to what it should include. The site induction training would vary in content from site to site, from audience to audience ie own work force, truck delivery, subcontractor, visitors, auditors, etc and the level of risks that each activity posses to the workforce 16 | P a g e

Task 03 Methods of Recording Health and Safety inspection and Data HEALTH AND SAFETY INSPECTIONS
The safety representative should prepare in advance for an inspection. It is often an idea to agree a date in advance and put up a notice telling members when the inspection will take place. He may ask them to let him know in advance if there are any problems they want you to look at. Before starting, checking the accident book and getting details of any reports is essential. He should also ask employer to show the risk assessments and any safety cases, previous inspection records, training records and safety data sheets. In the case of risk assessment forms, it is useful to taking these during the inspection to check whether they have covered all likely risks. Many safety representatives use a checklist for their inspections. Using the checklist Safety officer may fill the report form as he goes round. However an inspection is not just about ticking off boxes. Talking to workers about any issues or problems is one of the best ways to get date. Safety representatives cover all workers, so if there are any non-union people, any potential risk to them is a potential risk to all the members so should not be ignored. Also health and safety is a great recruiting tool. Inspections are an invaluable way of identifying potential workplace hazards before they cause a health and safety problem. Carrying out workplace inspections is therefore one of a safety representatives most important functions. But this need not be an onerous role for safety representatives, who should not feel obliged to carry out more than they can handle. It is better to start off small with an occasional check, and build this up as time and experience allows, possibly to weekly inspections. Wherever possible, new safety representatives should be accompanied on their first inspection by their branch health and safety officer or by an experienced safety representative. The right to carry out inspections comes from the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977, otherwise known as The Brown Book. These regulations also make it clear that safety representatives are entitled to paid time off for carrying out inspections, as well as for carrying out their other functions.

17 | P a g e

Safety, health and welfare on construction sites Check-list

The following pages list the main points to consider when you are checking the safety of asite. If a statement cannot be confirmed, for example that all excavations are properly shored, then you should state whether you propose action and what priority you have given to the action. In the Remarks section can be entered such comments as the work to be carried out and who is to do it.

18 | P a g e

19 | P a g e

20 | P a g e

21 | P a g e

22 | P a g e

23 | P a g e

24 | P a g e

25 | P a g e

Conclusion
Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs; the adaptation of work to humans. Another words, occupational health and safety encompass the social, mental and physical well-being of workers, that is the whole person. Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programmers, and involves the consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc. Occupational health issues are often given less attention than occupational safety issues because the former are generally more difficult to confront. However, when health is addressed, so is safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition In this assignment I explain the typical organizational policy and procedure documents and identify the roles of various individuals, training needs from a range of supplied risk assessments including induction training on site CSCS, methods of recording health and safety inspection and data. Every company has set of rule and regulations as well as certain policies and procedure to follow when the certain situations take place. In well structured companies they maintain certain document called policy and procedures manual or policy and procedure document. In this document they include all the agreement plans and steps they follow in respect to particular matter. Following unwritten policies and procedures may cause confusions and disagreement and in those situations may lead to particular legal disadvantages. Also a safe workplace. The converse, though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy workplace. The important point is that issues of both health and safety must be addressed in every workplace. By and large, the definition of occupational health and safety given above encompasses both health and safety in their broadest contexts. Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hours a day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy. Yet this is not the case for many workers. Every day workers all over the world are faced with a multitude of health hazards, such as: dusts, gases, noise vibration. Extreme temperatures. Unfortunately some

employers assume little responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some employers do not even know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers. As a result of the hazards and a lack of attention given to health and safety, work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world.

26 | P a g e

Reference
http://www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/wbv/risks.htm http://www.workzonesafety.org/research/record/963 http://www.worksafety.act.gov.au/risk-management http://www.csao.org/health_and_safety_program/index.c fm http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/86-112/, http://www.google.lk/search?q=checklist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure http://www.internurse.com/cgibin/ http://www.darelease.com/ebooks/344621-occupational-safety-and-health-e-bookscollection. Icc-construct, (2011). Organization Chart, International Construction Consortium (Pvt) Ltd, http://www.icc-construct.com/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=20308;article=BJN_15_1_38_41

27 | P a g e