Chapter 9 - Patterns of Inheritance In a cross between two flowering plants, one parent has purple flowers (Pp) and

the other parent has white flowers (pp). Which of these describes the offspring expected from this cross? A) B) C) D) 50% white-flowered and 50% purple-flowered 75% white-flowered and 25% purple-flowered 75% purple-flowered and 25% white-flowered 100% purple-flowered and 0% white-flowered

A biology student makes a cross breeds a plant with white flowers (WW) and a plant with red flowers (ww). Which of these accurately describes the genotype and phenotype of the offspring from this cross? A) B) C) D) heterozygous and white-flowered heterozygous and red-flowered homozygous and white-flowered homozygous and red-flowered

In some types of dogs, the allele for wire hair (W) is dominant to the allele for smooth hair (w). A dog breeder mated two dogs. If two dogs that have wire hair (heterozygous) are mated, then what is the probability that a dog with wire hair will be produced in this litter? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

In cats, short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). If a cat that is homozygous for short hair is crossed with a cat that has long hair, what is the probability the offspring from this cross will have long hair? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

The characteristic for curly hair (C) is dominant to the characteristic for straight hair (c). A cross between two individuals for hair type is shown in this square What must the genotype of the parents be to produce the results shown in this Punnett square? A) B) C) D) homozygous dominant X homozygous dominant homozygous dominant X heterozygous homozygous recessive X homozygous dominant heterozygous X heterozygous

In a genetics laboratory, two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. If tall is dominant over short, what are the expected phenotypic results? A) B) C) D) 100% tall 75% tall, 25% short 50% tall, 50% short 25% tall, 75% short

In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth coat (r). A rough coat male and a smooth coat female mate. They produce several litters, of which 50% are rough coat and 50% are smooth coat. What were the genotypes of the parents? A) B) C) D) RR rr Rr rr RR Rr Rr Rr Page 1

Several matings between the same male black guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents? A) B) C) D) BB bb Bb bb BB Bb Bb Bb

In pigeons, the allele B produces ash-red feathers. The allele b produces blue feathers. The B allele is dominant to the b allele. A pigeon with genotype Bb is crossed with a pigeon with genotype bb. What percent of the offspring are expected to have ash-red feathers? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

In genetics research, what is the purpose of a test cross? A) B) C) D) to determine the phenotypes of the parents to determine the genotypes of the parents to determine whether or not two parents could produce viable offspring to determine how many offspring can be produced by two parents

Which genotype is used in a test cross? A) B) C) D) homozygous dominant heterozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous recessive

In pea plants, yellow (Y) seed color is dominant to green (y) seed color, and smooth (R) seed texture is dominant to wrinkled seed texture. A cross is made between two pea plants where both are heterozygous for seed texture and heterozygous for seed color. What is the probability an offspring will have yellow seed color and wrinkled seed texture? A) 1/16 B) 3/16 C) 1/4 D) 1/2 E) 9/16

In a certain set of lab mice, black hair (B) is dominant to white hair (b), and coarse hair (C) is dominant to fine hair (c). A cross is made between a heterozygous black, fine-haired mouse and a white heterozygous, coarse-haired mouse. What is the probability this cross will produce black, coarse-haired offspring? A) 1/8 B) 1/4 C) 1/2 D) 3/4 E) 5/8

A team of scientists was studying the genetics of a recently discovered organism. They learned that the allele for long legs (L) is dominant to the allele for short legs (l), and the allele for strong leg muscles (M) is dominant to the allele for weak leg muscles (m). A cross is made between two of these organisms where both are heterozygous for leg length and heterozygous for muscle strength? What fraction of the offspring will most likely have long legs with strong leg muscles? A) 1/16 B) 3/16 C) 1/4 D) 1/2 E) 9/16

Some traits are determined by more than two alleles. If aabbcc is crossed with AABBCC, what would be the genotype of the offspring? A) AaBbCc B) AABBCC C) aabbcc Page 2 D) aaAAbbBBccCC

The inheritance pattern for a human genetic disease is shown in the pedigree below

In Generation 3 the male who has the disease is married to a woman who is a carrier. If the couple has a daughter, what is the probability she will inherit the disease? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis occurs when two recessive genes (cc) are present. A person with one allele for cystic fibrosis is called a carrier (Cc) of the disease. If the mother is a carrier of the disease and the father is homozygous dominant, what are the chances that their child will be a carrier of cystic fibrosis? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

Tay-Sachs is a recessive disorder that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. If two people who are both carriers of Tay-Sachs plan to have children, the what is the probability that an offspring will inherit Tay-Sachs? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

In sickle cell anemia, the heterozygous condition results in resistance to malaria. If two heterozygous parents have a child, what are the chances of that child being resistant to malaria but not having sickle cell anemia? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

Huntingtons disease is a dominant trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Huntingtons disease if one parent is heterozygous and the other is normal? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% Page 3 D) 75% E) 100%

A gardener crossed two purple flowers and discovered that 76% of the offspring had purple flowers while 24% had red flowers. According to these results, the allele for red flower color is most likely A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic

A person can have either straight or bent pinky fingers. A woman who is homozygous for bent pinky fingers has children with a man who has straight pinky fingers. If all of their children have bent pinky fingers, then the trait for bent pinky fingers is an example of a trait that is __________. A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic

A woman with attached earlobes has a child with a man who has unattached earlobes. This couple has three children, and all of them have unattached earlobes. The trait for attached earlobes is most likely ____________. A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic

A plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant that has white flowers. The offspring all have pink flowers. This is an example of what type of inheritance? A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic

Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR = red and rr = white, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the offspring of two pink flowers? A) B) C) D) E) 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white 2 red : 2 white All pink 3 red : 1 white Alls red

Which of the following terms applies to traits, such as human eye color, that are controlled by more than one gene? A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic Page 4

Human blood types are genetically determined. The table below shows the symbols used to represent two of the alleles for blood types and gives a description of each allele.

In homozygous individuals, two IA alleles result in blood type A and two IB alleles result in blood type B. The IA and IB alleles are codominant, resulting in blood type AB in individuals heterozygous for the two alleles. A male and a female both have blood type AB. If they have a child, what is the probability that the child will also have blood type AB? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

The four possible blood types for humans are A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood in humans is codominant with type B blood. Type O blood is recessive to blood types A and B. The genotype of a person with type A blood can be either AA or AO, and the genotype of a person with type B blood can be either BB or BO. A man with type A blood and a woman with type B blood have a child with type O blood. What are the genotypes of this man and woman? A) B) C) D) AO and BB AA and BO AO and BO AA and BB

Mr. Jones has blood type A and Mrs. Jones has blood type AB. What is the probability that they will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Joness parents were AB? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%

Red blood cells are classified as type A or type B, based on their surface antigens. Type O blood does not contain any antigens. The chart shows the possible phenotypes of each blood type. Which mechanism explains how both A and B antigens produce type AB blood? A) B) C) D) E) dominant recessive codominant incompletely dominant polygenic

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After study these tables, which baby belongs to each of the couples? A) B) C) D) I = X, II = Y, III = Z I = Y, II = Z, III = X I = Z, II = X, III= Y I = X, II = Z, III = Y

Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A mother with normal color vision and a color blind father have a color blind daughter. Which of the following statements is correct? A) B) C) D) All of their daughters will be color blind. The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene. All of their sons will have normal color vision. All of their sons will be color blind.

Most sex-linked, recessive traitsincluding hemophilia and color blindnessappear in males. This phenomenon is best explained by which statement? A) B) C) D) Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes. Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of males are recessive. In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear only on the Y chromosome. In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes needed to mask the recessive genes on the X chromosome.

After study this pedigree:

What type of trait is shown in the pedigree? A) B) C) D) sex-linked recessive sex-linked dominant autosomal recessive autosomal dominant

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A pedigree of a family with red-green color blindness, a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder, is diagrammed to the right.

What is the genotype of individual 3? A) B) C) D) XBXB XbY XbXb XBY

After studying this pedigree and the key below.

Which of these patterns of inheritance is shown for the disorder in the pedigree? A) B) C) D) autosomal sex-linked codominance incomplete dominance

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The pedigree below shows the occurrence of a certain genetic disorder in four generations of a human family.

What is the pattern of inheritance of the disorder in this pedigree? A) B) C) D) dominant sex-linked co-dominant incomplete dominance

If the disorder in the pedigree is caused by a recessive allele (X d) while the allele for the normal condition (X D) is dominant. Based on the diagram, which individual in this pedigree has the genotype X DXd? A) B) C) D) Individual 2 Individual 3 Individual 4 Individual 6

Based on this pedigree, it is most reasonable to conclude that Becker muscular dystrophy is which of the following? A) B) C) D) a polygenic trait a codominant trait a sex-linked recessive trait an autosomal dominant trait Page 8