ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND DRIVES UNITS III IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS UNIT IV CONVENTIONAL SPEED CONTROLS PART

ART A (2 MARKS)
1. Enumerate the factors on which the speed of a DC Motor depends. According to the speed equation of a DC motor, N = K (V Ia Ra) The speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to the armature voltage and inversely proportional to the Flux. Hence the two main factors on which the speed of a DC motor depends are Armature voltage and Flux. In other words, the speed of DC motor increases as the armature voltage increases and decreases as the flux increases. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ward-Leonard method of speed control? Advantages: (i) wide range of speeds can be obtained (ii) smooth control of speed (iii) sensitive control Disadvantages: (i) use of one additional DC generator and a 3 phase induction motor is required. (ii) high cost of equipments. 3. What are the advantages of Slip-power recovery system? (i) By controlling the magnitude of the injected slip frequency emf, the rotor resistance and hence the speed can be effectively controlled. (ii) it can be used to control speed of large induction motors. 4. What is meant by armature control? Armature control is a method of speed control used for DC shunt motors. According to the speed equation of a DC motor, N = K (V Ia Ra) the speed of a DC shunt motor can be controlled by varying the armature voltage. As the armature voltage increases the speed also increases. This is known as armature control. 5. List the methods used for speed control of DC Series motors. The following methods are used for speed control of DC series motors: (i) Armature diverter resistance method (ii) Field diverter resistance method (iii) Tapped field method (by providing tappings in the series field winding) (iv) by using series and parallel combinations of series field windings.

6. Define (i) Synchronous speed and (ii) Slip. (i) Synchronous speed is defined as that constant speed at which the rotating magnetic field rotates in the air gap of the three phase induction motor when the stator windings are supplied with 3-phase supply. The induction motor will always run at a speed less than the synchronous speed (Ns). The synchronous speed is given by Ns = 120 f P Where f = frequency of ac supply and P = No. of poles. (ii) Slip is defined as the ratio of the difference between the Synchronous speed and the actual running speed(N) to the Synchronous speed (Ns). It is denoted by the letter s given by: Slip s = Ns N Ns Typical values of slip in the stable region of operation range between 0.01 and 0.04. 7. What is meant by stator voltage control of induction motors? The method of Stator voltage control of induction motor involves controlling the speed of an induction motor by varying the stator voltage. It uses rheostats (variable resistances) connected in series with the stator windings to the supply lines. This causes a variation in the stator voltage and hence the speed of the induction motor can be controlled by varying the stator resistance. This method is applicable for both squirrel cage and slip ring induction motors.

PART B (12 MARKS)

1. Explain the speed control schemes of DC Series Motor.

2. Explain the working of following methods with neat circuit diagrams. i) Kramer system ii) Scherbius system 3. Discuss the Ward-Leonard speed control system with a neat circuit diagram.

4. Explain in detail rotor resistance method of speed control of a slip ring induction motor.

5. Explain the concatenation operation of three phase induction motors. Hence derive the speed experienced for the cascaded set.