Ch 2 Part I

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Water molecules are polar, with the

a. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
b. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.
d. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
2. If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a
a. mixture called a solution. c. mixture called a suspension.
b. solution and suspension. d. mixture only.
3. Amino acid is to protein as
a. sugar is to fat. c. fat is to lipid.
b. simple sugar is to starch. d. DNA is to RNA.
4. A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. transferring protons. c. sharing a proton pair.
b. transferring electrons. d. sharing an electron pair.
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are
a. neutralized. c. destroyed.
b. rearranged. d. created.
6. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions?
a. isotope c. nucleus
b. enzyme d. compound
7. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
a. 1. c. 11.
b. 12. d. 23.
8. When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a. solute. c. reactant.
b. solvent. d. solution.
9. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
a. a different number of molecules. c. a different number of neutrons.
b. the same number of neutrons. d. a different number of electrons.
10. A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain
in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York
State has a pH of
a. 4.35. c. 4.30.
b. 4.22. d. 4.40.
11. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
a. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
b. build tissues such as bone and muscle
c. help to fight disease
d. store and transmit genetic information
12. Which statement is true?
a. RNA molecules are made of nucleotides.
b. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
 c. Glycerol is made of fatty acids.
d. Amino acids are made of proteins.
13. Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
b. All catalysts are enzymes.
c. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.
d. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.
14. What type of electron is available to form bonds?
a. valence c. ionic
b. covalent d. nucleus
15. In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As
a result, the oxygen atom is
a. very negative. c. slightly negative.
b. very positive. d. slightly positive.
16. If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,
a. the pH of stomach acid would be below 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be above 7.
b. both would be above 7.
c. both would be below 7.
d. the pH of stomach acid would be above 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7.
17. The three particles that make up atoms are
a. neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. c. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
b. protons, neutrons, and isotopes. d. positives, negatives, and electrons.
18. Which of the following is NOT a monomer?
a. a protein c. an amino acid
b. a nucleotide d. a glucose molecule
19. A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
a. lipid. c. catalyst.
b. element. d. molecule.
20. Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO2 + H2O → H2CO3.
a. CO2 and H2O c. CO2, H2O, and H2CO3
b. CO2 d. H2CO3
21. Ice floats on water because
a. ice has a higher density than water. c. water expands when it freezes.
b. water shrinks when it freezes. d. of cohesion.
22. Which of the following is NOT true about chlorine?
a. It was used to kill many soldiers in World War I.
b. It is a poisonous, greenish gas.
c. It is not reactive.
d. It combines with sodium to form table salt.
23. A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a. both an acid and a base. c. an acid.
b. a base. d. neither an acid nor a base.
24. Solutions that contain concentrations of H ions lower than pure water
+

a. are bases. c. are acids.

b. are enzymes. d. have pH values below 7.
25. What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
a. cohesion c. chemical reaction
b. dissolving d. adhesion
26. Democritus believed that atoms
a. were composed of electrons. c. could not be divided.
b. were composed of protons. d. could be divided.
27. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
a. The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job.
b. Enzymes work best at a specified pH.
c. Enzymes are proteins.
d. All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates.
28. If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called
a. chlorine-17. c. chlorine-35.
b. chlorine-1. d. chlorine-18.
29. What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
a. cohesion energy c. adhesion energy
b. chemical energy d. activation energy
30. Which of the following statements about a compound is true?
a. Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements
from which it is formed.
b. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those
of the elements from which it is formed.
c. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the
elements from which it is formed.
d. Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements
from which it is formed.
31. A solution is a(an)
a. chemical reaction.
b. combination of two or more liquids.
c. evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances.
d. combination of isotopes.
32. Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride?
a. molecule c. ionic bonding
b. compound d. crystal
33. Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes?
a. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils
b. can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil
c. can be used as “tracers” to follow the movements of substances within organisms
d. all of the above
34. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the
a. pH of the reaction. c. temperature of the reaction.
b. products of the reaction. d. speed of the reaction.
35. What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a. positive c. negative
b. neutral d. possibly positive or negative
36. If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
a. cannot occur. c. absorbs energy.
b. also releases energy. d. destroys energy.
37. A monosaccharide is a
a. lipid. c. nucleic acid.
b. protein. d. carbohydrate.
38. The most abundant compound in most living things is
a. water. c. sugar.
b. sodium chloride. d. carbon dioxide.
39. If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number would be
a. 3. c. 4.
b. 11. d. 7.
40. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
a. ions. c. protons.
b. electrons. d. neutrons.
41. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
c. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
d. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
 Ch 2 Part I
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. DIF: L2 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2

KEY: comprehension
2. DIF: L3 REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: evaluation
3. DIF: L3 REF: p. 45 | p. 47 OBJ: 2.3.1 NAT: B.2 | C.1.c | C.2.a
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: synthesis
4. DIF: L1 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: knowledge
5. DIF: L3 REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d | 3.2.9-11.D.e KEY: synthesis
6. DIF: L1 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: knowledge
7. DIF: L3 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: evaluation
8. DIF: L2 REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: application
9. DIF: L2 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: analysis
10. DIF: L2 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: analysis
11. DIF: L1 REF: p. 48 OBJ: 2.3.1 NAT: B.2 | C.1.c | C.2.a
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: knowledge
12. DIF: L2 REF: p. 46 | p. 47 OBJ: 2.3.1 NAT: B.2 | C.1.c | C.2.a
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: analysis
13. DIF: L2 REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d KEY: analysis
14. DIF: L2 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: application
15. DIF: L2 REF: p. 38 | p. 41 OBJ: 2.2.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: analysis
16. DIF: L3 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: synthesis
17. DIF: L1 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: knowledge
18. DIF: L2 REF: p. 45 OBJ: 2.3.1 NAT: B.2 | C.1.c | C.2.a
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: analysis
19. DIF: L1 REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d KEY: knowledge
20. DIF: L2 REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d | 3.2.9-11.D.e KEY: analysis
21. DIF: L2 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: analysis
22. DIF: L2 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
 KEY: comprehension
23. DIF: L2 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: application
24. DIF: L1 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: knowledge
25. DIF: L1 REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d | 3.2.9-11.D.e KEY: knowledge
26. DIF: L2 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: application
27. DIF: L3 REF: p. 51 | p. 52 | p. 53 OBJ: 2.4.3
NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d
KEY: synthesis
28. DIF: L3 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: evaluation
29. DIF: L1 REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: knowledge
30. DIF: L2 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: comprehension
31. DIF: L1 REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: knowledge
32. DIF: L3 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: evaluation
33. DIF: L2 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: application
34. DIF: L2 REF: p. 51 OBJ: 2.4.3 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d KEY: application
35. DIF: L2 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: application
36. DIF: L2 REF: p. 50 OBJ: 2.4.2 NAT: B.3 | B.5 | C.1.b
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: comprehension
37. DIF: L2 REF: p. 46 OBJ: 2.3.1 NAT: B.2 | C.1.c | C.2.a
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c KEY: comprehension
38. DIF: L1 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2
KEY: knowledge
39. DIF: L2 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: analysis
40. DIF: L2 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: comprehension
41. DIF: L2 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 NAT: B.1 | B.2 | B.4
KEY: comprehension