COSTING FOR TATA MOTORS

History
Tata Motors is a part of the Tata Group manages its share-holding through Tata Sons. The company expanded its operations to commercial vehicle sector in 1954 after forming a joint venture withDaimler-Benz AG of Germany. Despite the success of its commercial vehicles, Tata realized his company had to diversify and he began to look at other products. Based on consumer demand, he decided that building a small car would be the most practical new venture. So in 1998 it launched Tata Indica, India's first fully indigenous passenger car. Designed to be inexpensive and simple to build and maintain, the Indica became a hit in the Indian market. It was also exported to Europe, especially the UK. Tata acquired Spanish bus and coach manufacturer Hispano Carrocera in 2009.[6] In 2006 it formed a joint venture with Marcopolo S.A. of Brazil, and introduced low-floor buses in the Indian Market under the name Tata Marcopolo Bus. Recently, it has acquired British Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), which includes the Daimler and Lanchester brand names.

Tata in India

A loaded Tata truck on a Rajasthanhighway.

Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of 35,651.48 crore (US$7.11 billion) in 200708.[31] It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles in India with products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments.[31] Tata vehicles are sold primarily in India, and over 4 million Tata vehicles have been produced domestically since the first Tata vehicle was assembled in 1954. The companys manufacturing base in India is spread across Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad (Karnataka). Following a strategic alliance with Fiat in 2005, Tata set up an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat powertrains. The company is establishing a new plant at Sanand (Gujarat). Tata's dealership, sales, service and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch points. Tata Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India. [31]

[edit]Sales & Service Network Tata Motors has more than 250 dealerships in more than 195 cities across 27 states and 4 Union Territories of India.[32] It has the 3rd largest Sales and Service Network after Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai.

The Passenger Car division was born out of a vision to offer the Indian customer all the comfort of a big car, at the price of a small car. The Indica was formally launched in 1998 & has rewritten the rules of the Indian car industry ever since then. The latest addition to the Tata Motors family after the launch of Indigo which is designed to deliver never-before levels in luxury, safety, power and comfort on Indian roads is the New Indica V2. Refreshingly different, with a sporty new look, stylish interiors, and more. The Indigo Marina story started two years back with the launch of the luxury sedan from Tata Motors, the Tata Indigo. There were however, a select group of people who wanted everything that came with the Indigo plus a little more space. So, we developed the Indigo Marina. A car that has the luxury of a sedan and the utility and convenience of a multi-utility vehicle. A car that does not compromise on power, safety and luxury. A car that has enough space to carry everyone and everything you've ever loved, right by your side, on every drive. Established in Established in COST SHEET Cost Sheet for Tata Motors for the year 2003-2004 Rs./ Crores Direct Materials (a) Spare parts & accessories for sale 253.55 (b) Bodies & trailers for mounting on chassis 214.43 467.98 Direct Labour 323.00 Direct Expense 2270.30 Prime Cost 3061.28 Factory Overheads Consumption of Raw Materials 7873.41 Processing Charges 388.59 Stores, spare parts & tools consumed 236.73 Freight, transportation, port charges 185.47 Repairs to plant, machinery 25.62 Power & Fuel 214.52 Insurance 21.44 Lease Rentals in respect of Plant & Machinery 8.84 Depreciation 382.60 Work Cost(Gross) 9337.22 Opening WIP 793.91 Less: Closing WIP 651.93 141.98

Works Cost(Net) 9479.20 12540.48 Administrative Overheads Salaries 323.99 Repairs to building 20.37 Rent 9.37 Rates & Taxes 22.16 Total Cost 375.89 12916.37 Add: Opening Finished Goods Add: Purchase of Finished Goods Less: Finished Goods Cost of production of Saleable units 12916.37 Selling and Distribution Expenses Publicity 123.60 Incentive/Commission to dealers 120.57 Commission & Brokerage on sales 25.92 Cost of Sales 270.09 13186.46 Profit 2022.28 Sales 15208.74

Assumptions: 1. The salaries & wages are divided in the ratio of 1:1 such that 323 crores is allocated to the factory direct labour & 323.99 crores is allocated to the office administration. 2. Freight & stores consumed are factory expenses 3. Repairs to building are an administrative expense as the building is used for the office. 4. Rent, Rates & Taxes are administration expenses. Following items are excluded from the cost sheet Product development cost is a capital expenditure hence not considered. Interest being a financial expense is not considered. Extraordinary items like write back of provision for contingencies, provision for diminution in vale of investment & employee separation cost not considered. Provision for tax, investment allowance & the other appropriations in profits are not considered in arriving at cost. Superannuation, gratuity & contribution to provident fund. Workmen & staff welfare expenses, which includes provisions for employee benefit schemes, is not considered. Provision for Wealth Tax. Excess debits/ short credits in respect of previous years. Loss on assets sold/scrapped/written off. Provision for doubtful sundry debts, bad debts written off, warranty expenses & securitisation expenses for hire purchase contracts.

COSTING OF HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM (HPCL)

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is the result of a successful convergence of four established companies. Today the second largest integrated oil refining and marketing company in India, HPCL was born of the merger of ESSO, Lube India Ltd, Caltex Oil Refining India Ltd and Kosan Gas Company Ltd. The Company was first incorporated as Standard Vacuum Refining Company of India Limited, on July 5, 1952, and later named ESSO India Limited, on March 31, 1962. On July 12, 1974, when Esso and Lube India were nationalised, the Company was renamed Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited with effect from July 15, 1974. The undertakings after nationalisation were then vested in HPCL. The Government of India also nationalised the Caltex undertakings in the year 1976, which were subsequently merged with HPCL in 1978. In the following year, the undertakings of Kosan Gas Company Ltd, the concessionaires of HPCL in the domestic LPG market, were merged with HPCL. Thus, the various amalgamations, at different points in time, have given rise to HPCL that has ever since been growing from strength to strength. HPCL had a humble beginning in 1974 with one refinery at Mumbai that had a refining capacity of 3.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA). The Lube oil refinery at Mumbai stood around 165000 Tonnes per annum. The sales turnover in that year was only Rs. 3.67 billion, and the net profit Rs. 58 million. But over the years, the Corporation has made judicious use of its assets to achieve tremendous growth. Dedicated and well - experienced manpower, strategically located refineries at Mumbai and Visakh and a widespread marketing network have enabled the company to carve a niche in the Indian oil industry today.

Vision "To be a leading world class company in hydrocarbons and energy related sectors with a global presence. Mission HPCL, along with its joint ventures, will be a fully integrated company in the hydrocarbons sector of exploration and production, refining and marketing; focussing on enhancement of productivity, quality and profitability; caring for customers and employees; caring for environment protection and cultural heritage. It will also attain scale dimensions by diversifying into other energy related fields and by taking up transnational operations."

COST SHEET

Cost Sheet for Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd for the year 2003-2004 Rs./ Crores R.M Consumed 15,017.04 Direct Labour (See Assumption 1) 280.055 Direct Expense -Excise Duties 5993.47 Prime Cost 21290.565 Factory Overheads Packages Consumed 79.15 Transshipping Expenses 1228.97 Duties Applicable to Products 317.61 Repairs and maintenance to Plant 165.68 Rent (See Assumption 3) 28.65 Repair and maintenance to other assets (See Assumption 2) 1.633 Electricity and Water 94.93 Power and Fuel 9.17 Rates and Taxes 21.20 Equipment Hire Charges 0.30 Consumption of stores, spares and chemicals 71.08 Depreciation: -Transport Equipment (See Assumption 4) 2.335 -Roads and Culverts 7.16 -Leasehold Property 2.45 -Railway siding and Rolling stock 12.42 -Plant and Machinery 536.24 560.605 2578.978 Work Cost (Gross) 23869.543 Opening WIP 212.67 Less: Closing WIP 197.68 14.99 Works Cost (Net) 23884.533 Administrative Overheads Security Charges 16.67 Depreciation - Building 17.25 -Furniture, fixtures and equipments 26.39 43.68 Office appliances--- Printing & Stationary 7.69 Rent (See Assumption 3) 28.65 Repair and maintenance to building 11.7 Repair and maintenance to other assets (See Assumption 2) 1.634 Insurance 40.08 Consultancy and Technical charges 37.26 Sundry Expenses and Charges 163.04

Office Salaries (See Assumption 1) 280.055 630.459 Total Cost 24514.989 Add: Opening Finished Goods 3777.2 Add: Purchase of Finished Goods 30583.9 34361.1 Less: Finished Goods -4149.69 Cost of production of Saleable units 54726.399 Selling and Distribution Expenses Traveling and Conveyance 55.97 Repair and maintenance to other assets (See Assumption 2) 1.633 Depreciation on transport equipment (See Assumption 4) 2.335 Advertising & Publicity 81.45 141.388 Cost of Sales 54867.787 Profit 2643.343 Sales 57511.13

Assumptions 1 A bifurcation between factory wages and office salaries has not been given. However the annual report says that HPCL has 11088 employees of which 3594 are management employees and 7494 are non-management employees. Let us assume this to be the distribution of office and factory staff. However, the management employees have higher salaries. Thus, I have divided Wages, Salaries and Bonus equally between Direct Labour and Administrative overheads. 2 Repairs and Maintenance to other assets has been equally divided between Factory overheads, Administrative overheads and Selling and Distribution overheads since the assets have not been mentioned. 3 Rent is equally distributed as Factory rent and Office rent. 4 We assume that Transport equipment is used for both Factory and Selling and Distribution purposes. Thus depreciation on transport equipment is equally divided between Factory overheads and Selling and Distribution overheads.

Tata in India

A loaded Tata truck on a Rajasthanhighway. Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of ssss35,651.48 crore (US$7.11 billion) in 200708.[31] It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles in India with products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments.[31] Tata vehicles are sold primarily in India, and over 4 million Tata vehicles have been produced domestically since the first Tata vehicle was assembled in 1954. The companys manufacturing base in India is spread across Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad (Karnataka). Following a strategic alliance with Fiat in 2005, Tata set up an industrial joint venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat powertrains. The company is establishing a new plant at Sanand (Gujarat). Tata's dealership, sales, service and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch points. Tata Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India. [31] [edit]Sales & Service Network Tata Motors has more than 250 dealerships in more than 195 cities across 27 states and 4 Union Territories of India.[32] It has the 3rd largest Sales and Service Network after Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai.