1 2 Ship Resistance Components Mm545 Sep2012

Ship Resistance and Powering
Ship Resistance
Components

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 1

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 2

Ships operate on the interface between air and water
AIR
p=1.2 kg/m
3

Under water part
Above water part
Weight

Buoyancy
Air-Water
Interface
p=p
atm
=const
Water
p=1000 kg/m
3

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 3

When the Ship is not moving (just floating)
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
Weight

Buoyancy
and water and air is still ..
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 4

No motion
No Resistance
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
Weight

Buoyancy
When the Ship is not moving (just floating)
= 0
x
F
0
0
=
=
W B
F
z
x
z
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 5

Now get ready the Ship is about to move
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
What do we observe ?
Weight

Buoyancy
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 6

Observations
Water
Water rubbing against the ships surface
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Weight

Buoyancy
Still water is no longer still
Waves are generated
Eddies are formed
water rubbing
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 7

making resistance - Wave
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 8

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 9

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 10

More Observations
Air rubbing against the above water part of the ships surface
Still air is no longer still
Air Eddies
Water
Air-Water
Interface
Buoyancy
Air rubbing
AIR
Waves are generated
Eddies are formed
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 11

Resistance to ship motion
1. Resistance coming from Air
2. Resistance coming from water
Air-Water
Interface
AIR
Waves are generated
Eddies are formed
Water
3. Resistance coming air water interface
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 12

1. Resistance coming from Air
Air-Water
Interface
AIR
Waves are generated
Eddies are formed
Water
Neglect due to low density
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 13

Air-Water
Interface
AIR
Waves are generated
Eddies are formed
Water
Frictional Resistance R
F
Eddy making
Resistance R
E
Wave makingl Resistance R
W
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 14

Skin Frictional Resistance
Eddy Making Resistance
Frictional Resistance and Eddy Making Resistance
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 15

Total Ships Resistance
Skin Frictional
Resistance R
F
Eddy Making
Resistance R
EMR
Wave Making
Resistance R
WMR
R
total
= R
F
+R
EMR
+R
WMR
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 16

Total Ships Resistance
Skin Frictional
Resistance R
F
Eddy Making
Resistance R
EMR
Wave Making
Resistance R
WMR
R
total
= R
F
+R
EMR
+R
WMR
Residuary
Resistance R
R
R
total
= R
F
+R
R
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 17

Total Resistance
R
F

R
R
R
T
= R
F
+ R
R

V
S

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 18

AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
Thank You for Your Attention!

Factors Affecting Ship
Resistance

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 19

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 20

Total Resistance
R
F

R
R
R
T
= R
F
+ R
R

V
S

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 21

Factors Affecting Ship Resistance
Neglected abovewater part
Still water
R
T
= f(x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, ....)
What are x1,x2,x3,etc ?
Under the assumption
Assume
The Question is
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
V
S

Water
R
T
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 22

AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
R
T

V
S

1.Ship Speed Vs
L

2.Ship Size L
Density p
3.Water density
Viscosity u
4.Water Viscosity
G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

5.Gravity g
Pressure p
6.Water Pressure p
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 23

AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
R
T

V
S

a
T
R p
f e d c b a
p g L V R u p
b
T
V R
c
T
L R
d
T
R u
e
T
g R
f
T
p R
Hence,
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 24

f e d c b a
T
p g L V R u p
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
V
S

G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

R
T

L

Density p
Viscosity u
Pressure p
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 25

Define
u
p L V
R
s
n
=
Non dimensional quantity
Reynold Number
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
R
T

V
S

L

Viscosity u
G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

Pressure p
Density p
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 26

Define
gL
V
F
s
n
=
Froudes Number
V
S

G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
R
T

Viscosity u
Pressure p
Density p
L

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 27

Define
2
5 . 0
s
T
T
SV
R
C
p
=
Total Resistance Coeff.
Wetted Surface Area S
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
V
S

G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

L

Density p
Viscosity u
Pressure p
R
T

MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 28

Using Dimensional Analysis
f e d c b a
T
p g L V R u p
Can be written as:
AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
V
S

G
r
a
v
i
t
y

g

R
T

L

Density p
Viscosity u
Pressure p
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 29

|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
gL
V L V
f
SV
R
s s
s
T
,
5 . 0
2
u
p
p
C
T
R
n
F
n
| |
n n T
F R f C , =
Hence,
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 30

Total Resistance
R F T
R R R + =
Divide by
2
5 . 0
s
SV p
2 2 2
5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0
s
R
s
F
s
T
SV
R
SV
R
SV
R
p p p
+ =
R F T
C C C + =
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 31

| |
n n T
F R f C , =
R F T
C C C + =
Hence,
| |
n F
R f C = | |
n R
F f C =
Recall,
But
and,
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 32

F s F
s
F
F
C SV R
SV
R
C
2
2
5 . 0
5 . 0
p
p
=
=
| |
n F
R f C = | |
n R
F f C =
R s R
s
R
R
C SV R
SV
R
C
2
2
5 . 0
5 . 0
p
p
=
=
Frictional Resistance
Residuary Resistance
MM545 M.A. Kotb
9/29/2012 33

AIR
Air-Water
Interface
Water
Thank You for Your Attention!

1 2 Ship Resistance Components Mm545 Sep2012

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Ship Resistance and Powering

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