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6.002x (/courses/MITx/6.002 Capacitors and First Order

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In reality, MOSFET has capacitance associated with the gate:

(/courses/MITx/6.002x/2012_Fall/wiki/6.00

LAST MODIFIED:

Aug. 23, 2012, 4:36 p.m.

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and the MOSFET really looks more like:

Therefore, understanding the effect of capacitors are desirable to better understand the general circuit operation.

C a p a cit or Ideal parallel plate capacitor

As we saw in the lecture,

t

Therefore, voltage across the capacitor depends on the past history of current flowing through it (Memory effect). This is called a state variable.

td i

1 = v ro

vd td C = i

Consider the following circuit:

In general, the circuit behavior can be determined by: Input waveforms Output conditions Differential equations describing the ciruit and can be solved completely mathematically. Now let's walk through step by step with an example. We are given a circuit with some initial condition as follows:

and
) t( Cvd

For a solution of a form:

) t(
PC

where : Homogeneous solution (natural response)

) t( H Cv

: Particular solution (forced response) ,

NI

Differential equation becomes:

) t( Cvd

Particular solution should satisfy the differential equation:

) t(
P Cvd

Trying solution of a form:

K =
PC

NI

NI

V = ) t(

V = ) t(

PC

V = ) t( N Iv

v+

v+

td

td

CR

CR

0 > t

2) Find a particular solution For

0 =

) t(

) t( Cvd

NI

v = ) t(

td

v + ) t(

C+

) t( Cv

Formulate differential equation Node analysis at

N Iv

v+

HC

) t(

v = ) t( Cv

td

) t( Cv

CR

) t( Cv

Can we describe how

evolve in time?

) t(

PC

and by trial and error,

NI CR /t

3) Find a homogeneous solution Homogeneous differential equation:

) t( H Cvd

Trying solution of a form:

/t

By plugging-in the above differential equation, we can easily find

CR =

Therefore:
CR /t

4) Apply initial conditions The total solutions are simply:

CR /t

Thus the final solution is:

)
CR /t

Finally, we can describe the above results graphically as follows:

N IV

) t( Cv ) t( N Iv

= ) t( Ri

Current through

is then:

e 1(

NI

V = A

NI

V = ) t( Cv

0 = ) t( Cv

with initial condition

, one can find A:

0 = ) t( H Cv +

eA +

eA =

V =

eA =

NI

PC

V = ) t( Cv

HC

td

HC

v v v CR

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