Internet

2300 : Internet
: In ter
net In ternet Internet
,
,
, Internet

( CIP)
Internet / . - : ,
2001 .6
ISBN 7502931716
. . . .T P393 .
4 - 61
CIP (2001) 034176

Internet

: :
: : :

( 46 : 100081 )

: 850mm1168mm 1/ 32 : 9 .5 : 311
2001 6 1 2001 6 1
: 00015000 : 20 .00


, Internet ( )
,
In ternet ,
,
Internet ,
,
, In ternet ,
In ternet
2300 :
Internet ,
In ternet :

Internet
:


, ,

, , : Internet
( InternetIn ternet Internet
) ; Internet ( Internet Internet
In ternet In ternet Explore 5 .0
) ; In ternet (


) ;
, Internet
, , , In ternet
,

, Internet


,
,

2001 1


1 . ,
2 . :
3 . ,

4 . , 1 , 2 , 3

5 . ,
6 . ,
,

A ( 1)

N ( 125)

B (15)

O ( 135)

C (24)

P ( 141)

D (40)

Q ( 153)

E (53)

R ( 155)

(63)

S ( 165)

G (73)

T ( 184)

H (78)

( 194)

(87)

V ( 200)

(99)

( 205)

K ( 101)

X ( 213)

L ( 103)

Y ( 214)

( 110)

Z ( 215)

In ternet ( 217)
1 . In ternet

( 217)

2 . In ternet ( 218)
3 . In ternet ( 220)
4 . TCP/ IP Internet ( 223)
5 . ( 226)
6 . ( 229)
1

 In ternet ( 236)
1 . ( 236)
2 . ( 236)
3 . ( 237)
4 . In ternet Explore 5 .0 ( 238)
5 . ( 245)
6 . In ternet Explore 5 .0 ( 246)
In ternet ( 252)
1 . ( 252)
2 . ( 254)
3 . ( 257)
4 . ( 261)
5 . ( 263)
6 . ( 266)
7 . ( 271)
8 . ( 273)
9 . ( 274)
10 . ( 276)
( 283)

A
a a
U nix Gopher Lynx

abbreviation
In ternet

 ,
: Rite Right , B4
Before

, A
; R ;

ABE ABE
DOS
( ASCII )

F ;
I
,

binary file , ASCII file

absolute address

abend ;

crash , bomb

relative address

Adobe Systems Corp .

Adobe
Adobe ,
Photoshop
http:/ / www .adobe .com

absolute coordinate

relative coordinate

abstract
abort ,

,
,
;

abstract syntax

Abort ,Retry, Fail, Ignore?

Acceptable Use Policy

, , , ?

DOS ,

Internet ( ISP )

AU P

access privileges
,

access
1 .

2 . Internet , :

3 .

4 .

access provider
,

service provider

5 .
6 .
7 .

access server
communication server ,

access code
,

access control

access time

access denied

1 . Internet

2 .

account
Internet ,
Internet

access number
4

ACK

( acknowledgement)

1 .

Asynchronous Communica
tions Server

2 .
NAK

active window

ACM
( Association for Computing Ma
chinery)
1947
,

adapter

,

,
,

address

Machinery

Internet
In ternet
Email address, IP address,
URL

acronym [ ] [ ]

address book

Association for Compu ting

: DOS Disk Operating Sys

tem ,

TCP/ IP T ransmission Cont rol Proto

col/ Internet Protool

address bus

ACS

( Asynchronous Communications
Server )

ADD
( Advanced Digital Network)
5


In ternet

Adobe Acrobat Reader

Adobe
Adobe Systems

ARPANET
In ternet
ARPANET

agent
1 .
,

( plugin) ,

PDF ( Portable Document For

intelligen t agent

mat )

2 .

PDF , plugin

3 .

Adobe Photoshop Adobe

adobe

AI
( Artificial Intelligence)

advanced query

,
,

alias ,
1 .
,

advanced Research Projects Agency

ARPA

nick
2 . Internet

advanced Research Projects A

gency Network
6

bookmark

alignment

,

alternative newsgroups

( Usenet newsgroup)
( talk , comp, misc,
news, rec ,sci ,soc) ,

alphanumeric data

alt .
( U senet newsgroup)
alt . alternative

: alt() , biz()
newsgroup , U senet

America Online
,
AOL

,
alt .
newsgroup , U senet

AmericanNational Standards Institute

alt key
,

1918 ,

, ,

: Ct rl + Alt + Delete

; Ct rl + C

h ttp :/ / www .ansi .org

ANSI

AltaVista AltaVista

American Standard Code for In

( Digital Equipmen t

formation Interchange

Corporation , DEC )

Internet ,

h ttp :/ / ww w .al

, 128 , : 96

tavista .digital .com

, 32

search engine , WWW

ASCII
7 ( bit )

ASCII

; NOT

; OR

ASCII

boolean operator

,
ASCII

ANI

(Automatic Number Identification)

ASCII

( ISDN )

ISDN

Anarchie
Macintosh ,

Animation

Archie F TP
Archie, F TP

anchor
, ,

( HTML ) ,

annoybot
Internet ( IRC , In ternet
Relay Chat )
IRC

anonymous FTP

FTP

HT ML , tag

Internet

AND, OR & NOT

( )

anonymous ,

, ,

George Boole ( 1815

F TP

1864) AND
,

anonymous FTP host

 FTP
,

anonymous F TP, FTP

App
application ,

ANSI
( American National Standards
Institute)

Apple
,

Macintosh (

1918 ,

Mac) ,

, ,
,

h ttp :/ / www .ansi .org

AppleTalk
1 . ( AppleTalk net
work)
,

answer only modem

Apple

2 . Apple
,
AppleT alk networking software ,

antivirus

IBM Apple

,

virus

application
any key

,
press any key to con tin

, application
program
app

ue, st rike any key ,

 F TP

Application Layer
OSI

, McGill

, ,

archie

:
archie . ans . net ( ANS

)
archie .t hdar mstadte
archie .au

April Fools jokes

archie .unive .ac .at

archie .ac .il

4 1

archie .uqam .ca

archie .wide .ad .jp

archie .s ogang .ac .kr

archie .luth .se

ARC , ARC

archie .switch .ch

1 . DOS

archie .unipi .it

2 .ARC ARC At tached

F TP

Resources Computing Network ,

DataPoin t

archie client archie

, ,

archie

, ,

ARC 93

archie

105

, 255 ARC
,
2 .5MbpsARCnetPlus
20Mps Novell Netware

archie server archie

FTP
,
Archie site

Archie

archie server program

F TP

archie

10

 , archie
FTP

Arithmetic Unit

,
,

archie site archie

archie

ARPA

archie server

(advanced Research Projects Agency)

ARPANET

archive , ,

In ternet

1 .Internet

2 .

ARPANET
( Advanced

Research

Projects

Agency Network)

archive file

1960 1970

, In ternet ,

archive site
1 . ,
FTD

,
Internet
Internet

2 .
,

arrow key

Are you on the Net ?

, ,

,
, Internet
?

article ,
( U senet newsgroup)

11

U senet

ASCII ,
ASCII

Artificial Intelligence
,
,

ASCII

AI

ASCII character set

ASCII
128 ASCII

artificial language

, :

ASCII file ASCII

, ASCII
.t xt .asc ASCII

ascending order

,
ASCII
: 1 100 , a z
descending order

ASCII
( American Standard Code for In
formation Interchange)

, 128 , : 96
, 32
ASCII
7 ( bit )
ASCII
,

12

ASCII graphic ASCII

ASCII

ASCII ,signature

ASCII protocol ASCII

,

Asymmetric modem

,
,

Asynchronous communication

ASCII

ASCII

Association for Computing Machinery

1947

real

time ,

synchronous

communication

AsynchronousCommunicationsServer

ACM

,
,

Asterisk *

ACS

, DOS,
,

Asynchronous Computer

: C > dir .

copy .exe A:
exe A

,
,

stardotstar , wild card

13

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Gbps
4 .

, 2 .5km , FDDI

( Asynchronous T ransfer Mode,

100 200km , ATM

ATM)

LAN , WAN ,

,
53

5 . ATM

, 5

, 48

ATM ,

2 . 2Mbps
ATM (Cell Relay)

6 . ATM 53

ATM ,

, 5

, 48

, ,

, ATM

,
ATM
:
1 . ATM
,
,
LAN WAN ,

ATM

Asynchronous

T ransfer

Mode

attachment

Email

2 . ATM
, ,
,

audio adapter ,
sound card

audio board ,

3 . ATM 51
622 Mbps ,

14

sound card

audio streaming

multmedia, RealAudio , video

st reaming

.au

auto bypass

,

,
ex tension , file type

auto dial

AUP

( Acceptable Use Policy)

Acceptable Use Policy

auto logon

authentication ,

Automated Office

, (

authorization code

:
)

Office Au tomation OA

auto answer

automatic volume recognition

AVR

auto attendant

autosave

available space
auto baud detect

15

awk
.avi /
, ( Mi
crosoft ) /
( Audio Video In terleave )

ex tension , file type

16

1 unix

B
b , ,

2 .

1 . byte
2 .UNIX back background job
byte , back

back ,

,
background

backslash \
DOS

backbone ( ) , ( )
In
ternet

: C: \ WINDOWS \ SYS
TEM
directory , subdirectory

Internet ,

backspace key

( T he National Science Foundation)

PC ,

NSF NET

ChinaNet

backup ,
backbone network
,

backbone

backup copy
background ,
1 .

,
, backup disk

17

backup file

2 .
bandwid th

bang !
backup power
,

bat tery backup , U PS

.bak
,
backup file

balloon help

1 .

2 . U NIX U UCP

U UCP

bar code

,

baseband

,

,

baseband transmission

broadband transmission

BASIC BASIC
bandwidth

, Hz( )
bandwid th hog

Dart mou th
John Kemeny T homas Kurtz
60
,

bandwidth hog ,
1 .

18

batch file transfer

battery backup

Because It
s Time Network BIT

2500 ,

backup power , U PS

,
Internet

baud ,

BIT NE T

Beijing OnLine

bit , bps

1996
,

bboard
BBS BBS

BBS
( Bulletin Board System)

: ht tp :/ / www .bol .co .cn

beta beta
,
,

, ,

, , , ,

Big Blue

Internet ,
Bulletin Board System

bcc
( blind carbon copy)

IBM
IBM

big seven
: com p( ) ,

misc( ) , news ( ) , rec

( ) , talk( ) ,soc ( ) ,

sci( )

cc , Email

beam

newsgroup , U senet

bigot ,

19

Macnitosh ,

binaries newsgroup

binary

ASCII

binary file , ASCII file, uuen

binary ,

code

1 . , 0 1
,
2 .

bis
bis ,

binary data

,
: V .32bis V .32 ,

V .32

binary file

bit , , , ,

1 . ,
,

Bit binary digit ,

binary , by te

ASCII file , text file

2 . ,
BI N

bit bucket

,

binary file transfer

,
black hole

bite ,
byte

BinHex Macnitosh
( binary hexadecimal)
20

bitmap ,

 , ,

(pixel) ,

, ,

bit bucket

BITNET BIT
( Because I ts Time Network )

blind carbon copy

2500 ,

Internet

bcc

Because Its Time Network

bloatware
bits per second /

, ,

, ,

bps

bitty box

block
1 .
: Xmodem ,
128 , Zmodem ,

biz .
biz business
( Usenet newsgroup)

1024
Xmodem , Zmodem
2 . ,

newsgroup , U senet

blow up
abend , bomb , crash

black hole

.bmp

21

 ex tension , file type

2 .Apple ,
,

board ,

1 . , BBS

abend , crash

BBS

3 .

2 .

bookmark
body

1 .

2 . <

BODY > </ BODY >

HTML

bogus ,

bogus newsgroup

boolean logic
boolean operator

boolean operator
: AND,

OR NOT,

boink

AND
NOT

( U senet newsgroup)

Boolean search
,

bomb ,
1 .

Boolean operator

22

boot

 Lifting oneself by one s

( bits per second)

bootst raps
( )

cold boot , war m boot

:
33600bps , 56000bps

boot drive

bridge

( bridge) ,
,

bootable disk

gateway , router

,
system disk

broadband transmission

bounce ,

,

,
,

bounce message
,
,

box
, UNIX

baseband t ransmission , band

widt h

ter minal

broadcast

bozo filter bozo

broken link ,
bps / , /

23

Mosaic
Communicator , Internet Ex

,
,

plorer , Lynx , Mosaic, Netscape

btoa
broken pipe

, UNIX
( binary file) ASCII
binary file ,ASCII file

buffer

brouter

,
,

bug ,

In

ternet bridge

b router

bridge, router

, ,

browse
, gopher

buggy software

, Usenet

browser

,

bullet

Netscape Communication In

Bulletin Board System

ternet Explorer

Lynx,

24

 , ,

, , , ,

Internet ,
BBS

Bulletin Board System Operator

BBS

bus ,

bus topology

,

,

,
,

,
daisy chain
ring topology , star topology

busy

25

buzz word ,

byte8 bit

stop word ,

byte byte

(character)

( kilobyte ) ,

: a , and , t he, that , t his

( megabyte ) ( gigabyte )
byte bite
bit , bite , character , kilobyte,

by hand
,

megabyte, gigabyte

byte multiplexer
byte

bit ( ) ,
bit
bit

26

C
, 24

C C
( Bell ) 1970

C

UN IX
C

cable modem
,

+ +

+ +

C
, C

cache

c shell c

cache disk

U nix

cable
CAD

Compu terAided Design

cable modem

CAI
,
Compu ter Assisted Instruction

CAM

ComputerAided

Manufactur

27

ing

(Usenet newsgroup )

CALL

Bot robot

( Computer

Assisted

Language

Learning)

CapsLock

Call for votes

U senet

; ,

, capture
CF V

1 . ,

CALL software

: Hyper SnapDX,
Jas Cap ture , SnagIt32
2 .

, ,

CWIS

(CampusWide Information Server)

CWIS

carbon copy ,
cc

cancel , ,
1 .

card

2 .

caret
cancelbot

28

1 . , 3

carrier

^6 , 3 6

2 . , ^X

Ct rl X, Windows

^X

3 .

, ,
; ,

careware ,

shareware

carrier detect

carrier

carpet bombing

cascade ,

1 . :

;
,

carpetbagger
Internet

;
,

;

carriage return ,
Re
t urn Enter

2 . :

caseinsensitive

29

cd

, In ter

cd change directory U

net , INT ERNET , internet

NIX DOS

DOS Apple

U NIX

casesensitive

CD
,

, ,

case - sensitive

compact disk

caseinsensitive

CDROM
(CompactDisc - Read Only Memory)
,

cc , , ,
(carbon copy)
cc :

censorship
Internet ,

:
,

bcc, Email

CCITT
(International Telegraphand Telephone central processing unit
ConsultativeCommittee)

CP U

, , 160
X .25 , X .400

CERNET
CERNET
, ,

30

( Color Graphics Adapter )

PC

CGA ,

C ERNET

EGA, V GA , SVGA

, 1994 , 1995
,


, ( )
( ) ( )
( ) (
) ( )
( ) 100
,
CERNET In
ternet 2000
, ,

CERNET
: www .cernet .edu .cn

CGI
( Common Gateway Interface)

CGI

channel
1 .

2 .IRC ,

IRC

CFV
( Call For Votes)
( Usenet )


,
,

big seven , newsgroup

channel hopping
IRC

IRC

channel op
IRC
op operator

CGA

31

cd

chanop
channel op

character ,

cheap ,,

check box

byte

bit , byte

child directory
( parent directory )

character based interface

,
paren t directory

,
,

CHINANET

, UN IX

GU I

charter

1994 8 30

Sprint ,

CHI NANET , 1995 6 , CHI

NANET
,

chat ,

In ternet
CHINANET

IRC

Internet

IRC

chdir
32

CHINAGBNET

Network , IP address

,
, 24 Class B Network B
1996 9 ,
,
Internet

B B
IP 128 191
Class A Network , Class C
Network , IP addrss

chip

Class C Network C
C C

ciphertext

IP 192 221
Class A Network , Class B
Network , IP address

CIS
(CompuServe Information Service)

clear key

Cisco Systems

click

Cisco

, 2000

, ,

h ttp :/ / www .cisco .

com

clickable graphic
, im
agemap ,

Class A Network A
A
BC
A A
IP 1 127

imagemap

Class B Network , Class C

33

client ,
1 .

2 .

cls
DOS ,
,

clueless newbie

client/ server network

/

netiquette, shouting

peertopeer network

coax
coaxial ca

clip art

ble

coaxial cable

clipboard

, coax

COBOL COBOL
( COmmon

clobber ,
delete, remove

Business

Oriented

Language)
1959
,

close

code

close box

code set

cold boot
34

command key

warm boot
war m boot

Apple
( Apple key)

cold start
cold boot

, C (
, C )
( copy) , V

Color Graphics Adapter

(paste)
Apple key

PC
CGA ,

command line
,

: DOS , C:

.com( commercial)
,
: w ww .ibm .com

\ > ; A: \ > ; UNIX ,

domain name

commercial access provider

COM port

Com communications
,

CHINANET CERNET CHI

NAGBNET , America Online

COMM port
COM por t

commercial software

command

communications

35

communications program

communications software

communications protocol

communications server

,
,

communications software

communications program

Communicator Netscape
Netscape 1997 1
Navigator
Communicator

36

 Netscape ,

, ,

: h ttp :/ / ww w .Netscape .Com

Netscape

Communicator ,

decompression,selfextracting file

Netscape Navigator

CompuServe InformationSystem
comp .
( U senet newsgroup)

CIS

Comp compu ter

Computer AssistedLanguage Learning

big seven ,newsgroup ,Usenet

compact disk

CALL

computer

, ,

CD

ComputerAided Design
compatibility

CAD

,
,

ComputerAided Manufacturing

compile

CAM

Computer Assisted Instruction

compression

Internet

,
CAI

37

computer instruction set

machine inst ruction set

: ( mailing
list ) , ( Usenet newsgroup ) ,
Internet ( IRC) ,
(BBS)
BBS , IRC , Usenet , Iphone,
Videoconferencing

computer language
1 .
2 . , machine language,

configuration

Computerworld Daily

htt p :/ / www . compu ter

world .com .cn

congestion

,
,

concentrator
,
,

connect time

, ,
,

connection

1 . UNIX :

, ,

UNIX

, ,

conferencing

38

2 .SL IP/ PP P : SLIP Serial

Line Interface Protocol( )

PP P PointtoPoin t Proto

col( )

control key
Ctrl

(ISP ) In ternet ,

: Ctrl

3 . :
,

4 . :

control panel
Windows

direct connection , ISP , SLIP/

PPP

conversational mode
,

contentnetwork technology

1 .
,

2 .

(yahoo)

interactive mode

,
, My
yahoo( ) ,
h ttp :/ / www .my .yahoo .com

cookie

,

push technology

CoolTalk CoolTalk
context sensitive menu

Netscape Navigator 3 .0

,

39

Corporation for Research and E

ducation Networking

copy ;

CREN

1 . ,

,

corrupted file
,
,

2 .
clipboard , paste

counter

copy protection


,

country code


: cn ( Chi

copyleft
copyright ,

na) , ca ( Canada ) , jp
( Japan)
:

,
(public domain) ,

courseware

copyright

cp
copyright

U NIX
cp copy

( Public Domain)

CPU

( Central Processing Unit)

copyleft

486586 PP

40

crawler

spider

CR
carriage return

CREN
( Corporation for Research and
Education Networking)

cracker

BITNET CXNET

BIT NE T , CSNET

hacker

crippleware

crapplet
crap( ) applet (
) , Java

demoware , freeware, share

ware

Java

crash

, ,

cross posting
( Usenet
newsgroup)
spamming

abend , bomb

crash recovery

CSNET ( )
( Computer + Science Network)
,
BI TNET
CR EN ,

BIT NE T , CREN

41

CSTNET

, :

CWIS
(CampusWide Information Server)
,

NCFC

CASNET

CER NE T
CST NE T

cybercad

Ctrl
cont rol key

cybercafe

cursor
,

cyberchat

cursor keys
,

, IRC
IRC

cybernaut
CUSeeMe ,

cyberspace
,

cut ,

William Gibson

Neuromancer(

) ,

clipboard , paste

Internet

42

1 .

cyberspeak

2 .

cybrarian
cyber ( ) li
brarian( )
,

cycle power
,
cold boot
cold boot

cycle time

D
d
deci ,

demon , UNIX
,
,

DAA
(Data Access Arrangement)
1

daisy chain ,
, bus topolo

gy
2

Data Access Arrangemen t

,

,

daemon

43

data bits

,
ring topology , star topology

,
, :
( character) ( byte )

DARPA

bit , by te , character

( Defense

Advanced

Research

Projects Agency)

data block

ARPA 1980 1990

ARPA

data bus
1

data

data access arrangement

Data Access Arrangement

DAA
DAA

data administration

bus

data channel

data code
, :
ASCII

data bank

Data Encryption Key

data base

Data E ncryption Key

data base
data bank , database

44

DEK ,

Data Encryption Standard

Data Encryption Standard

data recovery

DES,

, IBM

data stream
1

data entry

data block

data transfer
data link layer
OSI ,

data t ransmission

,

,

data transfer rate

,
,

data modem

,

( bits per second , bps)

Kbps( / ) , Mbps (
/ ) , Gbps (/ )

data packet
,

data transmission

data processing

data t ransfer

45

database

: 525
35
HD

database server

debbie
,

newbie

data/ fax modem

debug ,
/ ,

debugger

datagram
,
: ,
,

DEC
(Digital Equipment Corporation)
,
: VAX 64 Alpha

DBS ( )

(Direct Broadcasting Satallite)

18

deca (da)

,
,

decimal number
0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9

binary

DD
(Double Density)

46

decoder

DejaNews Research Service Deja

decompression

( Usenet
newsgroup)
: h ttp :/ / ww w .dejanews .com
search engine, WWW

Internet
, ,



: ARJP KZIPRAR
ZipMagic
WinZip
compression

decryption

DEK
(Data Encryption Key)
encryp tion

delete

delurk

,

dedicated line

lurk

default ,,
,

demon
daemon

denizen
Denied netizan ,

DES

(Data Encryption Standard)

Data Encryption Standard

47

descending order

(modem)

Shell account SLIP/ PPP

: 100 1 ; z a

shell account , SL IP/ PP P

ascending order

dial up account

desk accessory
Apple ,
,

desktop
,

icon

dial up

dialogue box

,
,

desktop computer

,
,

dictionary flame

; , , ,

lap top , notebook , palmtop

( U senet newsgroup)

,

desktop publishing

flame

, ,

dial up

48

digest ,
( mailing list )

mailing list

digital ,

digitize

Direct Broadcast Satellite

( )

digital camera
,

DBS

direct connection

:

digital cash

dedicated line, leased line

Internet
Ecash

directory

digital clock

(root directory)

digital data

directory list
Digital Video Interactive

Digital Video In teractive

DVI , ( Intel)

directory path
1 DOS , PATH
,

49

 ; DOS

( hard disk )

( floppy disk )

, ,

, 525 35

2 ,
Web

hard disk , floppy disk ,

drive

disk drive

htt p :/ / www . chinapages . com/

guoan .h tml

directory , domain

name,

URL

disk format
,

directory tree

, ,
,
,

disclaimer

disk pack ,
1

discussion group
( mailing)
( Usenet newsgroup )IRC

2
pack

IRC , mailing list , Usenet

diskcopy

disk
,

50

, ,

diskette
525 35

floppy disk

DNS
IP In ter
net ,
, In
ternet , ( Do
main Naming System , DN S )
I P ,
,
IP

diskless workstation

CP U RAM
,
,

: IP
: 202 .38 .128 .54 , ,
: ww w .ihep .ac .cn ,

distributed computing

com

ibm .com , intel .com

edu

usc .edu , harvard .edu

gov

whitehouse .gov

mil

army .mil

net

htv .net

org

hk ta .org

distributed Server

domain name , InterNIC , IP

address

,
,

doc
Document

peertopeer network

doc doc
disusered

, Microsoft

51

 WORD

4 :

: .doc, book .doc

ex tension , file t ype

domain name
In ternet

document info

Netscape

View ,

document info ,

tsing .edu .cn , tsing

, edu

, cn
(China )

dogpile

domain , coun try code , URL ,

DNS

domain name address

Internet

domain ,
Internet
,

: : h ttp :/ /

Internet

w ww .sina .com

IP

, : cn

(China) , ca ( Cana

domain name , IP address

da) , tw ( Taiwan ) , au
( Australia ) , jp
(Japan) , ru ( Russia)
: nba .com com
; w ww .cer
net .edu .cn cn

52

domain name server

IP

domain name , IP address

Domain Naming System

U NIX

DNS

: . plan , . signature, . profile

doom

dot matrx printer

dot

,
: abc .docAUTOEX

dots per inch

dots per inch dpi ,

EC .BAT CONFIG .SYS

:
h ttp :/ / www .sohu .com
h ttp :/ / www .sina .com

h ttp :/ / www .263 .com

double click
,

h ttp :/ / www .163 .com

h ttp :/ / www .east .cn .net

double density disk

dot address IP

DD

(dotted decimal notation)

,
IP , : 202 .38 .128 .54
domain name address , IP ad

double dot
DOS ,
: cd . .

dress

dot file

double side disk

U NIX

53

 ( single sided)
DD

doubled sig


,

down ,

,

download

,

,
, ,

shell account ,
,

,
,

SL IP/ P PP ,

SL IP/ PP P, upload

dpi /
54

(Dots Per Inch)

dots per inch

drag

drag and drop

,
,

DS1
(Digital Signal Level 1)
T1 1544Mbps

DS2
drive
disk drive

drop down menu

drop list menu
,

(Digital Signal Level 2 )

T2 6312Mbps

DS3
(Digital Signal Level 3)
T3 44736Mbps

, ,

drop list menu

drop down menu

DS/ DD
(Double Sided/ Double Density)

DS4
(Digital Signal Level 4)
T4 274176Mps

dumb terminal
,
,

, ,

DS/ HD
(Double Sided/ High Density)

dump

DS0

(Digital Signal Level)

T 1
64Mbps

duplex system
,

55

Dynamic region area

Dynamic area

duplex transmission

dynamic storage
1

DVI
Digital Video In teractive

Dynamic area
,

dynamic network services

, :


;

56

E
earphone
,

ASCII ,ARPA NE T

EC ,
1 .Education Computer ,

EARN
( European Academic and Re

2 .Engineering change ,

search Network)
27

Ecash

500 ,

BI T ( BI TNET )

BIT NE T

earth station

echo ,

1 . ,

2 . ,

DBS

Edison Edison
EBCDIC

( Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange Code)
IBM
ASCII

Pascal ,

edit

57

editor ,
1 .

HT ML
2 .

EGA
( Enhanced Graphics Adapter)
PC

,

.edu
(education)
,

EGA CGA

CGA, EGA, VGA, SVGA,

monitor

: University of Sout hern Cali

fornia :
ht tp :/ / www .cwis .usc .edu

eject ,

Arizona State University

Ejournal ,

:
ht tp :/ / info .asu .edu
Louisiana State University
:

( Electronic journal)

,

ht tp :/ / unixl .sncc .lsu .edu

Educational Resources Informa

tion Certer

electronic book

Electronic Bulletin Board

ee ee
U NIX

58

BBS

electronic discussion lists

1 .

mailing list , Listserv

electronic forum

,
2 .

mailing list , Listserv

electronic journal
Ejournal

: ( Hot mail) ,

electronic library

,

h ttp :/ / ww w . hotmail .com ;

: htt p :/ / w ww .
263 .com ; h ttp :/ /
w ww .163 .com
3 .

electronic magazine
,

4 .

, Gopher WWW

Internet
,

Ezine

electronic mail
( Electronic mail ,
Email ) In ternet
,
,
,

Email address .

59

1 .

electronic mall
,
, ,
:
ecash .

2 .

3 . ,


( HTML ) ( tag)

electronic message
Email

electronic money
ecash

HT ML , tag

elevator ,
,
,

Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Computer

scroll , scroll box

ENIAC ,

elm elm
U NIX

electronic publishing

pine

pine

electronic text
,
Etex t ,

emacs
U NIX

electronic tutor

Email address

In
ternet
: @

element , ,
60

, ,

@ ,
( at )

emoticon

(emotional icon)

,
Email

Email reader

, smiley

: - ) , : <

emotional icon

Email

emoticon

Email terrorism

enclosure

attachmen t

mail bombing , E - mail

encoding
,

embedded computer

encryption

,
,

embedded hyperlink

decryption

encryption key

61


(decryp tion key )

decryption

end key
PC End
,
( cursor )
, ( Ctrl )

enduser
,

engine

Enhanced Graphics Adapter

EGA

enhanced keyboard
,
,

62

ENIAC

ERIC

( Electronic Numerical Integrator

( Educational Resources Informa

and Computer)

tion Center )

E ducational Resources Infor

mation Center

enter key
,
, Enter Return

error checking

error control
enterzone

error checking

error correction
entry ,

environment

error message

( platform)

: DOSU NIX Windows

platform , DOS, Windows

Esc ( )
, Escape key

EOF

( End Of File)

Escape key
erase ,

Esc

delete

63

Etext ,

, : htt p :/ / w ww .

( Electronic text)

eudora .com

elect ronic

tex t ,

Project

Gutenberg

Eudora Forum
Eudora

Ethernet ,
Ethernet Xerox

European Academic and Research

1975

Network

( LA N)

EARN

Xerox
DEC In tel

Excel

, , 1980

9 ,

, PC Apple

Microsoft Office

10 Mbps

Excel5 . 0Excel97Ex

cel2000

Excite

100Mbps,

1000Mbps,

, ,

: htt p :/ / www .excite .

com

LAN

.exe
eudora

Eudora Light

64

exe file , file type

exe file
Excu table file ,
,

,
,
demoware, shareware

.
Exe

Explorer
( Microsoft )

execute ,
( operating sys
tem )
initial loading , launch , run ,

Internet Explorer

Microsoft Internet Explorer

star t

Exended ASCII
exit

ASCII
ASCII ASCII
128 , 127

expiration date
1 . ,

, 255
ASCII

2 .

Extended Binary Coded Decimal

Interchange Code

EBCDIC

expired article

extended memary
expired article

CPU

1 M

expiration date

extension

expireware

: .doc Word , .tx t

65

 , .h tm .ht ml

HTML , .bm p

, .mpg , .mpeg , .

, ,

zip , .prg

, .dbf

, .exe Apple

, DOS

external viewer
external modem

( Helper Application)

helper application

Ezine ,

( Electronic magazine)

internal modem

ezine,
fanzine, zine

external storage
,

66

F
f ,
1 .forward U NIX

fair use ,

,

Email , forward

2 .follow up U NIX

copyright , copyleft

follow up

fall back
face ,
1 . ,

2 .

modem

face time ( )

fall off

facetoface ( )

false drop
facsimile ( ) ,
fax , ,

Boolean operator , hit

fanzine

zine

fade ,

67

FAQ
(Frequently Asked Question)

abend , bomb , crash .

1 .
2 .

favorite

Microsoft In ternet Expolrer

F AQL

bookmark , hot list

FAQ list

fax ,
1facsimile ,

FAQL
( Frequently Asked Question List)
FAQ ,

facsimile
2 . ,

fax modem

fast packet
,
( fast packet
switching network )
( Asynchronous T ransfer Mode ,

fax modem
,

fax , modem

ATM)

FDDI
FAT

( Fiber Dis

file allocation table

t ributed Data In terface , FDDI )

100Mbps

, A NSI

fatal error

68

F DDI 100Mbps

5 .

F DDI ,

( backbone ) ,

, ,

6 .

FDDI

F DDI

500 ,

( ISO) ,

2 , FDDI

, CDII

fiberoptic cable , fiberoptic

communication

F DDI ,
, FDDI
:
1 .
F DDI
, 125M Hz
100 Mbps
2 .
,
2
, 25

fetch
1 .

2 .Macin tosh FTP

F TP

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

F DDI

100 ,
200
3 .

fiberoptic cable
,

4500 ,

4 .

69

,
, ,
, ,

file allocation table

F AT

, ,
,
,

file attribute

:

,
,

fiberoptic communication

F DDI , Internet II

file compression
compression

file conversion
1 .

file type
2 .

field ,
,

file format

: dbf

: ,

dbcidxcdx gif

jpgbmppcx tif

wavau ,

mpg avi

database

file
70

file type

file locking

file size
,
(by te )

file name

disk

ex tension , file type

file system

diretory , folder

file name extension

ex tension

file transfer

file server
,

F TP

,
LAN

file transfer protocol

FTP , In ternet

file server site

,
( anonymous
FTP)
anonymous F TP

FT P
,
(Download) , FTP

file sharing

, ( Upload)
F TP
FTP ( anonymous FTP )

file locking

file type
,
,

71

: .doc Word , .t xt

2 .

, .htm .html

HTML , . bmp

, .mpg , .mpeg , .
zip , .prg

fixed disk

, .dbf

Hard Disk

, .exe Apple

flame

, DOS

1 .

2 .

ex tension

mail bombing

filter
1 .

flexible disk
floppy disk

2 .
kill file

floppy disk
finger
U NIX

5 .25 3 .5

diskette

plan file

flow ,
firewall
Internet ,

1 .
2 . , :

flush
firmware
1 . ,

72

,
alignmen t , justification

folder

forgery

1 .Apple
,

PC directory di
rectory

form ,

2 .

1 .
2 .

follow up

font ( )

format ,
1 . , PC
Apple
disk format

foo
( hacker )
, XXX :
abc@ foo .com foo .com
xxx .com

footer

,

2 .
file format
3 . ,

4 .

FORTRAN FORTRAN
IBM 1954
,

footnote
,

forum

footprint

BBS , IRC , Usenet

73

2 .

forward

3 .

Email

frame relay
forward slash / ,

frame

Internet U NIX

: Apple Compu ter

free list ( )

ht tp :/ / www . apple .
com/

Foxpro Foxpro

Free Software Foundation

FQA

F SF

(Frequently Questioned Acronym)

F AQ

FQDN
(Fully Qualified Domain Name)
In ternet
, , ,

freebie

domain name address, host

name

frame ,

freelore
freebie

freenet

1 . ,

Internet

, packet :

Internet

74

freeware
Free Software

FSF
(Free Software Foundation)

: Netscape

copyleft , GPL , free software

foundation

Communicator Netscape
, : htt p :/ / w ww .

FTP

Netscape .Com

(File Transfer Protocol)

shareware

file transfer protocol , down

load , upload , anonymous F TP , FTP site

Frequently Asked Question

FTP server

F AQ

Frequently Asked Question List

F TP, anonymous FTP

F QAL

FTP site
Internet

Frequently Questioned Acronym

F QA

FTP
F TP
FTP ( anonymous FTP )
F TP, anonymous FTP

fritz out
abend , bomb , crash

FUBAR
Fucked Up

front end

Beyond All Recognition,

GU I

full duplex
,

half duplex

75

full featured

full service FTP FTP

F TP ,
FTP ( anonymous FT P )
FTP

full motion video

anonymous F TP

full text database

full path

: C : \ > \ foxpro \ school \

st udent .dbf

full screen editor

Fully Qualified Domaim Name

F QDN

function keys
F1

F2F3

line editor

76

G
g ,
1 .go , U NIX Go
pher Lynx ,

gateway node

2 .gigabyte , ( )

GB
(gigabyte)

GB

,
1073741824

G4 Cube
Apple

hard disk , kilobyte, megabyte

G4 Cube
, 2000 7 19 Apple

Gbps /

G4 Cube

(gigabits per second)

, 30

, 40GB ,

1000000000

15GB ,

game

bps

gearhead ,

gate

gateway

geek ( ) ,
gateway

gate,

geek code

77

GENIE
( General Electric Network for

General Public License

GPL
copyleft

Information Exchange)
,

online service

get , ,
, FTP

General Public Virus

GP V
(General Pub

Get a life ! !

lic License)

Ghod
God ,

generalpurpose computer

Ghu ,

GIF GIF ,
general purpose language

: COBOLFOR TRANBASIC

78

(Graphics Interchange Format)

CompuServe

, ,
(
J PG ) GIF

 , global ,
CompuServw 1989

GIF

JPEG

global buffer
.gif gif ,
,

( GIF )
GIF , extension , file type

global object

gig

gigabyte

GNU GNU
giga
gigabyte

(GNUS Not UNIX)

, ( Free Soft

gigabit ,

ware Foundation)

Gbps

go root

Gigabits per second /

Gbps

GigaByte
GB

,
root

gold
go gold

glitch

, ,

gopher
Gopher

79

 WWW In ter

GPL

net ,

(General Public License)

Gopher
Location Gopher

General Public License, copy

left

,
Gopher : gopher :/ / gopher .b ta .
net .cn , ,

Gopher
WWW ,

, :
,

,
,

gopher server gopher

Gopher

gopherspace gopher
Gpoher Internet

.gov
(government)
,
domain name

GPV
(General Public Virus)
1
2
GPL , General Public Virus

Graphical User Interface

GU I
( windows ) ,

graphics

graphics conversion

Graphics Interchange Format

GIF

Great Renaming
1985

80

 : net mod1985

guest

, : comp (

) , misc ( ) , news (

) , rec ( ) , talk ( ) , soc

( ) , sci( )

big

seven ,

newsgroup ,

Usenet

GUI
(Graphic User Interface)
Graphic User Interface

Great Worm
Internet Wor m

guiltware

green card lawyer

gulp

group separater(GS)

guru

groupware ,

1 .

gzip

2 .Windows

, U NIX

3 .

compression , decompression ,
zip

guard
,

81

H
h
U NIX help
,

,
full duplex

help

half duplex channel

hack around
,

hacker

half duplex

hard boot
cold boot

hard copy ,
hacker jargon

soft copy

hacker

hard disk
Halcyon Internet
Internet

disk , fixed disk

half carry
,
,

hard disk drive

hard drive

hard drive
half duplex
,

82

,
,

 disk drive , hard , disk

hardware
,

hard error
1 .
: ,

, , , ,
,
software

soft error
2 .

hang
,

hard return

crash

( Re
t urn En ter )

hat

soft ret urn

hard stop
,

cold boot , reboot , war m boot ,

soft stop

handle , ,
1 .
,

HD
(high density)
: 12MB
525 144MB 35
HD
DD

HD
half duplex

2 . IBM 16
, ,

head

handshake ,

head crash

83

header , ,
1 .
, :
footer

help text
h , help
? Ret urn/ E nter ,

2 .
, :
,

3 . ,

datagram

helper app

heading

6 , < H1 > < H6
> , < H1 > , < H6 >
HT ML , tag

heavy iron

help ,
1 .

, ,

helper application
helper app
helper app

helper program
helper application

: , h , help
? Ret urn/ E nter ,

2 . ,

Helvetica
,

font

: PC F1

Hertz
Hz
,

84

heterogeneous computer network

hierarchical computer network

homogeneous computer net

work

hierarchical data base

heterogeneous structure

: IBM IMS

HFS
( Hierarchical File System)

hierarchical file system

H FS

directory , folder

hierarchical menu
hiccup

hierarchical name
domain name

hidden files

hierarchical routing

In ternet
,
: ,

85

hierarchy ,
1 .

highlight ,
,

H FS

2 .

hierarchical routing

3 . ( Usenet )

big seven , U senet

,
,
,

high capacity

HD

highlight bar ,
,

high density

HD

history list
highlevel language
( HLL)

: COBOLF OR T RAN

history file
1 .

high resolution
,

,

high tech

2 . ,
,

: IBM System/ 32

hit ,
1 .
2 .

3 .

86

holy war

, ,

heterogeneous computer net

work

hop ,
home computer

,
,

home directory

router

home page

hop count

Home key

hop , router

Home

hop count limit

IBM ,

home page

hop , router

home directory

horizontal scroll bar

,

homepage
home page

homogeneous computer network

scroll bar

87

host ,
( server) , :

,
, ,

hyperlink

, ,

2 . ,

host address

hourglass

IP address

host name
F QDN

wristwatch

HotBot
HotWired Ink tomi
: h ttp :/ /
w wwhotbotcom
search engine

hot link

,
hyperlink

hotlist

bookmark , favorite

hot spot ,
1 .

88

HTML
Hyper text Markup Language
,


HTML
HY ML <
> , HTML

Word2000 ,

document souce, HTTP , hy

per tex t , hyperlink , tag

HTTP
Hypertex t T ransfer Protocol

, ,
, ,

hyper tex t , hyperlinks

hub
( Hub) ,

H YML , hyper text , tag

,
,
,

HP3000 HP3000
H P

hypermedia
,

H YML , hyperlink , hyper tex t

hypertext


,

HyperCard
Apple
,

hyperlink
WWW

,
HTML
,

,



,
,
HT ML , hyperlink

Hypertext Markup Language

HT ML

,
WWW

89

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

hyphen

HT TP

Hz
hyperzine

90

Hertz

I
I
Interrupt

l2 Internet
Internet 10
, In ter
net

IA
indirect addressing

IAB Internet
( Internet Architecture Board)
Internet ( In ternet Societ y)
1983
Internet ( Internet Activi
ties Board ) In ter
net TCP/ I P ,
In ternet
: In ternet
( IE TF ) Internet
( IR TF )
I ETF , IR TF

Ibahn
infobahn , infor mation super
highway

91

IBM

( International Business Machines

Corporation)
,
,

IBM PC IBM
( IBM Personal Computer )
IBM

Big Blue ( )
1911 , IBM

IBM PCDOS

IBM

DOS Disk Operating System

, IBM

DOS PCDOS

MSDOSPCDOS IBM , MS

DOS MICROSOFT ,

( mini

compu ter) ( worksta

DOS

tion) IBM 80

IBM PC Network

IBM 1981

IBM

( Personal Computer ,
PC) ,

,
IBM PC ice
IBM 90

IBM

firewall

Big Blue

icon

IBMcompatible PC IBM
IBM ,

IBM

IBM PC

ID Internet

, IBM

( Internet Draft)

92

Internet ( In ternet

Architecture Boar t , IAB ) In

CSMA/ CD

ternet ( Internet Engineer

ing Task Force , I ET F )

Internet

F TP site, IE TF , RFC

IEEE802 .4 IEEE802 .4
Token Passing

IEEE
IE EE

IEEE802 .5 IEEE802 .5

, IEEE 80

Token Passing

IEEE802

IEEE802

LLC
MAC
LLC
MAC

IEEE802 .6 IEEE802 .6

IETF Internet
IEEE802 .1 IEEE802 .1

(Internet Engineering Task Force)

Internet ( IAB)
, Internet

IEEE802 .2 IEEE802 .2

IAB , IR TF

,
,
I EEE802 OSI
: ( LLC )
( MAC)

ignore
1 .IRC ,

IRC
2 . DOS ,

IEEE802 .3 IEEE802 .3

93

 , Abort , Ret ry , Fail, Ignore ?

inbox

( , , , ?)

ou tbox , sent box

, A
; R

indent

; F

; I

,
Abort , Retry , Fail, Ignore

index
1 .

image editing
,

( index .html index .ht m)
2 . ,

image enhancement
image editing

image file
binary file
binary file

INET
Internet , Internet
1 .In ternet ( In ternet Societ y)

imagemap

2 .In ternet

,
clickable graphic
,

info
information

infobahn
,
Internet

94

initial loading

information abstract

initial point

information industry
, ,

inline graphic

linked image

information processing
data processing

inline image
inline graphic

information service

online service

input

ou tput

information superhighway

infobahn , In ternet

InfoSeek

: h ttp :/ / w ww .infoseek .com
search engine

input/ output bus /

/

input/ output device

/
,
,
,

initial line
F OR T RAN
FORT RAN

input/ output unit /

input/ ou tput device

95

Ins key

Inser t key

instruction address
Insert key

1 .
2 .

Inser t
Ins

,
;

integrated program

, ,

overwrite

IntegratedServices Digital Network

insertion pointer

ISDN ,
,

install

Intel

, ,

installation program
install

intelligent agent

instruction
1 . ,

agent

2 .

96

intelligent hub

( Hub)

, ,

, ,

hub

ex ternal modem , modem

Interactive mode
,
1 .
,

2 .

International Information/ Word

Processing Association

IWP ,

conversational mode

International
interactive talk
IRC , talk

Organization

for

Standardization

ISO , ISO

interest group
SIG

( International Standards Organization )

1947 7 2
,

interface , ;

, 160

1 .

, 2300

ISO 1978

OSI

(Open System Interconnection )

GU I

OSI

2 .

International Telegraph and Tele

internal modem

phone Consultative Committee

97

 Comite Consultif Interma

tional Telegraphique et

Telephonique

(CCII T )
CCI TT

, In
ternet
, Internet

Internet

internaut

T CP/ IP
, Internet
,

Internet

Internet

( Advanced Research Pro

, In ternet

ject Agency , ARPA) 1969

ARPANET ARPANET

Internet

, :

ARPANE T

,
ARPANET

T CP/ IP , TCP/ IP

1 . ( Email)

( Electronic Mail,

ARPANET

Email ) In ternet

Internet , Internet

, ,

( National

Science Foundation)

2 . WWW
( World Wide

, 1985 NSF NET Web , WWW) , ,

N SFNET TCP/ I P

Internet

1990 In ternet

, Internet

98

WAIS

HTML

3 . FTP

7 . BBS
BBS ( Bulletin Board

( File Transfer Protocol,

System , BBS )

FT P) In ternet

BBS

4 . Telnet
Telnet

,
8 . Gopher

TCP/ IP , In ter

Gopher Internet

net

In ternet

5 . USENE T

Telnet , Inter

Internet

net

USENET

Gopher :

( ,

, Telnet )
,

:

internetwork

6 . WAIS

Internet II/ Internet 2

( Wide Area Informa

Internet

tion Service , WAIS )

Internet

I2 , bandwidt h , bps, Internet ,

multimedia

99

Internet access
access

Internet account Internet

accoun t

Internet address Internet

Internet
, ,

, Internet ,
IP
Internet
Internet ,
I P :
,
IP 32 ,
4 , 8
, ,
I P , 4
,
.

Internet Architecture Board

Internet
IAB

Internet computer
Internet

1 00

Internet Draft

Internet Protocol Internet

I P, I P ,

Internet
ID

TCP/ IP
70

Internet Engineering Task Force

Internet
I ETF

,
,
TCP/ I P ,

Internet Explorer

( Microsoft )

IP

Netscape

browser

IP ,
, ,

Internet Network Information Center

Internet
InterNIC ,
, In ter
net

Internet Relay Chat

Internet
IRC, In
ternet

Internet number Internet

Internet address , I P address

Internet Research Task Force

Internet

Internet phone

IR TF

Internet ,
,

Internet security

Internet

1 01

 firewall , hacker

Internet Service Provider

,
T rojan Horse , virus

Internet
ISP ,

Internetwork
Internet

In ternet
,
30
In ternet

InterNIC Internet
Internet Network Infor mation
Cen ter

Internet
:

interoperability ,

Internet Society Internet

, In ternet

1992
,
In ternet

intranet
Internal In ternet Corporate
Internet

Internet Worm

Great Worm,
Robert Morris, Jr .

IP IP

( Internet Protocol)

Robert

Internet Protocol, TCP/ IP

IP address Internet

( Internet Protocol Address)

Internet ,

name address

1 02

Internet

address, domain

Network , bps, Kbps

Iphone
Internet Phone

ISDN adapter ISDN

ISDN ,
ISDN ,

IPX

ISDN

Internet Packet Exchange

, NetWare ,
,

ISO

International Organization

Standards ,A NSI

IPX/ SPX IPX/ SPX

IPX/ SPX In ternet Packet Ex
change/ Sequenced Packed Exchange
, /

ISOC Internet
( Internet Society)
Internet Society

Novell
Netware

ISP Internet
In ternet Service provider , ac
cess, account , home directory , home

IRC

page

Internet Relay Chat , chat , real

time

italic
,

IRTF Internet
( Internet Research Task Force)

: In ternet

Internet ( IAB)
Internet

Iway

information superhighway

Internet

infor mation superhighway

IAB

IWP
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital

International

Information/

Word Processing Association

1 03

 ,
, ,

jump

Internet Java :
, ,

junk ,

job

Jupiter IRC

IRC

join
1DOS

justification

1 04

K
K , ,
1 .kilobit ,

kermit
kermit

kilobit

2 .kiloby te ,

, ,

kilobyte

3 .UNIX
kill

kernel ( )

kill

1 . ,

K12

( U senet newsgroup)
,

2 .

newsgroup , U senet

Kb ,

shell

key ,

kilobit kiloby te

1 .

kilobit , kilobyte

2 .
decryption , encryption

Kbps /
(kilobits per second)

key in

bps , modem

key en try

Kbyte

key pal

Kilobyte
kilobyte

Email

1 05

key word

kill file

1 . ,

2 . ,

killer app

search

kilo
1000

key entry
key in ,

kilobit
k kb

keyboard

1024

kilobyte
kkbKbyte

kick
Internet ( IRC)

1kilobyte 1024

byte

channel op , IRC

knowledge base
kill ,
1 .

2 .

knowledge engineering
kill file
3 .
4 . kill

1 06

L
l
U NIX

,
,

lable ,
1 .
,

,
, ,

2 . DOS ,

11 ;
, ,

: A WPS
:
C > \ DOS \ LABEL A: WPS []

lag ,
IRC ,

, ,
lag

,

,
,
,
,

: 1970 1980
1990

lamer ,

newbie

LAN

( Local Area Network)

1 07

: ( Ether

net ) ( Token Ring) ARC

WAN

LAN adapter
,

, ,

, ,

LAN

,
,

LAN station

( Ethernet )

( : 286386

( T oken Ring)

486 ) (

( FDDI )

(ATM )

,
, ,

LAN server

, ,

1 08

LAN

LAN Operating System

DOS
, DOS

last mile problem

DOS ,

Internet ,

bandwid th

,
,

latency

launch
,

landscape orientation

execute , run

LCD
language

( Liquid Crystal Display)

laptop

desktop , notebook , palmtop

leaf site
leaf node
,

laser printer


,

leased line
In ternet

1 09

leeched line
,
Internet

Line Mode Browser

World Wide Web Consortium
UNIX ,

left justify

browser , Lynx , WWW

justification

line noise

library

Library of Congress

,
ht tp :/ / www .loc .gov

linear

link ,

, ,

,

lifeware

computer

line eater
U NIX
,

Linux Linux
U NIX

Liquid Crystal Display

LCD

list ,
line editor
,

1 10

1 . ,
2 .

list address

m ultimedia

load
1 .

list box

2 .
,

listproc

download , upload

Listserv

Local Area Network

listserv

LAN

local newsgroup

listserv address

newsgroup , U senet

lock up
,

live ,

conferencing

log in ,
,
Internet
log on
log out

live object

log off
log out

Live3D

1 11

log on ,
log in

logical tree
,

log out
log off Internet
,

,
child directory , directory , leaf
site , paren t directory , root

log on

login ID
logic bomb

login name

login name

log in

logical address

,

LOGO LOGO

logical data

loop ,
1 .

logical file

2 .

lossless compression
logical operator

: AND ,OR , NOT

Boolean operator

1 12

compression , decompression ,
lossless com pression

Lotus 123

lurker

Lot us

Lotus123

luser
lowercase

low speed transmission

loser user ,

Lview L

600bps

ls

Lycos

list U NIX ,

CarnegieMellon

lurk

Lynx

( U senet newsgroup)
( mailing list )

, U NIX

1 13

M
m
megabyte ,
megabit

Macintosh Apple ,
Apple

Apple

M3 M3
1958

( Apple
) ,
Apple( ) Apple
,

Mac Apple ,

Apple IBM

Macintosh

Macintsosh

,
, Apple

Mac weenie
Apple

machine code

machine instruction
machine code

machine instruction set

computer instruction set

1 14

IBM/ PC , IBM/ PC
Apple
,
,
,
Apple

Macintoy
PC Apple

Macintrash
PC Apple

MacWeb
Apple ,
,
Netscape

mail exploder

list address

Netscape

mail filter
mail
Email

filter , kill file

mail gateway

mail address
Email address

mailing list , Usenet , news

group

mail body

Email

mail log

mail bombing

,
,

mail program

: UNIX
mail , elm pine

mail bridge
1 .

mail reader

mailer mail program

mail program , Email, elm

2 .
,

mail reflector

1 15

mail server

main program
,

mailbox

mainframe

,
,

mailbox name
@

Email , Email address

,
: IBM

PC

maildot

mainline program

mail server

main program

mailer
mail program

Majordomo
U NIX
Listserv

mailing list

Listserv , mailing list

1 .
2 .

Listserv , list address, mail ex

ploder

malicious use

hacker

mailing list manager

MAN

( Metropolitan Area Network)

Listserv , mail exploder , Ma

jordomo

( LAN) ,
,

1 16

( WAN ) ,
( LAN)
LAN , WA N

man
Manual U NIX

master program
mainline program , main pro
gram

match
,

manual

hit

man

maximize
Management Information System

M IS ,
,

minimize

Mb ,
mark
,

Megabit megabyte
megabit , megaby te

Mbone
mark as unread
,

(multicast backbone)


,

massage ,

Mbps /
master node
,

(mgabits per second)

1 17

MDA

RAM

,
( Monochrome Display Adapter)
PC

menu

adapter , monitor

meg
megabyte ,
megabyte

menu bar

mega

menu item

megabit ,
M , Mb
, ,
1048576
byte

megahertz

menu tree
,
,

messdos
MS - DOS

message , ,
meltdown
,

1 .
2 . ,

3 . ,

memory ,
,
RAM

1 18

message box

metapage

,

,
error message

message buffer
,

metanetwork

metapage
metadata

,
,

message cancel

metaverse

Metropolitan Area Network

MAN

cancel

MHS
Message Handling Service

Message Handling Service

message identification

MHz
megaher tz

microcomputer ,
,

metadata

mainframe, minicomputer , desk

top computer , laptop , notebook , palmtop

1 19

microprocessing unit

microprocessor

( In ternet Explorer)

, - -

( CP U ) 286 ,

386 , 486 , , II , III

microprocessor
microprocessing unit

microsecond

: WordPerfectOffice97Office2000

Microsoft Access
Access

MicroSerf

,
,

Microsloth Windows

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Disk Operating System

Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation ,
,

MSDOS
MSDOS
,

( Paul Allen )

MSDOS ,

( Bill Gates) 1975

IBM/ PC

( MS - DOS)

( Hard

( Microsoft Win

disk) ( Floppydisk ) , DOS

dows)

PC
,

1 20

Microsoft Excel

Outlook Access

, PC Apple

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office

, ,
Excel5 . 0Excel97Ex
cel2000

Microsoft Outlook

Microsoft Exchange

Microsoft Outlook Office

1995

Office ,

Internet Explorer

, ,

Microsoft Internet Explorer

Microsoft PowerPoint

Internet Explorer

PowerPoint Microsoft

Microsoft Network
1995
95

PowerPoint

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office Microsoft

Microsoft Windows
Windows 80 , Mi

Microsoft Office :

crosoft DOS

Word Excel

PowerPoint

1985 Windows1 .0 ,

1 21

 Windows3 .2 , 16

Miliary Network

, DOS

( MILNET)

Microsoft 1995 1998

MILNET ,

Windows 95 Win

, ,

dows98 , DOS 32

Windows 3 .x ,
,
,
, ,

Windows 3 .x ,

MILNET
( Military Network)

Military

Network ,

ARPANET

Windows95 , Windows98 ,

Windows2000

MIME

Microsoft Word
Word ,

( Multipurpose Internet Mail Ex

tensions)

, ,

minicomputer

Web

,

,

midlevel network

: DEC VAX

mainframe , microcomputer

.mil (military)

,
domain name

minimize
,

,

1 22

 , ,
,

) talk( )
newsgroup , Usenet

, ,

mkdir
make a directory

close box , maximize

1 .U NIX ,

mirror

2 .DOS

mobile office
mirror archive

,
, ,

mirror site
mirror archive

MIS

Managemen t

Infor mation

System

modem
( Modem )

misc .

( U senet newsgroup)

, ,

, ,

misc misc miscellaneous

56 Kbps

com p( ) , news ( ) ,

rec ( ) , sci ( ) , soc (

1 23

 bps

Graphic Adapter) ,
4

modem bank
,

8 320
200 640200
EGA ( En
hanced Graphic Adap ter ) ,

moderate
,

cascade , flame

, 640
350 , 16 ,
814
VGA ( Video
Graphic Array) ,
, 640350

moderator
,
,

, 256
Super VGA , 256
, 1024768
,

monitor

screen saver

, ,

Monochrome Display Adapter

PC

MDA

( CR TCat hod Ray

T ube) ,

monolithic microcomputer

,
:
CGA ( Colour

1 24

( :
)

Gopher , Internet Explorer ,

Lynx , Netscape, WAIS

monoprocessor
( CP U )

monospacing font

most significant character

motherboard ,

, :

ASCII graphics

(CPU ) , (RO M) ,
( RAM )

MOO

( MUD ObjectOriented)
( mul
tiuser domain/ dimension/ dungeon ,

Motion Picture Experts Group

M UD)

MPEG,

MUD

, M OO

M UD, SchMooze U niversity

Motorola

more

U NLX ,

mouse

Mosaic

mouse button

, PC

( National Center for Super

compu ting Applications, NCSA )

1 25

mouse potato
,

Windows 80 , Mi
crosoft DOS

1985 Windows1 .0 ,

.mov
,

ex tension , file t ype

Windows3 .2 , 16 ,
DOS , , Win
dows 3 .x
Microsoft 1995 8
Windows 95 DOS

movie file

32 Windows 3 .x

, ,

ex tension , multimedia

,
, ,

Moving Picture Experts Group

Windows 3 .x ,

M PEG

Windows98
Windows2000

MSN
Mozilla

Microsoft Network

Nstscape

MUD
MPEG

( MlutiDungeon/ Domain/

Moving Pictures Experts Group Dimension)

MS - DOS

(Microsoft Disk Operating System)

MOO

Microsoft Disk Operating System

multicast backbone
MSWindows
( Microsoft Windows)
1 26

Mbone

multicomputer
multicomputer system ,

multicomputer system

m ulticompu ter

multifile sorting
,

multilevel processing
,


, ,

multimedia


,
,

1 27

multimedia database

Multiuser Simulated Environment

multimedia mail

M UD

MI ME

MUSE
M UD, Multiuser Simulated
Environment

Multiple User Dimension

M UD

music virus

,

Multiple User Domain

M UD

MV communications

Multipurpose Internet Mail Ex

Internet

tensions
Internet
MI ME

my two cents
,
( U senet newsgroup)

multitasking ( )
,

1 28

( mailing list )

N
n n

nastygram ,

nest U NIX

1 . flame

2 . letterbomb

National Center of Supercom

nagware [ ]
,

puting Application

Mosaic

shareware

National Crime Information System

naive user

National Information Infrastructure

NAK ,

( Negative acknowledgment)

NII

ACK

National Information Standards

name server
domain name server

Organization

NISO

narrowband

Internet

baseband , broadband

1 29

National Public Telecommunica

tions Network

natural language query

N PTN

National Research and Education navigate

Network

NREN ,

Navigator

1994

National Science Foundation

NSF

Internet Explorer

, 1950

Communicator (

) Netscape http :/ / www .

netscape .com .

,
( NSF NE T )

Netscape Communicator , In
ternet Explorer

NCR NCR
National Science Foundation Net

work

NSF NET
, ( Nation
al Science Foundation , NS F)

NCSA
( National Center of Supercom
puting Application)
National Center of Supercom
puting Application

natural language
1 30

.net (network)

:
h ttp :/ / etri .Beijing .cn .net
domain , domain name

NETBIOS
/
IBM ,
,
IBM

net , ,
Internet U senet
Internet , Usenet

net address
Internet

net .celebrity
( Usenet )

net .citizen

net .cop

net .deity ,
( U senet newsgroup)

1 31

netiquette
net etiquet te ,

net .god

netizen
net .heavy

net .citizen

netlag
IRC

net .legend

net .personality

latency

netnews
Network News ,

net .police

( Usenet )

net .cop

netnorth
netdead
IRC ,

BIT ( BI TNET )
,

BIT NE T

netfind
,

Netscape Communications

( Mi

nethead
,

1 32

crosoft )
( Netscape

Navigator)

( Netscape Communicator )

, ,

Navigator Internet Explorer ,

Netscape Communicator , Netscape Navi

NetWare

gator

: NetWare2 . xNet Ware3 . x Net

Ware4 .x NetWare5 .x

Netscape Communicator

1997

Net Ware
,

NetWare :
1 . : Net Ware

Netscape Extensions

HTML

HT ML , tag

Netscape Navigator
Internet Explorer , Netscape
Communicator , Navigator

,

, NetWare

2 . : Net Ware
,
,
Net
Ware

netter

3 . : NetWare

NetWare NetWare
Net Ware Novell

4 . : NetWare

, ,
Novell 1982

10

7000

5 . : NetWare

1 33

network administrator

6 . : NetWare

,
,Net Ware ,

, ,
7 . :
, NetWare 3 .12 20 100

Novell
CNA

250 , Net
Ware 4 .x 1000
,

network

,

,
, ,

network adapter card

PC ,

network address
1 .
2 .
Email address

,
,
,

network File System

N FS,
( Sun Microsystems )

,
,

Network Information Center

NIC

1 34

Network File System( NFS)

network interface card

network peripheral

network adap ter card

Network Layer
OSI ,
,

network security
Internet security

network server

network news

network Topology

( Usenet )

( T opology)

Network Operating System

Network Operating System

NOS,

( Star ) ( Ring )
( T ree ) (Bus )

,
,

newbie ,

clueless newbie , oldbie

,
NOS

newgroup

,
Novell
Netware, Microsoft Windows NT ,
Apple AppleTalk SUN

newgroup wars

1 35

news .

newshroup

( U senet newsgroup)

newsgroup ,
newsgroup
newsgroup

, ,
, ,

newsreader

big seven , hierarchy , news

group , Usenet

news admin

Nexis

news administrator ,

NFS
news server

( Network File System)

Network File System

nibble
newsfeed

byte , 4 bit

bit , by te

NIC
newsgroup

( Network Information Center)

Internet Usenet ,

newsgroup creation

nick ,

newsgroup name
1 36

IRC

NISO
( National Informaion Standards
Organization)

National Infor maion Stan

dards Organization

NOT

nn
U NIX

newsreader

no carrier

node
,

nodename

NOT

: x NOT y ,
x , y
Boolean operator

notebook
,
,
desktop com puter , laptop ,
mainframe , minicompu ter , microcom
puter

notepad

,

nondisplay

noninteractive

notwork

Novell Inc . Novell

Novell ,
Netware ,
, http:/ / www .nov

nonlinear

ell .com

1 37

NPTN
( National Public Telecommunica

nuke

tions Network)
National Public Telecommu

number ,
1 .

nications Network

NREN

2 .

( National Research and Educa

numeralization

tion Network)
National Research and Educa

tion Network

numeric keypad

NSA bait NSA

0 9

( National Security Agency ,

N SA) ,
NSA

nybble
,
a par t of a byte

NSF
( National Science Foundation)
National Science Foundation

nibble

nyetwork

notwork

NSFNET
( National

Science

Foundation nyx Internet

Network)
National Science Foundation
Network

1 38

Internet

1 39

O
o

octet

U NIX ,

8
, 1
bit , by te

OA
(Office Automation)
,

OEM
(Original Equipment Manufacturer)

( :
)
Automated Office

1 .

2 .
,

object machine

OEM

objectoriented interface

Office Automation

OA

offline ,
1 .

OCR
(Optical Character Recognition)
,

2 . ,

3 .
online

offline browser

,

1 40

,
,

oldbie

offline mail reader

newbie

,
,

OmniPage
PC Apple

OCR

offline navigator
offline browser

online ,
1 .

offline newsreader

2 .

3 .

offline

, ,

Online Career Center

offline reader
offline mail reader , offline

, ,

newsreader

online community
OK button

virt ual communit y

, ,

, OK
,

1 41

online help

help

Open Text

,
: htt p :/ / w ww .

online service

open tex t .econ

operating environment

,

ISP

open ;
1 . ,

2 .

3 . , open proto
col

operating system
os,

:
1 .

( JOB )

Open Systems Interconnection

OSI
ISO ( International Standards Organiza
tion) 1947
, ,

,
(
)
2 .
(
)

ISO 1978

, OSI

(Open System Interconnection )

, ,

OSI

3 . CP U
, CP U

1 42

 , ,

( , CP U

) ,

) , DOS

,
,

9 .

CP U
4 .

operator

1 .

5 .

2 .

,
,

,
, ,

6 .
,

Optical Character Recognition

OCR

optical disk

, ,

7 .

option

Option key
Apple ,

8 .

1 43

or

OS

Operating System

or

OS/ 2 2

: x
or y , x ,

IBM

y , x y
Boolean operation

OSI
( Open Systems Interconnection)

Oracle Corp . Oracle

Open Systems Interconnection

Oracle
, ht tp :/ / www . oracle .

OSI Level 1

com

P hysical Layer

.org [ ]
( organization)

OSI Level 2

Data Link Layer

: : h ttp :/ /
w ww .vaps .org
domain , domain name

OSI Level 3

Network Layer

orientation
,

OSI Level 4

landscape orientation

T ransport Layer

Original Equipment Manufactur

er

OSI Level 5

OEM

1 44

Session Layer

OSI Level 6

output program

Presen tation Layer

OSI Level 7

output

Application Layer

(
)
input

OSI Model OSI

( ISO ) OSI

overhead

, ,

overwrite ,
PC Inser t

outbox

Inser t key

inbox , sent box

1 45

P
p
previous U NIX

Packet Internet Groper

PI NG, U NIX IBM

Pa Pascal

Pascal

packet sniffer
pack ,
1 .

2 .

page

disk pack

Web page,

package
1 . ,
,

page break

2 .
: Page Maker

packaged of software
package

Aldus

Paint
,

packet

1 46

Paint Shop Pro

,

 PC ,

Pascal Pascal
,
Nikans Wirt h 70

palmtop
,

Canon

,
C
17
Blaise Pascal

desktop com puter , laptop ,

notebook

password

paperless office
, ,

passwd
password U NIX

parallel

paste

1 .

2 .

( clipboard) ,

parallel computer
,

parent directory

clipboard , cu t

path ,
1 .
2 .DOS
, DOS

PATH ,

1 47

 , ( ; )
, ;
DOS
,
, ,
DOS
( COMEXE
BAT )
, ,
,

:
1 .
:
C > PATH [ Enter]
PATH = \ DOS
2 .

C > PATH ; [ En ter]

path name

,
:
C : \ > foxpro \ dbf \ zhang \ abc .
dbf

Pause key
PC
Pause
DOS

1 48

PC

PC card

( Personal Computer)
IBM

PDF PDF ,

( Portable Document Format)

Adobe Acrobat

PC Card PC

Adobe Acrobat Reader

:PC

.pdf
,

PCCompatible

IBM
PC

PDS PDS
( Portable Document Software)

Portable Documen t Sof tware

PC - DOS PC
( Personal ComputerDisk Oper
ating Systme)

peertopeer network

IBM

PCMCIA

( Personal

Computer

client/ server network

Memory

Card International Association)

PC

PEM
( Privacy Enhanced Mail)
,
,

1 49

PgUp key

pen pal

PGP

key pal

( Pretty Good Privacy)

,

Pentium

Phillip Zimmerman

( In tel ) 80486
64
586

PgUp key
PC PgUp Page Up
,

peon

peripheral equipment
,
, ,

PgDn key

phone hawk

phonetic system

personal computer
PC

Personal ComputerDisk Operat

ing System

PCDOS

Photoshop
Photoshop

PgDn key

PC PgDn Page Down

1 50

PKUNZIP

phreak

DOS

PKZIP

Physical Layer

DOS

OSI
, ,

Plain ASCII file ASCII

ASCII

ASCII

plaintext

pico

U NIX

.plan file
U NIX

pine
U NIX

PING
(packet Internet Groper)
Packet In ternet Groper

finger

platform

: DOS , Windows ,
Macin tosh , U NIX , Netware

piracy ,

plugin

pixel

1 51

PL/ 1 PL/ 1
,

PointtoPoint Protocol

F OR T RAN COBOL

P PP

, ,

SLIP

pmail

pointer

pocket computer
,

cursor ,

insertion pointer ,

mouse

: , ,
,
desktop com puter , laptop ,
notebook , palmtop

poll ,
1 .
2 .

point
1 .

2 .

POP
( Post Office Protocol)

3 . ,1 72

popup menu

point of presence

1 52

context sensitive menu

port
1 .
2 .

Portable Document Format

PDF

3 .

Portable Document Software

4 .

PDS

5 .

post ,
port address

,

1 . ,

2 .

Post Office Protocol

port number

P OP

port address

postcardware
portable ,
1 . ,

shareware

2 .

poster
,

portable program

posting

portable computer

desktop com puter , laptop ,

notebook , palmtop

postmaster

1 53

PostScript PostScript

power user

Power PC
power cycling
,

IBM Motorola
1993 PC
( Pen tium ) ,

power down

power up

PowerPoint
Power Poin t ( Mi
crosoft )

Power Mac G4

Power

Apple

Point

Power Mac G4

, 2000 7 19 Apple

Power Mac G4

PPP
( PointtoPoint Protocol)

Power Macintosh

Poin ttoPoint Protocol

Apple
Apple 1994
, DOS Win
dows

presence provider

power up

home directory , home page

power down

Presentation Layer
OSI ,
,

1 54

 PrintScreen PrintScreen

,
,

privacy ,
Pretty Good Privacy
P GP

, ,

Internet security , P GP

prime time
,
9 5

Privacy Enhanced Mail

PEM

print

private line

print to disk

dedicated line

privileges
access privileges

problem user

processor
CP U

printer
Prodigy
: ,

printer font

program , ,

1 .

1 55

prolly
2 .

(probably)
probably ,

program logic

Program Manager
PC

( Usenet )

prompt
DOS U NIX

: DOS

programmable calculator

BASIC

PROM PT :
: PROMPT [ <
> ] [C]
C

programmer

A > PROM PT ng A >
A > PROM PT OK OK

programming language

C > PROM PT npg C : \ PUC >

( \ PUC)

: BASIC , C + + ,
JAVA , FOR TRAN
COBOL

protected file

Project Gutenberg
Gutenberg
,

Etext

1 56

protocol , , ,

OSI Model

protocol family
protocol stack

,
SYS , 64 SYS
: SYS

protocol stack
protocol family, protocol
suite

TEMP UBLICMAI L LOGIN

PUBLIC

: TCP/ IP
, TCP

public data network(PDN )

IP ; NetWare

IPX/ SPX ,

IPX

SPX)
TCP/ IP

public domain
,

protocol suite

copyleft , copyrigh t , freeware,

protocol stack

shareware

pseudo

public message service( PMS)

Western Union

/ pub

public directory

publishing
public directory
1 .U NIX ( FTP )
,

2 .NetWare
, NetWare

pulldown menu

1 57

purge

pwd

1 .
2 .

put ,

putway

1 58

U NIX

Q
q
quit U NIX ,

Quick BASIC
Quick BASIC

1987
BASIC

Qbasic Qbasic

Qbasic

1987
BASIC

QuickTime
Apple

QuarkXpress
Quark ,
Apple PC

,
Quick Time
.mov
.mov

query ,

quit ,

Boolean operator

quoteback
queue ,
1 . ,

2 .

,
,
,

quickaccess memory

quoting

CP U ,

1 59

QWERTY keyboard
QWERTY

6 QWER TY,
QWER TY

1 60

R
r
reply U NIX

rapid access memory

radio button

read

read notification

RAIN Internet
Internet

read only
,

RAM
random access memory ,

read only access

1 . ,

RAM

2 . IBM ,

random access memory

read only memory

RAM

RO M ROM
,

ranking
WAIS ,

ROM
ROM ,
ROM

1 61

 , , ,

, ,

IRC , Talk ,

Iphone , chat

readwrite

RealAudio

( file att ribute )

m ultimedia, plugin

readwrite ,
,

reassembly
,

readme file

reboot
readme .txt

real address
adsolute address

real life

real name ,
full name,

1 . ( warm boot ) ,
Ct rl + Alt + Delete
2 . Reset
3 . ( cole boot ) ,

boot

rec .
( U senet )
, rec recreation ( )

real time ,

1 62

big seven , newsgroup, Usenet

receipt notification

recycle bin ,

PC
,

receive

redundant fault
,

record

redundant path

field

record mark

refresh

record name
,

regional network

record separator

register , ,

1 .
IP

recursive acronym

2 .
,

3 .

: GN U GN Us not

UNIX
GN U

registered host
( NIC)

1 63

IP

, : ,

IP
IP address

reload

rehi

Hi again , IRC

rem
DOS , rem

relative address

remailer

relative code

remote access
relative coordinate

absolate coordinate

relevance feedback
WAIS
ranking

,
( Telnet )

Telnet

remote host
Telnet , FT P, Gopher

Telnet , F TP , Gopher

reliable
,
,

remote login
Telnet

religious issues
,

1 64

Telnet

remote server

, ,
,

remote system

replace ,

1 .

2 .

replicate

remote terminal

reply ,

diskless workstation , du mb

Email

terminal

remove ,

repost

rm ,

ren

Request For Comments

RFC

rename

ren

Request for Discussion

repeat post

RFD
(Usenet newsgroup)

repeater
( Repeater )

1 65

 ,
,

2 . ,

res

resource allocation

resolution

Research Libraries Information

Network

R LIN
,
,

resource discovery tool

, ( FTP ) ,

reset ,

WAIS

war m boot , reboot

resource sharing
1 .

resident program

, CPU

2 . ,

resolution
,

dpi

rest
,

resource

1 .
,
:

1 66

restart

restore

RGB

DOS

RGB ( red )
(green )( blue )

result

RGB display RGB

hit

return ,

ribbon

return key en ter key

return from the dead

rib site

return key
en ter key

rich formating
,

return path

Email , reply

Rich Text Format

RFC
(Request for Comment)
Request for Comment

RT F

RT F

RFD

(Request for Discussion)

Request for Discussion , new

group

,
R TF
,

1 67

rights ,

2 .

privileges

rigid disk
hard disk

3 .
, ,
, ,

ring
ring topology

4 . ,
,

ring topology ( )
,
,

,
5 . ,

, ,
,
,
,

RLIN
Research Libraries Informa
tion Network

,
,
,

rm
remove U NIX

,
,
,

:
1 .

rmdir
1 .remove directory , UN IX

2 . rd , DOS

rd

,
,

1 68

rn
UNIX

ROMBIOS /
ROM ,

robocancel

root
1 .

robopost

,
directory , hierarchical file sys
tem ,subdirectory , path , tree st ructure
2 .U NIX ,

roboposter

route ,

kill file

router
robot
IRC M UD

( Rou ter ) OSI

,

annoybot

,

,

robust
,

bridge, brou ter

routing

ROM

( read only memory)

RAM

RS232 RS232

1 69

R TF , extension , file type

rule
RTF RTF
(Rich Text Format)
Rich Text Format

.rtf rtf
, rtf

1 70

run

S
s
save UNIX ,

save as

scan
S100 S100
100

, 8080

scanner
,

safe format

scheduler
samizdat
1 .

2 .

SchMooze University
Ezine

SchMooze

satellite computer
1 .
,

, :
h ttp :/ / schmooze . hun ter . cuny . edu :
8888

2 .

sci .
save

( U senet newsgroup)

, sci science

( : )

1 71

screen blanker

big

seven ,

newsgroup ,

script

Usenet

scientific language

scroll

screen
,
CR T

,
PgUp PgDn ,

screen blanker

PgDn , PgUn , scroll bar , scroll

box

scroll bar ,

scroll box

screen capture
cap ture

, ele

screenoriented

vator

scroll rate ,

screen saver
1 72

 expired article

, ,

search ,

secondary index
IBM

search criterion

,
AND
ORNOT secondary information
Internet ,

boolean operator

search directory

Yahoo
key word , search engine,

secondary service provider

WWW

search engine
engine

sector

search key

key word

security

searchable

, Internet

Security Administrator Tool for

secondary file

Analyzing Networks
1 73


SATAN , UMX
,

selfextracting file
See you on the Net ! !
,

selfex tracting archive

decompression , extension ,

ZIP

select
1 .

semantic net

, send
highligh t

2 . ,

sent box

selective tracing

serial cable

selected
,

highligh t

Serial Line Internet Protocol

Internet
SL IP SLIP PP P
, SLI P

selfadapting computer
1 74

serial port

serial printer
,
,

server

,
,
,

, ,


,

,

,
, ,

, ,

service provider

1 75

 ISP , online service

session

,
, 1 3 ;
, 50
100 ,

Session Layer
OSI ,

freeware, nagware

,

,

shell

1 . ,

setup ,
1 .

2 .

,
2 . ,

shell account

Internet

SGML
( Standard Generalized Markup Shielded Twisted Cable
Language)

H TML

HT ML

shareware

1 76

,
, ,

sig ,

signature

sig block

, 500Mbps

SIG
Shift key
Shift
shift

,
(Special Interest Group)
1 . ,

2 . ( ACM)

short cut

sig block ,
sig signat ure ,

,

shouting ,

,
netiqut te , newbie .

sig quote ,

shovelware

sig block

CDROM

CDROM
shutdown
,

sign on
log in

signal

1 77

signaltonoise ratio
,
,

,
,

simplex
signature ,
sig block

signature block ,

duplex , full duplex , half du

plex

sig block

Silicon Valley

single density ,

, 5 .25
180K

single sided disk

silly group

single user

Simple Mail Transport Protocol

DOS

SMT P
,

Single User OS

Simple

Network

Management

Protocol

SNM P TCP/ I P

1 78

site

dumb terminal

site name

SmartMarks
( Netscape Communica

domain name

tions)
,

slash
Forward slash U NIX
,Glopher

, ,

bookmark, WWW

forward slash

SMTP
SLIP
(Serial Line Internet Protocol)

(Simple Mail Transport rotocol)

Simple Mail Transport rotocol

Serial Line In ternet Protocol,

access, P PP

S/ N ratio
signaltonoise ratio

SLIP/ PPP
/

snail
, Internet

PPP

, ,

snail mail

SLIP
PPP,SLIP

snail mail
Internet

slot

snarf
smart terminal

fetch

1 79

sneakernet

soc .

( U senet newsgroup)

, soc society

SNMP

big

seven ,

newsgroup ,

Usenet

( Simple Network Management

Protocol)

soft boot
war m boot

Simple Network Managemen t

Protocol

soft copy

Snooze

hard copy

soft error

SNR [ ] [ ]
signaltonoise ratio

SO
significan t other ,

soft key

U senet

soft keyboard
SOAP
(Seal Of Approval)

Internet ( Interpedia )

soft return

hard return

1 80

soft stop
war m boot

2 .

software

WordStar (

(System software)

(Application software)

1 .

WPS( ) SPSS(

)SAS (

3 .

: ;

( ) ;

, ,
,
( EDL IN
)

,

software science

1 81

solidus
/

sorcerers apprentice mode

, ,
,

sort ,

A Z
Z A ,
,
ascending order , descending
order

sound board
sound card,

sound card
sound board , multimedia,
sound file

sound file

sound player

plugin , sound file

1 82

source ,

spelling flame

flame

source address
1 .

spew
( Usenet )

2 .
IP
datagram , IP address

source code

ignore , kill file

spider

Internet ,

space bar

spaghetti code
spaghetti

search engine

split ,

spammer

split catalog

Special Interest Group

spoofing

U NIX

SIG

1 83

spreadsheet

a a

Lotus

stardotstar .
DOS .

123 , Excel

SPX

star topology

Sequenced Packed Exchange

, NetWare ,

,SPX

, ,

squelch

, ,

,
:

Standard

Generalized

Markup

Language

SGML

1 . ,
,
2 . , ,

3 . ,

star

8

,
4 . ,

shift ,
UNIX DOS ,

start ,

execute , initiate, launch , run

: .exe exe

1 84

start bit

STP
Shielded Twisted Cable

stop bit

STD
STD standard

start menu
1 .

Internet RFC

RFC

2 .
, Star t
,

stop bit
,

star t bit

startup disk

stop word ,
,

startup page

,
home page ( ,
)
home page

storage ,

disk , RAM

statement

status bar
,

storeandforward network

,
,

1 85

Stream Works

hierarchical file system , paren t

directory

plugin

subdomain

stroke /
/

Subject says it all

structured programming

,

,

subject selector

stub network

subject tree

hierarchical routing

Stufflt
Apple

sublanguage

Sturgeons Law Sturgeon

sublibrary

: 90% of everything is crap

( 90%)

submenu
subdirectory
DOS U NIX

1 86

menu

subnet

subnet address

subsystem

suite ,

IP

1 .

IP address

2 .

subnet mask
subnet address

subnet number
subnet address

sum

Sun Microsystems

1982

subprogram

( workstation)
(server)
Java

subscribe ,
( mailing list )

Super VGA

( Usenet news

group) , ,

256 ,

1024 768

unsubscribe

supercomputer
subsearch

,
,

,

subst
DOS

IBM

1 87

supermini

SVGA
(Super Video Graphics Array)

superuser
Supervisor

CGA , EGA , VGA, Super

V GA , monitor

, ,

switch ,

1 .

2 . ,

synchronous communication
supervisor ,
1 .

superuser

2 . ,

U NIX ( Talk ) ,

IRC ( Chat )

surf ,

chat , IRC , real time , talk

surf ,
Internet ( Usenet )
In ternet

syntax

sysadmin
system administrator
system administrator

surge protector

1 88

sysape

sysop

system administrator

system operator

, :

sys ,SYS
1 . ,
DOS

2 .SYS NetWare

system analyst

, Net Ware

, SYS , 64
SYS

: SYSTEMP UBL ICMAIL LO

GIN

system command
,

system
,
,

system directory
system 7 7

root

Apple 1991

system disk
,

system 32 32
IBM

system folder
system 360 360
IBM

Apple

1 89

system operator

system utility


,

system programmer
1 .

2 .

1 90

T
T1 T1
24 , 1 .544
Mbps

, Tab
Tab ,
0 .5

( AT & T )

table ,

T2 T2
96 , 6 .312

Mbps

WordWPS
CCED

( AT & T ) ,

table of service
T3 T3

672 , 44 .

, ( FTP ) ,

736 Mbps

( IRC) , ( Telnet ) ,

( AT & T ) ,

( WWW )

tablet
T4 T4
4032 , 274 .

176 Mbps
( AT & T ) ,
,

tag

( HTML ) ,

Tab key Tab

Tab

, ,
,

Tab

1 91

 ,
,
HT ML

Tcarrier
( poin t to
poin t) ,
( AT & T ) 1983 ,

talk
( U senet newsgroup)

T1 , T2 , T3 , T4
T1 , T 2 , T3 , T4

big

seven ,

TCP
newsgroup ,

Usenet

Talk
U NIX

IRC

(Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP/ IP

TCP/ IP /
( Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol)

tar

TCP/ IP

U NIX ,

, /

70

target directory

TCP/ I P

TCP/ IP In ter
net ,

target disk

, source disk ,

, TCP/ IP

TCP/ IP TCP ISO/

OSI ,

(
) ,

1 92

telecom
IP ISO/ OSI

telecommuting

TCP/ I P

I P

IP

mobile office , virt ual office

TCP/ IP ,
:

teleconference

,

tearoff menu

conferencing

telex network
,

telecom

telnet

1 .

Telnet
TCP/ IP , In ter

2 .

net

In ternet

telecom program

Telnet ,

telecommunications

1 93

access , terminal

template

terminal mode
ter minal emulation

test data

test message

,

temporary file

test posting ,
test message

terminal

, :
,

text
ASCII

dumb ter minal , terminal emu

lation

text editor
,

terminal connection

shell account

text file
terminal emulation

VT
100

1 94

,
ASCII
ASCII file , file t ype

text file transfer

, , ,

VR ML

textonly browser

throughput
, :

/ (bits per second)

Lynx

ticking
text transfer
tex t file t ransfer

theology
religious issues

OCR ,

TIFF
( Tagged Image File Format)
,

thread

, Mosaic

1 .
GIF , JPG

2 .

thread selector

.tiff TIFF

TI FF

T IF F, ex tension

threaded newsreader

.tif TIFF
TI FF

thread

threedimensional( 3D)

T IF F, ex tension

tiled windows
1 95

time

: Mac, WWW , FTP , TCP,

PP P, LAN , WAN , Web

DOS

Token bus
time out

Token Ring Token

Passing Ring ,

, 1974

IBM 1985

timebased billing

tin
U NIX

4 Mbps 16 Mbps,
96
( Multista

Tiny MUD

tion Access Unit , MAU )

Tiny

MAU

M UD

title

, MAU

Toolbar ,
, WordEx
celWPSPowerPointWordperfect

title bar

Tools
TLAs
( Three Letter Acronyms)
1 96

1 .
,


2 . , : Pctools
, Windows ( Calcu

( Star ) ( Ring )
( T ree ) (Bus )

lator) ( Paint ) ( Notepad)

total ,

topdown programming

, :

TP
Twisted Pair Cable

, ,

trackball
Top level domain

: comedugovnetorg ,
,
cn , ca ,

( notebook )

,

mouse

kr
domain

traditional newsgroup hierarchy

Topic group

: ,

: ( comp ) ,
(news) , ( rec ) , ( sci ) ,
( soc ) , ( talk)
( mise )

BBS , mailing list , newsgroup

Topology

big seven

traffic ,

( T opology)

( bps) ,

1 97

( Kbps) , ( Mbps )

Internet Protocol

( Gbps)

/ Internet

bps

trailblazer page

TCP/ IP

transmit network

metapage,

metapage

Transport Layer
OSI ,
,

trampoline

trash
transfer interrupted

Apple

Netscape ,

Apple ,

PC

(recycle bin)

( Reload)

recycle bin

trashware
Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/ IP

tree structure

Transmission Control Protocol/

1 98

wild card

Tunneling ,

child directory , file system ,

paren t directory , root

treekiller

turnkey system
,

trn

U NIX

tutorial

newsreader , t hreaded news

reader

twilight zone
Trojan Horse
,

IRC

.txt

troll

ASCII

flame

Twisted Pair Cable

Trumpet for Windows

,
,

truncate

1 99

font

typeover ,
overwrite

tymnet

type
DOS
,

typeface

:
: Time New Ro
man
CourierHelvetica Arial

2 00

U
U2D UNIXDOS

underscore

U NIX

DOS

undo ,

unauthorized access

unerase
undelete

hacker

unformat utility
uncompression

unformatted diskette
undelete
DOS

unicast
underconstruction

underline
,

unicode
16 ,

: I ts impor tante

undernet
IRC

Uniform Resource Locator

U RL ,
,

2 01

PDP ,

1973 C
,

union
or

U NIX ,
,

Uninterruptible Power Supply

U PS
, ,
,

1974
U NIX
,

U NIX ,

UNIX ,

universal interconnecting device

, SU N
,
N FC ( Network File
System)
1 .U NIX
U NIX

universal product code

U NIX

U PC ,

Universal Resource Locator

U niform Resource Locator
U RL

UNIX

,
,

UNIX UNIX
U NIX 1960
AT & T

2 02

2 .U NIX
U NIX
UN IX
, 14
, ,
DOS

, :

UNIX box UNIX

U NIX

UNIX to UNIX Copy Program

UMIX
U UCP UNIX


1978

Mike Lesk

UNIX to UNIX Copy Program

Network
UNIX
U UCPNET UN IX

2 03

UNIX wizard UNIX

UNIX ,

, 100Mbps

( Usenet ) U
NIX

unsubscribe
mailing list Usenet

unmoderated

subscribe

moderate

unthreaded newsreader

unread

unrecoverable abend

threaded newsreader

unzip
PKZIP

up ,
unreliable protocol

down

IP , TCP

UPC
univrersal product code

Unshielded Twisted Cable

UTC

update

2 04

update operation

Usenet
Internet

upgrade

USENET
,
,
,

upgrade fever

: comp

news sci soc

talk

upload

rec misc

1980 Duke
,

download

,
, (

uppercase
casesensitive, lowercase

UPS
( Uninterruptible Power Supply)

newsgroup)
big seven , newsgroup

Usenet news

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Usenet newsgroup
upward compatible

( Bulletin

forward compatible

Board System )

( newsreader )

,
big seven , hierarchy , news

URL

group , U senet

U niform Resource Lo
cator

Usenet site Usenet

2 05


, ,

password

user interface

command line , GUI

user

user name

user agent

useroriented
userfriendly
,

,

GU I , userfriendly

userhostily

user profile
user group
,

SIG

user space

userhostile
,
,

userfriendly

userID ,
U ser identification ,

2 06

Usnail
( US Mail )

snail

utility
,
tools

work

utility program
utility

uudecode UNIX
U NIX ,

UTP
U nshielded Twisted Cable

uuencode

uuencode

UUCP UNIX
UNIX to U NIX Copy Pro
gram

uuencode UNIX
U NIX ,
ASCII

UUCPNET UNIX
U NIX to UNIX Copy Net

uudecode

2 07

V
V .32 v .32
( CCI T T )
,

V .42bis V .42
( CCI T T )

9600bps, 4800 bps

vacant number
V .32bis V .32

( CCI T T )
, 14 .
4Kbps , 12 Kbps, 9600
bps , 7200 bps, 4800 bps

vacation
U NIX
,

V .34 V .34
( CCI T T )
, 28 .

vaccine
vaccine software

8 Kbps

vaccine software
V .35 V .35

( CCI T T )

, 64

Kbps

V .42 V .42

( CCI T T )

V .42
, ,

2 08

value

vanilla ( )

version

,
,
,

verbose

vaporware

,
,

, ,

verify
DOS ,

variable
,

, ,

VAX VAX

Veronica Veronica

DEC

Gopher

VAXII VAXII

Archie, Gopher

version

DEC 1977
32

VECTRAN VECTRAN
F OR T RAN

venns network venns

, ,

vertical scroll bar

,

ver

scroll

DOS DOS

2 09

VGA
( Video Graphics Array)

video standard

16
, 640 480
CGA, EGA, SVGA, monitor

video streaming

, ,

video adaptor

video teleconferencing

CGA
EGAVGA SVGA
CGA, EGA, V GA

video attribute
,

Videoconferencing
video teleconferencing

videograph
video card ,

CRT

video adap tor

videotext
video digitizing card

viewer
1 .

video display board

video adap tor

video mail

2 10

2 . ( gif
jpg )

virtual ,

virtual disk

virtual terminal

virtual community

ter minal emulation

virtual world
Internet

online community

virus

virtual corporation

, ,

, ,

, ,

virtual library
library

virtual office

mobile office, telecommuting

virtual reality

1 .

2 . ,
,

3 . ,

Virtual Reality Modeling Lan

guage

4 . ,

VRML

5 . ,

6 .

2 11

vmail

VoiceChat

video mail

,
PC Internet

VMS VMS

VAX

volatile memory

VOCAL VOCAL

: RAM

RAM

voice mail
,

volume label

, ,

VR

voice net

VRML
Virtual Realit y Modeling

voice recognition

Language

VT52 52

DEC

voice synthesis

VT100 100

DEC

2 12

W
W3

World Wide Web , W3

Web
WWW

WAN
( WideArea Network)

W3C

( World Wide Web Consortium)

1994

, ,

WWW , XML

WAIS
(Wide Area Information Servers)

LAN , MAN

wanderer
spider

Internet
,

warez

WAIS

, ,

warm boot

, C trl + Alt + Delete
reset

wait state

soft boot

waste bandwidth

wallpaper
( desk top)

2 13

.wav
,

Web discussion board

wave sound

Web page
,

Web

WWW

Web server
Internet

Web address

U RL

web site

Web board
Web discussion board

WebAutor
, quater

Web browser

deck

WebCrawler

( Netscape) ( Nav

igator) ( Microsoft )

( E xplorer)

: h ttp :/ / w ww .webcrawler .com

Explorer ,

Navigator ,

search engine, WWW

WWW

webmaster
Web crawler

WebTV
,

2 14

 , ,

white pages

webzine

ezine

whiteboard

,

welcome page

,
,
,
home page

Westnet

whitehouse
h ttp :/ /
w ww .whitehouse .gov

whois
1 .

wetware ,
liveware ,
,

2 .

whowhere
whatis

Archie ,

Wide Area Information Server

Archie, F TP

wheel

WAIS

Wide Area Network

WAN

2 15

wideband
64 Kbps 1 . 54
Mbps

Windows 95 Windows 95
Microsoft Windows 1995
In ter
net ( Internet Explorer )

wild card
,

Win95
MSWindows

?
? ,

Windows 98 Windows 98
Microsoft Windows 1998

: DOS , .

, 1995

, .com

, 1995

com

,
Win98

Win 95 95

MSWindows

Windwos 95

Windows 2000
Win 98 98
Windwos 98

Windows 2000
Microsoft Windows 2000
, 1998

Win 2000 2000

Windwos 2000

,
Win2000
MSWindows

Windowing

Windows NT
Windows NT
( Microsoft )

Windows
Microsoft Windows ,

, 32
Win

, dows2000 Windows NT
MSWindows

2 16

Windows socket

wire pirate

TCP/ IP
Windows TCP/ IP

cracker , hacker

Windoze

wire printer

Windows ,
,

wirehead

WinGopher
gopher
Windows gopher

wizard ,

Winsock TCP/ IP
Windows socket

wizop

WinWAIS WAIS

operator , sysop

Windows WAIS

Word

1 .

WinWeb Web
Windows Web

MS - Word
2 .

Word for Windows

WinZip
Windows95

Word

word processor

compression , decompression

MS

2 17

Word , WordPerfect , WPS

workstation ,
1 . ,

word size

( minicomputer)

2 .

word wrap

world newsgroup
( U senet newsgroup)

WordPerfect

WordPerfect

(comp ) , ( misc ) ,

( mews ) , ( sci ) ,
(soc ) , ( rec ) ( talk )

WordStar
80

working directory

big seven
big seven , Usenet

WorldWide Access

Internet
In ternet

working area
,

World Wide Web

WWW

: Visual Foxpro
:

World Wide Web Worm

workgroup

WWWW

worm ,
worksheet

2 18

Internet

Worm ,

T rojan

Horse, virus

write protect notch

5 .25 ,

WP
WordPerfect ,

WorldPerfect

wrap

,

; ,

write protect tab

3 .5 (

) ,

wristwatch
Apple
, ,

;
,

.wrl
writability

WWW

( World Wide Web)

W3 Web

write

read

( World Wide Web , WWW ) ,

, Internet

write protect

,
HTML
,

2 19

WWWW

( World Wide Web Worm)

WWW ,
,

WWW ,

2 20

,
Colorado

X
X .21 X .21
, CCI T T

UNIX

xcopy
DOS

X .25 X .25
, CCI T T

CO PY , COPY
,

XENIX XENIX
X .75 X .75
X .25

Microsoft

XML
X .400 X .400

(eXtensible Markup Language)

CCI TT

W3C

, ( HTML )

W3C

x
exit , U NIX

xmodem x

,

X Window X

128 , U NIX

kermit , ymodem , zmodem

2 21

Y
yahoo

ymodem y

1994

search engine, WWW

Xmoden , 1024
,

yahooligans

YP
yellow pages

yellow pages
Internet

2 22

Z
zap

remove

ZIT
( Zone Information Table)
Apple Talk

zero

: 000123123

Zip file
,
,

zine

zine

zmodem z

zip

, 128

xmodem ymodem

ZIP
( Zone Information Protocol)
Apple Talk ,

zone

Zone Information Protocol

.zip
,

ZIP ZIP

Zone Information Table

ZI T ZI T

2 23

zone name

zoom box

zoom
,

2 24

 I n ter ne t

In ternet
1
.
Internet
( Advanced Re
search Project Agency , AR PA ) 1969 AR PAN E T
AR PANE T
,
, AR PAN E T
,
AR PAN E T TCP/ IP ,
TCP/ I P
AR PANE T Internet , In ternet
( National Science Foundation )
, 1985 NSFNE T NSFN E T
TCP/ IP , 64 Kbps
, 1992 45Mbps 90 In
ternet , Internet
, In ternet
, Internet 1992
1 , ( ISOC) , ,
In ternet In ternet
In ternet
TC P/ I P , In
ternet ,
,
, Internet ,
2 25

In ternet
2 .
Internet

,
, :

(1 ) ( Email)
( Elect ronic Mail , Email) Internet
, ,
,

:
,
,
,

,
In ternet
,

(2 ) WWW
( World Wide Web , W WW ) ,
, In ternet

2 26

 , H T M L
, ,

WWW , ,
WWW
,

(3 ) F T P
( File Transfer Protocol, FT P ) Internet
,

FT P ,
( Dow nload) , F T P
, ( U pload) FT P Netscapes
, FT P ,
,
(4 ) Telnet
Telnet TCP/ IP , In
ternet In
ternet ,
,

Telnet
, ,

(5 ) USE NE T
In ternet USEN E T
, ,
,
2 27

(6 ) WAIS
( Wide Area Information Service, WAIS)
Internet ,
WAIS
,
,
(7 ) BBS
BBS( Bulletin Board System, BBS)
,
BBS ,

,
,
(8 ) Gopher
Gopher In ternet ,

, , T el
net , In ternet
Gopher : (
, Telnet )

In3ternet
. Internet

, 1986 In ternet 1994
8 31 sprint , CH I
NANE T CH INANE T Internet ,
2 28

 In ternet
CERN E T In ternet,
CERN E T Internet ,
, , CST
NE T CHI NAGBNE T CM IN E T
Internet , 2001 ,
3000
Internet , :

(1 ) CH INANE T

, 1994 8 30 sprint ,
CH INANE T , 1995 6 , CHI NAN E T
, In
ternet CH INANE T
Internet , Internet

CHI NAN E T Internet

,
,
(2 ) CERNE T
CERN E T , ,

CERNE T , 1994 ,
1995 ,
,
( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 29

 ) ( ) ( ) (
) 100 ,
CERNE T In ternet
2000 , ,

(3 ) CS TN E T
,
: NCFC
CASNE T CERNE T
CST NE TCST NE T 2 64 kbps 1 2Mbps
In ternet
NCF C:
1994 5 , 150 ,
3000
CASNE T : ,
,
NC FC
CERN E T : NCFC CASNE T ,
, CERNE T CASNE T
, 100Mbps , CERNE T CASNE T

CS TN E T : NCFC CASN E T
, :
,

(4 ) CH INAGBN E T
, , 24
1996 9 , ,
In ternet In ternet
2 30

 :
:

:
:

(5 ) IH EPNE T
1993 3
64 K bps , Internet 1994
512K bps Internet
(6 ) BUCT NE T
1994 9
64 Kbps , Internet

(1 ) TCP/ I P
4 . TCP/ IP Internet
, TCP/ IP / ,
70
, ,
TCP/ IP ISO/ OSI
, , In ternet
TCP/ IP , :
TCP/ IP ISO/ OSI
1
, TCP/ IP ,

, IP , ;
, I P ,
2 31

1 TCP/ IP ISO/ OSI

I P , ,

I P , , ,
( TC P ) ,

, ,
TC P/ I P ,
:

(2 ) IP
Internet ,
, ,
In ternet , IP
Internet In ternet
, IP : ,

IP 32 , 4 , 8
, , IP
, 4 , .
2 32

 , I P ,
, A B C , 2 ,
A A ,
0 ; 24
IP : 0 .0 .0 .0127 .2 55 .2 55 .2 55
B B ,
10 ; 16
IP : 128 .0 .0 .0191 .2 55 .2 55 .2 55
C C ,
110 ; 8
IP : 192 .0 .0 .0223 .2 55 .2 55 .2 55
A

( 7 )

( 24 )

10

(14 )

( 16 )

110

(21 )

( 8 )

2 IP

(3 )
, IP Internet
, , Internet
, ( Domain Name System , DNS )
I P , ,
I P
: I P : 202 .38 .128 .54 ,
, : www .ihep .ac .cn ,

: IP , www
202
,
:
2 33

com (Company or Commercial Organization)

edu ( Education Institution)
gov ( Governmen t Body)
mil ( Military Site )
net ( Internet Gateway or Administrative
Host )
org ( Notprofit Organization )

5 .
,
:
,

(1 )
T P ( T wisted Pair Cable )

, ,

, ,
,

U T P ( U nshielded Twisted Cable ) :

,
,
100Mbps
ST P ( Shielded Twisted Cable ) :

2 34


,
, ,

, 500Mbps .
( Coaxial Cable)

,
, ,
, T
,
50 75
50 ,
, 10Mbps

75 CA TV ,
( FDM ) ,
, ,
300MHz 400M Hz, 100km
, ,

( Fiber Optic Cable) ,

, ,

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2 35

 , , ,
,
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,
,

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2 36

(1 )
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( Local Area Network , LAN )
,
,
,
,
, ,
,
,
,

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,
: 70 80
90
(2 )
:

, :
,
, 100Mbps 1000Mbps

,
,
2 37

 ,
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2 39

 ,

, ,
,
,

( Et hernet ) ( Token Ring )
( FDDI) ( AT M )

DOS ,
DOS DOS ,
,
,
( Network Operating System , NOS)
, ,

,
NOS
,
Novell Netware , Microsoft Windows
N T , Apple AppleT alk SU N Network File System
( NFS )
:

,
Lotus Lot us Notes ,

:
2 40

Microsoft Windows95 Windows98

Foxbase Foxpro ,

DOS Windows ,
,

: PCTOOLS Norton

:
,

,

(5 )
,
, ( E thernet ) ( Token
Ring) ARC
( Et hernet ) Et hernet Xerox 1975

, Xerox
DEC Intel , , 1980
9 ,

10 Mbps
2 41

:
: 10Mbps
: ( )
: / CSMA/ CD
: 641518
ISO/ OSI :
: 2 .5
: 1024
: ( )
( Et hernet
Packet) , ,
, 3

461500

:
, ,
,
,
, , 2 .5
, 1024
,
,
1 10BASE5 10BASE2
10BASET
( Token Ring ) Token Ring Token
2 42

Passing Ring , ,
1974
IBM 1985
,
1
10 BAS E5

10B ASE2

10BR OAD36

1BAS E5

10 BASET

10 M bps

10 M bps

10 M bps

1 M bps

10 M bps

500

185

3600

500

100

CSMA/ CD

CSMA/ C D

CSMA/ CD

CSMA/ CD

CSMA/ CD

,
4Mbps 16Mbps , 96
( Multistation
Access U nit , MAU ) MAU
, MAU
,
,
, ,
,
,
, , IBM 3COM
NCR Gateway Communications
ARC ARC Attached Resources Computing Net work
, DataPoint , ,
, ,
ARC 93 105 ,
255 ARC ,
2 43

 2 .5 MbpsARCnetPlus 20Mbps Novell

NetWare

2 44

 I n t er n et
In ternet
ISDN
Internet ,
In ternet
Internet ,
,

In ternet
1 .
,
486 , 4M
VGA
,
:
586
8M
400M
3 .5
Windows

Modem
2 .
,

, 9600
, 19 .2K28 .8K33 .6K 56K
2 45

 Internet ,
, 56 K

, , :
LIN E
PHONE

RS232 COM

POWER

(1 )
3 .
,
: ;
;
In ternet , Netscape
In ternet Explorer Ws_ftp
Eudora WinWAIS
Mosaic
(2 ) ISP
Internet ISP ( In
ternet Service Provider ) , 30
In ternet
Internet :

ISP
1
ISP :
Internet
In ternet
2 46

 , ISP ISP In
ternet , , ISP

ISP
, ISP ,

ISP ,

ISP
ISP

CH INANE T ,
:
;
; ; I P
1 ISP
IS P

ISP

ww w .b ta .net

ww w .gb .co .cn

ww w .cei .go .cn

ww w .east .cn .ne t

ww w .in ter com .com .cn

ww w .unet .net .cn

ww w .b ta .net .cn

ww w .sh .cei .go .cn

ww w .on li ne .sh .cn

ww w .t p t .tj .cn

In ternet Explorer
4 . Internet
5 .0Explorer
Microsoft
5 .0
Internet
, Netscape Navigator ,
, ,
In ternet In ternet Explorer 5 .0
In ternet
(1 ) Internet Explorer 5 .0
2 47

In ternet Explorer Windows ,

Windows 95 Windows N T , In
ternet , , In ternet Internet
Explorer
Internet Explorer 5 .0 ( IE 5 .0 ) WWW
, IE 5 .0
IE 5 .0
,
, IE 5 .0 FTP Telnet
WAIS Gopher
(2 ) Internet Explorer
IE 5 .0 htt p :/ / home .microsoft .com/ intl/ cn ,
1 IE 5 .0

, Internet ,
, 2
,
, ,
IE 5 .0

2 48

 1 I E 5 .0

(3 ) Internet Explorer 5 .0
In ternet Explorer 5 .0 :

,
, ,
Windows :

IE 5 .0 13 ,
2
2 I E 5 .0

2 49

 2 Internet

I E

M icrosoft

W WW

W WW

2 50

Word Notep ad

Address ,
,
WWW ,
,
, ,

,
(4 ) WWW
IE 5 .0 WWW , :
, W WW ,

, , ,

, 3
,
,
, ,

WWW
, , ,

(5 )
,
2 51

 , 4

,
IE 5 .0 ,
, :

2 52

, , ,
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,
,

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, ,
6

(1 )

5 .

IE 5 .0 ,
2 53

, 7
,
(2 )
IE 5 .0 ,
, 8
, ,
,

In ternet Explorer
6 . Internet
5 .0Explorer

5 .0

, ,
2 54

(1 )
IE 5 .0

:
,
, ,
9
,

,
2 55

, ,
(2 )
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, ,
, ,

:
, F11 ,
10
, ,
F11
(3 )
2 56

2 57

IE 5 .0
:
, 11

, : computer,
, 12

10

2 58

 11

(4 )
IE 5 .0 ,

:
Internet , 13

,
: , 14
,
2 59

 12

2 60

 13 In ternet

14

2 61

 I n t er net

1 .

htt p:/ / www .apple .com/

Apple Computer

htt p:/ / www .compaq .com/

Compaq Computer Corp .

htt p:/ / www .conner .com/

Conner Peripherals

htt p:/ / www .dec .com/

Digital Equipmen t Corp .

htt p:/ / www .dell .com/

Dell Compu ter Corp .

htt p:/ / www .hp .com/

HewlettParkard

htt p:/ / www .ibm .com/

IBM Corp .

htt p:/ / www .intel .com/

Intel Corp .

htt p:/ / www .motorala .com/

Motorala Corp .

htt p:/ / www .nec .com/

NEC

htt p:/ / www .sgi .com/

Silicon Graphics Silicon Surf

htt p:/ / www .sun .com/

Sun Microsystems

htt p:/ / www .xerox .com/

Xerox Corp .

htt p:/ / www .3com .com/

3Com

htt p:/ / www .banyan .com/

Banyan Systems

htt p:/ / www .cisco .com/

Csico Systems

htt p:/ / www .farallon .com/

Farallon Computing

htt p:/ / www .hayes .com/

Hayes Microcomputer Products

htt p:/ / www .morningstar .com/

Morning star Technologies

htt p:/ / www .proteon .com/

Proteon

htt p:/ / www .rns .com/

Rock well Network Systems

2 62

htt p:/ / www .shiva .com/

Shiva Corp .

htt p:/ / www .smc .com/

Standard Microsystems Corp .

htt p:/ / www .supra .com/

Supra Corp .

htt p:/ / www .usr .com/

U .S . Rototics

htt p:/ / www .adobe .com/

Adobe Systems Corp .

htt p:/ / www .au todesk .com/

Au todesk

htt p:/ / www .borland .com/

Borland International

htt p:/ / www .lot us .com/

Lotus

htt p:/ / www .microsoft .com/

Microsoft Corp .

htt p:/ / www .netscape .com/

Netscape

htt p:/ / www .novell .com/

Novell

htt p:/ / www .oracle .com/

Oracle Corp .

htt p:/ / www .qdeck .com/

Quarterdeck Home Page

htt p:/ / www .sgi .com/

SG I Corp .

htt p:/ / www .syman tec .com/

Symantec Corp .

htt p:/ / www .srsnet .com/

htt p:/ / www .foundercsi .com/

htt p:/ / www .legend .com/

htt p:/ / www .

kingsoftware .

com/

htt p:/ / www .ai .com/

M IT Artificial In telligence

htt p:/ / www .AMD .com/

AMD Corp .

htt p:/ / www .aol .com/

America Online

htt p:/ / www .at m .com/

Attachmate

htt p:/ / www .bbnaplanet .com/

BBN Planet

htt p:/ / www .chron .com/

Houstion Chronicle In teractive

htt p:/ / www .commerce .com/

Global Commerce Link , Inc .

2 63

htt p:/ / www .compuserve .com/

Compuserve, Inc .

htt p:/ / www .environs .com/

O nline Environs

htt p:/ / www .infoseek .com/

Infoseek Corp .

htt p:/ / www .ini .com/

InfiNet

htt p:/ / www .maximited .com/

Maximized Corp .

htt p:/ / www .netcenter .com/

Center of Internet

htt p:/ / www .netmanage .com/

Net Manage

htt p:/ / www .nysaes .cornell .com/

Zstuff , Cornell

htt p:/ / www .openmarket .com/

Open Market , Inc .

htt p:/ / www .panasonic .com/

National Corp .

htt p:/ / www .prodigy .com/

Prodigy , Inc .

htt p:/ / www .sony .com/

Sony

htt p:/ / www .spry .com/

Spry Inc .

htt p:/ / www .starware .com/

Star Ware Connectivity Soft

ware, Inc .

htt p:/ / www .surfwatch .com/

Surfwatch Software , Inc .

htt p:/ / www .ziff .com/

ZiffDavis Publishing

2 .
htt p:/ / www .tsinghua .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .pku .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .buct .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bupt .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bfsu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .njt u .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .seu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .xjt u .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .scut .edu .cn

2 64

htt p:/ / www .synet .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .scuu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .uestc, edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .whnet .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .szu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .zsu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .ruc .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .crt vu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bbi .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .fu - dan .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .tongji .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .cqu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .blcu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .seu .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .shnet .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .tju .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .nju .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .uestic .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .swjt u .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .xannet .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .njust .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .hit .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bjnum .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bit .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .bmn .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .buaa .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .nud t .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .ihep .ac .cn

2 65

htt p:/ / china .window .com

htt p:/ / www .imnet .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .math .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .net .ict .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .sti .cn .cn

htt p:/ / etri .Beijing .cn .net

htt p:/ / www .cwis .usc .edu

U niversit y of Sout hern California

htt p:/ / info .asu .edu

Arizona State University

htt p:/ / unixl .sncc .lsu .edu

Louisiana State University

htt p:/ / w db .bu .edu

Boston U niversity

htt p:/ / www .acs .ohiostate .edu

O hio State U niversity

htt p:/ / www .berheley .edu

U niversit y of California, Berkeley

htt p:/ / www .byu .edu

Brigham Young U niversity

htt p:/ / www .calstate .edu

California State U niversit y

htt p:/ / www .caltech .edu

California Institute of Technology

htt p:/ / www .cmu .edu

Carnegie Mellon U niversit y

htt p:/ / www .cs .colorado .edu

U niversit y of Colorado

htt p:/ / www .fsu .edu

Florida State U niversit y

htt p:/ / www .mit .edu

Massachusett Instit ute of Technol

ogy

htt p:/ / www .nd .edu

U niversit y of Notre Dame

htt p:/ / www .nw .edu

Nort hwestern U niversity

htt p:/ / www .ucla .edu

U niversit y of California, Los An

gels

htt p:/ / www .uxsb .edu

U niversit y of California,

San ta

Barbara
htt p:/ / www .udel .edu

U niversit y of Delaware

htt p:/ / www .uiuc .edu

U niversit y of Illinois , U rbana

2 66

htt p:/ / www .unc .edu

U niversit y of Nort h Carolina

htt p:/ / www .utexas .edu

U niversit y of Texas at Austin

htt p:/ / www .washing ton .edu

U niversit y of Washing ton

htt p:/ / www .stanford .edu

Stanford U niversity

htt p:/ / www .ox . .ac .uk/

U niversit y of O xford

htt p:/ / www .cam .ac .uk/

U niversit y of Cambridge

htt p:/ / www .nott .ac .uk/

U niversit y of Norttinggham

htt p:/ / cis .anu .edu .au

Aust ralian National U niversit y

htt p:/ / nuscc .nus .sg

National University of Singapore

htt p:/ / www .c .utokyo .ac .jp

U niversit y of Tokyo Komaba Cam

pus

htt p:/ / www .canberra .ed

U niversit y of Canberra, Aust ralia

htt p:/ / www . hiroshimacu . ac .

Hiroshima City U niversity

jp
htt p:/ / acs6 .acs .ucalgary .ca

U niversit y of Calgary

htt p:/ / view .ubc .ca

U niversit y of British Columbia

htt p:/ / w db .cs .ualberta .ca

U niversit y of Alberta

htt p:/ / www .acadiau .ca

Acadia U niversity , Nova Sotia

htt p:/ / www .unb .ca

U niversit y of New Brunswick

htt p:/ / www .utoronto .ca

U niversit y of Toron to

htt p:/ / www .uvic .ca

U niversit y

of

Victoria,

British

Columbia
htt p:/ / info .queensu .ca

Queen s U niversit y , On tario

htt p:/ / www .iro .umont real .ca

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htt p:/ / www .brain track .com/

Braintrack

htt p:/ / www .psc .t ku .edu .tw/ univer .ht m

htt p:/ / www .mc .com .au

htt p:/ / www .splee .com/ universities

htt p:/ / www .otemae .ac .jp/ listu/

index .h tml
htt p:/ / www .iee .o rg/ energy

htt p:/ / www .fastweb .com/

htt p:/ / www .applytocollege .com/

htt p:/ / .apply .collegeedge .com/

htt p:/ / gbchinese .yahoo .com/ education/

Yahoo

studyabroad

htt p:/ / www .goshoo .com/

htt p:/ / www .8848 .com/

2 88

htt p:/ / www .am azon .com

htt p:/ / www .book800 .com/

800

htt p:/ / www .chinesebooks .net

htt p:/ / www .cu21 .com/

htt p:/ / www .dangdang .com/

htt p:/ / www .fm365 .com/

fm365

htt p:/ / www .goshoo .com/

htt p:/ / www .jingqi .com/

htt p:/ / ecph .com .cn/

htt p:/ / www .ebookshop .com .cn/

htt p:/ / www .newjobs .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .cjol .com

htt p:/ / www .chinainfo .gov .cn

htt p:/ / www .iecco .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .shrc .online .cn

htt p:/ / info .cq .cninfo .net

htt p:/ / www .wisdocomputer .com

htt p:/ / www .hr .nl .cninfo .net

htt p:/ / www .netcity .net .cn

htt p:/ / www .sc .cninfo .net

htt p:/ / www .lz .gs .cninfo .net

htt p:/ / job .iii - net .com

htt p:/ / www .job .cn .net

htt p:/ / www .xa .sn .cn

htt p:/ / www .job168 .com

htt p:/ / www .tjrc .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .rc114 .com

2 89


htt p:/ / www .chinarealestate .com

htt p:/ / www .soufun .com

htt p:/ / www .sinoj .com

htt p:/ / www .5i5j .com .cn

htt p:/ / realestate .sohu .com

htt p:/ / www .bjhouse .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .coolbid .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .cshop .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .ebid .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .lalasho .com/

htt p:/ / www .paide .com/

WAP
htt p:/ / wap .163 .com

htt p:/ / wap .sina .com .cn

htt p:/ / wap .chnmobile .com

htt p:/ / wap .ebwap .com

htt p:/ / wap .china .com

htt p:/ / wap .mweb .com

htt p:/ / www .wapdm .com

htt p:/ / wap .byair .com

htt p:/ / wap .sohu .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .yahoo .com

yahoo

htt p:/ / www .excite .com

excite

htt p:/ / www .lycos .com

lycos

htt p:/ / www .infoseek .com

Infoseek

htt p:/ / www .magellan .com

m agellan

2 90

htt p:/ / www .webcrawler .com

webcrawler

htt p:/ / www .opentext .com

opentex t

htt p:/ / www .altavista .com

altavista

htt p:/ / www .goyoyo .com

goyoyo

htt p:/ / www .chinaok .com

htt p:/ / www .sohu .com

htt p:/ / www .sina .com

htt p:/ / www .263 .com

htt p:/ / www .163 .com

htt p:/ / www .east .cn .net

htt p:/ / www .computerworld .com .cn

htt p:/ / iisdp .online .sh .cn

htt p:/ / info .b ta .net .cn : 80young

htt p:/ / power .beijing .cn .net/ bikeserver/

llc/
htt p:/ / projecthope .cydf .edu .cn

htt p:/ / pump .k w .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .bol .co .cn

htt p:/ / www . bol . com . cn/ cgibin/ min

hang
htt p:/ / www .bol .com .cn/ railway

htt p:/ / www .CCT V .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .cei .gov .cn

htt p:/ / www .chinabike .com

htt p:/ / www .Chinapages .com

htt p:/ / www .chinarealestate .com

htt p:/ / www .chisa .edu .cn

htt p:/ / www .city .online .sh .cn

2 91

htt p:/ / www .cnc .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .cnc .ac .cn

htt p:/ / www .cninfo .co .cn

htt p:/ / www .cyberexp .com/ cgibin/

show .exe/ 15
htt p:/ / www .dlp tt .com

htt p:/ / www .east .cn .net

htt p:/ / www .E M .co .cn

htt p:/ / www .fesco .com

htt p:/ / www .gmdaily .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .gznet .com

htt p:/ / www .hichina .com

! !

htt p:/ / www .homeway .co .cn

htt p:/ / www .ihw .com

htt p:/ / www .intercom .co .cn

htt p:/ / www .iuol .cn .net

htt p:/ / www .online .sh .cn

htt p:/ / www .peopledaily .co .cn

htt p:/ / www .peopledaily .net

htt p:/ / www .shstar .sta .net .cn

htt p:/ / www .sina .com

htt p:/ / www .softmag .com

htt p:/ / www .sohu .com

htt p:/ / www .sparkice .com .cn

htt p:/ / www .unm .edu

htt p:/ / www .upsa .com

htt p:/ / www .walton tech .com

htt p:/ / www .prcyou th .com

htt p:/ / www .263 .com

2 92

htt p:/ / www .163 .com

htt p:/ / www .8848 .com

8848

htt p:/ / cn .yahoo .com

htt p:/ / www .51go .com

htt p:/ / www .51mai .com

htt p:/ / www .51soft .com

htt p:/ / www .51friend .net

htt p:/ / www .bjwmb .gov .cn

2 93


ad :

Andorra

ae:

U nited Arab Emirates

af:

Afghanistan

ai:

Anguilla

al:

Albania

am:

Armenia

ao:

Angola

aq:

Antarctica

ar:

Argen tina

at:

Austria

au:

Australia

az:

Azerbaijan

ba:

Bosnia Hercegovina

bb:

Barbados

bd:

Bangladesh

be:

Belgium

bf:

Burkina Faso

bg:

Bulgaria

bh:

Bahrain

bi:

Burundi

bj:

Benin

bm:

Bermuda

bn:

Brunei Darussalam

bo:

Bolivia

br:

Brazil

2 94

bs:

Bahamas

bt:

Bhu tan

bw:

Botswana

by:

Belarus

ca:

Canada

cf:

Cen tral African Republic

cg:

Congo

ch:

Switzerland

ci:

Cote dIvoire

ck:

Cook Islands

cl:

Chile

cm:

Cameroon

cn:

China

co:

Colombia

cq:

Equatorial Guinea

cr:

Costa Rica

cu:

Cuba

cv:

Cape Verde

cy:

Cyprus

cz:

Czech Republic

de:

Germany

dj:

Djibouti

dk:

Denmark

do:

Dominican Republic

dz:

Algeria

ec:

Ecuador

ee:

Estonia

eg:

Egypt

eh:

Western Sahara

2 95

es:

Spain

et:

E thiopia

ev:

El Salvador

fi:

Finland

fj:

Fiji

fo:

Faroe Islands

fr:

France

ga:

Gabon

gb:

Great Britain ( UK )

gd:

Grenada

ge:

Georgia

gh:

Ghana

gi:

Gibraltar

gl:

Greenland

gm:

Gambia

gn:

Guinea

gr:

Greece

gt:

Guatemala

gu:

Guam

gw:

Guinea - Bissau

gy:

Guyana

hk:

Hong Kong

hn:

Honduras

hr:

Croatia

ht:

Haiti

hu:

H ungary

id:

Indonesia

ie:

Ireland

il:

Israel

2 96

in:

India

iq:

Iraq

ir:

Iran

is:

Iceland

it:

Italy

jm:

Jamaica

jo:

Jordan

jp:

Japan

ke:

Kenya

kg:

Kyrgyzstan

kh:

Cambodia

ki:

Kiribati

kp:

KoreaNorth

kr:

KoreaSou th

kw:

K uwait

kz:

Kazakhstan

la:

Lao Peoples Republic

lb:

Lebanon

li:

Liech tenstein

lk:

Sri Lanka

lr:

Liberia

ls:

Lesot ho

lt:

Lit huania

lu:

Luxembourg

lv:

Latvia

ly:

Libya

ma:

Morocco

mc:

Monaco

md:

Moldova

2 97

mg:

Madagascar

ml:

Mali

mm:

Myanm ar

mn:

Mongolia

mo:

Macao

mp:

Nor thern Mariana Islands

mr :

Mauritania

ms:

Montserrat

mt:

Malta

mv:

Maldives

mw:

Malawi

mx:

Mexico

my:

Malaysia

mz:

Mozambique

na:

Namibia

ne:

Niger

nf:

Norfolk Island

ng:

Nigeria

ni:

Nicaragua

nl:

Netherlands

no:

Nor way

np:

Nepal

nr:

Nauru

nz:

New Zealand

om:

Oman

pa:

Panama

pe:

Peru

pg:

Papua New Guinea

ph:

Philippines

2 98

pk:

Pakistan

pl:

Poland

pr:

Puerto Rico

pt:

Port ugal

py:

Paraguay

qa:

Qatar

ro:

Romania

ru:

Russian Federation

rw:

Rwanda

sa:

Saudi Arabia

sb:

Solomon Islands

ssd:

Sudan

se:

Sweden

sg:

Singapore

si:

Slovenia

sk:

Slovakia

sl:

Sierra Leone

sm:

San Marino

sn:

Senegal

so:

Somalia

sr:

Suriname

st:

Sao Tome & Principe

sy:

Syrian Arab Republic

sz:

Swaziland

td:

Chad

tg:

Togo

th:

Thailand

tj:

Tajikistan

tm:

Turkmenistan

2 99

tn:

Tunisia

to:

Tonga

tr:

Turkey

tt:

Trinidad & Tobago

tv:

Tuvalu

tw:

Taiwan

tz:

Tanzania

ua:

U krainian SSR

ug:

U ganda

uk:

U nited Kingdom

us:

U nited States

uy:

U ruguay

va:

Vatican Cit y State

ve:

Venezuela

vg:

Virgin Islands

vn:

Vietnam

ye:

Yemen

yu:

Yugoslavia

za:

Sou th Africa

zm:

Zambia

zr:

Zaire

zw:

Zimbabwe

3 00


[1 ] John Wiley & Sons Dictionary of Data processing , Telecommunications , and
office Syetems, 1984 .
[2] Peter Dyson , Novells Dictionary of Network , Novell Press, 1994 .
[3] James & Janson , T he Internet Language Dictionary , American , 1997 .
[4] , , , 1986
8
[5] , , , 1992 6
[6] , Novell , , 1995 6
[7] , In ternet , , 1997 12
[8] , , , 1999 12
[9] , , , 2000

3 01

3 02