UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA ANSWER SHEME TEST 1 SEMESTER I SESSION 2009/2010

SUBJECT SUBJECT CODE COURSE EXAMINATION DATE DURATION INSTRUCTION : : : : : : STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1 BFC 3142 BFA SEPTEMBER 2009 2 HOURS ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS ALL CALCULATIONS MUST BE REFERRED FROM STANDARDS: BS 8110: PART 1: 1997 BS 6399: PART 1: 1996

THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF 4 PAGES

BFC 3142

Q1

Reinforced concrete can be defined as a composite materials consisting of concrete and reinforcement bars. Briefly explain the composite action between both of the materials. (3 marks) Answer: The tensile strength of concrete is only about 10 per cent of the compressive strength. Because of this, nearly all reinforced concrete structures are designed on the assumption that the concrete does not resist any tensile forces it just resist the compression force only. (1 mark) Reinforcement is designed to carry these tensile forces, which are transferred by bond between the interfaces of the two materials. (1 mark) If this bond is not adequate, the reinforcing bars will just slip with in the concrete and there will not be a composite action. Thus members should be detailed so that the concrete can be well compacted around the reinforcement during construction. In addition some bars are ribbed or twisted so that there is an extra mechanical grip. (1 mark)

a)

Figure Q1 (a) and Q1 (b) shows the simply supported and continuous beam respectively. If the beams are reinforced concrete and subjected to uniform distributed load for every span. Sketch the behavior of the beams and the location of tension and compression reinforcement of the beams. (5 marks) Answer:

b)

Simply Supported Beam

Continuous Beam

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From your opinion, why partial safety factor of material,m for steel smaller than partial safety factor for concrete? (2 marks) Answer: Because steel are manufactured using systematic production process and good quality control compared to concrete production process therefore the partial safety factor of steel are smaller than partial safety factor of concrete. c) By using flow chart list the design process of reinforced concrete structures. (5 marks) Answer: d)

Architectural Drawing

Structural Arrangement Layout Plan

Structural Design

Loading Analysis / Structural Analysis

Detail Drawing

Q2

Figure Q2 shows a first floor plan of an office building. The loading criteria are given as follows: Dead load, Floor finishing Ceiling Brickwall Concrete density = 0.8 kN/m2 = 0.5 kN/m2 = 7.8 kN/m = 24 kN/m3 Imposed load, Slab 1 & Slab 2 Slab 3 Slab 4 = 2.5 kN/m2 = 4.0 kN/m2 = 3.0 kN/m2

a)

Calculate the characteristic dead and imposed load for all slab. (4 marks)

Answer: Slab 1 Dead Load, Gk Slab Self-weight = 0.125 x 24 = 3.0 kN/m2 Floor Finishing = 0.8 kN/m2 Ceiling = 0.5 kN/m2 Total dead load, Gk = 4.3 kN/m2 Total imposed load, Qk = 2.5 kN/m2

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Slab 2 Dead Load, Gk Imposed Load, Qk Slab 3 Dead Load, Gk Imposed Load, Qk Slab 4 Dead Load, Gk Imposed Load, Qk

= 4.3 kN/m2 = 2.5 kN/m2 = 4.3 kN/m2 = 4.0 kN/m2 = 4.3 kN/m2 = 3.0 kN/m2

Calculate the characteristic dead and imposed load for the beam B/1-4 by using shear force coefficient given in Table 3.15 BS 8110 Part 1: 1997. (8 marks) Answer:

b)

Load distribution from slab Slab 1 Ly/Lx = 5000/4500 = 1.1 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case : Two adjacent edge discontinuous, vy = 0.40 Vsy = vy. n. Lx Gk = 0.4 x 4.3 x 4.5 = 7.74 kN/m Qk = 0.4 x 2.5 x 4.5 = 4.50 kN/m Slab 2 Ly/Lx = 5000/4500 = 1.1 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case : One short edge discontinuous, vy = 0.36 Vsy = vy. n. Lx Gk = 0.36 x 4.3 x 4.5 = 6.97 kN/m 4

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Qk = 0.36 x 2.5 x 4.5 = 4.05 kN/m Slab 3 Ly/Lx = 6000/5000 = 1.2 < 2.0 : Two way slab Slab Case : Three edges discontinuous (one short edge continuous), vx = 0.36 Vsx = vx. n. Lx Gk = 0.36 x 4.3 x 5.0 = 7.74 kN/m Qk = 0.36 x 4.0 x 5.0 = 7.20 kN/m Slab 4 Ly/Lx = 9000/4000 = 2.25 > 2.0 : One way slab Gk = 0.50 x 4.3 x 4.0 = 8.60 kN/m Qk = 0.50 x 3.0 x 4.0 = 6.00 kN/m Load on Beam B/1-4 Span 1-2 Gk : From Slab 1 = 7.74 kN/m From Slab 4 = 8.60 kN/m Brick wall = 7.80 kN/m Beam S/weight = 1.56 kN/m Total dead load, Gk = 25.70 kN/m Span 2-3 Gk : From Slab 2 = 6.97 kN/m From Slab 4 = 8.60 kN/m Brick wall = 7.80 kN/m Beam S/weight = 1.56 kN/m Total dead load, Gk = 24.93 kN/m Span 3-4 Gk : From Slab 3 = 7.74 kN/m Brick wall = 7.80 kN/m Beam S/weight = 2.28 kN/m Total dead load, Gk = 17.82 kN/m

Qk :

From Slab 1 From Slab 4

= 4.50 kN/m = 6.00 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 10.50 kN/m

Qk :

From Slab 2 From Slab 4

= 4.05 kN/m = 6.00 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 10.05 kN/m

Qk :

From Slab 2

= 7.20 kN/m

Total imposed load, Qk = 7.20 kN/m

Gk = 25.70 kN/m Gk = 24.93 kN/m Gk = 17.82 kN/m Qk = 10.50 kN/m Qk = 10.05 kN/m Qk = 7.20 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
4.5 m 4.5 m 6.0 m

BFC 3142

Sketch the critical load arrangements for the beam B/1-4 as stated in clause 3.2.1.2.2 BS 8110 Part 1: 1997. (3 marks) Answer: Load Case 1 : All Span loaded with Maximum load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk 52.78 kN/m 50.98 kN/m 36.47 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
4.5 m 4.5 m 6.0 m

c)

Load Case 2 : Alternate span loaded with maxi load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk and 1.0Gk 52.78 kN/m 24.93 kN/m 36.47 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
4.5 m 4.5 m 6.0 m

Load Case 3 : Alternate span loaded with 1.0Gk and maxi load 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk 25.70 kN/m 50.98 kN/m 17.82 kN/m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
4.5 m 4.5 m 6.0 m

Q3

a)

Define the followings: i) Under reinforced section The term of under-reinforced not means insufficient of reinforcement bars in a section to resist the design moment. Under-reinforced sections able to resist the design moment and it happened when the steel yields (st = y or st >> y) before the strain in the concrete at the compression face reaches the maximum permissible value of 0.0035 (cc < cu). Because steel is a ductile material, steel elongates while maintaining its strength. The beam continues to deform at constant load and the neutral axis moves up. The beam finally fails when the depth of the compression zone is too small to balance the tensile force in steel. This type of failure is the desired type because there is ample warning before failure (2 marks)

BFC 3142

ii)

Over reinforced section Over-reinforced section happened when tension reinforcement in a cross section is high. The reinforcement does not yield (within elastic zone) before concrete crushes. The failure of over-reinforced beams tends to be sudden and catastrophic and is not preceded by evidence such as excessive cracking of the concrete and large deflections. Over-reinforced section must be avoided in the design. (2 marks)

b)

Figure Q3 show a cross section of rectangular beam with singly reinforced. If the beam are constructed using concrete grade 30 and steel grade 460, determine the moment resistance of the beam section and classify the section either under reinforced or over reinforced. (7 marks) Answer:
b = 200 mm

x d = 425 mm

0.9x

Fcc = 0.405fcubx

Neutral Axis Z = d 0.45x

2T25
As = 982 mm2

Fst = 0.95fyAs

For equilibrium

f st = f cc

0 . 95 f y A s = 0 . 405 f cu bx
x = 0 . 95 ( 460 )( 982 ) = 176 . 60 mm 0 . 405 ( 30 )( 200 )

Checking,
x 176.60 = = 0.42 < 0.5 d 425

Under reinforced section

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Moment resistance of section

M = F cc z

M = F st z

M = (0 . 405 f cu bx )(d 0 . 45 x )

M = (0.405 30 200 176.6)(425 0.45(176.6))

M = 148.28kNm
c) What is the consequence if the design bending moment obtained from elastic analysis greater then the result of Q3 (b)? As a design engineer, suggest the solutions. (4 marks) Answer: The beam tends to fail, due to excessive bending moment against moment resistance of section. Suggestion: 1) Increase the effective depth of the beam 2) Increase number of reinforcement bar.

BFC 3142

TEST 1
SEMESTER/SESSION SUBJECT : 1 / 2009-2010 : STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1 COURSE SUBJECT CODE : 3 BFA : BFC 3142

BFC 3142

FIGURE Q1 (a)

FIGURE Q1 (b)

FIGURE Q2

FIGURE Q3

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