COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMTICS

AUTOMOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

APROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MATHEMTICS

BY: ABDULFETA AHMED YUSUF ADVISOR: ASFAWOSEN BIRHANE [M.SC]

DEC, 2011/12 JIMMA, ETHIOPIA

ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and for most of great full to the college of natural science in Jimma university for providing the material as well as give me the opportunity to conduct this research project. Next I would to express my appreciations and thanks to my advisor Ato Asfawosen Birhane (M.SC) for his help in choosing the title and give comments in order to develop the project properly. In addition my heart feel gratitude also goes to the librarian for their help in providing relevant reference books and internet service.

ABSTRACT A paper published in 2004 E.C that focuses on data analysis on autonomous differential equation. Basically the main objective of this study was explain about Autonomous Differential equations only; that autonomous differential equation is an equation of ordinary differential equation which does not depend on independent variable or a differential equation involving derivative with respect to a single independent variable. This paper provides better understanding and help mathematical reader about autonomous differential equation. The meaning of phase plane was written in this project that is the phase plane is an autonomous system that independent variable does not occur explicitly. The critical point of differential equation was explained. In addition the criteria, types and application of critical point and some theorem that related to autonomous differential equation were explained and proofed. Finally stability of critical point was explained.

INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Among many fields of mathematics the study is on the area of calculus which is a branch of mathematics that focuses on autonomous differential equation. Differential equations are equations involving derivatives of dependent variable with respect to one or more independent variable. It is divided in to two. Those are: partial differential equation and ordinary differential equation. A partial differential equation is a differential equation involving derivatives with respect to two or more independent variable. But ordinary differential equation is involving derivative with respect to a single independent variable. In this the autonomous differential equation is included under ordinary differential equation. The autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equation which does not depend on the independent variable and also a differential equation involving derivatives with respect to a single independent variable is called autonomous differential equation. Autonomous means independent time, refers to the fact that the right hand side of .(a) Depend on and not on Where is continuously differentiable. Equation (a) is first order autonomous differential equation, because the independent variable (customarily ) does not pear explicitly in the functions. Autonomous differential equation is also separable variable, for this reason its solution can be found by integration. That is and it is fairly frequently in science and engineering, since first result timeless lows of nature. There are technic used for sketching solution of differential equation of the form without having to solve the differential equation, the technique is valuable for three reasons those are: one there many differential equations for which explicit solution cannot be written down, two even when an explicit

solution is available we still face the problem of determining its behavior. Three in many applications the explicit formula for a solution is unnecessarily that means a qualitative understanding of the solution is sufficient. When we see autonomous differential equation graphically the graphs of two distinct solutions cannot intersect. In addition the following procedures are used to sketching the graphs of the solution of autonomous differential equation for which the initial value is given . 1, Determine zeros of , each zero yields a constant solution of the differential equation. By drowning the horizontal line corresponding to the constant solution on single coordinate system. 2, Compute if this function value is greater than zero, then is strictly increasing .if less than zero ,then is strictly decreasing. Note: is the s lope of the graph of at zero.

From the equation

(second order derivative) determine the

interval on which it is concave down ward or concave upward. If changes sign at then the graph of the solution has an inflection point at point ( , )) 4, Beginning with the point on the using the result of step (2) and (3) axis sketch the graph of on

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

a, what is autonomous differential equation means? b, How we can solve autonomous differential equation? c, what type of theorem related to it? d, what is the technique used for sketching solution of autonomous differential e equation of the first order? e, what is the application of autonomous differential equation? 1.3 objective of the study. The main focus of the study would be on autonomous differential equation, and have the following general and specific objectives.

1.3.1 General objective The general objective of this study would be explain and analysis autonomous differential equation. To prove some theorem and to solve some problem related to the study. 1.3.2 Specific objective -To define terminology in autonomous differential equation. -To solve some problem. -To find that we can determine the general appearance of graph of the solution. -To define the application of autonomous differential equation.

1.4 Scope of the study The study would conduct up on autonomous differential equation (DE) only. Study would not include all the type of (DE) and it would be conducted in Jimma University, College of natural science, and department of mathematics.

1.5 significance of the study The study provides better understanding and awareness about autonomous differential equation. It help mathematic reader how it is different from partial differential equation. It provides base information to student who will write about research on this study. It is helpful for student in mathematics to use it as one reference as there is a shortage of material.

1.6 Limitation of the study The study which was aimed to assessing the meaning of autonomous differential equation . Some those constraints that role out the study is listed as follows: The most prominent problems were the shortage of times. Time given for the data collection and analysis of data were not sufficient. Some of the respondents were not interested in giving necessarily Information for the study. Lack of financial to conduct this study.

2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 study area and period The place where this project was in jimma university college of natural science and department of mathematics. The time taken to perform this project was starting from December up to May 2.2 source of the information The source of information for this project would be documentary or secondary source to find the study article and theories that related to the study.

2.3 Data collection procedures These data collection procedures would be gathered from different information from related reference and books and from internet.

2.3 Method of data analysis After having collection the required data information it woul be organized, categorized and compiling in the project.

Reference
1, A.D. plying and V.F. zaitser[2003] hand books of exact solution equation ( edition),chapman and hall/ CRC peress,Boka Raton. for ordinary differential

2, Boyce, William E,Richarde, Diprima(2005) elementary differential equation and bounder value problem ( edition) Newyork. 3, E.Kreyszig (2005)-Advanced, Engineering mathematics ( edition), university of Maryland at college of park.USA. Johan Wiley and son, ING, Newyork .USA. 4, R.Ellis (1986) calculus with analytic geometry ( Maryland at college of park. USA. edition) university of

Table of contents
Contents..page Acknowledgement1

Abstract2 Table of content.3 Introduction.4 Chapter one 1.1 Background of the study.4 1.2 Statement of the problem.7 1.3 Objective of the study7 1.4 General objective8 1.5 Specific objective8 1.6 Scope of the study...8 1.7 Significance of the study8

Chapter two 2 Methodology..9 2.1 Source of information9 2.2 Data collection 9 2.3 Method of data analysis.9