BQ.ANITA.

RAHMI E1D110072 MORPHOLOGY VB (reg-sore)

1) Case marking: word case refers to the function of a noun or pronoun in a clause. When according to Herman (1982) nominative (NOM), possessive (POSS/GEN), and objective(OBJ) were types of English classes. So, case marking is nominative, possessive and objective was in function of a noun or pronoun. Examples in variety of language : a. (German) a. ein gut-er Lehrer a:NOM.SG.MASC good-NOM.SG.MASC teacher(MASC):NOM.SG a good teacher b. eine gut-e Lehrerin a:NOM.SG.FEM good-NOM.SG.FEM teacher(FEM):NOM.SG a good (female) teacher b. (Latin first declension ) NOM ACC GEN DAT ABL farmer Agricola Agricolam agricolae agricol

c. (Russian: accusative = genitive) Brother NOM Brat ACC Brata GEN DAT Bratu LOC Brate INSTR Bratom

d. (feminine noun in Burushaki) man woman ABS Hir Gus ERG Hire Guse GEN Hire Gusmo DAT Hirar Gusmur ALL hirale Gusmule

e. (Oblique case syncretism in Georgian) man cf SG NOM(ABS) Kac-i GEN Kac-is DAT Kac-s ERG Kac-ma VOC Kac-o 2) Inflectional with the analytical cases a. Inflectional case typically, case marks(typically the ending), the relationship of a noun to a verb at the clause level or of a noun to a preposition, postposition or another noun at the phrase level. While, b. Analytical case : adpositions (prepositions or postpositions) play at least some part in marking the relations of dependent nouns to their heads. Example of inflectional case (LATIN) : NOM VOC ACC GEN DAV ABL hand Manus Manus Manum mans manu man war Bellum Bellum Bellum bell bell bell mistress Domina Domina dominam Dominae Dominae domin

Example of analytical case (VIETNAMESE) t: n nha ban t: I come house friend I I come to my friends house 3) Some properties of Negation(NEG) in sasaknese a. negative doublings ndekh gemes kaken mi bangsu ndek(NEG)kh(SUBJ) gemes(NEG) kaken mi bangsu I wont eat tasteless rice b. negative adverbs rarely budi langah tame sekolah budi langah (NEG) tame sekolah budi rarely comes to school c. negative adverbs almost arohkh telamper siq dokar aroh(NEG)kh(SUBJ) I almost hit by dokar d. indeclinable words which often used in sasaknese negation i. ndek-ye (that is not) ii. ndek-man (not yet) iii. ndek-uwah (have not) iv. ndek-mele (will not) v. ndek-gemes (will never) vi. jerah / jah in pujut means do not etc. essive case in sasaknese o peramen jaran as a stud(ame : stud) of horses o perinen jaran as a mare (ine : mare) of horses

4) Portmanteau morpheme is a word or morpheme whose form and meaning are derived from a blending of two or more distinct forms, example in English smog from smoke and fog. Examples in Bimanese : 1. Dombjo from dou and mbojo (bimanese) 2. Latbe from lao and tabe (where you go) 3. Kolta from kola and tuta (bald) 4. Maitke from maita and take (come here) 5. Ncokda from ncoki and poda (hard enough) 6. Wangha from waura and ngaha (have you eat) 7. Oiti from oi and moti (sea water) 8. Waonda from waa and Honda (riding hondamotorcycle) 9. Ainlo from aina and lao (dont go) 10. Sipinggo from sipi and honggo (hairpin)