POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF COAST ESPOL

School of Mechanical and Production Sciences FIMCP Energy Conversion Systems Topic Energy Balance of the Central mini steam Thermo-fluids laboratory

Name:
JONATHAN NOE LOOR GARCA

Teacher
DOCTOR ALFREDO BARRIGA.

II TERM Year 2012-2013

Jonathan Loor Garca

Objective This report shows the respective calculations to determine the efficiency of each of the teams in the Central mini steam thermal lab FIMCP fluids, as well as overall efficiency, fuel consumption etc. Theory Thermal Plants A thermal transforms the chemical energy of a fuel (gas, coal, fuel) into electrical energy. You can also consider those that operate power plants with nuclear power. Is an installation in which mechanical energy is needed to move generator and therefore to obtain the electric energy is obtained from the vapor formed to boil water in a boiler. All following thermal cycle intended for the production of steam turbines that drive the alternator rotor move. Phases 1. It is used as a fuel, usually called a petroleum fuel oil, but no gas stations or coal. This fuel is burned in a boiler and the generated heat is transferred to water. 2. Heat the liquid water is pumped to a heating coil (pipe system). The water heating is produced by a boiler that obtains energy from the combustion of fuel (pulverized coal, oil or gas). 3. Passing liquid water to transform into steam and this steam is humid little energy. 4. Overheated vapor which becomes dry to high temperatures and pressures. 5. The superheated vapor pass through a conduit system and released to a turbine, causing their movement at high speed, ie generate mechanical energy. 6. The turbine is coupled to an alternator severally which ultimately produces electrical energy. 7. In this final stage, the vapor is cooled, condensed and returned to liquid. The facility where this occurs is called the condenser. Liquid water is part of a closed loop and back again to the boiler after heating. To cool the steam used is used to water from a river or the sea, which must be cooled in cooling towers.
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If the fuel used is fuel, it is stored in deposits as it arrives at the refinery and, after being heated, is led from them to the boiler thermal power if the gas is, it passes the storage tank to the boiler also experiencing a warm up.

Procedure For the calculation of each of the parameters listed in the "objectives", was taken as initial, experimental data from several laboratories practical guidance of thermo-fluids, all experimental data were collected from each of the thermal equipment in question were taken with the same or similar conditions of operation, namely: Mass flow of steam Power delivered by the turbine Cooling water flow This was done in order to present reliable results while maintaining a minimum level of uncertainty.
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Results The following table shows the following results. BOILER Efficiency % 72.86 Heat added (kj/s) 163.8 Fuel heat (kj/s) 224.8 Vapor Quality % 95.95 SUPERHEATER Efficiency % 46.18 Heat added (kj/s) 14.91 Fuel heat (kj/s) 32.29 TURBINE Efficiency % 77.15 Ideal Power (kw) 12.52 Real Power (kw) 9.657 CONDENSER Efficiency % 77.26 Heat rejected (kj/s) 162.4 Heat removed by cooling 125.5 water (kj/s) PUMP Efficiency % 29.35 Ideal Power (kw) 0.065 Real Power (kw) 0.224 GLOBAL PARAMETERS Fuel consumption (gal/dia) 160.5 Net power (kw) 9.433 Total added heat (kj/s) 178.7 Global efficiency % 5.28 Heat lost through walls 6.844 (kj/s) Thermal Performance 1.41 (kwh/gal) Note: Calculations are detailed in the "annexes" that was used for EES (Engineering Equation Solver) in view of the laborious calculations become.

Jonathan Loor Garca

Conclusions Based on these results, we can see that the overall efficiency of the central mini steam is very low compared with common efficiencies ranging from 27% to 39%, the overall efficiency value that we have obtained a general idea of how much energy we are using to generate electricity and in turn we realize how much energy we are wasting. This value also can be corroborated with the thermal efficiency is 1.41 kwh / gal. We can also observe that the boiler efficiency is 72.86%, which is an acceptable value because of the time consuming operation of the working equipment, and deterioration thereof. Finally we were able to obtain the net power is delivered to 9433 kw, which is a value very close (10 kw) to that used in the laboratory guides, corroborating that the calculation is correct. Bibliography

http://tecnologiafuentenueva.wikispaces.com/file/view/centrales -termicas.pdf http://www.premen.ru/es/content/energy/mini/

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Annexes

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