TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS EMBEDDED SYSTEM UNIT-I 1. What is an embedded system?

An embedded system is one that has computer-hardware with software embedded in it as one of its most important component. It is a computing device that does a specific focused job. 2. What are the components of embedded system? An embedded system has three main components i) Hardware ii) Software iii) Real Time Operating System(RTOS) What are the classifications of embedded systems? iv) Small scale embedded system v) Medium scale embedded system vi) Sophisticated embedded system 3. What are i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) all the application areas of the embedded systems? Consumer Appliances Office Automation Industrial Automation Medical Electronics Computer Networking Telecommunications Wireless Technologies Instrumentation Security Finance

4. What are the categories of embedded system? Based on functionality and performance requirements, embedded systems can be categorized as : i) Stand-alone embedded system ii) Real-time systems iii) Networked Information Appliances iv) Mobile Devices 5. What are the special features of embedded systems? i) They do a very specific task ii) They have very limited resource iii) They work against some deadlines iv) They are constrained for power v) They need to be highly reliable 6. What is stand-alone embedded system?

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Stand-alone systems work in stand-alone mode. They take inputs, process them and produce the desired output. The input can be electrical signals from transducers or commands. The output can be electrical signals to drive another system. 7. What is real-time system? Embedded systems in which some specific work has to be done in a specific time period are called real-time systems. For example, consider a system that has to open a valve within 30ms when the humidity crosses a particular threshold. 8. What are all the specialities of embedded systems? i) Reliability ii) Performance iii) Power consumption iv) Cost v) Size vi) Limited user interface 10. What are the CPU processors used in embedded system? i) General purpose processor(GPP) ii) Digital signal processor 11. What are the three types of architectures for the processor? i)Von Neumann Architecture ii)Harvard Architecture iii)Super Harvard Architecture

12. What is the Von Neumann Architecture?

This Architecture has one memory chip which stores both instruction and data. The processor interacts with the memory through address and data buses to fetch instructions and data. 13. What is Harvard Architecture? It has separate memory blocks, one is program memory and the other is data memory. Program memory stores only instructions and data memory stores only data. 14. What is Super Harvard Architecture(SHARC)? In which the data memory is accessed more frequently than the program memory.Therefore in SHARC provision has been made to store some secondary data in the program memory to balance the load on both memory blocks.

15. Differentiate CISC and RISC processor?

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CISC

RISC

i)Complex instruction set computer ii)It has large instruction set. iii)It needs less memory iv)In which software architecture is simple, hardware architecture is complex.

i)Reduced instruction set computer ii)It has limited number of instruction set iii)It needs large memory iv) )In which hardware architecture is simple, software architecture is complex

16. What are the types of memory? i) Program Memory It stores the firmware permanently. ii) Data Memory It contents are erased when power is switched off. 17. What are the classifications of memory chip? i) RAM ii) ROM iii) Hybrid Memory a) EEPROM b) Flash memory c) Non volatile Memory 18. What is ROM? A ROM that locates the following in its ROM-Embedded software, initial data and strings and operating systems or RTOS. 19. What is RAM? This is a Random Access Read and Write memory that the processor uses to store program and data that are volatile and which disappear on power down or off. 20. What is timer? A unit to provide the time for the system clock and Real-Time operations and scheduling. 21. What is watch dog timer? A timer with timeout from which resets the processor in case the program gets stuck for an unexpected time. (OR) An important timing device in a system that resets the system after a pre-defined timeout. This time may be definable within the first few clock cycles after reset.ss 22. What is clock? Fixed frequency pulses that an oscillator circuit generates and that controls all operations during processing and all timing references of the system. Frequency depends on the needs of the processor circuits. A processor, if it needs 100MHz clock then its minimum instruction processing time is a reciprocal of it, which is 10ns. 23. What is compiler? A program that, according to the processor specification, generates machine codes from the high level language. The codes are called object codes.

25. What is linker?

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24. What is Assembler? A program that translates assembly language software into the machine codes placed in a file called .exe(Executable) file.

A program that links the compiled codes with the other codes and provides the input for a loader or locator. 26. What is loader? It is a program that reallocates the physical memory addresses for loading into the system RAM memory. Reallocation is necessary, as available memory may not start from 0x0000 at a given instant of processing in a computer. The loader is a part of the OS in a computer. 27. What is locator? It is a program to reallocate the linked files of the program application and the RTOS codes at the actual addresses of the ROM memory. It creates a file in a standard format. File is called ROM image. 28. What is device driver? ISR softwarem,which runs after the programming of the control register of a peripheral device and to let the device get the inputs or outputs. It executes on an interrupt to or from the device. 29. What is device Manager? Software to mange multiple devices and drivers. 30. What is kernel? A program with functions for memory allocation and deallocation,tasks scheduling, inter-process communication ,effective management of shared memory access by using the signals ,exception handling signals,semaphores,queues,mailboxes,pipes,i/o management,interrupt controls,device drivers and device management. 31. What is RTOS? OS softwares for rel-time programming and scheduling, process and memory manager,device driver, device management and multitasking. 32. What is system? A way of working, organizing or doing some task or series of task by following the fixed plan, program and set of rules.

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