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This presents the experiences and knowledge I have gathered during my training period
starting from 8th February 2010 to 23rd July 2010 at Loadstar (Private) Limited, Ceylon
Electricity Board and Lanka Electricity Company (Private) Limited. In detail, problems I
encountered and techniques used to overcome these problems are included.
The Introduction, Training Experiences and Conclusion are the three sections discussed in
this Report.
Chapter one reviews information about the training organizations, their main functions,
organizational structure and hierarchy. I also mention present performance, profitability and
usefulness to Sri Lankan Society. And also discussed is about how to improve its
performance.
My experience and knowledge gained are presented in the second Chapter onwards.
Information about the work place where I visited, duties and functions during training period,
Problems encountered during the training and solutions found are also discussed.
The ability of the three training establishments I visited to provide useful industrial training
and suggestions to improve the training practices in house are discussed in the Conclusion.
The contribution of Loadstar is described first in each chapter as this was the first
establishment I was trained at. This company manufactures solid and pneumatic tires, wheels
and tracks under the Solideal brand and is an ISO 9000 certified company.
The Ceylon Electricity Board (also abbreviated as CEB), is the largest electricity company in
Sri Lanka. With a market share of nearly 100%, it controls all major functions such as
electricity generation, transmission, distribution and retailing in Sri Lanka. I spent 2 months
of the highest quality training at CEB.
Lanka Electricity Company (Private) Limited (also abbreviated as LECO) was my next
destination. I spent a highly eventful and busy 1 month at LECO. This company was
incorporated in 1983 for the electricity distribution in Sri Lanka. Lanka Electricity Company
(Private) Limited being the only company behind Ceylon Electricity Board to be involved in
electricity distribution in Sri Lanka is continuing its work with the mission to be the best in
the Electricity Distribution Industry and to actively contribute to develop a Competitive
Electricity Industry in Sri Lanka for the Benefit of Electricity Consumers.
I have tried my best to reflect on all the important information gathered during my training
period.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The training program having three destinations was a lot more useful than staying at one
place throughout the whole six months. I wish to extend my deep gratitude towards all the
people who arranged this valuable opportunity to obtain a successful Industrial Training
through three different training places.
Im thanking to the Training Department of University of Moratuwa and National Apprentice
& Industrial Training Authority (NAITA) for giving me this valuable opportunity to be
exposed to the industry. And also I should be grateful for the Loadstar (PVT) Ltd, Ceylon
Electricity Board, Lanka Electricity Company (Pvt) Ltd for having me as an industrial
trainee.
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My deep gratitude goes to all the employees of the Loadstar (Pvt) Limited, Ceylon Electricity
Board & Lanka Electricity Company (Pvt) Ltd for all the help they provided.
My special thank go to Ms. Medhani Bandara, Undergraduate, Faculty of Medicine and allied
sciences, Rajarata University who help me to finalize the training report by proof reading &
review.
Thank you again to all the stated & non-stated people who helped me to finish my industrial
training program very successfully.
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CONTENTS
Topic
Page No
Prefacei
Acknowledgements..iii
Contents.v
List of Figures...ix
List of Tables..x
1. Introduction to the Training Establishment...01
1.1. Introduction to Loadstar (Private) Limited....01
1.1.1. Vision if Loadstar01
1.1.2. Mission of Loadstar.....01
1.1.3. Main functions of plants and offices...01
1.1.4. Organizational Structure and Hierarchical levels.....02
1.1.5. Strengths and Weaknesses...02
1.1.6. Profitability..03
1.1.7. Usefulness to Sri Lankan Society03
1.2. Introduction to Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB)04
1.2.1. Vision of CEB..04
1.2.2. Mission of CEB04
1.2.3. Main functions of CEB04
1.2.3.1.
Generation04
1.2.3.2.
Transmission05
1.2.3.3.
Distribution..05
1.3.6. Weaknesses..09
1.3.7. Profitability and Usefulness to the society.09
2. Training Experience..10
2.1. Training at Loadstar (Private) Limited...10
2.1.1. My work sites...10
2.1.2. Duties and functions10
2.1.2.1.
Projects.10
2.1.2.2.
2.1.2.3.
2.1.2.4.
various applications.11
2.1.2.5.
2.1.2.6.
2.1.2.7.
2.1.2.8.
Industrial Safety...17
2.1.5.2.
2.1.5.3.
Introduction.18
2.1.6.2.
Organization of Maintenance...19
2.1.6.3.
Types of Maintenance..19
2.1.6.3.1.1.
Improved Maintenance.19
2.1.6.3.1.2.
Corrective Maintenance...20
2.1.6.3.1.3.
Preventive Maintenance...20
Introduction.22
2.2.2.2.
Surge Chamber.22
vi
2.2.2.3.
Turbines23
2.2.2.4.
Generators24
2.2.2.5.
Transformer Yard.24
2.2.2.6.
The Switchyard.25
2.2.2.7.
MW/Mvar control.26
2.2.2.8.
2.2.2.9.
Synchronization26
2.2.5.2.
Maintenance.31
Introduction..32
2.2.6.2.
2.2.6.3.
Demand Forecast.33
2.2.6.4.
2.2.6.5.
WASP Package....33
Introduction.34
2.2.7.2.
2.2.7.3.
2.2.7.4.
Planning Criteria..35
2.2.7.5.
Voltage Criteria...35
2.2.7.6.
Thermal Criteria...35
2.2.7.7.
Security Criteria...35
2.2.7.8.
Stability Criteria..36
2.2.7.9.
2.2.7.10.
Introduction.37
2.2.8.2.
Grid Substation37
2.2.8.3.
Circuit Breakers...37
vii
2.2.8.4.
Isolator38
2.2.8.5.
Autotransformer..38
2.2.8.6.
Surge arresters..39
2.2.8.7.
2.2.8.8.
Voltage Transformers...39
2.2.8.9.
Protection..39
2.2.8.9.1.1.
Transformer Protection.40
2.2.8.9.1.2.
Branch Administration.43
2.3.5.2.
3. Conclusion.48
3.1. Loadstar (Private) Limited.48
3.2. Ceylon Electricity Board49
3.3. Lanka Electricity Company (Private) Limited50
Annex A
Annex B
Annex C
Annex D
Annex E
Mahaweli Complex..xx
Annex F
Laxapana Complex..xxi
Annex G
Abbreviationsxxiii
viii
List of Figures
Figure
Page No
ix
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Information on worksites..............................................21
Table 2.2 Comparison between Static and Brushless Exciters.............................................24
Table 2.3 Hydropower plants and Capacities.......................................................................29
Table 2.4 Thermal power plants and owned by CEB...........................................................30
Table 2.5 Private Thermal power plants...............................................................................31
Table 2.6 Voltage Criteria.....................................................................................................35
Table 2.7 Short circuit Criteria..............................................................................................36
Table 2.8 Circuit Breakers.....................................................................................................38
Table 2.9 Information on worksites in LECO.......................................41