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Cellulose, Microcrystalline
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 17 Related Substances

Table III: Properties of selected commercially available grades of microcrystalline cellulose. Grade Nominal mean Particle size analysis Moisture particle size (mm) content (%) Mesh Amount size retained (%) 50 100 50 20 100 50 180 50 100 75 60 200 60 200 60 200 400 60 60 200 60 100 60 200 60 200 60 200 60 200 60 200 60 200 60 200 60 200 38 94 41.0 430.0 48.0 545.0 41.0 430.0 41.0 48.0 41.0 430.0 510.0 550.0 41.0 430.0 48.0 545.0 41.0 530.0 40.5 430.0 40.25 430.0 48.0 545.0 41.0 430.0 48.0 545.0 41.0 450.0 45.0 45.0 43.0 45.0 41.5 41.5 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 46.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0

Avicel PH-101(a) Avicel PH-102(a) Avicel PH-103


(a)

Microcrystalline cellulose and carrageenan; microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium; microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum; powdered cellulose; silicified microcrystalline cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose and carrageenan Synonyms: Lustre Clear. Comments: Lustre Clear (FMC Biopolymer) is an aqueous film coating combining microcrystalline cellulose and carrageenan. Microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium Synonyms: Avicel CL-611; Avicel RC-581; Avicel RC-591; colloidal cellulose; dispersible cellulose. Appearance: white, odorless and tasteless, hygroscopic powder. Acidity/alkalinity: pH = 68 for a 1.2% w/v aqueous dispersion. Moisture content: not more than 6.0% w/w. Particle size distribution: Avicel CL-611: 40.1% retained on a #60 mesh and 450% retained on a #325 mesh; Avicel RC-581: 40.1% retained on a #60 mesh and 435% retained on a #200 mesh; Avicel RC-591: 40.1% retained on a #60 mesh and 445% retained on a #325 mesh. Solubility: practically insoluble in dilute acids and organic solvents. Partially soluble in dilute alkali and water (carboxymethylcellulose sodium fraction). Viscosity (dynamic): 520 mPa s (520 cP) for a 1.2% w/v aqueous dispersion of Avicel CL-611; 72168 mPa s (72168 cP) for Avicel RC-581 at the same concentration; 3991 mPa s (3991 cP) for Avicel RC-591 at the same concentration. Comments: mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium that are dispersible in water and produce thixotropic gels are suitable as suspending vehicles in pharmaceutical formulations. The amount of carboxymethylcellulose present can vary between 8.3% and 18.8% w/w depending upon the grade of material. Microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum Synonyms: Avicel CE-15. Comments: Avicel CE-15 (FMC Biopolymer) is a coprocessed mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum used in chewable tablet formulations. 18 Comments

Avicel PH-105(a) Avicel PH-112(a) Avicel PH-113(a) Avicel PH-200


(a)

Avicel PH-301(a) Avicel PH-302(a) Celex 101(b)

Ceolus KG-802(c) 50 Emcocel 50M(d) Emcocel 90M(d) Vivapur 101(d) Vivapur 102(d) Vivapur 12(d)
Suppliers:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

50 91 50 90 160

FMC Biopolymer International Specialty Products Asahi Kasei Corporation J Rettenmaier & Sohne GmbH

Deliberate abuse of formulations containing cellulose, either by inhalation or by injection, has resulted in the formation of cellulose granulomas.(12) 15 Handling Precautions

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Microcrystalline cellulose may be irritant to the eyes. Gloves, eye protection, and a dust mask are recommended. In the UK, the occupational exposure limits for cellulose have been set at 10 mg/m3 long-term (8-hour TWA) for total inhalable dust and 4 mg/m3 for respirable dust; the short-term limit for total inhalable dust has been set at 20 mg/m3.(13) 16 Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations; oral capsules, powders, suspensions, syrups, and tablets; topical and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral

Several different grades of microcrystalline cellulose are commercially available that differ in their method of manufacture,(14,15) particle size, moisture, flow, and other physical properties.(1628) The larger-particle-size grades generally provide better flow properties in pharmaceutical machinery. Lowmoisture grades are used with moisture-sensitive materials. Higher-density grades have improved flowability. Several coprocessed mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose with other excipients such as carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and guar gum are commercially available; see Section 17.

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