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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 3 2. Step towards Smart Grid The Intelligent Electrical System................. 3 3. What is an Intelligent Electrical System?................................................4 4. Components of Intelligent Electrical System..........................................5
4.1 Self Healing Network .....................................................................................................................5 4.2 Dynamic Network Model............................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Business Integration Framework ...................................................................................................6
5. How does technology fit in?.................................................................. 7 6. Benefits ................................................................................................. 8 7. Approach ...............................................................................................9 8. Conclusion........ .....................................................................................9 9. Appendix..............................................................................................10
9.1 References............. ..................................................................................................................... 10 9.2 About the Author.........................................................................................................................10
This whitepaper presents the thoughts for transforming as-built electrical connectivity data into an intelligent electrical system for smart-grid-compliant operational systems. Intelligent Electrical System being proposed is an IT-enabled, information-led, electrical network that provides more reasons and opportunities for better operational efficiency. It establishes and continually verifies electrical connectivity between primary devices to meters by improvising the AMI devices. This new system enables self diagnosis and establishes the voyage towards self healing network. The system architecture being proposed further empowers utilities in optimizing resource utilization and enhanced customer satisfaction by integrating geospatial and grid semantic data with the system components like Outage Management System, Load Management etc. The discussion will address various components, technologies and principles for the working models. It will also address the benefits and challenges of establishing such amodel to operate in a run time environment.
Introduction
Transmission and distribution systems across most parts of the sphere are still operating on network designs and control philosophies that are decades old. The electric networks are steadfastly approaching their limits and facing acute concerns as far as reliability, scalability, quality and security is concerned. No economy, howsoever developed, can sustain its competitiveness and voyage in the growth path without the reliable, secure and digital-quality electric power. In their efforts to approach this desired state of network operations, utilities are keeping tab on a bigger concept, i.e., Smart Grid. Smart Grid concept is creating lot of interest among the stakeholders and the efforts are continuously being made towards preparing the roadmap to achieve it. Unfortunately, when it comes to Smart Grid roadmap, one size doesnt fit all! Each utility has to devise its own roadmap and identify milestones towards achieving Smart Grid.
Smart grid has been recognized as a way of addressing energy independence or global warming issues and therefore, it is being promoted by many governments. The then President-elect; now President Barack Obama asked the US Congress "to act without delay" to pass legislation that included doubling alternative energy production in the next three years and building a new electricity "smart grid".
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Intelligent Electrical System is an approach in the similar direction. This system would be a pre-cursor for the utilities, enabling them to implement currently available and more matured solutions that will put the utilities in the path to achieve comprehensive Smart Grid, going forward. The benefit will be that utilities can right away embark on the journey towards reliable production and delivery of energy to customers through real-time, automated control systems. Table below provides a comparison of the benefits of implementing Intelligent Electrical System vis-a-vis Smart Grid. Table 1: Comparison of the benefits of implementing Intelligent Electrical System vis-a-vis Smart Grid.
Characteristics Self Heal Facilitate Customer Participation Optimize Asset Utilization Distributed Generation Resources Demand Response & Demand Side Management Resists Attack Digital Quality Power
Smart Grid
Partial Enablement
grid with series of intelligent devices that can perform self diagnosis and report troubles to the control centre. connectivity model and continuously verify electrical connectivity between primary devices to meters, by integration framework to leverage and connect systems for load management, outage management and energy
management. It establishes an electrically connected network right from the transmission station to the metering point in the customers premise and is a practical sub-set of the integrated concepts of Smart Grid, using comprehensive GIS and AMI/MDM systems.
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Furthermore, once established, the connectivity model continuously gets feeds during normal operations of the network and especially during catastrophic outages such as a storm. Utilities need to transform static, as-built GIS data into dynamic network model. The system should provide outage analysis on geographic landscape and should be able to support applications like real time network analysis and remote switching.
The connectivity models along with smart monitoring devices also help significantly enhance utilitys ability to identify and rectify outages. The capabilities can be used to verify exact location and extent of outages as well as optimized mobilization of mobile field force to assist in power restoration. In case of catastrophic outages, utility can assess which customer segments are rectified and which are not, and improve customer awareness by publishing appropriate data for viewing.
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Interconnectivity would support communication enablement with the devices and applications, at both ends of the energy supply chain. It would facilitate utilities to adopt remotely drive demand side management, demand response and onnection/disconnection of services. Utilities should adopt Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and other standard technologies for open integration while building the integration platform. This would help in easy integration of existing enterprise applications as well as future enhancements and third-party applications.
Host of telecommunication technologies (For Example, Internet2, Ethernet over fiber, BPL, 4G WiMax, CDMA, GSM, iDEN, 3G Wireless Voice & Data, WiFi-Wireless, ZigBee, Zensys, WiMedia) are available in market for enterprise backbone, Wide Area Networks (WAN) and Home Area Networks (HAN). Selection of a particular technology and/or combination of those is dependent on the current application landscape as well as the geography over which a utilitys customers are spread.
Benefits
Utilities will experience significant improvement in system reliability, asset utilization and customer satisfaction. The information network will bring together the necessary bytes from diverse sources, needed to manage distribution network, while maintaining reliability and quality of supply. The power of intelligence, unleashed by exploiting integrated information, will help utilities to:
? a fully inter-connected single, contiguous model of transmission, distribution and substation assets that enhances Establish
Minutes Lost).
? Support conflict resolution, design alternatives and managing right-of-way. ? integration framework for Intelligent Circuit and Outage Management systems. Establish ? Achieve Service-Oriented integration of services and applications needed to flexibly support utility processes. ?demand side management and facilitates customer participation. Improve ?asset utilization by deploying condition monitoring of critical parameters, condition based maintenance and Improve
utilization.
? Achieve the pre-requisite for establishing a comprehensive Smart Grid ecosystem by marching towards operations
excellence, environment friendliness, and reliability & quality of supply. 8 | www.wipro.com/industryresearch WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES
Approach
The utility should examine the maturity of its electrical network, presence of smart devices (meters, network monitors etc.) and identify opportunities to establish an intelligent electrical system. Approach should also aim towards identifying already present suggested components and the possibility to effectively integrate information silos that might be present. The three essential steps in achieving an intelligent electrical system are::
Conclusion
The intelligent electrical system provides thee utilities real-time information of thee network and the energy supply. It provides opportunity to identify exact fault location and more organised restoration activity. It enables the customer with most updated information and facilitates their participation in energy utilisation.
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Appendix
References
Books
[2008]. The Smart Grid: An Introduction, U.S. Department of Energy.
Journals
? Ipakchi, Implementing the Smart Grid: Enterprise Information Integration [2007]. Ali ? [2008]. Eric Lightner, U.S. Department of Energy Evolution and Progress of Smart Grid Development at the Department of
Energy
? Miller, EEI Annual Convention. The Smart Grid Benefits and Challenges [2008]. Joe
Site References
? [2008]. Stephen Hadden, Shannon Messer. A Useful Thing Happened on the Way to the Smart Grid: the Agile Grid Web site:
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