Substation Automation System Value Additions in Condition Monitoring

This paper discusses the value additions made by automation system in the area of condition monitoring of CVT, imbalance bay/feeder currents which shows the intactness of primary circuit and monitoring of measuring system. CVT Condition Monitoring One of the best methods of monitoring the healthiness of CVT is by monitoring drift between phase secondary voltages. As per POWERGRID O&M guidelines, drift between CVT secondary Ph-E voltages should not be more than 2V. Accordingly, there was schedule of monitoring the same quarterly. Now a days, numerical relays/BCUs have facility of logics to be implemented on real time conditions. This opportunity has been grabbed and logics implemented at Kalivanthapattu SS as a sample basis. The concept considered to implement this monitoring is as follows: Only one core per CVT is considered for monitoring of secondary, preferably metering core due to higher accuracy. Hence logics are written onto respective BCU (metering core always connected to BCU) that was supplied along with SAS. The stations, where BCUs are not available (ie., stations without SAS) logics can be built in numerical relays ie., on protection core of CVT and annunciation may be wired to RTU through a binary output of numerical relay. Logics for feeder CVTs, are implemented in main bay BCUs and for Bus CVTs, it is implemented in BCUs supplied for measuring Bus CVTs. Logics for Bus CVT become difficult for the station without SAS. For such stations, alternatives may be explored for the availability of spare analog channels in any numerical relay available in the station. The logic implemented in the BCU has been shown in Fig.1.
R-N VOLT I/P Abs 1 2 Sub Y Abs SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Y-N VOLT I/P

Abs

1 2

Sub Y

Abs

SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Alarm to HMI or BO of the relay

B-N VOLT I/P

Abs

1 2

Sub Y

Abs

SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Fig.1 Logic for measuring CVT Secondary Drift. Equivalent threshold value of 2V can be set in Set Upper Limit gate (This gate is available in Siemens supplied IEDs equivalent gate available may be used incase of other suppliers).

The logics were implemented at Kalivanthapattu SS for all the CVT metering cores and tested successfully at HMI and Remote HMI alarm for the set drift limits. Unlike knowing the drift in monthly or quarterly measurement, the drift violation is known instantaneously at HMI and Remote HMI. This will help in preventing sudden failure/blasting of CVTs and hence reducing line outage due to such unwarranted occurrences. This information speeds up taking decisions for the replacement of faulty CVTs and hence the replacement. Current Imbalance Monitoring Current in EHV circuit is generally balanced one with small variation. Imbalance in primary circuit may happen due to the following reasons Mis alignment of isolators Loosely connected jumpers and terminal connectors of primary circuit. of terminal of primary

Why Current Monitoring

Imbalance

When imbalance current due to the aforementioned reasons left unnoticed for a longer durations, it may cause disastrous consequences particularly, when one of the parallel paths, is under shutdown. Further, with this remote operation/SCADA concepts, unlike manual recording, analog data is being logged into soft records automatically. Due to lesser manual intervention, there is high chance for unnoticing of such incidences for longer durations. These conditions cause the need of monitoring current imbalance in the bays/elements of switchyard, particularly in remote stations. Concept Logic concept is same as used in CVT secondary drift measurement. Metering core (230kV side) of the CTs preferred wherever feasible due to more accuracy. The concept at Kalivanthapattu Substation uses, Bay current imbalance for 400kV ICT main & tie bays and all 230kv bays. Logics for 400kV side, are written on to Differential relay as 400kV ICT main & tie bay CT inputs are fed separately to the relay. Logics for both bays are implemented in the same relay.

Carbonization
connectors circuit.

For all 230kV bays, respective bay CT is used for writing logics. And events from respective IEDs are routed to HMI.
I-R PH I/P Abs 1 2 Sub Y Abs SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Unhealthy CT secondary circuit

Unhealthy CVT secondary

I-Y PH I/P

Abs

1 2

Sub Y

Abs

SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Alarm to HMI or BO of the relay

circuit including Fuse failure and non switching over CVT circuits during Bus-shut downs.

I-B PH I/P

Abs

1 2

Sub Y

Abs

SET UP I/P LIMIT LIMIT Y

Fig.2 Logic for Current Imbalance.

measuring

Faulty Measurement Units

or errors in configuration Incidentally, there is no supervision/monitoring system available for such occurrences unless it is detected by the manual intervention or else during SEM data uploading etc., Concept The real time MW of incoming and outgoing feeders are routed to logics and compared for more than 3% error. Incase difference between in and out MWs becomes more than 3%, corresponding event will be sent to HMI and RHMI also. Two ways of MW balance modes are being implemented at Kalivanthapattu SS. MW balance of incoming and outgoing feeders MW balance of HV and IV circuits of ICTs

Fig.2 shows typical logics implemented in IEDs. Equivalent threshold value can be set based on the experience of the feeder past history. Generally this value ranges from 4% 8% of the rated current ie., 40 to 80A for a 1000/1A CT. As discussed earlier, this is most important parameter to be monitored especially for remote operated stations. The event of imbalance current for the said bays/elements has been routed to local HMI at Kalivanthapattu SS and remote HMI at Sriperumbudur SS. Measurement Monitoring System MW Balance Measurement For a substation MW of incoming and outgoing feeders are balanced. MW derived from in elements and out elements can be verified for the balance condition. Imbalance condition may arise due to following reasons.

With this entire measurement system comes under monitoring. The logic implementation is done using different available

gates similar to CVT drift measurement and Current imbalance measurement. As analog values are derived from different IEDs, logic has to be written in station level devices ie., at gateway/PAS. SICAM PAS is a powerful tool that is supplied by M/s. Siemens at Kalivanthapattu to read all the station data from all IEDs and switches and sending them to HMI/RHMI/RLDC. Logics can also be written at station level ie., at SICAM-PAS. All analog values are available at PAS, which can be tagged to logics and logic output to be sent to HMI as alarm. Solutions for day to day problems can be easily arrived at automated substations. This proves cost effectiveness of automated substation in O&M era and thus it always adds value to the existing system without costing much.