Professional Documents
Culture Documents
91-104, 2012
Available online at http://www.cjasr.com
ISSN: 2251-9114, 2012 CJASR
Faculty Member, Department of Management, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
Assistant Prof. and Chairman, Department of Management, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran,
P.O.B: 35145-175,
*Corresponding Author: Phone: +98912231 6247; E-mail: y.vakil@semnaniau.ac.ir
This study considers the nature and appropriation of export target markets for Iranian industries. Foreign
markets increasingly have become more viable economically in the past two decades. Therefore, it's important to
identify the key factors influencing the export marketing performance of Export Target Markets (ETMs). The
paper builds on the contributions of previous research in the areas of industrial park organization and export
success and industries in the export development process. The integrated assessment are influenced by such
shaping as; Geographical distance, Population, Real growth rate (GDP), Population growth rate, Gini index,
Imports and Investment of GDP. The target markets are selected as the case of this study according to the
industrial products from other countries to Khorasan province for the five years period. The numerical
taxonomy analysis of this paper could be used for ranking and analysis of the target markets. The empirical data
comprises the longitudinal survey of the industries of the Khorasan province. Also, the paper provides four
critical groups to select the best alternatives of importing countries for industries as models for the province in
Iran.
Key words: Export, Target Market, Industry, Priority, Iran
1. INTRODUCTION
What factors determine an industrial export
success? Scholarly research on this question has
tended to focus primarily on two factors. Past
efforts have examined the influence of decisionmaker characteristics on the export behavior of the
firm and its performance (Axinn, 1988; Reid,
1983; Simpson and Kujawa, 1974; Mayer and
Flynn, 1973). Studies have also examined firmspecific characteristics that influence a firm's
international behavior (Julian, 2003; Cavusgil and
Zou, 1994; aaby and Statev, 1989). Some studies
concentrate on categorization and assessment of
variable factors effects on export performance and
proposed models are defined as dependent
variables without considering export performance
criteria (Madsen, 1984; Chelty and Hamilton,
1993; Zou and Stam (1998). A number of
empirical studies, however, have been carried out
on the subject of export or the internationalization
of target markets1. These studies have revealed that
both external and internal factors have influenced
91
92
a 8: Gini
by
value of
therefore
indicator for
DMU and
(m=1,,8).
Furthermore , suppose
.
is the standardized matrix of X=( x1..x8)
's defined as the value of
with
standardized indicator for ith DMU and
therefore
. PCA is
performed to identify new independent variables
or principal components (defined as
for
j=1..8) , which
are respectively different
linear combination of
As mentioned, this is achieved by identifying
Eignestructure of the original data. The principal
components are defined by a k 8matrix
Y=(y1y8)k8 composed by
's are
shown by (Minhas & Jacobs , 1996 Nagai &
Cheng , 1997):
.
.
.
.
Where
for the
is the coefficient of
+
For obtaining the
variable
vectors (
's are
and PCA
and consequently p
In which,
S= (
=
(X-
93
R=
.S.
where
diagonal
for j=18.
matrixes X=
characteristic
vectors
(eigenvectors)
(m=18).
(
Those characteristic vectors compose the principal
components Yi. the components in eigenvectors
are respectively the coefficients in each
corresponding Yi:
Ym=
DMUs
and
of
indicator respectively.
Step3: The distance of every two DMUs for
each indicator is computed.
This is done to homogenize the DMUs. For
example for DMUs a and
is given by
b,
/8
j=1.8
=
D==
i=1.k
2.4. Numerical Taxonomy
as L1= +2
and L2= -2
where and
are the mean and standard deviation of vector d
respectively. If all dis are within L1 and L2,
homogeneity is achieved and we go to next
step. Otherwise, cluster analysis is performed until
all DMUs are homogenous.
and
And
of
=
Where
where
and
is the value of
' s respectively.
and
+2
94
No.
Indicator
A1
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
0.846
70.3
532
3.7
7.035
17.3
36.5
Country
Azerbaijan
8372373
South Africa
49004031
-0.38
65.8
7285
77.04
19.9
65
3
4
5
Albania
Germany
Austria
2994667
81471834
8217280
0.267
-0.208
0.034
68.1
66.1
67.7
2816
3518
3187
3.1
3.6
2
4.59
1337
156
27.7
18
21
26.6
27
26
Ethiopia
90873739
3.194
51
3230
7.517
25.2
30
Jordan
6508271
0.984
59.9
1499
3.2
12.97
30.1
39.7
8
9
America
Uzbekistan
2967975
28128600
0.063
0.94
72.4
68.8
785
1658
4.7
8.2
2.988
9.44
33.3
37
36.8
10
Spain
46754784
0.574
67.7
4293
-0.2
324.6
22.9
32
11
Australia
21766711
1.148
67.7
12799
3.3
200.4
27.4
30.5
12
Afghanistan
29835392
2.375
55.3
1614
8.9
5.3
13
Algeria
34994937
1.173
70.6
4295
4.2
37.07
27.5
35.3
14
15
U. A. Emirates
Indonesia
5148664
2.46E+08
3.282
1.069
78.7
65.5
1223
7396
2.6
6
159
111.1
26.8
32.5
37
16
62698362
557
66.2
4408
1.6
546.5
14.4
34
17
18
19
Ukraine
U.S
Italy
45134707
3.13E+08
61016804
-0.622
0.963
0.42
70.8
66.8
65.9
2101
9872
3415
4.3
2.7
1.1
53.54
1903
459.7
16.1
12.8
19.1
31
45
32
20
Bahrain
1214704
2.814
77
1062
3.9
12.14
26.6
21
22
Brazil
Belgium
2.03E+08
10431477
1.134
0.071
67
66.1
11862
4094
7.5
2.1
187.7
281.7
18.5
20.8
56.7
28
23
Bulgaria
7093635
-0.781
67.9
2538
0.3
22.78
22.8
33.5
24
25
Pakistan
Portugal
1.87E+08
10760305
1.573
0.212
60
65.8
1917
5287
2.7
1
32.71
68.22
15
19
30.6
38.5
26
Tajikistan
7627200
1.846
62.7
1571
5.5
3.301
20.9
32.6
27
Taiwan
23071779
0.193
73.4
6705
10.5
251.4
21.8
32.6
95
Turkmenistan
Turkey
4997503
78785548
1.137
1.235
68.4
67.1
662
1700
11
7.3
4.888
166.3
12.4
18
40.8
41
30
Thailand
31
32
33
Ukraine
Tunisia
Syria
66720153
0.566
70.9
5445
7.6
156.9
24.9
43
45134707
10629186
22517750
-0.622
0.978
0.913
70.8
69.3
61
2169
3687
1413
4.3
3.4
4
53.54
20.02
13.57
16.1
26.1
16.6
31
40
34
Libya
6597690
2.064
62.7
3515
3.3
24.47
13.2
35
South Korea
48754657
0.23
72.9
6564
6.1
417.9
28.7
31.4
36
37
Tanzania
China
47746620
1.34E+09
2.002
0.493
55.1
73.6
4884
6380
6.4
10.3
6.33
1307
17.4
41.5
34.6
47.8
38
39
40
Denmark
Zimbabwe
Japan
5529888
12084304
1.26E+08
0.251
4.31
-0.278
65.3
54.3
64
3679
6308
7671
1
5.9
3
90.83
4.043
636.8
17.5
21
20.3
29
50.1
37.6
41
42
Ivory Coast
Singapore
21504162
4740737
2.078
0.817
57.2
77
6590
3.6
14.7
7.015
310.1
9.7
27.2
44.6
47.8
43
Senegal
12643799
2.557
53.9
7182
3.9
4.47
25.9
41.3
44
45
Swedish
Switzerland
9088728
7639961
0.163
0.21
64.8
67.8
3570
3754
4.1
2.7
158.6
226.3
18.1
19.9
23
33.7
46
47
Chile
Iraq
16888760
30399572
0.836
2.399
68.1
58.9
14791
712
5.3
5.5
54.23
42.56
23.5
52.4
48
Saudi Arabia
26131703
1.536
67.6
1693
3.8
99.17
24.5
49
50
Oman
Ghana
3027959
24791073
2.023
1.822
65.7
60
1512
6313
3.6
4.7
19.3
10.18
26.3
39.8
39.4
51
52
Russia
France
1.39E+08
65312249
-0.47
0.5
71.8
64.7
1461
4223
3.8
1.6
237.3
577.7
18.9
19.9
42.2
32.7
53
Filipina
5259250
0.075
66.1
3316
3.2
69.11
18.7
26.8
54
55
Finland
Cyprus
1.02E+08
1120489
1.903
1.617
61.1
73.4
7237
1643
7.3
0.6
59.9
7.962
16
19.7
45.8
29
56
Kyrgyzstan
5587443
1.427
65.4
2148
-3.5
3.075
26.4
30.3
57
Kazakhstan
15522373
0.4
71
2341
30.11
24.7
26.7
58
Qatar
848016
0.81
76.7
1164
19.4
23.38
33
59
60
Kenya
Canada
41070934
34030589
2.462
0.794
55.1
68.5
4374
9908
4
3
10.4
406.4
21.3
22.1
96
42.5
32.1
61
Croatia
4483804
-0.76
68.1
3170
-1.4
20.93
22.4
29
62
63
64
Congo
Kuwait
Georgia
71712867
2595628
4585874
2.614
1.986
-0.326
53
72.2
68.3
5821
784
882
6
3.2
5.5
5.3
20.36
8.828
41.5
13.8
14.5
40.8
65
Lebanon
4143101
0.244
68
1477
7.2
17.97
30.8
66
Luxembourg
503302
1.145
66.9
3952
3.2
23.67
16.8
26
67
68
Poland
Malta
38441588
408333
-0.062
0.375
77.6
68.5
3020
3322
3.8
3.7
167.4
5.159
19.5
8.8
34.9
26
69
70
71
Malaysia
Moroccan
Uganda
28728607
31968361
34612250
1.576
1.067
3.579
64.4
66.1
48.7
6290
5339
4385
7.2
4.2
5.8
174.3
34.19
4.474
20.1
30.2
20.9
44.1
40.9
45.7
72
73
Norway
Niger
4691849
1.56E+08
0.326
1.935
66
55.9
3962
5895
1.5
6.8
74.2
34.18
18.6
11.6
25
43.7
74
75
Nigeria
New zealand
4290374
16847007
0.822
0.371
66.4
67.4
15004
4076
2.1
1.7
30.24
408.4
19.6
18
36.2
30.9
76
Netherland
1.19E+09
1.344
64.9
2542
8.3
327
32
36.8
77
78
India
Hong Kong
7122508
24133492
0.448
2.647
74.8
54.4
6179
2621
6.7
5.2
431.4
8.35
21.4
19.4
53.3
37.7
79
Yemen
10760136
0.083
66.2
2479
-4.8
44.9
14.8
33
80
81
Hungary
Egypt
9979062
82079636
-0.17
1.96
68.2
62.8
2957
1992
0.8
5.3
87.44
46.52
19.4
18.4
24.7
34.4
82
_
Ireland
Total
4670976
5.71E+09
1.061
639.687
67.3
5411.5
4831
339951
-1.6
358.8
70.36
13580.165
16.5
1715.7
29.3
2542.9
Mean
69584919
7.80106
65.99390244
4196.926
4.37560976
165.611768
21.7177
36.32714
_
_
Variation
S.D
3.89E+16
1.97E+08
3724.809
61.03122
38.75618233
6.225446356
9289984
3047.947
12.1118441
3.48020749
94193.2615
306.909207
43.9875
6.6323
67.68626
8.227166
97
A2
1
2
-1.202424
1.0131651
-0.3104127
-0.104367
3
4
-0.453067
-0.222749
5
6
7
A5
A6
A7
A8
0.691692983
-0.031146753
-0.113959068
-0.134047147
-0.19412916
-0.395266593
-0.516689511
-0.288592737
0.0210105
3.4851438
-0.666090942
-0.274070657
-0.3376834
0.0602793
0.338304668
0.017042563
-0.123446015
-0.131228917
-0.366532674
-0.222863079
-0.524656037
3.816725611
-1.18232
-1.1337006
0.901990198
-0.560547019
-0.331346
-0.317238
-0.885162
-0.3111992
0.10795695
-0.3198657
0.274052247
-2.408486329
-0.978869962
-0.127263733
-0.075486955
-0.11169793
-0.682605783
0.754090167
-0.337798755
-0.031317954
-0.515119014
-0.497351545
-1.2552491
-0.7690549
0.4099658
-0.108215921
0.525047616
1.263855076
8
9
10
-1.119418
-0.832995
0.0315209
-0.3378187
-0.2102276
-0.1157731
1.029018193
0.450746404
0.274052247
-0.126788567
-0.112418872
-0.118415803
0.09321003
1.098897195
-1.314752001
-0.529875821
-0.508853317
0.518030179
0.0817848
0.0574751
-0.5259579
1.746341581
-3.274533607
0.178260441
11
12
13
2.8222514
-0.847431
0.0321771
-0.2424891
-0.2015724
-0.175408
0.274052247
-1.717772803
0.739882299
-0.10901078
-0.088906316
-0.108601154
-0.309064836
1.300034628
-0.050459565
0.113350238
-0.522342649
-0.418826693
-0.7082807
-4.415511
-0.1248477
0.856757088
-3.274533607
0.871834791
14
15
16
-0.975714
1.0495831
0.0692512
-0.3267603
0.89264972
-0.0349222
2.040993823
-0.079336069
0.033105668
-0.07404507
-0.1103052
8.998655683
-0.510202269
0.466750977
-0.797541459
-0.021543076
-0.177615291
1.241045308
-4.415511
0.0817848
-0.2828608
0.766290868
1.625719955
-1.103344336
17
18
19
-0.687652
1.861933
-0.256542
-0.1239886
1.23554994
-0.0434495
0.772008509
0.1294843
-0.015083648
-0.138012331
-0.112042016
-0.120939102
-0.021725646
-0.48146835
-0.941211054
-0.365162614
5.660919224
0.95822551
-0.6475064
1.0541731
-0.5259579
-0.847023381
-1.344587589
-0.394692283
20
21
22
-1.028537
2.5148314
-0.033769
-0.3467097
0.6787357
-0.2999708
1.767921034
0.16161051
0.017042563
-0.081713276
-0.109240171
-0.126657486
-0.136661322
0.897759762
-0.653871864
-0.500055927
0.071969922
0.378249427
-4.415511
2.476291
-1.012152
0.736135462
-0.485158503
-0.138371327
23
-0.544276
-0.3168972
0.306178457
-0.140617555
-1.171082406
-0.465387694
-0.3436351
0.163182738
24
-0.74802
0.59715724
-0.962806857
-0.102047131
-0.48146835
-0.433032849
-0.6961258
-1.012878117
25
0.357642
-0.2983033
-0.031146753
-0.124347193
-0.969944973
-0.317330878
0.2641076
-0.409769986
26
-0.861539
-0.3141915
-0.529103015
-0.097574011
0.323081382
-0.528855976
-0.4530288
-0.123293624
27
28
0.8228731
-1.159773
-0.2358711
-0.3275269
1.189649246
0.386493983
-0.124658509
-0.109191016
1.759777332
1.903446927
0.279523161
-0.523685065
-0.4530288
0.5436692
0.012405705
-1.404898402
29
-0.819216
0.04665697
0.177673615
-0.107585281
0.840291924
0.00224246
0.5679789
-0.560547019
Row
A1
A3
98
96
30
0.4094802
-0.0145274
0.788071615
-0.118546883
0.926493681
-0.02838549
0.811076
0.479814506
31
-0.665342
-0.1239886
0.772008509
-0.138012331
-0.021725646
-0.365162614
-0.6475064
-0.847023381
32
-0.167301
-0.2989682
0.531061931
-0.11179624
-0.280330917
-0.474380582
0.4464304
0.660746946
33
34
-0.913377
-0.223733
-0.2386806
-0.3194122
-0.802175804
-0.529103015
-0.112861269
-0.094002069
-0.107927403
-0.309064836
-0.495396569
-0.45988118
-4.415511
-4.415511
-0.771634865
-1.284276776
35
0.7766125
-0.1056316
1.109333719
-0.124052262
0.495484896
0.822028879
-0.598887
1.052767231
36
37
0.2254219
0.716244
-0.1107434
6.42571184
-1.749899014
1.221775456
-0.095017942
-0.119742992
0.581686653
1.702309494
-0.518986607
3.718976833
-0.2099317
1.394509
-0.651013238
2.982713249
38
-0.169926
-0.3248271
-0.111462279
-0.123708176
-0.969944973
-0.243660882
-0.8906035
-0.635935535
39
0.6926215
-0.2915892
-1.878403856
-0.057201232
0.438017058
-0.526438323
1.6740706
-0.108215921
40
41
42
43
44
45
1.1398077
-1.376968
0.7851428
0.9793719
-0.205688
-0.145319
0.28849656
-0.2438206
-0.3288289
-0.288752
-0.30678
-0.3141268
-0.320282647
-1.412573804
1.767921034
-1.942656277
-0.191777805
0.290115352
-0.132375871
-0.093772678
-0.114434234
-0.085924236
-0.125150061
-0.124379964
-0.395266593
-0.222863079
2.96660193
-0.136661322
-0.079193484
-0.48146835
1.53526913
-0.516754677
0.470784937
-0.525047032
-0.022846393
0.197740016
0.1547139
1.0055537
1.394509
0.6044435
-1.6198947
-0.3193254
-0.213759844
-1.81199639
0.826601682
0.630591539
-0.545469316
-0.274070657
46
47
48
3.475806
-1.143368
-0.821512
-0.2672255
-0.1987114
-0.220354
0.338304668
-1.139501015
0.257989142
-0.114122918
-0.088513075
-0.102653378
0.265613544
0.323081382
-0.165395241
-0.362914392
-0.400938666
-0.216486722
1.9536322
-4.415511
-4.415511
0.268726661
-3.274533607
0.419503693
49
-0.880896
-0.3375145
-0.047209858
-0.094673856
-0.222863079
-0.476726552
-4.415511
0.690902352
50
0.694262
-0.2271524
-0.962806857
-0.097967252
0.09321003
-0.506442181
0.3735013
2.726392293
51
-0.897629
0.35068923
0.932639562
-0.135521802
-0.165395241
0.233581235
0.7138372
-0.424847689
52
0.0085546
-0.021667
-0.207840911
-0.119628297
-0.797541459
1.342704037
-0.4408739
-0.274070657
53
54
-0.289023
0.9974168
-0.3261995
0.16353681
0.017042563
-0.786112699
-0.126591946
-0.096640063
-0.337798755
0.840291924
-0.314430998
-0.344439873
-1.1580103
1.1514119
-0.455003096
-0.862101084
55
-0.837917
-0.3471874
1.189649246
-0.101326189
-1.084880649
-0.513669074
-0.8906035
-0.304226063
-0.672231
-0.60891
-0.995072
0.0580962
1.8737443
-0.336924
0.5328419
-0.3245352
-0.2741546
-0.3485692
-0.1445962
-0.1802982
-0.3301319
0.01079096
-0.095399174
0.80413472
1.719731719
-1.749899014
0.402557089
0.338304668
-2.087224224
-0.10443935
-0.121266803
-0.11454893
-0.087480816
-0.11481109
-0.140273468
-0.084990288
-2.262971328
0.754090167
4.317096124
-0.107927403
-0.395266593
-1.659559029
0.466750977
-0.52959235
-0.441504409
-0.463432719
-0.505725357
0.784558514
-0.471415535
-0.522342649
-0.7325904
-1.1701651
-4.415511
0.7503017
-0.513803
-0.8906035
-4.415511
0.705980055
0.4496591
1.701108471
-0.062982811
0.057638815
0.102871925
2.982713249
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
99
97
-1.119746
-1.087593
-0.89238
-0.080358
-0.386137
-0.287054
0.6867159
-0.3397069
-0.3296143
-0.3318596
-0.3503172
-0.1579298
-0.3507988
-0.2071849
0.996891983
0.370430878
0.322241562
0.145547405
1.864299666
0.402557089
-0.256030226
-0.095280103
-0.133162354
-0.123822872
-0.109059936
-0.128836699
-0.121676429
-0.101997976
-0.337798755
0.323081382
0.811558005
-0.337798755
-0.165395241
-0.19412916
0.811558005
-0.473272762
-0.510847393
-0.481060082
-0.462487814
0.005826582
-0.522802068
0.028308801
-4.415511
0.5436692
-4.415511
-1.2552491
-0.1734671
-1.2552491
0.9447794
-1.193810556
-1.088266633
1.369398999
-0.741479458
-0.33438147
-1.947695719
-0.24391525
70
71
72
0.3747027
0.0617052
-0.077077
-0.1907559
-0.1773486
-0.3290769
0.017042563
-2.777937749
0.000979458
-0.11033797
-0.069178708
-0.122479297
-0.050459565
0.409283139
-0.826275378
-0.428210576
-0.525033999
-0.297846288
0.5558241
1.1392571
-1.3767976
1.27893278
-0.123293624
-0.470080799
73
74
75
0.5571205
3.5456891
-0.039675
0.43574455
-0.3311128
-0.2674373
-1.621394172
0.065231879
0.225862931
-0.096115741
-0.114352309
-0.121741969
0.696622329
-0.653871864
-0.76880754
-0.428243158
-0.441080831
0.791075099
0.89616
-0.015454
-0.6596613
-1.525520028
-0.319303767
-0.560547019
76
77
-0.542964
0.650298
5.67719703
-0.3167508
-0.1757147
1.414532719
-0.105799309
-0.12048032
1.127631114
0.66788841
0.525850082
0.866015829
0.0574751
2.0630259
1.550331438
-0.047905108
78
79
-0.517045
-0.563634
-0.2304871
-0.2983042
-1.862340751
0.033105668
-0.084449581
-0.126460866
0.236879625
-2.636512275
-0.512404856
-0.393314262
0.1668688
-0.4044093
-0.349459173
-1.043033523
80
81
82
-0.406807
-0.723413
0.2080331
-0.3022651
0.0633615
-0.3291827
0.354367773
-0.51303991
0.209799826
-0.130606285
-0.095706115
-0.11043628
-1.027412811
0.265613544
-1.717026867
-0.254706494
-0.388035828
-0.310358132
-1.4132622
-0.2342414
-0.8541389
-0.349459173
-0.500236206
-0.786712568
not and the shortest distance matrix is computed and also the values of vector
for each year (see Table 3). By computing the lower and upper limits of 5years average, it is observed that all countries (except, England, India and US)
are in rang of lower and upper limit of di. It maybe reveals that England, India
and U.S for Khorasan industries have absolute-advantage and other target
markets have relative-advantage. The scores of PAC and Numerical
Taxonomy (NT) for the target markets are shown in Table 4. As exhibits in
Table 4, the export target markets for Khorasan industries are divided to 8
levels represented from first to eighth categories. As shown in table 5, the noncompatibility is ranked to the three importing countries, namely England, India
and US.
3. EMPIRICAL RESULT
A factor analysis using the Principle Component Analysis (PAC) with
Numerical Taxonomy was conducted to identify the salient factors influencing
the export target market of Khorasan province. The eight indicators must be
normalized and have order to be used in PAC. All eight indicators have the
same order and from now on are referred to as xj j=1 8. The indicators are
standardized for each year and 5-years average. They are standardized through
predefined mean and standard deviation for each indicator. The standardized
matrix is shown in Table 2. The Eigen values and proportion of the sample
variance of the 8 indicators are presented in Table 3. Also, Compatibility or
100
96
No.
Country
Table 3: Compatibility/Non and Shortest Distance for the 82 Export Target Market
Compatibil
Shortest
No.
ity/Non
Distance
0.9144
30
Country
Compatibil
Shortest
No.
ity/Non
Distance
Thailand
1.3275
59
Country
Compatibil
Shortest
ity/Non
Distance
Kenya
2.9123
Azerbaijan
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
South Africa
Albania
Germany
Austria
Ethiopia
Jordan
America
Uzbekistan
Spain
Australia
Afghanistan
Algeria
U. A. Emirates
Indonesia
England
Ukraine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Non
+
2.4021
1.1785
2.6691
0.5140
1.5365
1.6446
1.5620
2.1223
0.91129
1.4333
1.1795
0.8445
0.6687
1.5211
9.1610
0.0223
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Ukraine
Tunisia
Syria
Libya
South Korea
Tanzania
China
Denmark
Zimbabwe
Japan
Ivory Coast
Singapore
Senegal
Swedish
Switzerland
Chile
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
.0223
.8645
.9282
.9282
1.3881
.9644
.9644
.8449
.5556
1.3949
1.9990
2.4318
1.1875
0.6514
0.8049
1.1791
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Canada
Croatia
Congo
Kuwait
Georgia
Lebanon
Luxembourg
Poland
Malta
Malaysia
Moroccan
Uganda
Norway
Niger
Nigeria
New zealand
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
3.4794
2.10877
6.6536
4.4816
0.9143
5.0071
1.7936
1.5768
2.0481
2.6111
2.6560
3.9452
2.0454
1.2242
0.5556
0.5082
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
U.S
Italy
Bahrain
Brazil
Belgium
Bulgaria
Pakistan
Portugal
Tajikistan
Taiwan
Non
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
3.8222
0.5082
.6687
1.8110
0.6191
0.7652
1.2345
1.1041
0.6123
1.7282
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Oman
Ghana
Russia
France
Filipina
Finland
Cyprus
Kyrgyzstan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1.0260
0.5051
0.5051
1.7941
1.3001
0.5460
0.4175
1.0390
0.7345
1.0286
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
Netherland
India
Hong Kong
Yemen
Hungary
Egypt
Ireland
Total
Mean
Variance
+
Non
+
+
+
+
+
3.8525
1.1420
0.9445
1.6292
0.5140
0.6123
0.7952
103.884
1.26688
1.24222
28
Turkmenistan
1.5556
57
Kazakhstan
1.3087
29
Turkey
1.0302
58
Qatar
1.9576
S.D
3.49597
-0.9622
101
1.11455
Table 4: Taxonomy Ranking of Khorasan Export Target Market for Compatibility Countries
Country
fCi
Rank
Category
Country
fCi
Rank
Category
Country
fCi
Rank
Category
Iraq
0.551052
Nigeria
0.432553
Pakistan
0.458859
29
Kuwait
Greece
Hungary
Afghanistan
Ireland
Syria
Oman
Lebanon
Malta
Egypt
Libya
Croatia
Yemen
Norway
Saudi Arabia
Congo
0.528929
0.515689
0.490504
0.484410
0.546997
0.531969
0.514257
0.511361
0.495115
0.448074
0.525821
0.499521
0.459643
0.484028
0.508548
0.492760
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Bahrain
U. A. Emirates
Morocco
Finland
Cyprus
Malaysia
Kazakhstan
Bulgaria
Denmark
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Swedish
Uzbekistan
Canada
Ukraine
Switzerland
0.507460
0.501267
0.431463
0.479843
0.479043
0.417159
0.459628
0.489039
0.482983
0.482881
0.447726
0.477344
0.485972
0.423274
0.477615
0.458546
9
10
11
12
12
12
14
15
15
15
17
18
19
20
21
21
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
Senegal
Austrian
Albania
Azerbaijan
Zimbabwe
Jordan
Tunisia
Chile
Armenia
Italy
Japan
Singapore
Spain
Turkey
South Korea
China
0.442567
0.476648
0.473779
0.472341
0.433071
0.461272
0.446172
0.412688
0.458780
0.449815
0.414355
0.383847
0.452756
0.430999
0.413351
0.196604
29
30
32
33
33
34
34
35
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Netherland
Luxembourg
Hong Kong
Kyrgyzstan
Georgia
Uganda
New Zealand
Qatar
Poland
0.456168
0.475724
0.403223
0.491021
0.477586
0.449321
0.447475
0.489239
0.453709
5
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
Russia
France
Portugal
Tajikistan
Belgium
Tunisia
Filipina
Turkmenistan
Ghana
0.440786
0.438345
0.466014
0.461945
0.465155
0.453637
0.416885
0.456662
0.428537
24
24
25
25
27
27
27
28
28
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
Taiwan
Ethiopia
Algeria
Australia
South Africa
Germany
Brazil
Indonesia
0.420175
0.449139
0.438158
0.425466
0.438779
0.433209
0.372532
0.386032
46
47
49
56
56
57
60
62
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Table 5: Taxonomy Ranking of Khorasan Export Target Market for Non compatibility Countries
Country
fCi
Rank
Category
England
India
US
0.6298512
0.5856212
0.4828465
1
2
3
102
4. CONCLUSION
The paper presents a unique approach for selection
of target markets and ranking them based on eight
indicators and PCA-NT. In addition, ranking of
target market, taken varied across firms and have
different influences on firm export intensity and
export growth, respectively. Whereas more market
entries and reentries increased both firm export
intensity and firm export growth, continued export
market presence by firms led to greater export
intensity for Khorasan province industries.
Furthermore, these research findings are important
to show in that they imply that firm can use certain
strategic actions to effect and/or modify an
unfavorable target market. However, the result of
such studies would help policy-makers and top
managers have better understanding of their
firms/structure with respect to target market.
Similarly, the structure and approach of this paper
could be applied in other provinces in particular
and other countries in general.
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