2/3/2010

1
Stair Design
By:
Mohammad Soffi bin Md. Noh
Reinforced Concrete Design 2 BFC 3172
3.1 Introduction
Stairways are sloping one-way spanning slabs.
The design of stairs can be assumed as a design of one
way slab and described in Clause 3.10, BS 8110: Part
1:1997.
The loading in staircase is to be calculated vertically on
plan. Generally, the live load for domestic is 1.5 kN/m
2
and offices ranges between 3 to 5 kN/m
2
. The dead and
imposed loads are recommended in BS 6399-1:1996.
The generally accepted definitions of parts of a flight of
stairs are given in figure below.
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
2/3/2010
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Symbol and notation in staircase
3.1 Introduction
For comfort purposes the dimension of part of stair flight are limited
to a certain values which stated in Building Regulation and
Associated Approved Documents: Part H (1985).
Requirements from the Building Regulations are shown in table
below.
or complying the following expression: 550 (2R + G) 700 mm
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
3
3.2 Classification of Staircases
There are two main classifications of staircase related to the design
method:
1. Transverse span staircase
2. Longitudinal span staircase
Transverse span staircase
Transverse span staircases are staircases which spans
perpendicular to the stair flight.
In the design of transverse span staircase, one unit of step is taken
as a beam. Therefore the area of reinforcement is determined like a
beam.
They are further subdivided to the following:
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Cantilever staircase from wall on one side
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
4
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Cross section
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Staircase span between support on both side
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
5
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Cross section
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Cantilever staircase from the middle beam
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
6
3.2.1Transverse span staircase
Cross section
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
It spans parallel to the stair flight which spanning between two
supports at upper and lower of stair flight with no lateral flight
support.
The design of longitudinal staircase is similar to the design of one
way spanning slab.
For the deflection check, clause 3.10.2.2 BS8110: Part 1:1997
specified that for staircase spanning parallel to the stair flight, the
permissible l/d acquired from Table 3.9 BS 8110 may be increased
by 15 % provided the length of stair flight occupies at least 60 % of
the staircase span.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
7
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
The Longitudinal staircase can be subdivided as follows:
Monolithic staircase
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
8
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
For monolithic staircase, the maximum moment can be taken as
FL/10, where F is the total ultimate dead load multiplied by the
modification factor of [(R
2
+G
2
)/G
2
]
1/2
accounting for the slope of the
staircase. Hence,
As for live load, the actual load on plan is applied.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Example 3.1
Figure P3.1 shows a staircase spanning parallel to the stair flight,
and continuous at the supporting beam upper and lower stair flight.
Design the staircase and carry out essential checks. Given the
following data:
f
cu
= 30 N/mm
2
f
y
= 460 N/mm
2
Riser (R) = 175 mm
Going (G) = 250 mm
Tread (T) = 275 mm
Live load = 5.0 kN/m
2
Finishes = 0.5 kN/m
2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
9
Example 3.1
Solution:
a) Determine the depth of the waist by estimating h = w using the
allowable L/d ratio. Assume L/d 30 ( can be increased 15 % )
L/d = 34.5
d = 3350 / 34.5 = 97 mm
Use reinforcement with diameter 12 mm , cover 20 mm
h = 97 + 12/2 + 20 = 123 mm
Try waist, w = 125 mm ,
effective depth, d = 125 12/2 20 = 99 mm
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.1
b) Loading (plan view )
Dead load :
Waist =
Step =
Finishing =
Total Gk =
Total Qk =
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2
2
2 2
/ 66 . 3 24
250
175 250
125 . 0 m kN =
+

2
/ 0 . 5 m kN
2
/ 10 . 2 24
2
175 . 0
m kN =
2
/ 5 . 0 m kN
2
/ 26 . 6 50 . 0 10 . 2 66 . 3 m kN = + +
2/3/2010
10
Example 3.1
Ultimate design load = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
= 1.4 (6.26) + 1.6(5.0) = 16.75 kN/m
2
F = WL = 16.75 x 3.35 = 56.11 kN/m width
Moment =
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
m kNm
FL
/ 80 . 18
10
35 . 3 11 . 56
10
=

=
Example 3.1
c) Main reinforcement
Compression reinforcement not required
Use T12 200 (A
s
prov. = 566 mm
2
/m)
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
156 . 0 064 . 0
99 1000 30
10 8 . 18
. .
2
6
2
< =

= =
d b f
M
k
cu
d d d z 95 . 0 92 . 0
9 . 0
064 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 < =

\
|
+ =
m mm
z f
M
A
y
s
/ 34 . 472
99 92 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 8 . 18
. . 95 . 0
2
6
=

= =
2/3/2010
11
Example 3.1
For secondary reinforcement; Use A
s
min = 0.13% x b x h
Use T8 300 (A
s
prov. = 168 mm
2
/m)
d) Deflection check
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
m mm A
s
/ 5 . 162 125 1000
100
13 . 0
min
2
= =
2
2
6
2
/ 92 . 1
99 1000
10 8 . 18
mm N
bd
M
=

=
2
/ 256
566 3
472 460 2
.
3
2
mm N
prov A
req A f
f
s
s y
s
=

= =
20 . 1
) 92 . 1 9 . 0 ( 120
) 256 477 (
55 . 0 =
+

+ = MFTR
88 . 35 15 . 1 2 . 1 26 = = |

\
|
allow
d
L
) ( 88 . 35 84 . 33
99
3350
ry satisfacto
d
L
actual
< = = |

\
|
Example 3.1
e) Shear check
M
A
= 0
-18.8 + 18.8 + 16.75(3.35)
2
/2 R
B
(3.35) = 0
R
B
= R
A
= 28 kN/m
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
12
Example 3.1
Shear stress,
Shear resistance,
v
c
> v (shear link not required)
f) Cracking check
Maximum allowable spacing = 3d = 3(99) = 297 mm
Actual spacing = 200 12 = 188 mm
Cracking check satisfactory
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2
3
/ 28 . 0
99 1000
10 28
mm N
bd
V
v =

= =
2
3 / 1 4 / 1 3 / 1
/ 79 . 0
25
30
99
400
) 99 ( 1000
) 566 ( 100
25 . 1
79 . 0
mm N v
c
= |

\
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
Example 3.1
g) Detailing
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
13
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Staircase with landing supported by beam or outer edge of wall
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Such staircase has landing that spans in the same direction of the
flight. The staircase is considered as simply supported so that the
moment is taken as FL/8 where F is the total ultimate load as shown
in figure below.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
14
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Example 3.2
Figure P3.2 shows a staircase spanning parallel to the flight with
supporting beams at the end of landing. Design the staircase. Given
the following data:
f
cu
= 30 N/mm
2
f
y
= 460 N/mm
2
Riser (R) = 175 mm
Going (G) = 250 mm
Live load = 5.0 kN/m
2
Finishing = 0.4 kN/m
2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.2
Solution
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
15
Example 3.2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.2
Moment
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
16
Example 3.2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Main reinforcement
Compression reinforcement not required
Use T16 175 (A
s
prov. = 1150 mm
2
/m)
156 . 0 051 . 0
272 1000 30
10 114
. .
2
6
2
< =

= =
d b f
M
k
cu
d d d z 95 . 0 94 . 0
9 . 0
051 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 < =

\
|
+ =
m mm
z f
M
A
y
s
/ 1020
272 94 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 114
. . 95 . 0
2
6
=

= =
Example 3.2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
For secondary reinforcement; Use As min = 0.13% x b x h
Use T10 200 (As prov. = 393 mm
2
/m)
Deflection check
m mm A
s
/ 390 300 1000
100
13 . 0
min
2
= =
2
2
6
2
/ 54 . 1
272 1000
10 114
mm N
bd
M
=

=
2
/ 272
1150 3
1020 460 2
.
3
2
mm N
prov A
req A f
f
s
s y
s
=

= =
25 . 1
) 54 . 1 9 . 0 ( 120
) 272 477 (
55 . 0 =
+

+ = MFTR
25 25 . 1 20 = = |

\
|
allow
d
L
) ( 25 35 . 23
272
6350
ry satisfacto
d
L
actual
< = = |

\
|
2/3/2010
17
Example 3.2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Shear check
Shear stress,
Shear resistance,
vc > v (shear link not required)
Cracking check
Maximum allowable spacing = 3d = 3(272) = 816 mm
Actual spacing = 175 16 = 159 mm
Cracking check satisfactory
2
3
/ 25 . 0
272 1000
10 8 . 67
mm N
bd
V
v =

= =
2
3 / 1 4 / 1 3 / 1
/ 56 . 0
25
30
272
400
) 272 ( 1000
) 1150 ( 100
25 . 1
79 . 0
mm N v
c
= |

\
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
Example 3.2
Detailing
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
18
Exercise 3.1
Figure below shows a staircase spanning parallel to the flight with
continuous at the supporting beam upper and simply supporting
beams at the lower end of landing. Design the staircase. Given the
following data:
f
cu
= 30 N/mm
2
f
y
= 460 N/mm
2
Riser (R) = 170 mm
Going (G) = 250 mm
Live load = 4.0 kN/m
2
Finishing = 0.5 kN/m
2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Staircase and landing built into the wall as specified in Clause
3.10.1.2 BS 8110: Part 1: 1997.
In cases where the staircase and the landing which spans in the
same direction of stair flight and built into the wall at least 110 mm,
the following regulations shall comply:
Tributary width decrease by 150 mm from side of wall.
Effective width of staircase shall be the total of net width of staircase
from the wall plus 2/3 distance of built in, but no more than 80 mm
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
19
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Example 3.3
Referring to Example 3.1, only one side of the staircase is built into
the wall 110 mm. Taking the net width of the staircase is 1.5 m (see
Figure P3.3).
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.3
Solution
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
156 . 0 055 . 0
99 1573 30
10 5 . 25
. .
2
6
2
< =

= =
d b f
M
k
cu
d d d z 95 . 0 93 . 0
9 . 0
055 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 < =

\
|
+ =
2
6
634
99 93 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 5 . 25
. . 95 . 0
mm
z f
M
A
y
s
=

= =
Provide 6T12 (As prov. = 629 mm
2
)
2/3/2010
20
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Staircase supported by landing perpendicular to the stair flight
The maximum moment at the middle span is determined using the
equilibrium static equation.
The effective span is to be calculated according to equation 47, BS
8110: Part 1:1997 and further illustrated in Figure 3.12.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Effective span. L
e
= L
a
+ 0.5(l
b1
+ l
b2
) l
b
> 1800 mm
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
21
Example 3.4
Given in Figure P3.4 staircase supported by landings spanning
perpendicular to the flight. Design the staircase. Provided the
following data:
f
cu
= 35 N/mm
2
f
y
= 460 N/mm
2
Riser (R) = 175 mm
Going (G) = 250 mm
Live load = 3.0 kN/m
2
Finishing = 0.75 kN/m
2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.4
Solution
(a) Staircase span
(b) Assumption waist thickness / landing
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
22
Example 3.4
c) Loading
(i) Stair
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
22 . 1
250
175 250
2
2 2
=
+
Example 3.4
(ii) Landing
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
23
Example 3.4
d) Maximum moment at staircase (See figure below)
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.4
Main reinforcement
For secondary reinforcement; Use As min = 0.13% x b x h
Use T10 300 (As prov. = 262 mm
2
/m)
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
156 . 0 027 . 0
149 1000 35
10 21
. .
2
6
2
< =

= =
d b f
M
k
cu
d d d z 95 . 0 97 . 0
9 . 0
027 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 > =

\
|
+ =
m mm
z f
M
A
y
s
/ 339
149 95 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 21
. . 95 . 0
2
6
=

= =
Provide T12-300 (As prov. = 377 mm
2
/m)
m mm A
s
/ 228 175 1000
100
13 . 0
min
2
= =
2/3/2010
24
Example 3.4
Deflection check
Shear check
v
c
= 0.54 N/mm
2
> v = 0.11 N/mm
2
(Satisfactory)
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2
2
6
2
/ 95 . 0
149 1000
10 21
mm N
bd
M
=

=
2
/ 276
377 3
339 460 2
.
3
2
mm N
prov A
req A f
f
s
s y
s
=

= =
41 . 1
) 95 . 0 9 . 0 ( 120
) 276 477 (
55 . 0 =
+

+ = MFTR 2 . 28 41 . 1 20 = = |

\
|
allow
d
L
) ( 2 . 28 6 . 24
149
3658
ry satisfacto
d
L
actual
< = = |

\
|
2
3
/ 11 . 0
149 1000
10 7 . 16
mm N
bd
V
v =

= =
2
3 / 1 4 / 1 3 / 1
/ 54 . 0
25
30
149
400
) 149 ( 1000
) 377 ( 100
25 . 1
79 . 0
mm N v
c
= |

\
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
Example 3.4
Maximum moment at landing
Total load = 11.8 + 16.7 = 28.5 kN/m/m width
M
max
=
Main reinforcement
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
m kNm
wL
/ 63 . 37
8
25 . 3 5 . 28
8
2 2
=

=
156 . 0 048 . 0
149 1000 35
10 63 . 37
. .
2
6
2
< =

= =
d b f
M
k
cu
d d d z 95 . 0 94 . 0
9 . 0
048 . 0
25 . 0 5 . 0 < =

\
|
+ =
m mm
z f
M
A
y
s
/ 614
149 94 . 0 460 95 . 0
10 6 . 37
. . 95 . 0
2
6
=

= =
Provide T12-175 (As prov. = 647 mm
2
/m)
2/3/2010
25
Example 3.4
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Deflection check
Shear check
vc = 0.65N/mm2 > v = 0.31 N/mm2 (Satisfactory)
2
2
6
2
/ 69 . 1
149 1000
10 63 . 37
mm N
bd
M
=

=
2
/ 291
647 3
614 460 2
.
3
2
mm N
prov A
req A f
f
s
s y
s
=

= =
15 . 1
) 69 . 1 9 . 0 ( 120
) 291 477 (
55 . 0 =
+

+ = MFTR 23 15 . 1 20 = = |

\
|
allow
d
L
) ( 23 8 . 21
149
3250
ry satisfacto
d
L
actual
< = = |

\
|
2
3
/ 31 . 0
149 1000
10 3 . 46
mm N
bd
V
v =

= =
2
3 / 1 4 / 1 3 / 1
/ 65 . 0
25
30
149
400
) 149 ( 1000
) 647 ( 100
25 . 1
79 . 0
mm N v
c
= |

\
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
Example 3.4
Detailing
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
26
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Staircase surrounding openings
A main landing and beam at floor level with primary and secondary
stair flights rising to the above level.
The secondary flight is span between two secondary landings which
are supported by walls at right angle to each other.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
It is stated in the code of practice that if two stair flights spanning at
right angle to each other, the tributary load area of the shared
landing shall be divided equally between the flights as illustrated in
figure below.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
n
1
= Load on landing in kN/m
2
n
2
= Load on staircase in kN/m
2
2/3/2010
27
3.2.2Longitudinal span staircase
Example 3.5
Figure P3.5 shows a staircase surrounding an opening with the
main staircase flight spanning continuously and the secondary flight
simply supported. Given the ultimate design load for landing is 10
kN/m
2
and for the staircase is 15 kN/m
2
. Calculate the respective
design moments.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Example 3.4
a) Main staircase flight
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
) (
2
) (
2 2
1 1
L N
L n
F + =
M = FL/10
2/3/2010
28
Example 3.4
Secondary flight
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2
) (
) (
2
) (
3 1
2 2
1 1
L n
L N
L n
F + + =
M = FL/8
Exercise 3.2
Figure E3.1 shows a cross section of a longitudinal span staircase
consisting of 175 mm riser and 130 mm tread with a going of 250
mm. The staircase is supported by beams at the top and bottom of
the flight with a horizontal distance of 3.35 m. Floor finishes load is
0.50 kN/m2. Concrete cover is 25 mm. Concrete is Grade 30 and
steel is Grade 460.
(a) Using 12 mm reinforcement, design all the reinforcement.
(b) Check for shear, deflection and cracking.
(c) Draw the detailing.
(d) If the supporting beams at the top and bottom of staircase are
continuous with the landing slab, what is the percentage
difference at the mid span.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
29
Exercise 3.2
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
Exercise 3.3
Figure E3.2 shows the plan layout of staircases rising to the first
floor level of a corporate office. After the first flight of the staircase, it
breaks into two staircases spanning at right angle with the former.
Figure E3.2a gives the sections of the staircases. The staircases are
supported at the floor level by beams while a landing is shared at
the intermediate stage. Given the following data:
Riser = 175 mm Going = 250 mm
Waist = 150 mm Concrete Cover = 25 mm
Concrete characteristic strength, f
cu
= 25 N/mm2
Reinforcement characteristic strength, f
y
= 460 N/mm
2
Live load = 4.5 kN/m
2
Finishes = 1.0 kN/m
2
(a) Calculate the ultimate design load of staircase STR2. Provide
the maximum bending moment and shear force.
(b) Applying a 12 mm diameter reinforcement, prepare the design
for staircase STR2.
(c) Perform checks on shear, deflection and cracking for section
(b).
(d) Draw the cross section detailing for staircase STR2.
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2
2/3/2010
30
Exercise 3.3
B
F
C

3
1
7
2
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
d

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

D
e
s
i
g
n

2