12, Kenmore Road Littletown LT12 9BH 1st December 2001 Mr G.

Sands Fitness First Lake Road Littletown LT1 5MX Dear Mr Sands Re: Fitness Instructor FF/32 I am writing to apply for the job of Fitness Instructor, as advertised in Thursday's Courant. This is an ideal job for me given my enthusiasm for sport, my related experience and qualifications. Sport and fitness training have always been important to me, which is why I chose to take a BTEC Diploma in Sports Science. I obtained distinctions in the Sports Anatomy & Physiology and Sports Injuries modules last year and am confident that I will get similar marks in Exercise Physiology, Mechanics of Sport and Sports Supervision & Management this year. I am a confident user of Microsoft Office 2000 and have worked extensively with Fitness Publisher, a program for analysing fitness. As you can see from my CV, I've taken the opportunity to gain extra qualifications that were on offer at college, which has helped me get part-time work as a pool attendant. I'm called on to provide cover during busy times so am used to working irregular hours at short notice. I've also run a lunchtime aerobics class at college since the start of this year. I finish college in six weeks and am keen to find a job rather than carry on with further full-time study. I could start any part time work or training sooner as many of my classes are finishing and most of my assignments are done. I look forward to hearing from you.

Date. My dear Suresh, I am glad to inform you that the marriage of my younger brother Vikram comes off on Month, date, at time. You are cordially invited to attend the auspicious occasion and bless the newly weds. Yours sincerely, Name.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing this letter to apply for the position of student assistant that I saw advertised on your website. I am interested in working in the teachers' resource library, or in the accommodation department. I have recently graduated from the WSB Business School in Warsaw and received high grades in both my English and Business Courses. In addition, we had to use all of the Microsoft Office programs in the preparation of our finished assignments, so I am able to do most things with computers. Since I was 15 years old I have helped my father to run his small import-export business. I have been involved in helping a variety of clients and also the general administration of the business. In the past 2 years I have worked in the WSB library, helping teachers and students to find and use the resources there. This experience has given me the ability to deal with the needs of all types of people. I have an outgoing, diligent personality and find that I enjoy the challenges of working in busy environments. In addition, my studies and experience have taught me to be accurate and efficient in organising my work so I would be a valuable addition to your school. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully Pawel Minescz Hi Jen, I'm writing this letter because I really need your help. You're the only person who knows me well enough to give me a reference for a course I want to do. I saw an advert in a paper recently offering a free journalism course to successful applicants. I sent in an article I wrote for the student newspaper, you know, the one about legalising drugs? Anyway, they really liked it, but as there are only five places they want a reference as well. I haven't given them your name yet, as I expect this would be the first reference you've been asked to give. Is it OK if I send them your phone number? I think they want to phone so they can have a proper conversation with you and really check me out. I know it's been a while but if you could do it it'd really help me out. I've got a new phone number, 09957 234 563, so you can get me on that, and my address is still the same. Hope to hear from you soon. Regards Patrick

Rules for Writing Formal Letters in English

In English there are a number of conventions that should be used when writing a formal or business letter. Furthermore, you try to write as simply and as clearly as possible, and not to make the letter longer than necessary. Remember not to use informal language like contractions.

Addresses:

1) Your Address The return address should be written in the top right-hand corner of the letter. 2) The Address of the person you are writing to The inside address should be written on the left, starting below your address.

Date:
Different people put the date on different sides of the page. You can write this on the right or the left on the line after the address you are writing to. Write the month as a word.

Salutation or greeting:
1) Dear Sir or Madam, If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to try to find out a name. 2) Dear Mr Jenkins, If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for married and single women.

Ending a letter:
1) Yours faithfully If you do not know the name of the person, end the letter this way. 2) Yours sincerely If you know the name of the person, end the letter this way. 3) Your signature Sign your name, then print it underneath the signature. If you think the person you are writing to might not know whether you are male of female, put you title in brackets after your name.

Content of a Formal Letter

First paragraph The first paragraph should be short and state the purpose of the letter- to make an enquiry, complain, request something, etc. The paragraph or paragraphs in the middle of the letter should contain the relevant information behind the writing of the letter. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and concentrate on organising it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too much.

Last Paragraph The last paragraph of a formal letter should state what action you expect the recipient to take- to refund, send you information, etc. Dear Sir or Madam I read/heard . . . and would like to know . . . Could you please send me . . .
I would be very grateful if you could send me this information I am writing to tell you about . . I am writing in regard to . . I am writing to confirm . . m happy to inform

I a Your address (but not your name) or house number / name and street, the town, the country, postcode DATE: day, month and year 23rd June 2003 1st May 2003 22nd July 2003 Your correspondent's title and name and position: ROBERT SMITH

MR DEAR SIR / DEAR MADAM (if you don't know his/her name) DEAR MR/MRS/MISS/MS/DR Smith (if you know his/her name) OURS FAITHFULLY, (If you have written Sir or Madam) YOUR SINCERELY, (If you have written the person's name)Your signature Your name legibly written with your title.

And In short In brief In summary To summarise In a nutshell To conclude In conclusion In addition As well as Also Too Furthermore

Moreover Apart from In addition to Besides The former, the latter Firstly, secondly, finally The first point is Lastly The following Because Because of Since As But However Although / even though Despite / despite the fact that In spite of / in spite of the fact that Nevertheless Nonetheless While Whereas Unlike In theory in practice

Formal letters are written for a variety of reasons - e.g. to present information, to make an application, to recommend someone or something, to complain, to apologise, etc Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are usually written to people you know. The main difference between formal and informal letters is the language that you use. In all cases, it is essential that the style of the letter is appropriate for the target reader An introduction in which the reason for writing is clearly stated. In formal letters, it is often necessary to state who you are. A main body in which the task given. Each different issue should be discussed in a separate paragraph. You usually begin each main body

paragraph with a topic sentence. Examples and/or explanations are then added in supporting sentences. A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the letter and/or state an opinion. For formal letters, any action you want taken should be clearly stated at the end of the letter. In formal letters, you usually end by sending

your wishes and perhaps asking the

Username / P

email

******
Am uitat parola x Creaza cont

Formal and Informal Letters Formal and Informal Letters Formal letters are written for a variety of reasons - e.g. to present information, to make an application, to recommend someone or something, to complain, to apologise, etc. Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are usually written to people you know.

The main difference between formal and informal letters is the language that you use. In all cases, it that the style of the letter is appropriate for the target reader. A letter should contain:

An introduction in which the reason for writing is clearly stated. In formal letters, it is often ne state who you are.

A main body in which the task given. Each different issue should be discussed in a separate pa

You usually begin each main body paragraph with a topic sentence. Examples and/or explana then added in supporting sentences.

A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the letter and/or state an opinion. For fo any action you want taken should be clearly stated at the end of the letter. In formal letters, y end by sending your wishes and perhaps asking the other person to write back. Formal and Informal style 14514p1516o
[X]

How formal your letter needs to be depends on the target reader and the reason for writing. It is ver to maintain the same level of formality throughout your letter (in other words, you should not mix v expressions with very informal ones). Study the guidelines. Formal styles includes: Sophisticated vocabulary Impersonal tone More frequent use of the passive voice Complex grammatical constructions Formal linking devices Advanced vocabulary Informal style 14514p1516o includes: Colloquial (spoken) and idiomatic English Personal tone/direct address Less frequent use of the passive voice Less complex grammatical constructions

 Simple linking devices Less advanced vocabulary Contractions Beginnings and Endings Formal letter Remember that the formal letters begin and end with either: Dear Sir/Madam, -> Yours faithfully OR Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith, -> Yours sincerely,

All formal letters begin with the reason for writing - e.g. I am waiting to request. /inform you./comp about./apologise for./apply for./etc. In addition, you can include one or more of the following: Who you are - e.g. I am writing on behalf of my English class. A reference to something you have seen or read - e.g. I am writing in response to your article Tuesday's issue of Education News. Details of place, time, people spoken to, e.g. .while I was attending the seminars for students Depending on the reason for writing, letters can end with one or more of the following: A summary of the main body A reiteration of the reason for writing A reassurance A reference to future action

 An expression of gratitude Informal letters Informal letters usually begin and end with first names in the following way: Dear John, ->Lots of love, Susan Dear Margaret, -> Take care and write soon, Bill Informal letters can begin with the reason for writing, e.g. I thought I would write to let you know about this fantastic new course that's being offered. Alternatively, they can begin with an informal greeting, e.g.: How are you doing?

The closing comment depends on the content of the letter - e.g. Write soon and let me know what y think./Why don't you give a try?/etc. vellous performance, an interesting plot, etc).

To add emphasis, you can use adverbs such as extremely, completely, absolutely, etc. (e.g. the perf absolutely marvellous.) Some adverbs (e.g. really) collocate with both gradable and non-gradable adjectives.

Since not all adverbs and adjectives collocate, you should be careful to avoid mistakes such as extrem breathtaking, totally moving. Study the table and the examples given below:

Adverbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Adjectives

Incredibly Extremely exceptionally

Enjoyable Moving Convincing

Absolutely Totally Completely

Breathtaking Magnificent Ridiculous

This is an exceptionally enjoyable film with an incredibly moving story and absolutely breathtaking Recommending For positive reviews I would advise anyone to (see/watch/go to/ etc). This is (a film/book/play/etc) that you should not miss. If you have the chance, make sure you (see/watch/go to/ etc). If you only (see one film/buy one CD/etc) this year, this should be it. This (film/book/play/etc) is well worth seeing. I would thoroughly recommend (name of film/book/play/etc). For negative reviews (Name of film/book/play/etc) is not worth (seeing/buying/reading/etc). This is a (film/book/play/etc) to avoid. Unfortunately, this (film/book/play/etc) fails to live up to expectations. Articles Articles are written for newspapers, magazines, newsletters, etc and use a variety of styles. In general, an article should contain:

 A suitable eye-catching title, followed by an introduction which makes the reader want to rea Techniques for attracting the reader's attention include using: Direct address (e.g. if you need help with your studies, look no further.) A rhetorical question (e.g. How often do you think about where our food comes from?) Background information (e.g. in recent months, we have heard a great deal about.) A main body, in which you write about the main points in the rubric. You should start a new paragraph for each point.

Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence, followed by explanation(s) or exam A conclusion, in which you can summarise the points or re-state your opinion. The style of writing should be appropriate for the target-reader (which in this case is determined by publication).

Most articles are a blend of different types of writing. For example, an article describing a journey yo made is clearly narrative. However, descriptive writing will also be used to describe the scenery, you atmosphere, etc. If the rubric also includes instructions to. say what you learned from the experience will need to use a discursive writing as well. Narrative writing

Narrative writing is used when we want to describe a series of events. This can be in the present (e.g what happens at a wedding in your country) or in the past, (e.g. describe a wedding that you attend Characteristics of narrative writing include:

An introduction which sets the scene (e.g. who or what is/was involved, where, when or why t happen(ed), what happens/happened before the main events, etc).

Correct use of tenses to link the main events (e.g. once the invitations have/have been seen o

preparations begin/began. Use the appropriate time words and phrases (e.g. when, once, after, etc).

Describing feelings (e.g. most people are usually very nervous at this point; terrified, I opened etc)

Mentioning the senses (e.g. the repetitive beat of music could be heard from the caf next do of freshly cut flowers fills the room, etc) Descriptive writing

All articles contain some descriptive writing. You may have to describe people, places, objects, chanc feelings, etc. In your writing, you should use a variety of vocabulary, such as: Adjectives (e.g. an extraordinary man, a picturesque village, etc) Adverbs (e.g. I hurriedly packed a bag, we ran excitedly, etc) Verbs (e.g. to cheer, to whisper, to dash, to gaze, to stroll, etc) Discursive writing

For serious articles, you will need to use discursive writing (this is the same type of writing as you wo formal letter or an essay). In this type of writing, you need to include linking words and phrases as w expressions which help you to: Explain (e.g. one reason for this is that.) Analyse (e.g. one aspect of this problem involves.) Suggest (e.g. one solution would be to.) Compare (e.g. this is considerably more serious than.) Contrast (e.g. on the other hand, .)

Discursive writing can also appear in informal articles, where you will need to bring down the level o Reports and proposals

Reports and proposals are usually written to present information in formal situations. They are usua into sections. Each section is written as a paragraph, in the same way as other types of writing, but are given heading.

You will be given a role (e.g. you are the secretary of a local music club.) and specific instructions as should do include (e.g. write a report outlining the activities held by the club in the last twelve mont Reports tend to be about past events of present situations. Proposal usually outline a course if action for the future. A report or proposal should contain: An introduction in which the reason of writing is stated.

A main body with headed sections. It is essential to choose appropriate section headings in or answer the question properly.

A conclusion in which the main points are summarised. The conclusion may include a referenc future action. Beginnings and endings Reports and proposals usually begin with the following: To: . From: . Subject: . Date: . } (the exact information you include depends on the rubric).

The first paragraph is usually a short section entitled Purpose or Introduction which gives a reason f In the conclusion you can: Summarise the points in the main body Make a recommendation for future action Offer a personal opinion Reassure the target reader In a proposal, you can also end by mentioning the benefits of the proposal being accepted. Tenses The most commonly used verb tense in reports and proposals are as follows:

The Present Simple - to describe the present situation e.g. it is believed that most of the students reg the newsletter.

The Present Continuous - to describe things that are happening now e.g. Although we are dealing w situation, complaints are being received on a daily basis.

The Present Perfect - to emphasise past actions that are relevant now e.g. Over half of those questio responded favourably to the suggestion. The Past Simple - to report on past actions, events, etc, e.g. Most of those who took part expressed similar projects. Writing about future When writing about future, the following can be used: The future simple tense e.g. at least 3000$ will be needed. The future continuous tense e.g. we will be closely monitoring the situation.

The future perfect tense e.g. the work will have been completed before the beginning of the next ac Verbs

These include propose, intend, hope, expect, predict, forecast, look forward to, anticipate, etc. e.g. w anticipate any future problems and we hope to meet the deadlines as discussed. Adjectives These include imminent potential, probable, possible, forthcoming, future, expected, proposed, etc. e.g. the proposed work, the potential profit, future discussion, etc. Hypothetical constructions e.g. this would mean that, if we could, this should, we might, etc. Book entries

Some writing tasks ask you to write an entry or a contribution to a book that is to be published. Dep the exact task, what you write should be similar to an article (with or without section headings). You will have to use a combination of the following types of writing: Descriptive writing e.g. to describe a person, place, situation, event, process.

Discursive writing e.g. to give and support your opinion, to analyse a situation, to give explanations examples. Narrative writing e.g. to narrate an event, a discovery.

You may have to include practical information (such as how to get to place or where to find out mor person). It is important that you write should look like an authentic text and be as realistic as possib Business option

In part 2 of the CAE writing paper, one of the choices is a business question. This is designed by peop

working rather than students. This does not mean tat students should not attempt this question but important to remember that the examiner will be looking for vocabulary, register and subject matte appropriate to a work situation. The instructions you are given will assume that you are in full-time that you are familiar with such things as work environments, working conditions and the correct for letters, reports, proposals, information sheets, etc. Letters of application

When writing a letter of application for a job or a course of study, it is important to include only the that is relevant to the particular job you are applying for. It is also important to use exactly the right otherwise, the application will be rejected. Typically, such letters contain some or all the following: The name of the job/course you are applying for Where you saw it advertised What you are doing now What work experience you have Your academic qualifications The personal qualities which make you suitable for the job or course. Combined transactional tasks

Sometimes, you can be asked to produce two pieces of writing, for example a 200-word article and a letter, or a 175-word memo/notice. For the shorter task, you should remember the following: Memos often begin with details such as: To: The Principal From: The Student Sports Committee And may have a short heading, e.g. NEW SPORTS STADIUM

You should then write 2-3 short paragraphs.

Notices, Advertisements and Announcements usually begin with a heading (e.g. TO ALL STUD INTENDING TO GO ON THE GEOLOGY FILED TRIP) and address a large group of people or the g public. Notes, Messages and Short Letters are like letters but are written in an abbreviated style.

All of the above may contain bullet points, but remember that the examiner needs to see your ability connected English.

If you have to writ two tasks, the register is usually very different for each task, so you have to show differences between formal and informal writing. It is also important to keep to the word limit. Leaflets and information sheets

Leaflets and information sheets are written in both formal and informal situations, depending on th reader. Like articles, they often have a main heading but they are usually divided into sections with s in the same way as reports and proposals.

More formal tasks should focus on providing factual information, but may need to use tactful or dip language. E.g. write an information sheet announcing some major changes that are being planned f coming year in your company. You should reassure the public that they will be inconvenienced as litt possible.

For less formal tasks, as well as providing information, more light-hearted or persuasive language m needed. E.g. you have helped to organise a sporting or cultural event on your area. Write a leaflet w encourage young people to attend. Leaflets and Information sheets should include: A title which attracts the attention of the reader and states the content An introduction which makes the reader want to continue A main body divided into headed sections, focusing on the relevant information in the rubric

 A brief conclusion where main points are summarised. Layout is important - use clear headings and make sure your writing is well spaced out on the page. can be used to separate your points. Headings and subheadings

As in reports and proposals, the section heading should give a clear indication of the content of the s follows. In information sheets and leaflets, there is often a general heading as well (similar to the tit article). Headings and subheadings are usually very short. For formal tasks, they describe the section in a few words, e.g. gym classes, activities in the town.

For formal tasks they can be more light- hearted and often make use of puns, clichs, idioms, short q e.g. work that body!, looking for action?

It is advisable not to use idioms, if you are not absolutely sure of their meaning (or meanings!). if in d your heading as simple as possible.