'

5.

sf.

<:

INTRODtfCTlON.
E as^knmantchaf ita

Dilndiii's

is

a prose

K&w/a and be-

longs to the class of poetical compositions (rotnantic poems) called A'kliyayik&s. Its subjedt matter is purely fictitious*

though

probably wholly invented by the author* Before proceeding to discuss the question of Dandin's date or pass* any remarks upon the merits or defedts of his work, or laying down any criticism on the manners of the time &c.,
riot

we

propose to give here, for the better convenience of tk* student, the substance of the work.

THE STORY.
CHAPTER
I.

and accomplished monarch ruled m kingdom of Magadha* His queen, l\^^ftj;>uri a p4tr^^ betuity, was named Vasumatl He had three ministers, Dhannapala* Pachnodbhava and Sitavarman by name, who held

RA'JAHAMSU

a bdndvoidnt

the capital of the

Of these Dharmapltla liad succession. StWANTtu* SUMITHA and KA^MAPA'LA Padmodbhara ""iiad two, Su'"ruiTA, and EATNODBHAVA; and Sitavarman tWo, SuAiAiu 'and SATVAVAIUIAN* Kdmapdla turned out a vagabond and led a life of dirtRolnte Batriodbhiva, engaged in foreign comprofligacy. While Satyavaruma, merce, constantly performed distant voyages.
their offices by heriditary
tjiree sons,
\

disguafced with the world,

went upon a pilgrimage to foreign climes

offices Jield

The remaining
their fathers.

brothers succeeded to the ministerial

by

once broke out between Rdjahamsa and M&nasdra, king of ^ u a decisive battle the latter was defeated and takei*
prisoner,

Hujahanisa, however, generously set his enemy free and restored Ins kingdom to him. The king of Magadha now ruled
to

supreme over the world and there remained nothing

complete

his happiness except the birth of progeny. He constantly prayed to N&rHyana for being blessed with children, His wet*

prayer*

Imrd tud

his principal

queen shortly conceived.

[2]
On
the occasion of the celebration
of

her

S'iman'ta
his, in

oereinoriy,.

while the king

wag seated on the throne, a spy-of

1

a hermit's?

garb, appeared before him, upon which the cotfrfiers withdrew leaving the king with his ministers alone to confer with him. The

narrated that Manasfirs, storting under bis recent defeat, hnct obtained by his devotion from Mahesvars a club destined to l<i ll
:

spy

cue

and was advancing with jndividual

of

a large
tin's

army

to invade

tlio

territory

Rajahamsa.

On

hearing

intelligence the
to "retire

king
tl?t
<<,

disdajping the counsel of his ministers himself

fort
.

into

and to leave to them the conduct of

the

meet the

*xfo8 foe m
wwe

war,
ladies

determined

person.
*

The royal
princes

rfj Mains.
-.

a &itm % etoolt

sent

safe resort in the

The armies met, the and ManasSra aimed a Mo*

wcompaniwt Vindhya morm,tl>r

ffltt

rival
of

enconntercd each
chari.teer

the

God-beStowod
his
car.

l^amsa.

fang

The weapon, however,

an irnconscio^s
state

fg at !tfij_

killed the
in

K) trable forest

and loft tl.# The horn* l,ol(,d wa R '-

where resided in safety the king's

left

hou^ohi.
diction

K8>hamsa's army,
rown
-

without a leader,

fled

in everv

hiraself

snpreme

,
H^A. About
the same tame the four rnhmtors of the ki

also got sons

that of Sumati was

of

Mii'RAGUPTA,

named ^RAMATI, of Sumantf* Sumitra MANTBAGUPTA, and of S'us'ruta VIS'&UTA,

One day
to

him

said

a Brahmana* sa'w the king and handirtg over a yonng boy As I was travelling through the forest I met a young

Woman
and

in ragged clothes,

weeping in
of

distress.

Compassionately

softly I inquired as to th'e canse

tale.

her misery.

She

told thef

\v

a nurse belonging to the household of Icing following Praha rvarinan prince of Mithila and ally of Rajahamsa. Oil the defeat of the latter prince, the fdrmer beat a hasty retreat with thtf
tfas
r
5

She

;
.

shattered remnants of his forces towards his

own country. But fierce S'abaras suddenly attacked him in the intervening Forest. Prahuravarinan. with the royal ladies some how escaped falling into th
hands
of the enemies.

In this precipitate flight the young

woman

with her darighter arid two young princes committed to theif and lost her way charge, was unable td Iteep pace with the others
;

in the forest.

In

this

perplexity,

a fierce
fell

tiger

suddenly
the

rushed
-"-------

on

her.

She being

terror-stricken

down

with

boy-prine*
1
!

He crawled along and hid himself by the side of th carcass of a cow lying hard by. The tiger was slain just at the moment by an arrow shot by a hunter, who presently issued forth and took the child away. She was prevented from following the
in her arms.
stale

hunter owing to the swoon she then fell into and was found in that by a cowherd who removed her to his cottage and gave her food
shelter.

and

least to return to her lord

She had than started to search for her charge or at and inform him of the sa4 occurrence.

told me this she left me. termined to find out the sons of

Having

Moved with compassion

Praharavarroan.
Soon.
I

de-

came

across a temple of the goddess Chanilika, where I of foresters with a fair child amongst them, whom
offer to the deity

they
the

saw a n number wished toin boy.

future,

in

order to
as to the

secure a similar

success

j approached and addressed them saying that 1 was an old Brahmaua and had lost my son. They pitied me and producing the young

They were disputing

manner

of killing

boy asked me to see if he was mine. Saying that he was,! received The the young prince from them and have brought him to you. king feeling greatly sorry for the misfortunes of his faithful friend
jand ally

Pmharavarman took the child and having named him brought him up with the other princes.

On

a woman with

another occasion while travelling to a holy place a ,s^premely fair child iu her arms*

R
On
iao^ujry

t4]
he leant that the child was the other son of Praha'ravarman,
feiBgtook charge of the young boy and naming tannaa reared him with his son.
The'

him Apahara-?.;
:
:

dfeeipk of

Vamadeva

bhfe

day brought
firbin

young boy

to the'

king and saidi

WMilS returning

Rainatirtha I met an elderly

1

woman bearing a baby who on enquiry told me that she was the nnr* trf Snrrtta, wife of Katnddbhava; They Were sliip-wrecked
whijj*
slui

bn their

refcara

voyage,

but
of

fortunately her

mistress stnd

got

s&feljr to land.

The

fate

RatiiothaYa was

not known;

Her

mistress^ site
in

lay sense^gg

was then just delivered of a son, and a neighbouring thicket, and thai she was ill
added*

Dearth of assistance in her sore calamity. Just as elephant Appeared on the scene terrifying tiie

she finished;

ail

maidj and thus

causing her to drop the infant The elephant picked the bhild w&ett * lbn attedk^d the brute who in alarm droppfed the infant
firoBl

Ms

uplifted

tnink on the branch of a

it

tree,
it

where ah ape

catgtii

it

mistaking

for a ripe

frtiit

bat placed

at the root of

aiwtoghoa discovering his mistake and leapt off. The lion too disappeared having killed the elephant I then took the child from the tree and saught for the woman biit was unable to firid her or ber misir^s. I then brought the child to my venerable preceptor irito<*tatdit to be taken to you. The king and Sus'ruta, the fonoiiier of Eatitodbha^a, were greatly touched the loss of
Batnodbiijara, and took the
child after
df to

by tendering thanks to

the

Almighi^for
,

the deliverance

his

son.

md

The boy Was named

c0E&iglied

g/ usmta

ht

]>eb ^

reared

Oaeaay
He

M Mfr

toWbmliowai ni nigM a

the ling, seeing his queen Vasumati nursing ^10^ sewli asked her w}lo the cbad ^.^^
celestial

an infant

mr

nymph appeared
the

before her

and

her

deemed

to fatnitf

wife,of

of Mttibhadrm.

K^i wa Ba'ahuia.

DhantiapMa, daughter Ba'jahuia. was astonished by this accountHe ditArtb.paia and ga^e it in the Charge to be brought tip as became him,
,

attendant of Raiavahana 8he introduced herself as TaWvali glofy, bf % son of and the

OM

to her to be

On

anofc^r

Ay a dkrfpb'of Wmadeva
while

m^irj

pilgrimage to the river female with a child in her arms, weepkg

k had gone on
said that

brought a child to the

Satpyarman, son

ol

m
Wtnan, had married
ever, proved barren.

Kail, the daughter of a Brahmana. She,

how
ths

Whereupon Satyavannan married Gauri

younger

sister of

of her sister

Kali, by whom he got a son. Kali became jealous and sought to drown her child with its nurse into the

stream. She, the nurse, managed to get to land with the child, with the help of a tree which was up-^rooted and was washed ashore by the current. She was, however, bitten by a serpent, and

was consequently weeping. As soon as she finished her story she swopped and lay dead, Upon this he topk t}ie child, and unatte to fin4 the whereabouts of is parents, brought it to the king. On
hearing this account the king received the child,
'Hfand

named it $om&datta,

gave

it

to Sumati, his uncle, tp be reared*

So these* ten boys, fortuitously brpugh$ together, grew to be accomplished scholars and able warriors under the supervision of the king and the proper guidance of teaphers who were adepts in the different branches of knowledge. The king delighted at
tkeir youth

and valour

felt

confident of winning his

lo/sj:

kingdom

CHAPTER II,
One day
as the sage Yatoadeva

came

to the

long surrounded by

the Kumarct* he observed their youth and valour and asked the Jmig to send them on a campaign for tfye conquest of #je world,..

*For easy reference

we give hjalow the names *>f th,e

ARTHAPA'LA

ten

$ SOMADATTA

SOB

0f
nisters ).

son of of Sumitra, and son of one of th$ old mi-

man

( brother

of Sumati and son

of Sitavaraaan, the old ster of E4jah&msa ).

mini-

7 PBAMATI
,o/f

^son of Sumati ( brother Satyayarman and sop Q$ Sfta).

3 PtJSHPOBBHAVA

vapinan
son
,qf

{U^nod-

bjiav^ ( brother of Sus'ruta

and

son of Pgwlmodbhava, the seeon4 jpf the jJiroe old ministers,)

,\
,

S MITRAGUPTA son o.f Suinantra of Kto^P^J^j SQR of ( brother

9 MANTRAGHPTA-r-srm of Suiifkitra ( brother ot Sumantra and son o|T 10 VIS'RXT^
( bra|;ji^r

\
I

sons of Prar
VJMIl (M T
ytl. ^.f JL^Ll

Vking of Mithila and an

son

of
).

Sus'ruta

of

Ratnodbhava and

son o| Padmodbh^va

m
In obedience to
pained by his

While the
fqrest

this Tvish of the sage, Prince Bajayithana companions, took leave of his father and set out* ten Princes were journeying through the Vindhy***

Rajavahana saw an ugly man, strongly

built

and

covered

The Yajaopavita he wore* however, gave unmistakable? evidence of his being a Brahmana, Rajavahana perceiving this strange inconsistency asked him who he was, and why he rewith scars.
sided in the forest
all

alone.

The Brahmana replied that in Brahmana renegades, who giving up

the

Forest

there

were
^

their holy

pursuits and

torturing: he interfered, but his interference proved fatal sad iho robbers killed him. Up he was carried before the throne of the od of Death, who perceiving that the roan had died prematurely add iu the defence of a worthy BrMimaiia which, a
an.

scruples and associating with the mountaineers, lived by robbery such other ill usages. Born of such a BnLhmaua, he, Mataiig-^ by name, led a similar life, lived among savages and was shut from all knowledge of the duties of a Bnihmana, One day while on a plundering excursion he saw his savage associates

and up

aged Bniliinaua

Jar act of

e,<Jf

sacrifice, effaced

all

his

former

sins,

sing-xiordered that

In* (Mat&nga) he taken to the 'torture rooms and shown what unbearable torture^ attend the evil doors, which done, lie was thrown drjwn to the mortal earth and restored to life and to his form or wicked body. Ths venerable Brahmaua in whose defence be had died was, when he recovered, attempting to bring him to consciousiws His Friends also arrived by that time and carried him home

and dressed
worthy of a
Vixias.

his

nursed him,

wonuda, taught him

Grateful
to read

for

his

rescue

the old

man
the
to

and

to write,

^ ye

him education
secrets
of

Brahmana,

and unfolded

to

him the

After his departure,

Matanga

solely devoted

himself

him
to.

Fna ? ee and meditation. After relating so much of his history lie rented a private Interview with lUjavahana, who gladlj took
aside.

Then

le

me

Brahmana said-"Last
foret(j]d that g

v is]oa ai?d

day, agreeably to which you have fnrttor directed me to induce you

^^ ^^ ^ appeared ^
night,

God

S'iva

come here to-day.

to

The
'to

^d

accompany

me

the.

D,ndakar,^a the foot of Wrvati imprinted on

and at
tto
its

where on the hank of the

rim

to

a Linga with

way

to

*te

it; and near it a dark opening a copper plate on which h writtm king of Patala," With wonli
|

en
asked for the Prince's help, which was readily promised;
ingly R&javahana left the the Brahmana to the place.

Accord*

camp

at

midnight and accompanied

When

was

missed and

the

KUMARAS

the morning dawned ftajavahana of him, separated in search

agreeing to meet again at Ujjayini

Matanga accompanied by

the Prince*, entered- the

chasm

leading'

to Pa'tala, obtained the copper plate, and entered the nether world* On arriving near a city, in obedience to the directions on the
jlate,
lliefe' Matanga they repaired to a grove by the side of a tank* kindled a fire, offered oblations of ghee and threw himself into it when it was quite ablate, After a while he came out in a supremely

handsome exterior. Soon a beautiful damsel in rich and presented him with a costly lustrous jewel To

attirs

approached

his enquiry as to

who

" I she was she replied in a voice that imitated the cuckoo : a-m the daughter of the king of Asuras who was killed by Vishnu in a

My name is Kalindi I was told by a Saint that a being with a heavenly form would become my husband. Relying on his words I waited so long and now hearing of your arrival here I have come to offer to you myself and my kingdom with the consent
battle.
;

of

my

counsellors."

M.atanga consented, married her, arid became

returned thanks to

king

of Patala.

He

Rrijavahana for his assist-

him the jewel presented to him by Kalindi, which had the peculiar power to satisfy hunger and thirst and bade farewell to him. l&ijava'haua, however, on coming out of the dark passage found none of his friends. He therefore set out in search of them and
ance, gave

to Ujjayini where in a garden he encountered Somadatta accompanied by a splendid retinue, and a beautiful damsel The" soon as he saw his royal master, fell at his feet with an latter,

came

acclamation of joy. Rajav&hana asked him what luck he had met and kow. Whereupon Sornadatta thus began his narration.

CHAPTER
SOMAJUTTA'S

III.

In the tfours'o of my wanderings in search of your Royal Highness, most noble Prince, I arrived afflicted with thirst on the bank of a tank, 'There in tho sand I saw a brilliant diamond and picked it up. Near the tank was a tetngle on one Side and a iaj*ge atmy was en-

camped on the

other,

The f<waw 4 -entered

for shelter

from

the

ittti,

where I met an old Bra'hmana who

of orphans.

number

From him

Mattakala,
province to

king

of Lata,

lived on charity with & I gathered that the army belonged to who had come all the way from his

i!

demand

of Viraketu,

king

of the country, his

daughter
beauty.

Vamalochana

in marraige. as he

had heard

of her

uncommon

handed his daughter over to his charge, to do so by the enormous force which Mattakala had compelled summoned to back up his demand. The latter is now going back
father
reluctantly

Her

to hi? own country to celebrate the ntiptials. Having got so much Information I gave the jewel to the old Brahmana, who immediately On account of the day's fatigue I fell into deep slumber departed.

from which I was

thief/

When

roughly awakened by the loud cry *this is the I opened my eyes I saw the old man with his amis
*

pinioned and pointing at me,

His guards
threw

left

him and

inspitc oE

my

resistence

arrested

me and

me

into prison,

pointing
fate

at

several others as

my
of

companions.

I asked

them what

had

me that they were the servaxits him to murder Viraketu, employed by Mattakala. They accordingly entered the apartment of the latter, but unhappily Mattakala was not in and they only plundered the apartment and took away all the valuables found ia
brought them there when they told
minister
of the
* They were pursued," overtaken and the king's valuables re covered from them except one costly diamond which was missing^
fc

mid which was accidentally the one I had found. I managed my comrades from the prison and saw the minister. Kext day Mattakala sent for us but the minister refused to deliver
to escape with

us over and sent a most insulting reply.

Mattakala incensed at

this

I was placed at the head of the immediately advanced against us. minister's army. I personally encountered Mattakala and kifllexi him
in a single combat.
T

he heard of
services

my

His army was routed and king Viraketu when exploits crowned me Yuvaraj in recognition of
his

and gave

my

daughter
to

V&malochan&
that

in marriage to

me.

So I had every thing

company.

An

make me happy except

astrologer told

me

I should

meet you

the lack of yom* in the

they easily recognised to be Pushpodbhava hastily bending down in homage to the Prince. They gushed forth to greet him and then asked him to narrate Ms dveatm?es whereupon he said ;*
f

temple of Mahakala and was now on bride. Just then approached a man

my way
whom

to the place with

my

!.
'

CHAPTER

IV,

THE STO&Y OF PUSHPOBBHAVA.

h
I

My

lord,

we knew

for certain

that

your Highness was gone to

,!
\
t

assist the

i'

Brahmana, but unable to fix upon a particular place as After destination we dispersed in search of your Highness. your several days of fruitless search I rested, one day, while wandering in a forest, in the shade of a tree grown by the ridge of a clift when suddenly I beheld before me the shadow of a contracted hgmau
figure.

saw a man fallen from the top of the clift. Through compassion I took him up and brought him to his When h had fully regained senses by using cooling appliances I asked him why he had thus precipitated himself consciousness

As

looked up

T
,

from the

precipice.

He

said

*I

am

the son of

Padmodbhava

the

name is Ratnodbhava. I being "Ty minister of the king of Magadha. a sea-fating merchant once went 1o the island of Kalayavana where

My

..

While returning to my country 1 married a merchant's daughter. wrecked on the coast and all were drowned save with her we were
myself.

f
I

The death of my wife broke niy heart, and 1 would have to this unhappy existence had not an astrologer gladly put an end
foretold that I should

meet

my

wife

and be reunited with her

after

the To-day the term was completed and not y<s&rs. Just with my beloved yet I threw myself from the clift*" meeting * Oh lady, why do you sacrithen we heard a female cxclaimbg.
lapse of
lf>

lice
^

sure to be united with your husband yourself when you are and son according to the words of the Seer, after sixteen years from

the date of your separation.'

On
to

father-for so he proved to behearing this I having asked my the direction of the sound and wait for a few minutes ran in
^

saw

a blasdug fire with a female standing near

it,

jast prepared to

sacrifice fyorself to the flames. Before, however, she could

in I

throw Itself

f
I

father, I then asked her old caught her and brought her to my attendant the story of her life. She said that the woman was Suvrtta,
of

Kalagupta, a rich merchant of Kalayavana. Ou her^ daughter she was returning with her husband and herself to her marriage father-in-law's towe when they were all wrecked on the shore and
her husband was
lost.

They two

survived.

Believing in an astro-

mistress waited for her husband for 16 long years. loger's words, he* not yet found, She, They have expired and her husband is
,

1-2

flO]
therefore,

was aboat

to sacrifice herself.

It

"U ..,,

that she was my mother, I therefore blessings, and intr ad need her to my

fell s*t

became plain to 00 her feet, asked her

father*

They met
respect,

joyfully,

embraced
tiding,
t hern

ine

and asked
their

ine

how

was reared and what I

in

was

satisfied

curiosity

that

and leaving
"

Having prosecuted ray search for you. found a treasure in one of the forests of the Vindhya mountain,
merchant
I purchased oxen and bags to carry it, went to jjayini as a in the company of a merchant's son named Bandhnpala,
lived there.

in the h at of a sage

and
but

Thence

I frequently travelled to
fruitless.

search

for

yon ?

my

attempts proved

Bandhnpala

dissuaded

me

Irani making- further attempts promising to give note the earliest tidings of your approach by observing certain signs in which he

was
ffTr*-r
~f

well versed.

Accordingly I visited him daily.

In the course

'~+*

these visits I often saw his daughter Balachandrika. Her lovely mght thrilled me with pleasure and I fell in love with her. She too
nofc unaffected.

was
j
1

On

I evened

my

heart lo her.

one occasion seeing that no body was near She told me that Darpasara, son of

3nas$ra, had left the kingdom in the hands of Daruvarman and Chandavarmaii and gone to the forest to practise austerities, and that the former disregaded the advise of the latter and committed great atrocities. Daruvarman had lately seen her and being
smitten by love at the sight of her charms
offered her his

1
1

love

wiidi was refused

brook a
refusal

in

due form.

But he was not a man to calmly

to secure her

mad was trying

person which he could

|j
1

BO! win by affection. I then comforted her who seemed to be painthe thought and advised her to have a ed circulated that

report

Balaehandrika was possessed by a Yaksha who visited her chamber at uigM, and that he who would till or drive the ghost would be the fafare Susfemd of the fair damsel. If this deters Daruvarman, I

f
4
I

^^j ift a^ well. But if he persists I would accompany you in the garb of a maid and Mil him. This plan was agreed upon. Daruvarman took the bait, I killed him and rushed out of the chamber
exclaiming that the Yaksha had killed Daruvarman. In the noise aad bustle which followed 1 slipped out with the maiden,, and we were married a few days after. To-day Bandhupala gave me tin? glad news of your approach and I came out to seek yptyiwy lord.
:

I
|,
'

Prince

to

Ilia

sud

narratel his accoimt as well as that of Somadatta tliey three repaired to Ujfayini" together, where

now

k,

[Ill
Prince Rajavdhana disguised himself as
awid soon earned distinction for

the

son of a

his

eminent accomplishments

CHAPTER

V.

THE ADVENTURES OF BA'JAVA'HANA,

Spring approached with
IT ere

all its

gaities

and the vernal

festivities

celebrated by the youthful ladies of

Uj jay int. Rajavahank desirous

of seeing Avantisundari who was reported to be the very incarnation of Ra(,i, Kama's bride, went to the gardens outside the city accom-

panied by

Pushpodhava,

proach like the very god

of love

Avantisundari, seeing the prince ap~ trembled with emotion like a creeper

Rajaviihana too felt his heart wounded by agitated by the breeze. Balachandrika who was the the shafts of Kama at her sight,

companion

of the Princess, being asked who the young stranger told her that he was a learned Brahmana, well versed in the yraSj On this the Princess called him near and worshipped him as lores.

befitted a Biilhmana.

previous existence, Her love the fact.

other.

and

RtVjavtlhana recognised in her his wife in a delicately and skilfully reminded her of

foe him revived and they recognised eacli Just then the queen of M&nasara approached to see the Avantisundari hastily dismissed RtVjavahana. The festival and Prince unable to see the mistress of his heart for a long time

became uneasy.
f
1

One day

while wandering in the garden, the place

their first meeting,

he encountered a Brahmana magician named

They became friends and the magician premised Vidyeslivara* the union of his friend Rfijavahana with his beloved to bring about
by the power of his magical
art.

Next day Yidyeshvara proceeded

Wheii to the palace and performed very wonderful feats of magic. the king and his household were quite lost in astonishment at
what they
he proposed to perform the marriage of beheld, Avantisundari with a worthy prince. While all believed that it was a trick of magic RfijavShana and Avantisundari were formally married. At the end of the ceremony the magician ordered
all his

attendants to retire and along with them B&jav&hana and Avantisundari repaired to the inner apartments of the harem,

where they passed their time in pleasant enjoyment. The Prince Once t Instructed his wife in the mysteries of the fourteen, worlds. saw a swan in a dream and on awakening foxtnd tin It&jav&lmna

[12]
feet

bound in

silver

fetters.

The Princess seeing

the

it,

alarmed and

and consequences, caused her attendants to gather together inquisitively. They saw of the matter, who the Prince and informed Chandavarman
therefore

unmindful

of

screamed

instantly appeared

on the scene.

He

recognised

Rajavahana as
destruction,

the friend of Pushpodhava, the cause of his brother's

and getting furious rebuked Avantisundari and ordered the Prince to Avantisundarfs misery now knew no bounds, but she was prison.
consqjed by the parting words of her lover

who reminded her that the

swan had

foretold his

liberation as

ment

of

two months.

Chandavarman

taking place after an imprisonheartily desired to execute

Ra'java'haua, but the old king and queen, solely attracted by the beauty of the prince, opposed his intentions and threatened to

put an end to their own

hands.

lives

if evil

befell

their

son-in-law

at his

Unable to solve the dilemma Chandavarman applied to Barpsara for advice, and pending his decision arrested Pushpodbhava with his family and confiscated his property* Meanwhile Chandavarman. had set his heart on the beautiful daughter who was, however, averse to the match. To force varman invaded the territory of with a
of the

king of Anga,

his consent

Chanda-

Anga

large force.

Rajavahana

was taken away with the army in a wooden cage. Simhavarman, too impatient to wait for the allies who had been fast advancing to his
succour at his request, rushed forth with his scanty troops to face the enemy. Bravely did his gallant soldiers fight but heavily out-

numbered

his

army was defeated and Sirnhvarman himself made

Barpsara Highly incensed at the* violation of the secrecy and sanctity of the harem, Darpasara demanded instant execution of Rajavahana, and strict imprisonment of the

prisoner, with his beautiful and youthful daughter. time the messenger from arrived.

About

this

mad

Princess.

Accordingly Rajavahana was summoned to face his death. He was to be trampled down by a huge elephant. Fearlessly he approached the elephant, when the silver chain which bound his feet

Ml
She

and there rose before him a

Condescend, oh
Prince,

nymph
to

of heavenly

beauty.

listen to

me.

am

Suratahaiid to

daughter of Somarashmi.

While waving

my
just

away a swan that annoyed

the head of the sage

me my

bracelet slipped off

and

emerged lelake Mandodaka. He instantly cursed me to assume metallic shape. Propitiated by me he relented and granted tie

Mdrkandeya who had

[13]
restoration of

my

original

form

after

two months during which

period I was to be the

In my trans* feet. formed condition I was picked up by Viras'ekhara, a Yidyadhara, and an ally of Darpasa'ra, who had promised to give him Avaritibinding
chain of your

The Vidyadhara intending to sundari as the price of his alliance. have a look at his intended wife visited Ujjayini and found her sleeping in your arms. Incensed at the sight he quickly passed me round
ed.

your feet hoping thereby to wreak vengeance on you and disappearTo-day the term of two months expired and I am free. Com-

mand me, oh
Just at the

Prince

Can
a

do

anything for you

Kajav&hana

sent her to his beloved t*

assure her of his

moment

killed by a thief, as he

sudden cry was taking the hand of Ambalikti and that

to catch him.

safety and liberation* arose that Chandavarman wa-

the thief had killed

many more who attempted

Now

or never was the time for Rajav&hana to effect his liberation. With one bound he got on the back of the elephant, threw down the
driver

and urged the animal towards the scene of strife, He recognised in the valiant thief his friend and companion Apah&ravarman. Their meeting though under extraordinary circumstances was joyful and very opportune. Together they fought and maintained
their position bravely until they

saw another army surround them. array approached them and bowing to Apah&ravannan told him that the army now arrived was that of the allies of the king of Anga whose inarch he had been sent

Now

a warrior in

battle

to

accelerate,

and awaited further orders.

Apaharavarmau

in-

troduced him to R&javahana as his trusted friend Dhanamitra and leaving him to dispose of the enemy's property and to release the

king of Anga, ApahHravarman and Eajavahana drew aside to have a confidential talk. As they were sitting on the sandy bank of the

Dhanamitra came accompanied by Upah&ravarrnau, y Artthapala, Pramati, Mitra-gupta, Vis ruta, Prahkravarman, the king of MithilH, Kiimapala, the king of K&s'i, and Simliavannan,
BhagirathS,

the king of Champa^

to receive

and bowed to the Prince.

The Prince

rose

greetings were over, R&jav&hana narrated to them at their request his own story as well as that of
after the first

them and

Somadatta and

of

venturer of the rest of the

curiosity

Pu&hpodbhava and desirous of knowing the adKumflra* directed them to satisfy his

m that respecfc.
He
said

Apaharavarman was the

;

first

to recount

his adventures,

Cfl AFTER VI.

STORY OF APAHA'KAVABMAN,

My
Anga,

lord, in

my

wanderings in search of your

Highness, I heard

that at a short distance from the city of

resided a sage
austerities.

religions

Champa, in the' country of who had acquired wonderful power by his Wishing to learn your tidings from him

to the place where 1 beheld a wild looking under the shade of a young mango tree, I asked *him where the sage Maricha was, when to my inquiry he thus

I directed

my

steps

ascetic sitting

replied :-

There was a sage so named formerly in this retirement. Once a courtesan's daughter, Kamamanjari by name, the

ornament of the capital of Anga> approached him, with pearly drops of tears bedecking her bosom, and sat down with a respectful bow. Close upon her heels came her mother and other relatives.

Moved
of

with compassion

the sage

asked the damsel the cause

disgusted with
the

her

grief.
'of this

She

pleasures

being world to which her elders

told

him

that

the

would "force her she

afflicted,

sought the feet

the sure
said

of his

reverence, the refuge of

and

means

of

salvation.

Her mother
sir,

interrupted her and

this

with

folded hands:It
is

Eevered

allow

your slave to

us, courtesans, when we speak have daughters, to cultivate their beauty and to give them such [Now this damsel, training as will fit them for our profession.

a word.

customary with

who has been

for

so

trained,

refuses to
rejected
affection

attend to the

duties

proper

her caste.

Having

admirers

who

were

men

of

on a young Brahmaixa whos hQadso^e form is his only fortune and has been, indulging her She has thus brought ruin on our passion at h$r own expense.
family*

fortune she has fixed her

she

left

for the

To-day I addressed her a word of admonition at wbM* forest in anger. Now, what is to become of xu

who ^epend upon her for maintenanc'. down a profusion of tears.

So 'saying she poured

Thereupon the sage pointed out to, the damsel the difficulties i j&th she wished to follow and advised her to obey her pother anci to discharge the duties proper for her station. To
of this she replied that
froiEE

he would refuse protection she would find it her thus obdurate the Finding recommended her motor ;i&d other relatives to leave her alone so that in a few days, a hermit's life, she herself would back to
if

flames.

!$

go

them*

[15]
the Muni.
ful

obeyed and returned home. The damsel was thus left alone with, In a few days the damsel, by her devotion, her grace-

and above

accomplishments, the elegance and sweetness of her address, all by her personal charms, made an impression, on

the Rshi's heart.

His admiration soon grew into passion. and forgetting

his

an opportunity

devotions,

the

sage

Seizing ex-

pressed to her his desire to know the sweets of Artha and Kama* She consented and ascending a car with especially the latter. him at her side returned home by the high road.

When
was

they reached

home they heard

that

the

Madana

festival

to be celebrated the next day.

In the morning the courtesan

bathed the sage, changed his ragged garments for gay ones, perfumed him and decked him with garlands of flowers and when he thus appeared to be a perfect votary of Ka'ma took him to the royal garden where the king was sitting with a number of damsels about
him.

The king asked the damsel to sit down with the sage. Sire, 1 Soon one of the ladies got up and addressed the king confess myself vanquished and to be the damsel's slave.' Expresthe king rewarded the sions of general applause arose and
*

As they returned damsel, whereupon, she rose with the sage to go. she bowed to the sage and said Sir, you are now at liberty to go
back to your penance or any where you
like.

The damsel who

addressed the king acknowledging herself as my slave once said while arguing with me that I boasted as if I had conquered your affections. I accepted the challenge and the condition was laid that

th

loser should be the

slave of

the

other.

And

I have
the

won

th

wager

by your favour'.

With

these words she left

Muni, who

returned to his solitary abode befooled and crest-fallen* sage, thus shamed by that girl, behold you, in me.

And
The

the

eye of

knowledge being opened again I have devoted myself to asceti* I shall b* practices with greater sscal and tenacity than before.
of assistance to in this city of

you

in a few days.

In the meantime do you %bid

Ohamp4.

it was sunset then I passed the night at the Muni's hfermiand getting up early in the morning proceeded to the city. tage As I passed a Jain convent I noticed, seated under an As'oka tree,

As

by the way
trickled

side,

down

his

a miserable-looking Jaina mendicant. asked I drew near and cheeks.

The tear* him the

eause of his grief.

called

He

fcold

me

that he was the son of a rich xner-

YaeujMta

nicknamed Vir&paka or the Ugly by tk*

who being caught into people on account of his bodily deformities the snares of Kamamanjari was reduced to utter poverty by tha
girl

and driven oat

of his

to a Jaina

mendicants'

life

mansion by her. He had therefore taken and bewailed his hapless lot in those

Moved to compassion I bade him to be patient and lonely shades. promised to endeavour to redeem his property. I then made for
Champa
frauds.

notorious

with the gamblers

in plcying,

for its rogues and gamblers. There associating I acquainted myself with all their tricks and One day I laughted'ata gamester who made a blunder

whereupon his partner, swelling with rage, challenged With the assent of the President I play in his stead. accepted the challenge and won from him an enormous sum of

me

to

money.
I played.

Vimardaka was the name of the gamester in whose behalf He became my friend and through him I became most

perfectly acquainted with the city.

One dark

night, as I returned

from one of
eyes

had now made that

my

robberies

for I

my profession-my

encountered a sudden

t-

allow her to pass and%auded over to me her casket of ornaments I pitied her and conducted her safe to her lover's house. I also handed over to fllm the casket of precious gems. Much aia ne marvel at this my conduct and overcome with gratitude fell at
-

son, Dhanamitr. was reduced to poverty by his prof nn liberality, her father had changed his mind and now wished to give her in marriage to another merchant of great opulence named p the hateful s to marriage which ff tt next day she had set oat under ?rf he cover of darkness and was then on her way to her lover's house. She then requested me to

blaze like a flash of lightning and on nearing the object I discovered a lovely maiden, in rich attire, advancing like the very presiding goddess of the city. Being questioned she told me that he was the daughter of Kuberadatta, a rich merchant of the city and bethrothed by him to a wealthy merchant's

by name.

But

as the latter

7?

"^

w Mow

I raised him and pressing him to my bosom asked him what course he meant to follow He told me that he intended to leave Champa that very night it would it be no safe for him to longer reside there with hi, bnde after I told him not ft do marriage. so but adrised him my plan . I then asked the damsel t d which she did. With
slave.

avowing himself to be thenceforth

my

feet

my

her assistance"'*,, "stot

[17]
everything in Kuberadatta's house except the earthen wares, and leaving the damsel managed to return home without detection.

The next morning we heard that Arthaf ati had sent some money
to Kuberadatta on hearing of the rohbery and that the marriage was put off for a month, I then advised Dhanamitra to procure

a fine leather bag and to circulate a report that he had obtained from a SlddJia a magic purse which yielded any sum he might
desire,

courtesans and that should

first

none but merchants and one wish to ben fit by it he must any restore whatever he might have obtained by unjust means to
it

that

favoured

with

its

bounties

and, also give away what he possesses to the I also instructed him to apply to the king for protection against its being stolen.
right

its

owner,

Brahmanas.

nothing daughter to Dhananiitra. It was also our intention to rain ArthapatL About this time I came to be acquainted with the fair Ragamanjarf, the younger sister of Kamamanjari, who at once fell in love with me. Her mother arid sister wanted money, while she was resolved to give up her profession and live with one who would wed her. I, therefore, promised Kamamanjari to steal Dhanamitra's magic bag for her provided he could thus secure the maiden. She agreed and I fulfilled my promise. Kamamanjari, blinded by avarice and wishing to make the bag yield treasm^restored his property to Virupuka and gave away all her beggings to the Brahmanas.

The plan exactty fulfilled my Kuberadatta hearexpectations. ing of the magic bag considered his intended son-in-law as
and gave
his

Dhanamitra who at
of

my instruction
purse

Kamamanjari's act and expressed to him his grave suspicion about what must be the probable cause of such liberality in so covetous a person. KHmamanjari was accordingly gammoned and was instructed by me to say, as the only means of escape from sure ruin, that the bag was received from Arthapah. He in consequence was disgracefully expelled the country and his property of it
confiscated,

now

had already informed the king of the theft

his

told

him

of

part

less

Kamamanjari.

Dhanamitra

of

being given to the luckcourse got back his purse.

One day, as misfortune *would have fell into the hands of it, I the pohce, while on one of my nocturnal excursions. I was taken to Kantaka, the magistrate and thrown into the prison I instructed S'rgalika, the oldnnrse of Raganianjari who was with

[18]
me, how to act and procure my release. Eow the old maid >eon~ toyed to form acquaintance with Ambalika, the king's daughter,

and made Kantaka, who had once been to the apartments of th She told him that should Princess, belieye that she loyed him. he procure some one to dig out a subterranean passage to the apartment of the Princess there was nothing to prevent his union
with her since she Kantaka longed so much for his company. in the power of passion, easily believed her being entirely story

F
I

an4

selected

me

for

the purpose,

condition

that

he set

me

free.

To

this

agreed to do his bidding on he apparently consented

If

|J
-'

really he wanted to put me again into irons. I, however, excavated the passage, but just as he extended his hand to me to help me through I pulled him down and killed, him. Through

though

Srgalika's

means I then entered the inner apartment and was

by
the

greatly

struck

beauty
eyes.

Princess revealed to

my

Not daring

which the person of the sleepingto wake her I wrote

down a stanza expressive

changed rings and
effected

of

wounded by

my admiration for her perusal, exmy escape,- but with a heart deeply

love.

After I came

Dhanamitra.
gained his

subterranean passage to the palace was stillopen to me and through Srgaiika I won the princess's affection. About this time Ohandavarman incensed at the refusal of his daughter by

The

I cheered Rdgamanjarf, and saw my friend saw sage Marfcha who had by this time resuperhuman knowledge. He told me of your approach.
I also

home

Simhavarman, attacked his territory. The latter was defeated and taken prisoner. The Princess too was seized and carried to the palace where the marriage was to be solemnised. I, too, made preparations for my marriage with the Princess at Dhanamitra's house. I sent him to quicken the advance of the allies and myself went to the palace. I killed Ohandavarman, and finding out the Princess calmed her agitation and made with her to this place. What ensusd yonr
Highness already knows.

Bajavahana, praised Apaharavarman for his exploits and bending his gaze upon Upaharavarraan said that it was his turn now to narrate his adventures. The latter with a bow thus obeyed,

CHAPTER

VII.

THE STORY OF UPAHA'HVARMAST.

Engaged in searching for your Highness I came to Videlia and rested myself at the door of a convent outside the city of Mitlrila,

me water for my feet. After eyeing me woman suddenly burst into tears, of which I desired to know the cause Her story revealed her to be my old nurse. She told me in pathetic terms how the throne of my father had been
There an old woman gave
for a while the

Yikatavarman and the other sons of his elder brother and how he and his queen were both thrown into the I comforted her and told her that I was the infant that prison, she said she had lost in the forest. I vowed to destroy Vikatavarman and to restore my father to liberty and power. I then
seised by S'arjkara

bedding.

entered the convent where the old nurse gave me food, drink and a I passed the night in meditating on the means of

accomplishing my object. I formed to myself a plan and when I rose the next morning I asked the old woman if she was acquainted
with the secrets of the

harem.

Just then

female appeared on

seeing whom the old woman said' Behold, dear daughjer, here is the younger son of our master, She was delighted to see me and

when

the

first

excitement
state of

caused by joy liad calmed down I enaffairs in

quired of her the

the palace.

She told me that

tho queen, whose name was Ivalpasunclari and who excelled even the nynihs of heaven in beauty, highly disliked her husband on account of his bad habits. This was information enough for me,
I

now explaind
to

to the

ladies

the plan I

had formulated and

asked them
to fan

take to the
of

the embers

queen garlands prepared by me and her resentment against her husband. My

employees, both mother and daughter, exerted themselves diligently to further my designs and told me after a few days that the

queens' heart was quite embittered against her husband, I th$n sent to her my portrait by them and they worked her tip so much
that she began to love me most passionately. sent me word to see her fixing the Mddhavi

One day the queen, bower in the royal

for repose

garden as our rendezvous.

As

I lay

down

that day

the thought that I sinned in intriguing with anothors* wife troubled me, but the noble and pious cause I had set myself about soon
dispelled

my

whole

of

During the scruples and 1 sank into deep slumber. the next day the god of lore plied me mercilessly with

[20]
liis

shafts and as soon as the shades of night closed upon the world There I put on dark garments and repaired to my assignation. waited until the gentle tread of feet made me aware of the queen's

approach. the queen

Ours was a very happy

thus

show my
ife

portrait

to your

I then instructed meeting. husband. Doubtless

he

will

acknowledge
tell

to be

him that you haye the cLarms and rites necessary

Then
to
|je

possessed of more than mortal beauty, learnt from a female mendicant

for the performance of a sacrifice, performed at night and alone, which will endow you with

a similar

form and the power

all

to

transfer

it

to him,

if

after

com-

municating
eyes bound;

his

secrets

to

you

he

will

embrace you with his

will

and that you

to see

will offer

the sacrifice in the royal garden

of his

where he
to this.

you as soon as you ring a bell. He Then tell him to take the previous consent
is

agree coun-

sellors to this, When all is ready myself in the bower of the garden.

let me know it and I will secret Come to me as soon as you

finish the sacrifice,

and leave the

rest to

me.

Highly pleased with my plan the queen departed and in a few The queen perdays all things happened as I had desired them. formed the sacrifice and saw me in the bower. her to wait
there.

I went and sat by the side The king entered and seemed for a
at the
of his

of

Telling the altar and rang the bell

to be lost in astonishI asked

moment

him to acknowmetamorphosis queen. ledge his secrets to me, which done, I slew him and hurled his bo4y into the blazing fire where it was soon reduced to ashes. I then cheered my mistress and came to the with her. Next mompalace ing I summoned my ministers to my presence and said With

ment

^
<
I

my

form I have also changed

my

nature,

and I now wish

to

make

amends for my past deeds. Let my uncle, therefore, be set free and restored to his sovereignty. Disposing of some other matters in a similar way I dismissed them. My orders were punctually and my parents were re-established on the throne. I then obeyed,
asked
they

my

old nurse to reveal

the

crowned

me

whole secret to them whereupon

Yuvaraj,

and

we

all

lived

in

happiness

rendered highly unpalatable by the

separation of

your

My
I

Highness.

aid being solicited by Simhavarman, his old friend, came here with him and became thus the cnjoyer of the blessed

father's

sight of your Highness.

.H^avahana, observing that his friend, 's single deviation from the path of rectitude had its excuse ia the lofty aims he had accomplished

"

'

[21]

CHAPTER
Started

VIII.

STOKY OF AETHAPA'LA.
tlie same mission as others I arrived at had bathed ia. the holy Maiukarnika and offered my homage to the Destroyer of Andhaka (S'iva), I saw a stout and strongly built man with his eyes red on account of constant weep-

on

where, after I

ingm I asked him the cause of his affliction and to tell nie if I He looking at me with great respect could be of any use to him. I am the son of a rich house-holder, Pfcrfiar thus told his story.

bhadra by name.

In

spite

of

my

father s

efforts to the contrary

and being once caught in the act of robthe house of a trader was sentenced to death. I was accordbing ingly taken to the palace gate where in the presence of the principal minister, Kanjagaja, a huge elephant was let loose upon me
amidst the clamonr of spectators.
frightening away efforts of the driver.
in
I,

I took to the life of a thief

however,

thrice succeeded

courage and
agreed and

animal, notwithstanding the best The minister was struck with my exceptional intrepidity and summoning me to his presence granted
if

the

me pardon and asked me

lie

would enter into his

seivice,

soon began to treat

me

as his friend.

One day

upon he said

I requested the minister to relate to me his story where: I am the son of IDharmapala, minister of R&ja-

hamsa, and younger brother of S'ns'ruta, by a different mother. Given to a loose life 1 disobeyed my elder brother and leaving my home came to this city, Kas'i. Here, one day, I saw Kantistruck by her
7 umti, the daughter of Chandasinaha, the king of Kas !, and being somehow effected a union with her. She beauty

The infant was cast off for fear of a soon had a son by me. but our secret was nevertbless betrayed and I fell a victim discovery
to the wrath of the king. I, however, made my escape from the hkud^ of the executioners. While wandering through a forest I saw a damsel of heaven whose countenance betrayed marlae of

inward sorrow". She adsanced towards me and with a bow invited me to sit with her at the foot of a Banian tree. She then thus
,

her atorv^r I am Tara val|f the daughter of Man iking of therY^shas. While onpe returning from the .!' .f^mA'^'ia.-- tEe;,,;,?lpinity of Kas'f, an infant

*e

'.who

took

me

into

the

S'agnafoi*
'

'^^tai^^m
'

I gathered that "^iB^ajWa).. irereone and the same

*4.

'

[
in
'different

22

]
*
;
-

^;.f >,'"...

^'ri'av-r

and BancLhumatf, Yinayavatf, ; ind|pdual Karitmiati were also tha same person when you were born as S'udraka, I was your wife named Aryad&sf, the daughter of a
births

cowherd and now born as

Taravali.

son was

born

to

me

Aryadasi who was treated with affection by Yinayarati and who was* again born to Ivanf.fmati in her present life. Having told this

much Kubera

directed me to take the child to the qtteeft of Kafahamsa. I acted accordingly and have now come to you my husband In more lives than one.
.

<r

she finished her storjr I embraced her and spent soiria time with her in a palace suddenly called into existence in tie forest by her, enjoying pleasures rare even in the heaven of Indra* One day I expressed to my u&w spouse my desire to be avenged on for the wrong done to me, upon which she trans-

When

Chaj^MmLa

planted inVtd the royal pakce.

in hand,

stood

before

the king,

swoixl

and placed at the head

when he tremblingly besought my pardon and offered ma both his daughter and kingdom. The wedding was celebrated with kingly pomp and I was exalted to the position of Yuvaruja
of state affair*.

Such was the story of the minister

my

one friend
elder

in

tins

worUL

the death of the old king aiul of his he set on the throne the
fire years of

On

ChaiklaglKwha, present king, Sirohaghosha, then a boy age and brought him up. The Prince, after he atto the

son

tained the years- of puberty listened tongued counsellors and conceived

insinuations

of

evil

enmity

The presence
his
life.

against
all

the

minister.

of
it

Taravali,

however,

defeated

Sow

schemes against

so happened that Tararah;

her feminine

jmlomj

Tar&rali being thus taken away charges have been publicly preferred against Kimapala and he is sentenced to have his eyes put out kit in such a manner that death shall ensue. I have therefore come here to put an ejjd to my life before evil betides

bemg rowed,

left

her lord.

The

fear

from

my

friend,

my father's misfortune. I told the stranger that I was the boy borne by the Yaksha'i daughter to queen Yasumatl Just as I spoke a cobra raised his head out of the wall. I at once secured him by the of

I was greatly

afflicted

on hearing of

tors
tdld

afid

*2d

to

him at once to hich was as

acquaint her with follows. I should drop the snake on cawing him to bite with auch restraint

my new friend that see my mother and

our object
to

power was gained,

my my

upon tli

venom
dead to

that
all

it

would not

kill

him although he would drop down

appearances. My mother then should express to the king her desire to accompany her husband in death and ask for his dead body. To this the king would gladly agree. She should then hare the body removed to her mansion where I would aee
her, restore

my

father to his senses

this

and we should
off.

all

be happily

united.

repaired to the place of execution and climbing up a tamarind tree hid myself in the branches. Everything happened as I had prearranged it

Hearing

mj

friend gladly set

I, too,

and as w^

all sat

together,

my

mother bathed me with tears

of

joy

and 1 then concerted a plan for the destruction of the tyrant who was greatly vexed and alarmed to hear of what had transpired. My father expected help from different quarters and awaited a favourable opportunity. I at last managed to effect
father

My

a subterranean passage to the royal chamber. The passage opened upon an underground chamber wherein I was surprised to find a

number

of damsel's of a beauty likely to make earth a paradise. There a certain maiden of surpassing loveliness, chasing away the darkness in the cavern with the splendour of her body and moving like a statue of burnished gold trembled at my sight like a young

sandal tree agitated by the Malaya breeze. To my inquiry a matronly laiy thus replied. Prince* the maiden you behold here, is Princess

ManikarnikS,

Her grand sire, daughter of Chandaghosha. Chandasimha, wishing to guard her against all the mischievous Twelve influences, appointed me her guardian and placed us here. years have elapsed since then and yet the king does not seem to remember us. It was the wish of her grandfather that the Princess
should be given in marriage to Darpasara, but as that wish does not seem likely to be fulfilled, it were better you wedded her ac-

cording to a secret agreement between your mother and hers* I told her that I should see them after transacting some business
in the palace

and taking a l&mp from her entered the royal apart4

ment.

There I found Simhaghosha asleep.

Darting upon him

I dragged

him

off before

the cavern and thence to

ters

he could cry for help and carried him to my residence. There I put him in fet-

and showed him a captive to

parents the incident of the

my

father,

I also

Communicated

to

my

cavern,

My

marriage with the

Princess was accordingly

celebrated

and having thus got a new

claim to the throne, we performed the functions of royalty.

Com-

ming

to the assistance of the

King

of

Anga

I liad the

good fortune

CM]
to see your
sins,

Highness. Let that Simbaghosha now expiate by bowing to your feet. Kajavahana praised his. valour _,. intellect and ordering Simbaghoslia to be set free, desired Prajaati *"~ to go on with his narrative. He bowed and thus obeyed.

CHAPTER
TBB STORT

IX.

OF PRAMATI.

*
in
all

My
I

lord,

wandering

in search of

your Highness

came to a

quarter*

lofty tree in

forest lining the skirts

of

the

mountain. Being benighted I determined to pass the night there. I prepared a bed of dry leaves and commending myself to the protection of the gnardian Dryad of the tree I lay down for repose. In a moment my limbs felt a touch of unearthly softness and a
sensation of

Vindhya

exquisite delight thrilled

arm too throbbed. Wondering what this eonld be I looked up and methonght I saw a white as
right

My

through

my

whole frame

Looking to the

the moon canopy I beheld a number of damsels in deep slumber' while fcotang to the right my eyes rested on a most lovely maiden'
left

resembling the goddess that bears a lotus, sleeping on a white couch Was she aa ethereal being? No. Her eyes were closed in sleep, and drops of perspiration bedecked her cheeks. Not daring to disturb her slumbers lest her cry might raise an alarm, I slept bj her person and awaited the result. I thought i^Jfcsttooelmgr she opened her ejes and surveyed me with the of
the strongest o them all! Abandoning her desire to call her attendants she moved to the iurthur part of the couch and remained watching TO e with half dosed ey^s till again I too felt the same influsleep overtook her. enee overpower me and when I awoke in the morning I found myself at fee foot ^tfeft same tree and lying on the same
last

astonishment, joy and love-the

feelings

fe%

fawwmg

whether

leafy

it

was a dream, or an
the

illusion

^K
9U
^

ete, I deterged to lie down there i a 1 should, bayathe mjstery unravelled.

or

same

position,

mg hke

Jast as f formed- this resolve, a one who ha<J snfifered the

fiAnrrk
:

woman

of celestial
.

mien, appear-

iyrftCftPnl

JL-J
>

paugs of separation, "* *V/V.<UM O * and looking , nn ^ u * appeared before me and having emafeeiaoa as I bel low

r-

boy^ I am,, th^

ra

pgarggfe. wjfe)^

ajs

ajMJi

wife, of

L25]
I
left

m. dream

my husband

^:^T^

in ager when a certain deinon 'append to and said that he Would abide in me for a

&ndI &m
r

year

8g&in -

Idid
-

^^

me Th

dear

I too, the victim of

On

Kama's shafts, at once set off for rny way I cazae to be acquainted with an old
Ife]tfati g ed

S'r
'

Brians
to
rest

m a sarden>

lay

down

at

Soon

of the

Pnncess.

o see

myBrShmana
between

1 asked her to wait for a few days

friend.

and
see
al

He was
the cause.

o soon

and enquired of

surprised

to

me

I told him
Princess
I
lf

psed assistance
h.

me and
I

tht

the friend of

W
fo"

the

which he readily promised.

shoul(I
disgui(se

and asktd
suggested

then

Wfcmng

plan.

aud profess to be his daughter. 8 * the g

;f

Then taking me with

earn 1 her dower.

selfto

n
.

to o

bnng

h,

But as he does not return, Iu the mean time I wish

,

ayn Ujjayini to
to

pt I wi,h
to place

under your Majesty's protection as she

edly cotnply W1 th .your request and

my

daughter

is

now

young

In the ensaing
the temple of

me over to his daughter you com. back and be jWguna fefirtikey* on the bank of the river where he in
make

Am*

pZrt^

.1*0
.-dive in
..dress*
,

mates of the royal apartments are sure to go to bathe. I will the river, swim to you and will appear in my masculine

You should then go to the king with me, as your son-in-law, and demand back your daughter. The king will find himself in a fix, and will try to passify you. You should pay no heed to what he says, but weeping pitiously should collect a pile of wood and threaten to burn yourself. The king in alarm will give his daughter to me and also a handsome dowry. The plan was put
,

into execution

and as the

result

obtained the hand of the

After a short time the king finding my fitness retired About this haying. entrusted the affairs of Government; to me. time Simhavarman solicited my aid and so I had the good fortune to see your Highness. B&javahana expressed his satisfaction at
Princess.
his friend s exploits
r

and ingenuity and cast his suggestive glance

understanding the sign thus began*

,at Mitragupta.

He

CHAPTER
'
.

X.

My lord,
-

the

THE STOEY OF MlTRAGUPTAj & same cause having induced me to undertake

came
to

journey as my other friends, I in the country of Sumha, where

I playing on his Vfnn. approached him and asked him what the festival was and also why he sat apart from the rest. He thus replied, Tnngadhanvan

gathered at a festival. I saw a young man diverting himself by

Dimalipta, I beheld a great crowd of men There in a bower of Atimitkta creepers

the

city

of

;v

i;
'<

1'

'.'*K

the king

of

Samba, obtained by the favour

of the goddess of

Vindhya, two children one, a son, the other, a daughter, It was ordained by the goddess that the former should a position Occupy dependent on the husband of the latter; that the daughter, from her seventh year to the time of her marriage, should her
every

month by playing

worship

at ball

in public,

marry any one whom she -should choose. on which the Princess comes to attend on the Her goddess. Chandrasend by name, is my beloved. She foster-sister, has however, been forcibly detained by the Prince. This is why I seek
day
Just at the moment a female, introduced by her -.t&Uteg. anklets, entered the bower. After mutual embracing* :V*ha youth introduced her to me as his beloved whose
this solitude.

and that she should To-day is one of the

Consumed him

separation After condoling with each other upon py condition they resolved to escape to some other I had
like
fire.

[27]
best.

I told

them that there was no lack

of

delightful

regions

on the face of the globe but that it was not impossible for them to be happy where they were, I also promised to show them the
'

"

way.'

rose
-

Just then the tinklings of anklets were heard and the damsel up in haste saying that her mistress, the; Princess Kanduka-

do honour to the goddess, and that she would vatf, to be present by her side. She also told me that a sight of ,go the Princess was allowed to every one at the time and that I should,
to

had arrived

make myself happy by

seated on the jewelled

it.

We

followed her and saw

the

Priifcess
heart.

throne.

She at once occupied

my

As

I gazed upon her with admiration meditating on her beauty she

rose gracefully,

bowed to the goddess and began her

sport.

Now

throwing the ball lightly on the ground and now beating it down again with her open hand as it rose, now tossing it from side to

and now keeping it fluttering in the air like a bird, sometimes driving it in a circle about her and looking as if she was confined in a flowery cage, at others urging it forth with great
side alternately velocity and bounding forward to catch it, did the Princess play amidst the applauses of the wondering crowd gathered round the She then closed the game and withdrew with her atpavilion.

without flinging a loveful and tendants, not however, Entirely in the power of love I readily glance at me'.
J;4|he invitation of Kos'adksa, my new friend, to be day and was treated by him very hospitably.
r .tfChandrasen4 came,
f

meaning

his

accepted gnest that

In the evening

bowed

to

me and

touching her husband's person

lovingly congratulated

me
who

on

my

Princess' she said, "has fallen

nicate
it

good fortune. 'The choice of the upon you. My mother will commuinform
the

to the queen,

will

king of

it.

He must
will.

give his consent to the marriage, for such is the divine

The

Prince then will be your dependant, and when the kingdom becomes yours, he will not be able to disturb oar happiness. You should only wait for three or four days." Having said so, she

took leave of me, embraced her lover and departed.

Koshadasa and

passed the night in discussing what the

probable result of the iu formation we had received might be, IsText rooming I went to the garden where I had seen the Princess.

There I met the Prince who treated

took

me

with great courtesy and

fell

me

with fiim to his tent.

As

I retired to rest I

into a

rio

from whi^li I

was roused by the rough grasp of sturdy

"1

found my&elE bound in M>n

y'ou'r' secant
!

fetters.

the Prince now

affection

said

'

tcHfce-450, Sfrrah, 'the 'closed

Princess has fixed her

on

you would restore Chandrasena to Kos'adasa Then turning to an attendant he ordered Mm to cast ma into the stea. The'brder was instantaneously obeyyou
;

I 'am to' be

and
:

'then

-<d*

Swimming my anns I luckily foitnd*a piece of board, upon which I remained floating until daybreak When I "noticed a tessel *t Borne distece. The crew were Yar&nas. They lifted We u^p and tobk me to the captain Banie^u byitdine, saying 'here is a felfofW^who Will water a thoiufitod vines in a few moments.* #ufet
;

with

at the

moment
many

a war-ship with a number of boats attached

us.

to

it

was observed bearing down upon

to see so

The
assail

'5T avatias
;

Were

iin

m^piamc

boats

advancing to

them.

Our

ship

was

Boon surrounded by them and the Yavanas were discomfited. I cheered them and told them -that I would route the enditiy if they would take of my chains. This done, I urged them to resume the attack and showering volleys of arrows upon the 'foe, I dispersed them. Then getting -on board the foremost we atship
fiercely

'tacked the crew

and took the captain

alive,

proved to be Prince

BMmadhan van.

who to my Sgreat wonder I made myself known to

him and asked him to mark the reverses caused by Destiny. strong gale then drove us to an island in the ocean where We anchored. Going in search of fresh water and fruits I came to a

lofty mountain.

and

on,

mit

Attracted by its beautiful scenery I passed on unmindful of the distance, till I found myself 'on its MmThere I found a beautiful lake. As I bathed in
it

^^ed,

!and

a Goblin, of hideous

aspect, presented himself

before

was and where I had come from. He bMg answered proposed to ask me some more questions saying that if I failed to answer them properly he wowld devour toe. I and the following were the questions and replies that passed Agreed between us. What is the most cruel of all ? Woman's

and asked

me menacingly who

me

f d-i householder?
related

.t

h ,

things

1S

ffcthat

contribufces

to

^e

benefit

The

and happiness
i*

virtues

of

a
is

wife.

What

true love?

the real

I^genmty.
-to

In illustration

him

means of achieving of what I said I

'the

Mlowing

stoti^s.

>%

T"
country of trigarta lived three brothers In

,^^
aLant
ci

TiV-T?.'
dried up and no corn could 1* had. Man had to eat man. At such a juncture when every thing eatable in the house had been consumed, the three brothers resolved to kill Dhumin! for the nest day's food. Her husband who loved his wife passiona' ely did not like to sacrifice her and escaped with her that very night. On the way he met with a maimed man whom out of pity he carried with him. They took their residence for some days a cave having a good supply of herbs and water as also good game in the As they regained health and vicinity. strength the passions of Dhumin! were excited and in the absence of her husband she expressed her desire to the cripple and forced him to comply with her request. Thereafter as her

Meanwhile Dhanyaka who was lifted out of the well by some travellers, also came to Avant! and was seen by Dhftmini. Thereupon she told the king that he was the man by whom her husband was mutilated so cruelly Dhanyaka was in consequence ordered to be He how put to death
ever, revealed the truth to the authorities

a well she pushed him over into it and came with the cripple to Avantt She gave ott that the man was her husband and became the object at pubhc worship on account of her conjugal fidelity. The king of the country too gave her a handsome maintenance.

husband was drawing water oufof

and

his statement

was

by the testimony of the

verified,

cripple.

The matter was

who being highly incensed, ordered the wicked woman to be punished as she deserved and received Dhanyaka into his favour. This prove* my first assertion. I shall now r,ekte x
'

reported to the king

*>

THE SIORY OF Gogif i.

'

'

.?''

;T<

awl taking with him a met with a good her **e had skill to serve him with food prepared oat of the Prastha of paddy he had. Some of the girls laughed while B reply. Thas waadering he came to a town on the e the Kftveri, where in a house a girl who bad lost her her parent, w brought to him by her aged nurse 81* qaBy b0t, and her pate bore signs of great fafc&J The merchant was captivated by her charms and proposed toh erh? a usual que s lon With a quick, wqsiaM gfenee at nuree the mailen received the grai^ froan Mm and respectfully asked hun to sit
.

tag OB th* disguise of

*" <******&$&, lived a merchant of ^J", nwMd S^aktisara. He was eighteen yean, old and being wagfe resoled to sfc Mt to pe* in search of a worthy spouse. Put

J^?^* ^

1'

fcrtaw

astrologer

&

down

S^^providedhiMwithwaterfort^feet.
rabbiDg
it

on

pwchaseit for cleaning their , earthea boU^ and twe aa4. wianowe.i the graia and washed j t
rf,
.

,;,;,.

130]

with water she set it to boil worshipping the hearth. "When the grains were properly swollen she extinguished the fire and sent the old
tlie coals and to purchase vegetables, ghee and other with the proceeds. When every thing was ready she asked necessaries the merchant to bathe aud when he had done so she served him with

woman

to sell

rice7

<lrink

condiments and other articles. And when he demanded water to she brought him a jug full of pure, cool water fragrant with

Patala flowers and

perfumed with sandal.

The merchant being

well

pleased espoused the girl and went home. There he left all his household affairs to her care and tasted in her company the joys of Paradise.

Hence

I said that a wife's virtues etc.

I shall

now

tell

you
"
;

THE STORY
'

'
'

'

OF KIMBAVATI.

f*v
"

;:^;

<;;

A,.

lived a millionaire
,
i

a town called Valabhi in the country of Saurashtra.*** In it who had a daughter Ratnavati byname. Balabhadra, a young merchant of Madhumatl, married her. She, however, through her childish innocense offended her husband by being indiffer-

There

is

ent to bis endearments,

*
'

and he conceived

so great a hatred

towards her

that he detested her very sight, vati and in a short time all his

He gave

her the nickname of Nimba-

relatives also

began

to despise her,

She finding her husband obdurate, pined in solitude not knowing what her future would be. One day me --ting with a female devotee she expressed to her her sad condition and exciting her sympathy asked her
aid in carrying out the following plan. 'My neighbour', she said, 'has a daughter Kanakavatt by name, who is of my age and nearly like

me in

person.

I will

go

to play

with her in

a-

splendid dress and stand

on the terrace of her house.

mansion.
I will then

You drop down

contrive to get husband to the a ball as .if through accident. Make

my

*"'*'"'

-^

-:

-v

;ftt

him hand over the ball to me whom he will take for Kanakavati* Having thus obtained a sight of me radiant with ornaments he will be enamoured of me the supposed Kanakavatt He will
f ten

our

years gone the Balabhadra who not only did not regret the deception but returned with her to his country to the joy of all. This* bears out my third statement. He then asked me to narrate
real fact

me to flee to a distant country and conspire with " will be effected The plan was executed and bavati lived in happiness with fcer husband. After were
union

thus

Nim-

was disclosed

to

THE STOEY OF^JTAMBAVATI.

thus began. chant of family
I

|V

"'

"**

deep on his heart. He learnt from the painter that her name ^Impression Hitambavati and that she was the wife of an aged merchant of Ujpafini, Hearing this and being enamoured of her he at once set tiff f&r Ujjayini, Assuming a mendicant's character he went to trie for begging alms and obtained i of the*

In the city of Maibtiura in Surasena, lived a* sad*-who led a loose life.. Once he saw in the possession of a foreign painter a picture of a female whose ciarms made a

*!

sight

lady;

[81]
He thought hei* to "be more fascinating than her picture. With a view t<y mature Ms plan he tried and becajrne tlie keeper of the cemetery. He' also secured the services of a SWriulnika (a Buddhist female' ifcendiThis woman lie one day sent to Nitairiba'va'ti with instructions cant). to skilfully broach the subject to her. She', however', was sent back witli a reproof; Hothirig discouraged he suggested tie following stratageni
1

to the woriian.

He

told hei to

go

to the merchant's

Wife and say

'That day I simply wished to try your virtue. Persons of my holy pfofe'ssion never seek to mislead women. I am much pleased by yoir conI only wish to see you a mother. But the evil influence of arcadverse planet must be previously counteracted. You should therefore cotfie with me to-night to a grove where I shall ask a Se'ef to be pre-

duct.

chant

will have to put your foot in his hand. And he will enThen returning houie and feigning anger stride' your husband on the breast with it.- The moment he will be free from the bad!
sent.

You

it.

influence and you will be blessed with a son." The unsuspecting Nitambavatt believed her story and c'ame to the grove. the maii

Now

while pretending to

touch her foot

took

off her

making a slight incimori into her thigh with liis The poor lady blaming herself for her folly came home and feigned sickness for a few days, Jrt the meantime the man brought the golcP
en anklet for Hale to Nitambavatl's ihwsband. He at once recognised it and asked him how he had obtained it* He said that he would tell
the whole in the presence of the merchant-guild. Accordingly he was taken before them when he &aid "The other day tit night I saw a

golden anklet and knife, quickly withdrew-

female dragging the half burnt fragments of a dead body from the funeral pile. In trying' to prevent her I made a cut at her thigh* In her hurry she dropped one of her anklets which 1 picked up. This is how I came by it." Nitambavatl was then considered a s'orcer&ss
repaired to the cemetery and

Overcome with shame she put an end to her life. She was, however, prevented from doing so by her lover, who, falling at her feet, explained to her the mystery. In her helpless condition
his

and turned out of

house by her husband.

tried

to

he acceded to his wishes.

Thus was

his ingenuity

rewarded.

The Brahmarakshasa when he heard

pleased with me. mixed with drops

these

narrations,

was well
sky
peafrla

Just then there

01

fell

before us from the

water. I looked

up and saw a demon bearing

to
free herself

away a damsel who was struggling

from his grasp.

As

I stood a helpless spectator

my

RS-ikshasa friend at once flew tip

and engaged the

1 caught her in

ia anger dropped down his load, arms and supported her fainting for a while* my Imagine my surprise when on observing her countenance I found I sprinkle 1 her vuth coo! water her to be my love KandukkvatL
ravisher,

who

*ni when sht recovered her sensee she recognised me and

told

me

132]

kW on faring of my

fate

she had

end wishing to pat att the meantime the two R&kshasats from that place by the demon. In and killed each other. I then took my beloved fought desperately Contrary winds drore us to the same to the ship and we set sail
iMmalipta.
their daughter
there,

to her

existence

gone to the pleasure garden but how she was carried ofi

On

landing I

learned

that
of their

the

the disappearance deeply afflicted by had gone to the bank of the

I hastened to

king and queen, son and the loss of

in

Ganga
their

order to die

them with the Prince and the Princess and

the* delighted

parents bestowed

upon me

daughter.

The

Prince too

willingly

became

my

subordinate.

Chandrasena too

was restored to Kos'adasa.

Coining to the succour of Simtoavarnmn

his story

Mantragupta which he thus

I enjoyed the pleasure of the sight of you, my royal master. As he concluded Rajav&hana praised his might and looking at with his eyes dilated with joy desired him to narrate

related*

CHAPTER
THE STORY OF
wandering in search of you after your dismountain-cave I arrived at the capital of Kalinga. appearance While lying fjown for rest at the foot of a tree near the public
Illustrious

Prince,

in the

stillness of eeitoetery I heard, in the

midnight

two

voices dolefully

Driven by curiosity I went in complaining against a magician. the direction of the voices and saw two imps, a male and a female. I Followed the male spirit who presented himself before a man
decked with the ornaments of bones and

with hair of golden hue,

The magician in devouring fire. ordered the goblin to fetch the Princess KanakalekhL No sooner ordered than done. The magician seizing by her tresses the Princess, half dead with terror raised his sword with the intent of killing her. Quick as I snatched the sw^rd
offering

who was
a stera

oblations

to a

voice,

thought
off

from the wretches'

expressed

grasp and struck

his

head.

The

gobliri

Ms

plagued him respectfully asked

nobfe aH aM.

great delight at being freed from a master who always with his cruel commands in and out of season and

me

I told him,

what recompense he should make me for so if he \\iahed to do me a serrice, to take

1

Pr5nee$%

back to the pa are at once. On hearing casting about a bewildered glance, while a soft

this the

sigh escaped
.this

%s>.said to

me

in a

musical
lo?e

& die la the depths of

yoice

Sir,

why

is

person

when thus rescued

frpna the .'tors*

[33]
to death,

ought

but a particle of dust of your feet and therefore If it be the fear of a discovery and its dreadful consequences no such fear need be entertained as all her attendants are faithful and perfectly attached to her.' I assented to
is

She

to be favoured.

her request but too readily, wounded as I already was by the shafts of the romd-boni god, and at the siguiiicar.ce of iny will the Spirit bore both of us to the royal where I resided for sometime pakce

sporting in the

company

of

my
days

beloved.
of

Once

in the
all

delightful

the

spring
to

went with

his household
forests

and servants

the delightful
in every

lining the

seashore,

the king of Kaluga pass a few days in There while engaged

kind of elegant sport the party was attacked and carried

flotilla, Jayasiiuha, the king of Andhra, coming in a that the Princess was taken a captive along with her
filled

oft

by

The news
parents

me

with

despair and
last J

of rescuing her.

At

met

long meditated on the mean* Brdhwana coming from Audhr*

I
first

who reported

that Jaya-simha had at

intended to

kill

Kardana,

the king of Kaliaga, but he changed his mind afterwards haying regard to the charms of Ivanakalekha; the Princess was possessed by a Yaksha who baffled the attempts of all magicians to expel

him and the king dared not approach her. Encouraged by this account I procured a conjurer's beard and his patched robe and
having collected a number of disciples went to Audhra, and established myself as a great Seer. Soon my fame reached the ears of
the king, as one possessed of universal knowledge and

miraculous

He saw me and repeated his visit every day until once respuctfully approaching me ho expressed to me his desiro to have his I stood fur a moment as II lost in contemobject accomplished, plation arid opening my eyes said It is but meet that your Highpower.

means
in

ness thinks of securing that maiden, the jewel of damsels, and the of obtaining universal sovereignty. The Yaksha, however*

powerful and cannot bear any one even so much as to see fcer, Wait, therefore, for three days and I will do what is necessary*''
in

The king departed

its
tlio

ecstatic

joy,
ail

The

interval

making au excavation
rays of the
setting

in

an

outer opening from view*

joining lake At the close

I employed in and took care to cover

of

the

third day, an

luminary were tinging the peaks of tins Western mountain the king came and stood before me with folded

hands,

fulfilled.

when I said to him Fortunately your desire is sure to be The lake has been so sanctified by me that after bathing

1-4

[34]
in
it

you

will at

once attain your object.

cleaned and examined by faithful servants. approval of your ministers and well-wishers

Have Then
and

it

therefore well

with the previous having stationed

guards at a distance of thirty yards from the late, enter It at midnight and remain floating on the water with breath suppressed as
long as yon. can*
your form will
to face
it.

H
i"

Just then a splashing sound will he heard for a moment and disappear* As soon as you come out of the* water

As

for myself I

be so changed tbat the Yaksha will not be able have tarried here already too long and

must go away now. I could not depart until I had done you some service/ The king expressed his regret at my intended departure but as my will was not to be^ disputed he went home to prepare
for his visit to the lake.

When

the opening

the king liad departed I secretly went and hid myself In made by me and remained waiting. At the appointed

hour he came and plunged into the water.

I Issued forth from

As

he floated on the water

my hiding place and approaching him from below dragged him down and killed him., I then emerged from water and the attendants were surprised at the King's supposed
transformation. Mounting the royal elephant I returned to the palace where I Jield a short council and then dismissed the ministers after giving them a few orders. Expresmg their astonishrneat at th
left

me.

transformation and wishing me a glorious future they Meeting with an old servant of my wife I introduced

medium ebeertd my wife. I then who bestowed his. daughter along liberty with his kingdom upon me. Thus ruling over the united kingdoms of Aadra Mid Kalmga I came to the aid of the king of Anga and
set the captive

myself to her and through her

king at

had the pleasure

unexpectedly,

of

meeting your Highness and

other f rknds

Bajav&hana complimented him on the success he? had attained -and looking at Yis'ruta with his lotus-like eyes directed him to v proceed with his account which he thus narrated.
*
!

'

"

CHAPTER
THE STOET OF

XII.
' '

-3-ti

.
,

'^'P~"*** YlsQagTA.

My lorJ,
YIndhya

forest a

I too, wandering in quest of your Highness, saw in the boy about eight years old weeping bitterly by

the side of a well.

As

soon as he saw

me

he begged

my

assistance
"
-,
'"...'.'
|

[35]
in piteous terms to rescue

an old
of

tumbled down into the

well.

rnaiij his only guardian, who liad I at once complied with his request

and helped the old man out

the well by

means

of creepers.

As

we three
thirst, I

sat

down

at the root of a tree after satisfying

hunger and

asked the old

man who

the boy was,

their

what relation he bore

to

him and what had occasioned

present distress,

He

thus

complied with of Vidarbha,

my

have heard of the country He king, Punyavarman by name, ruled over it.
request:

You must

of the Bhoja race, just, wise and accomplished, '& patron of learning, the protector of the people and the 'chastiscr of his foes. When he was reckoned amongst the immortals, Anantavarman his son succeeded him. Tins Prince though graced by

was an ornament

every excellence, neglected the science and the duties of government. One day, tlie old minister, Vasurakshita, who was held in high esteem,

by tho
graces
extent.
far as

late
oi

king counselled him as follows

"Priace,

as

for

the

the

mind

or of the

body, you possess them to the

nature, far
o'at-shines

fullest

Your
the fine

intellect,

quick by
the
of

others as

arts

and poetics are concernedstudy of Dandcvrifti

this

But not being

like

allowed free exercise in

s^fined in the
fire.

it is

exercise of

regal

knowledge power and his commands are treated with conleads to

Want

unfits a

gold not king for the

tempt

tion, all order is

This contempt of authority subverted and total

general demoralisa-

anarchy prevails-

therefore your attachment to

to politics

external accomplishments

Leave off and attend

and morals.*

On hearing this address the king-, saying 'your Excellency has counselled well, it sail be acted upon', entered the inner apartment*
There he Incidentally talked of the minister's advice. Hearing it Vih&rabhadra, the king's principal associate in pleasures, <a man of: wit and of licentious tongue, an adept in craft, a pilot of libertinism and a professor of
at considerable
all vicious arts, smiled jeeringly and spoke on the folly of too close an adherence tolength the injunctions of the S'astra, and of listening to the counsels of"

those audacious counsellors

who

really are

not the well-wishers of

designs*

*It is all easy the senses and speak subduing the a!x foes. But hare they done it themselves ? 3STo, Are not the learned easily taken in and the wise defeated in their schemes ? Is it not by the grace of God that you have royalty, youth and beauty,

the king but seek to accomplish their

for these wiao-acrea,' said he, 'to

own
of

jas

also a powerful

army

Why
tlje

then vex your mind with the cares

load of administration to those

of state,? JvoaviQ^ therefore

who

have your confidence, do you enjoy, in the company of the lovely damsels of the palace, the pleasures of life rendered more tasteful the convivial cup, Trhile the season by the song, the dance and
lasts"

}
;

j
1

The king approved

of this speech

and pursued

his palacial

amusements with greater zest than

ever.
'

The minister now found that not only was

but that he was deliberately disrespected.
of the king's fatnre
fall

Ins

He

advice neglected took a gloomy view

and knew
of

for

certain

that the
of

into the

hands

Yasantabhanu, the king

As'maka.

kingdom would But

*s he
their

was attached fo the Prince by ties that had long connected mutual ancestors he could not leave him but determined to
thinking
that
lie

continue in his service

might be

serviceable to

'

him when the occasion would

arise.

affairs in the kingdom was slowly minister had anticipated. The ruler and the ruled vied with each other as it were in dissoluteness and perThe king feet disorder and lawlessness prevailed in the kingdom.

In the meanwhile the state of

y
:
;
\

drifting to the crisis the

As'maka making common cause with the other enemies of the king attacked his territory, overthrew him and usurped the throne.
of

Yasurakshita, at this juncture contrived with the assistance of some old servants to save the lives of the young
faithful minister,

The

Bhaskaravannan, his younger sister Manjuvadini, and the qoeen, their mother, Yasuudhara', and retreated with tbena, but soon. The queen with her two children was taken to Mitradied of grief.
prince

'.

other mother.

varman, king of Mahishmati, and her late husband's brother by anHe formed an evil intention towards his sister-in-law,

bat was repulsed with reproof.

pldi against the
ly convey
life

^
"
|
:

Fearing that in revenge he might of the Prince the Queen requested me to secret-

as soon as
nay
-

him to some safe asylum and to let her know where we were we had found one. I set off with the Prince, and on
this forest

way came to

of tISe well for the

it."

Prince i lost

where trying to raise some water out my balance and tumbled down into

he had finished his story I asked him the family of the Queen and gathered from the information given by him that her

When
and

^
''-, ; I
\

fciother

my

father were

descended from a

I then introduced myself to there was a double motive for me to exert myself in the Prince's interest I vowed that I would not rest content until I had installed
grand father.

common maternal the old man and as

Ms

Just as I ended there appeared two deer a huntsman who had pursued them in vain. I took th$
father's place.

[37]
dead.

bow and the remaining two arrows from him and shot the animals One of them I gave to the hunter and with the flesh of the other we satisfied our appetite.
After we had finished our repast I asked the forester if he knew any news from Mahishmati. He told nae that he was just returning from that place and that the city was^ full jpf rejoicings on
account^ of JJie intended marriage of PpcJiaJ^J'a M,arman, brother of Hearing this I ChandaVarm'an, with the Eiincesps Mahjiivadini. said to the old man Mitrayarman, by thus acting well towards
:

'

'^flj'e

Princess wishes to gain the confidence of the prepare the wny for the destruction of the Prince.
be allowed.

See therefore

Queen and thus This must not the Queen and inform her of what has

chanced.

Give out, with the previous assent of the Queen, that the Prince was devoured by a tiger. Let her then show to Mitragupta
is

that she

willing to listen to his addresses.

And when

she

gains

his confidence let her rub her necklace with this

strike

to

him on the breast with it, saying, 'If my husband let this necklace be as a sword unto you/ Let her ihen wash it with water mixed with this drug and give it to her
daughter to wear.
purity of the Queen.

deadly poison, and I have ever been faithful

varman

to

The poison will kill him and will thus prove the She should then send word to Prachanda r come and take the kingdom with the Princess, In the
shall

meantime we
see the

come there disguised

in the cemetery.
tell

private thus^The Goddess dream and told me that the Yindhyavasini appeared Prince was still alive having been carried away by her in the form of a tigress to preserve him from harm. That on the fourth day Prachandavarman would die and on the fifth my son would be found in company with another youth in her temple on the bank That the youth would establish my son on the throne of the Reva.

Queen and stay the old ministers and

as Kapalika mendicants, Let her then call together

them

in

to

me

in a

and that I should bestow on him the hand

this,

of

the Princess,

L.efc-

however, be a profound secret until the predictions are fulfilled." The old man approved of my plan and committing his charge
to

my

care set off for Mali i shin a tL

My

instructions being fully carried out,

entered

the city with

JSTttli-

the Prince,

disguised

as

mendicants.

There I learnt from

jangha (so
being fully

was the old courtier called) that Prachandavarman confident of sovereignty was in the royal palace attended

by the bards.

Thus informed I

left

the

Prince iu an old tempto

outside the wall of the palace

seizing

and presenting myself before PraI pleased him with my feats. Then cbandavannan as a dancer an opportunity I thrust a dagger at him and killed him
Before any live a thousand years/ exclaiming 'may YasantabMnu could recover from their surprise and attempt to seize of Ms servants and having resumed me, I jumped over the wall, came to the temple

my

mendicant's dress

made

off

with the Prince to the cemetery.

At

the Queen and mid-Bight we put on the sumptuous dresses sent^us by hid ourselves IB a cavity that had to the temple of Durga going Having already been formed under the pedestal of the statue.
s

given orders for the celebration of the

obsequies

of

Prachandavar-

man, the Queen came to the temple the next morning accompanied by the ministers and the people and worshipping the goddess As the drums closed the door and withdrew to a certain distance. beat aloud I lifted up the image and issued forth with the Prince.
in its proper place I opend the door and addressed the crowd outside saying This Prince is received into her wondering Receive him as your lawful king and protection by the Goddess.

Besetting

it

dread,

her power,

am

appointed his guardian/

received us with acclamations of joy. I was made by the Queen with the hand of her daughter.

The people happy that day The PriBce was

I

thenceforth

known

as

A'ryaputra or the son of the Goddess.

the
state for

diieted the affairs of

him,

attending at the same

time to his political studies.

7 There was an old minister of ryaketu by name, Mitravaraan, wliom I knew to be a good man and well disposed to the Queen

being from the same country.

sistance.

I was anxious

to

secure his

as-

Having

therefore ascertained
into

friendly disposition I entered

through Nalijangha an intimate league with him

his

his

and attached him to our cause.

the different olicers of state

With

assistance I

appointed

\\

and governed the kingdom maintain ** B justice and religion within its boundaries. One day I thought fo myself* My servants are attached to me and the bravest of
tfeem are even ready to die in
sel

my

cause.
of

Why

not then try -to

Biaskaravarman on the throne

his

father?

The army of

$a& Mag- of As'naaka will offer little or no resistance as the Prince ^knowa to be under divine protection/ I then sent my emissae
OBae overtures, to the

^ the leading persons over

subjects of

Vasantabhanu and

to

my

he king of As'maka,

The measures and thinking that >&

side.

f-39]
would thus defeat our plans he attacked our army. remain quiet and rushed all alone upon
soldiers seeing this

I told our

Soldiers to

him.

His

remained

still

as

if

transfixed

with

wonder,

^^asantabhanu
then

advanced to meet

me

but I killed

^btjm^xffis

army

easily yielded and paid homage to Bhaslarav arm an acknowledging him to be their master. Tims were my efforts fully.

crowned with success.

given to

The kingdom

of

Prachandavarman was

me

in recognition of

my

services.

Then coming to the

with

help of Simhavarman I enjoyed the pleasure of meeting

jour

Highness,

When

these narrations

were over the Kiimams sent for Sonia-

datta as previously agreed and as

arrived messengers from

he came and joined them, there Rajahamsa with a letter which the Prince

received with a
all.

bow and read

of the

The news
afflicted

as follows : **My blessing upon you sudden disappearance of Rajahamsa and of

the resolution of the other

Kumaras

to

travel

in search of

him

Queen, and we had datermined to put deeply an end to our lives but were disuaded from our purpose by the sage Vamadeva who told us that we should see you all back again and
the

me and

That period having elapsed we in prosperity after sixteen years. went this day to see the sage who told us how you had all assembled
after

J^ v "at Qhampa
*

Bo"you

therefore start at

having subdued your foes and won kingdoms. once to see us. n In obedience to this

royal order the Kumaras set out for Pushpapura at once. to Ujjayiai they liberated Push podbhava from prison,

Coming
and took

After this the Kumaras possession of the kingdom of Malwa. came to Pushpapura and bowed to the feet of the King and Queen.

ITow the King with the approval

of the

sage

Vamadeva

distributed

among

the

Kumaras
of

the various

kingdoms they had won and him-

self retired

from public

united kingdoms

governed their with one accord enjoyed pleasures not world of Indra.

life, Bajavahana became the king of the Pushpapura and Ujjayint The Kumaras respective kingdoms with justice and always acting*

easily attainable

even in the

Having thns

briefly

sketched the contents

tibe

of

tihe

Das'athe

kuroaracliarita let us turn to

poet and his work.

Of

personal history of Dandin, sometimes called tlie reputed author of D^akiimarucliarita an

a treatise on

rhetorics,,

we know but

litde,

almost nothing.

Si

[40]

We can
tva

guess with some certainty that he was a Dakshiniprobably a native of Vidarbha, as he speaks proudly of the Mahirashtri language and praises the Vaidarbhi style
of writing in his Kavyadars'a; and further that he was not a

\Sanyasin as his name is likely to imply* but one on whom fortune smiled and who had drunk deep at the fountain of worldly pleasures, as appears from the concluding stanza

pf the Kavyadars'a and

courtesan

his life-like descriptions of

gambling

life and the sentiment of Spagara. /companies, He does not seem to be much acquainted with the southern He was probably a worshipper of Vishnu, parts of India.

as the introductory stanza of the

Das'akurnaracharita shows.

The next question is 'when did Dandin live?' Upon this point there is no external evidence of any cogency to be found* Traditions do, indeed, tell us that he was a contemporary
of Kalidasa, but on such no reliance can be placed unless they are supported by any historical evidence. Two of these

recorded in the Kavieharitra,

interesting to

we

will

mention here as too

be passed over.

Qnc_e Sarasvati, the

in the

Goddess of learning manifested herself form of a beautiful damsel playing with a ball, when

looking at her Dandin said-

It appears

as if there are three

balls
it

though there

is

really one

(when
*
tainty.
.

jest in contact with her

palm)

appears bright red being tinged

Cf.

Wilson The very name of the author suggests an uncerDandf properly designates a staff-bearer,' but is commonly

applted to a sect of religious mendicants, who profess to be the spiritual descendants of S'ankara A'charya, a reformer of the eighth century* and who are so termed because they carry a slender Danda or wand. Many of the order have been literary characters ; and it is not impossible that one of them may have amused his leisure with the

inventing

however inconsistent with his religious meditations, !3Si0 work would thus he that of a dandt, not of Dandi but it is not generally so considered, Dandi being ordinarily regirded, in this in^
stories in question,
;

stanee; at least, as

a proper name, and

associated

with the usual honor*

ary prefix;

ajr

Srri Dandi.

[41]
by the redness of the palm of that beautiful lady when fallen on the ground the same appears white by the lustre of the rays of her nails and when in the air it looks charmingly blue the rays darting from
;

by

her dark blue eyes.

Bhavabhiiti said
f*r
i

Indeed, Kanduka, I know thy heart. Though repeatedly beaten by the lotus-like hand of the lary and if ailing to the ground, thoii, being covetous of the contact of (wishing to kiss) the lower lip of the young lady, reboundest again and again

Kalidasa said.

TTRT qrwt:
The
lotus (from the braid of hair)
fell

11

at

the feet of the damsel to

implore her favour being as

if terrified

was again and again beaten with the hand through ager caused by its assuming the form of her breasts. This tradition represents the three poets as contemporaries.}* Another tradition runs thus. When once the rivalry between Dandin and Kalidasa rose to a high pitch, the Godit

when

saw

at its resemblance to her eyes

that the ball

dess of learning manifested herself and said ^n% At these words of the Goddess
''

Kalidasti
girl ?

grew wild and asked her

The Goddess
indeed
),

who am
*f

I then,

thou saucy
art

replied

r=r%srrf

^*Rn (Thou

niyself

As

torical

already remarked value in

On the contrary they serve to deepen the gloom, caused by the absence of history, that hangs over Sanskrit literature and thus to mislead many a well-meaning oriental scholar. The only purpose the two traditions mentioned above serve is that they show in what great esteem our poet was held by ancient Pandits. Let us now turn to the scanty evidence that may be drawn from the work itself,
works.

such traditions are not of any hisdetermining the chronology of Sanskrit

The

late Prof,
tlie

Wilson thinks that the author of the Das'.

latter part of
.....

^Mrished jn

the

eleventh century

or the

fi?lEart^LJiie tsydfih. century. He bases his conclusion on two points of internal evidence. He
lays great stress

1
I**]
n

on the mention of the f ace of Bhoja in the body of tlie of rare allusions to Yavanas* / work and secondly on the fact In the last of the narratives a king of the race of Bhoja is introduced wherein his grand father Punyavarman is spoken of in terms of high praise. This in his opinion implies the
-firstly

and as the special mention previous existence of king Bhoja, of the race is intended to be complimentary to the scions of
the same, ProfV

Wilson
ruled

infers that

Dandin flourished in the

of king Bhoja

time of one of the immediate

descendants

who, as he holds,
tury.

in

Next Prof. Wilson

the latter part of the tenth cennotes that no mention is made

of the Yavanas (by which term he understands the Mohammedans) except as merchants or navigators or pirates in which capacity the Arabs are likely to have been known to
-the

Hindus, before the establishment of the slaves of Mohammed at Delhi, but observes that the conclusion above

arrived at would not be incongruous with the priority of the author to the Mohammedan conquest,

surprising to find Prof. Wilson place, on the strength of such evidence, the composition of the Das', at the end of the eleventh century. The evidence is negative
it

Now

^-.r-

is

nature and the only valid conclusion that can be drawn from it is that the work was written before the Mohammedan
in
its

Again the meaning attached to the term Yavana be disputed. It was only after the Mohammedan inmay vasions that the word came to be applied to the Mohammedans. Philologists derive the word Yavana from 'Ionian/ It
conquest.
is

used in

contains

applied
"

many ancient Sanskrit works. The MaMbharata many instances of its use, in some of which it is to the degraded Hindu tribes. In the Baghuvams'a,
works it doubtlessly signifies some of the bordering tribes of North-

Mudrarakshasa and other

the Greeks or rather

western India.
lessor, therefore,
I

With all due deference to the learned Pro-* we must say that neither the mention of the
*

Bhoja race in complimentary terms nor the absence of alto the Yavanas warrant us in ^llusions arriving at the conclusippet, .which he arrives. For the^ Bhoja kings are also
'

*^

[
*!

%in wor^^suchas

the

Mahdbhi. and Bagh.)P w&gst

-4*

[43]
priority to the ientli century is unquestionable. appears that there were several kings called

Indeed,

it

Bhoja and it is doubtful which Bhoja and whose vam'm the author here alludes to. Prof. Wilson puts forth with that the
certainty

Bhoja here referred to flourished in the eleventh century but he does not state any grounds in support of this opinion.*
Further the general tenon r of composition points of internal, evidence are fatal to the

and

other

Dandin
does not

flourished in
fail to

mark

supposition %ifc eleventh century. p ro f. Wilson this when he says ln truth the perfect
the
c

preservation of the political divisions of central India, t the consistent delineation of manners

and

umnixedly Hindu

still earlier date, but that opposed by tradition. The style would not be incompatible with an earlier aera, as it is not more elaborate than

might warrant the attribution of a

this is

thiit

of Bhavabhitti.'

But

his

blind

belief in the tradition

which makes king Bhoja the patron of Dandin induced him to attach undue importance to the allusion to the Bhoja race aud hence his erroneous judgment. The tradition is taken from Bhojaprabandha of BullAlarais'ra which cannot claim

any

historical

value*

Bullulamis'ra

seems

to
all

be a very
the reputed

recent writer.

Ho

has

mentioned almost

they he has mentioned a number more of doubtful existence*

for

poets such, as Kilid&sa, Bhavabhtiti, Subandhn, Bana, Dandin &c* without the least regard to the times lived in, Aud

The composition therefore appears to have been written more amusement than for chronological accuracy*
* In a foot note the Prof,

himself
1

Bays

A,

Weber

hints at

the-

Dandi liavmg lived under an earlier Bhoja in the 8th century. Bee also F,-E, Ball's strictures on the above assertions in the Preface to his edition of the VleavadattH Calcutta: 1369, p. 19 fL and p. 9IL,by which Prof. "Weber's supposition ig raised -to certainty.
possibility of

"

f Further on he
names of
in the
cities

observes

and

principalities, of

The work presents a great number of which few vestiges, remain. They

are to be fonml, however, in the Furlnas, in the travels of the, Chinese fourth and sixth centuries, and in the records of the Rajput Mtatosj and no doubt define the political di visions of. the country which
wttbsisted

from a remote period

until the' subversion

.

of the whole by

the tide of

Mohammedan

invasion

[44,]

We,
tWse
have
*

for

ourselves

are

Inclined

to

support the view of

authorities
first

who

place

Dandin

in the 6th century ^

We

the sure evidence of style*

prose compositions,

Of J;he three romantic Das'akuma/acharita, Vasavadatta, and

Itadambarf, the

Das'.,, seems to be the earliest production* True that Dandin belonged to that school of winters who
C

recognised the principle 3fr^f: I* The quality of afNTPr which consists in

is

the

profuse use of
*

very %joiftpotmd epithets was one of the pioneers 'who introduced

the

life

of

Prose Kavya', but he

the

new style of of Subandhu and Bana, the respective style writing* authors of the other two works mentioned above, is more
The

artificial

critics to ascribe to their

j

and of that elaborate description which has induced works the denomination of Kavya* The style of Dandin is not often of a poetical elevation as he

does not aim to produce a work purely poetical but to offer an example of classical prose composition Written in a language simple, elegant and intelligible. Our author, as will

was

be easily seen, belonged to that period when Sanskrit style in the transitional state, from the simple to the complex

and elaborate one, His work bears more affinity to such works as the Panchatantra or Kathasaritsagar, than to Vasavadatta or Kadambari. The truth of our remarks will be
apparent on comparison
lived after Bana, his

tinge from the

[of Bijahainsa, iof prince Rajavahana

terse,
\

of the three works. Had Dandin work could not but have received some His description writings of his predecessors. of the Hero and Heroine, of the education

.that *

&c. could not have been so tame, and unornamental as it is. Hence we conclude our author must have lived before Subaudhil and Bana.

noticed, viz. the delineation of

The other two points of Internal evidence we have already manners and customs entirely

Hindu, the preservation of ancient political divisions of India and the want of any allusion to the invasions of the Mohammedans, The occurrence of certain and
thoughts,

expres-

*i&8 found in the works of Kalid&sa, shows that, that immorand not Bana and Subandhu, was the tat^aid, predecessor of oiir author. Further, the crooked policy initiated

by|

[45.]

by Kdmandaki is followed by ,"',.,' ,''>., and the att of thieving Almost uand that of gambling form 'part of the education of &ese Kumdras. The two facts coupled with that of the meiitiili * .,.', of Buddha mendicants point to tie conclusion that Dajirafb, must be placed in a period posterior to the author orile Mrcchakatika and anterior to BhavabMti and Vis^ls^tadatta. To investigate the matter further we have no .time at our disposal and the final settlement of this question 'we
fC/hanakya and T
'

f'

>'

,",

all

the

made use Kumaras

,

of

"

'.."'

,'1'

-,vri

of the Das'. ;

"

'

"

'

'

'

[i

'

j,-^

<

leave to antiquarians.
T^he late

Vishnu Krishna Ohiplunkar, (whose essay "Bh

advantage),

Bahdin.the "student Should read with

upbn
the

tK<3

similiarity of certain ideao and descriptions and derices of incidents and events mentioned in the

<3oiti6i-

narrative

jfiifth

ofMantragtipta in the seveath chapter of tte Das'., and ihb act rifthe MiilatimJidhava (such & the mention df tlie

cemetery and ghosts, of the murder of wicked $iddha$, &c;) our author must have lived a little before Bhavasays that
bhiiti or

must have been

His

contemporary

(in

which case

Sana's non-reference to his

late

name

is

also

explained).

THe

Dr. Peterson places Dandin in the eighth century- (the latest date that can be assigned to our author). For "m K&vy&dars'a II. 253, 259 he sees a reference to
rician

YAmana and
in

in II. 197
\\)

a reminiscence 'of

B&na
'It is

Kadambari

-%^"cJ

He

therefore

says

absolutely certain that he follows B&na, to the early part) of tibe seventh century ; and

who belongs
it is,

as I

I have shown, very probable that he is later than who belongs to the gigHth. Datidit is a writer of great merit and considerable

^
'litef at^r
]
I

attainments and on6 deservedly held in high esteerii !fhe following sloka embddies the Wtftai84''ofiF!teaia. * of the aaoRttft/Patedits about him': *rflr

by

&&

^f^

'

u
V4'lniiki, being ijornm this world th@ term 'poe.t' came into ox wtrfce V thereafter vyiisa 'gave it duality, and tHou 'baving flourished, oh Wsrfdto, ii teai^ttftfM plurality i(thoft *^rt the ydet of the
!

tlM

order).

1-5

pfc]
ffie 'ffie'gr&t
"

pbefe^dlidasa,
1

Bkria, ^rid
'

las 'erfect ^stejy'^fer'

.....

tfie

laiigtia^e^a^

fact tftfich* will

;

Be

wnte a and Ms'famV f

_

'

succe!ssiSh "of "sweet,

soli6roTis,

df nature 'arid a "descripfclfe p^ret fie is hafertS/to |!&s 'a lover of lie ftfee masters 'mffitioned'aBoy^Mt'ilie J>OW6V 6f

'

any

ne does not entirely lack. His description of iie meeting of Bajavatana and jivantlsundari, "Pra/matfs acoounfof the unknown 'Princess^ Kadukayati's play specimens of descriptive \ifc *$j& 'ball ifec. are very fine
description
first
,

c0mpcfi<m. Of

&e whole

collection the story of Apaharavar^J

man is, pirhaps

ih0 best beui

^6^

varied incidents*

^ lie 1^:

is "'written
"

'

'"

"Itfls '"generatiy

elegant^aid tinlfornily of "a

"

'forcible'"wlieTr e 'necessary,
it

md if^t
r

Tppfefic* elevation,
'

is

BSbffifle

HHe
'

-^

wrote'afe a period^'

wHibh" although 'not ^et ^h ^el^boraLte' atid artifibial style of -writing "had
tt
;

at"

file ''Bitnjile "a'rid

more elegant 'models ihat

* J

!l

as ile""work stands
its
I

it is fiiuTty to"

a certain eitent* as
r

'

general denouement. "In itJDa^Sm .j3'o^s notof a fertile brain qr^well^eyelop^^^^

'

Some
^

JJ^

indents are repeated and sometimes ^'told in nearly fee Another great defect is that tibe saiiae words. not teach a moral. And we cannot offer our criticism on M w
'

^*g^u*-,ww.*^**
,

'

^___

better:^TOxds than

Wilson who -says

'i*^
tHat ikviad^
before

lllio^Bi^fnigr Poffi^6y- a

suiai;
^
I

pii^^ y%^
divinities,
trot loose

uaaginary

principles

ad lax

-.

['47]
M'a^kal me&iitaihe-pietoe ddes -dot *wawt ^ome *relfeewfi% iftitoy ^Bfifl 4 the teoesi '*& Ascribed as" endowed with ttte|>ii^ an!d' MardiifW^d,
aiid implicit fali&'iuM&e'g&tfer $f o&c&lt* rifes
!
:

aM

tions.

With BrviolaWb devotedness to their friends and kindred, -BiadTwilti

t&nder ^d'fcenstant attachment to 'the objects of 'their affection, T tooth sexes .winch are -afforded to *the ycfeth : The
:

dpfreituiaitks

f
of*

forming fcfanexions are

of

remarkable

facility

afid the -afesiaee

any intimation that the bonds which are so easily contracted are to be considered of brief duration, gives' a character of respectability to the Tery infornml

nniens

which take place.

are of those classes
'

The^parties

however4

it ,nanst

be remembered,

4be regal
the

and military &mong whom marriage by mutual Gandharba "Yivala," is a recognised* legal compact.
i.

consent,

" .
.

>

^33a@ foimiracter'

of

tlie

hero,

is -free fropa any career that -can call a remonstrance to tibe Hps ffemg-in-Ms of even a rigid moralist. The ingenuity of the auter*ts een in the sudden introduction of -Uparharavarinan at a time

fee

last.

It

liowever, is well sustained to snch Memislies. There is no-

when Eajavahana
spares''Ms*te^ lW
.

stood in imminent
I
l

risk

of

life,

which

unprovoked mtirder. '*^d*tf: ^jayah ana "''(!rops^ in a \vonl or two in praise" even of hisr friends' exploits as they aro narrated to
;

Mm

it is simplj out of conrte3j; wheri.thej^de^erve -condemnation, not through Ms Approval of theai. And had the -author and;

work he wiDiild-have given us of Ms- hero's obaraeter.,

e
"

'en "passant 'againsi the ^iDas7 , give a pi^ erroneous rfoMon tiai lie stories of of'the state o'f the ftindu society" in general at the time of the author. "Noiihing can be more foolish or rather hazardous than to assert that perfect lawlessness and laxity of

^We^iffusiiiere'

warn our readers,

morals universally prevailed in tbe land of Bharata where a perfect -moral redikide -and charity have been -wfeed r ^fMere abdve feari%Hfeasures ff om '"tildes imto^ttid^aL is no society But' ha& its Section of Ihe class of 'people "pi?ntioned in -the^as',. -Now a word as to the Composition of ifie

w@A* ^OmeinVown wotk

it eDris, hegins as^abrmptly -as Prince and Prin<&fe#*alM% "*&, introducing thejeadex to^a
4

[48-3
-half told. -The private and- leaving tie story *>f Vis'ruta defects-are supplied by two writers of vastly different capa-

The 'P&rvapithika or introductory -portion -makes main work, if it does not equal it, ill Elegance and vigour, and appears to have been written. by<Qftie of *D^ndin*s disciples who must have allowed Ms
cities.

the: nearest -approach to the

to

be buried into oblivion out of

is

defereiicfe
It -is
-

&>

That Bandin
clear

not the anther

of
;

'qttife

from

its

style

which

is

Ar^

laboured anil ^hich be-#or cts.

T&fer-e
J

trays a conscious
also

search

for alliterative

fs

want of harmony in some of the incidents mentitfnecl. in the two parts. !f'he UttarapitUkd or supplement is far inferior to the other two parts. This is the work, according
to Prof.

Wilson, of a Mahratta Br&hmaia nkmed GhakrapShl* But from what the great scholar s^ys* $fcout this part th& one referred to by. him does not appear to be th
l

printed here..

the Das', is based on the and Calcutta, and the various readings Bombay noticed therein, as no Ms. beyond thosfe consulted for IBe abWe mentioned editions was procurable. In ihe commentary much that
pTintecT texts at
is

The

text of the present edition of

unnecessary
J

lias

been omitted while considerable other useful

m&ttet" has been added.

On

Sr. Vis'waaath S 7astri

Joshi,

enquiry I learnt from Sanskrit teacher at

my
tlie

High
work
pri^t

school that the

of the late
it

commentary on the Pur?apithik WES E. Godbole B. A. and got permission to from his son Mr. Vasudeo Mrayana Godbole, for which

Mr.

"H,

to him* I also acknowledge the help I have derivei frdm the works of Prof. Wilson, and the editors of the aiforeai&
effiticms,

am "thankful

'.
(JR) is

ft.

K.

onginaL

written in a style which aspires ;to sutpass that of tlie more laboriously constructed anS in coii? ^bre difficult of ih^pretafion, ft falls v^y f^S: ^hot
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NOTES.
P.
1.

Following the

common

practice of ancient
Iiis

writers

the

muhor who was

favourite
readers.
deity,

a Vaishnava pays

tribute of veneration

to his

at the

same time invoking a blessing on his

to the

He

also pays

homage

name

of

Dandin, the original

of the

writer of the Charita, as

shown by the conscious use

word ^3*

iu the various epithets occurring in the benedictory stanza.

o^-Hfu^:
universe,
originally

The meaning is that Vishnu is a name of Brahma, ^Vigll '.is here

the
It
of
'

is

main stay 01 the also and wa s

l

an epithet of Indra, being the god see our note on ^TH^T? at Rag. III. 88* ^PTf
TO^r<*"
polestaff,
ipslg,

infinite wisdom,;'

^
5j%

the

main jQaast.
u

o^pt^o^-

Vishnu's
;

foot

is

the
fff^T-

giver of victory to its worshippers.

ttf%$K*i

|%3fPRr

a^q

Sfi'^aw^

of

Trivikrama or Vanmna.

See bur note on the word at

of the

Bag. VII. 35.

exploits of three

Perhaps

in.

the

word ^ft^FT 'the result

the out-come

of the literary labours of three

men*' we have a reference to the present work, workmen. 5nv?<c^':destructive, rod.

the death^dealing,

The stanza

indicates the con-

qnest of the world by Ilajavahana, the hero of the work, and hid
final

triumph over

all his

enemies.

Trans:
bliss

May

the foot of Trivikrama

grant you eternal

which is the very destructive rod of the enemies of gods, which is the main stay of the Mundane egg, which is the stalk of the lotus 4he throne^ or home ) of Brahman, which is as it were the maiu-mast of the ship of the
the foot

eartb,|which serves as the

flag^df of

the

baimer-lik^

lieavenlywriver gliding along ( the sky ), which is the very axle of the fjnnament of stars, and which is, as if, the pillar

that

marks

(or,

proclaims) the victory over the three worlds.

Lit.

H^qi^Hl^r
model
of a

serving

as a touchstone,

hence the perfect

prosperous city.

t[p^

At

all

times

shows that the

[2]
fortunes of
fc^r^S^rrrT
Its

merchants were not subject to variation but constant,

i, e,

which served as a commentary on

adequately

ex-

plained, proclaimed,

^r^-iit';
its jewel mines.'

th6

mine

of jewels
all

the ocean,

KG called
It

being supposed to be the source of

kinds of jewels,
ancient

may

also

mean

tfTO

The

name

of

]>ehary extending as far as Kashmir or Punjab,

^tf^?

th

modern Patna; also

j^mer'ally

called

fTgHJT; see p. 125 infra;

the
ancient
capital of

but more

known
ote

as'

Putaliputra,

llagadha.

See

otfr

on Pat'aliputra, at Mild* p. 70,

ariny
is

^frt &c.

Tie enemy's
its

compared to the sea

ah' d is"

the heroic

warriors
'Kphant!s

moving, in

lines

are its heaving waves, the horses and

sharks and alligators

the king's afro the

t6

tW

Mountain Mandara.
jtinglc-handecJ, to
is

ife meaning
in

that
lift'

king

defeat the whole antfy of

enemies,

wa* Mi*, Hie idea

the

same 'as that expressed

Rag,

I.

19.

P. 2.

^^T^pT^RT
explains
Of.

the heavenly

courtesans,

the apsarastr.

ff?ror

^NrlK^ff^rHafqY Rag. VI. 77. ^r^^srj &c.

nd

also

why

it.

reached

Sanskrit poets compare

K])0tlcss,

untarniBhed f*meto white objects. Cf.

5ft

^^off

q*wr
PT

iirarPrar
^r
I

Bag. iv. 19.

ir^w

ifhrarra,,

^rrmm^rw

ik.

^^fff^

the loud litigh of S'iva

(at the

time of his vehe7

sBailes ? described Laughs by poets as 'white on account of the whitenes* of tke tetth probably displayed therein,

ment dance).

and

-~- nse4

only as the latter pnft

^ ~~

of a cotn{>,;

For 'the
'f

idea'

c/.

Bag. II;
e

8.

anrifthle
j

nn^

tlib

^peak 5 of

mount Merit
T?qrH'i Bhatti.
1

Q/l
I.'
'

7: f&cfefa

^ri*

7.

Ttev-etth

i8-pb8Hcajf- sprtlcW oF

as-

the ^vife

of

kfnfe- Cf,

*c; Mai;
f

I.

76,

way or

[3]
taking the-comp, will be fasr.

(adept In Vedic studies;

(the load of the knowledge of .the
*rrgrr?sr.

XII. 109)

^ % fM^ffffonftnr
knowledge)

special branches of

nent or excellent,

always shone

like

may mean 'emi.qualify ^c. sra^TsrT &c.~Tbe king ihemidda^sim* Mark the force of s?T?r* flip
Or.ftQic-

and

brilliancy of tbe king's pntttfpa wast constant,

not so that of the sun.

fentjfl

Tims he was superior to thejBun.

?F*ff3r

O/.

W& * s^Rtr
It
.

Kad..p. 12.

s^T?^

has no propriety here.

Is

added
;

..simply for

the sake of alliteration,

fi^^
'what
is

flawless,

without a

blemish,

a^q- (pot. p, of 35) means

not

fit

to be spoken,

what

Is

censurable.
%<%

Distinguish this from sjgjr, another pot. part,

derived from
3

^i^
i

spoken.
Sicl.

yrtm. ^.ftjU
5iRff
also

Kan. on amqtrsm?

^ ^TO^ff^f%
this

si

m piy

means

'what .ought not to be

^rr?r.l
I

ftV* 5^Rt 5.1

Pan. III. 1. lOl.

Ql

Ivum. III. 56.

used for tbe purpose of alliteration

(though defensible).
tf.

It

should ratber be &ffiu

L Like the earth.

But
1.

will be tautological, as the.

fgfT^r ft) same idea

has already occurred in

6 above.
f

^^rOPrr -Mark the SandhL

Jeads him to
its

^fft^cT
%?Rr.
whi<3h

Again the poet

s fondness for alliteration

use .a word which can only be taken in

We shall

metaphorical sense witk meet with several instances of the kind hereafter,
student

the critical

should

notice

for

himself.

^?r
The

construe this

with

^nRPT^

^H^^f
here
is

W^rfr hence aj^rr.

that

idea very beautifully expressed

Kama's ff.H^T^HT and

other accompaniments clung to her, the best of ladies, believing hat woman-kind enjoyed an exemption from a hostile
attack,
tf^rf:

>

goes with %^srn?" &c.

is

TfW^r^rtr
as
of

see

com.

Kama's bowstring
(

poetically

described
as formed

sometimes decked with

black
bees.

as here ) but
&'c.

more

often

Cf.

*^f*rg^rfj%r
R%3TcTT
1

infra p. 44;

aTfegf^r^^T^^T

15.

Also Rt.

VL

5Tf^ ^^1
is

Kum. IV.
deep-dark!

1.

The sense

-her

hair were

as

.brought in simply for anupr&sa. frf^nrcc*face cQOibined In Itself the beauty of the moon and .the lotus.
idea Islhe

ss bees.

^73^

same as

in

<

^ 1^ ^J^ 1%
1

Her The

g^PTrrr
\\

W
I.

vs&R:

J^um.

43.

CO
j.

This

is

necessary to account

for

the duality.
3^37 here.
*

qj

The

warrior. principal or chief

Mark
r

the meaning of
it

It usually

means

subordinate (opp. WR"), but here

means

sub-

ordinate to the master ''alone/

gentleness &c.
pecially that

*hi3TH

*{W3(^ ?T: suggests fragrance, saw. The sight of the pravctla (escauses

of the

mango

tree)

anguish in
ner red lower

the hearts of
lip.

pcopl

absei.t

on a journey, ^T^Tft*^*!
tJO.

Cf. ^rT^RT-

yTiOTcS^^IT*

Kum. Ill,
mark

"Sf^noW: &c.

A conch-shaptd

neck

t.

e\
isl

one a

little

tapering above and marked with three lines like a shell

of great beanty
like

considered a
fortune.

and regarded as the sign

coffer

of good]

Cf.

words
p.

^xywgr-

&c.

'T^p^fj"

see note

^n o^fgfot^H^fo
long,

44

infra,

^fg
1-y

the

arms

were tender and

o^fpr

Lit. connected

the

same navel, uterine (sRpff

or like.

hence closely related

supra,

to,

similar
.is

See note on
of beauty.

round and deep navel

<Src.

mark

Cf.
^rf^t-

Rag. VI. 52.

p.

^i^rrr^rfapT:

Meg.
its

Kad.

281.

^^HL?!^

e.

wheel.

-Because the Jaghana which formed the car of

kindles

Kama
^^r*

maddening passion

(irresistible to

ordinary ascetics)*
victory.
e.

ftF*T

a pillar erected in order to

commemorate a

The

pillars of victory
j

which are found in ihis Presidency,

g. at

Ka-

and Siddhapura and which belong to the times of the

dynasty of Anhilpur Pathan, consist of two carved columns united by a Toraua.' Buhler. *% Thighs tapering and plump like the trunk of the plantain tree are regarded as a

^%

mark

of

beanty,
"

Cf.

&%*:

Hng. VI.

Sis.

VIIL
^p ^

19.

&x).

These

are;

^R^^f% ^
1

sre*.f&3T[ |1

They are sometimes

differently

$:--aKJ^
.TMs shows that she
7
I

ws

in

budding youth,

Cf. zj^ffft

PT^H

S ik.Ll9 r C?/; with the highly

poetical description

e at p.p. 42-4 5,

describing the beauty of

A vanti-sundar!

where almost

yyj^-.is

the ideas and exj ressions occurring herein recur. the tesid^ic^ of Indra. Andaruyati,
all

^^^

[5]
(I) fondle.
1

with endless enjoyments

(2) borne

ot his hoods

fyy

Ananta

(S'esha).

Very obedient
the wishes
of
their

/.

e.

always acting in conformity with

contributed to the .wealth
tfrT

lord

such as
Cf.
i

and

prosperity of the kingdom.

JErftfl^:
I

fl^FgHJ ff JftS

^^HF^f *f
deep

Kir.

I. 5.

*frO$i'*P rr

<>

Who

on account

of their

political insight

disposed of with

little difficulty

matters likely to

require the serious attention even of Brhaspaii.

r &<*

The seven sons

will

of the three minis-

ters mentioned here

have each a son as

be discovered

as the

narrative develops

and thus furnish seven

of the

Kwnaras who form

the subject

of the story.

See introduction.
1

3T?/TT

(a multitude)

^rfr

OT"irar^TdL

MFC13H
is

tne sea -

the elder

brother

meant here
for
'

Sumitra.

See p.

125.

!pr---is

euphemism
com.;

when they
take

werejdeaj,,*
3 Tn ir ^n%

See
a (battles) %: as

better

'etf^rmfq-

^P^rrlf

Bah. qualifying tPP^.

Such a description
(?r^^)
it

of the

rdjanyas contributes to the exaltation

king.
Jfffrf-cjis

of the

glory of the
*rfTJpf-

a faulty comp.;

should be

lis

particular conip.

may

be defended, as Buhler suggests, uy explain'

ing

it

as JTf^rPT

(Tt ^fff

cTFR")

sTr^TTR"

weapons giving greatness

farfetched.

or glory/
the

But

this will be

doubtless

The author

of

Purvapithika,
does
will

though having an excellent command over the

a
critical

language,

not appear to have been

student of

grammar, as
Pns'fl"**

be seen from his using such

p.

12 ^f^f^TT p. SO &c. and the promiscuous use of the

compounds as Hf^. two

p. 10.

padas

in a few places.
^RTrirfa.

See our note on qffSPi

aff.

STWC
lit.

The
;

TRT

is

added

in the sense

of

7ir^ftF7 J

a voracious eater

here metapliorically " who habitually com-)

^^IFr^riT
?^ir.

mitted .havoe in battles," a g^^JJ^Ilisif

-may
his

also be

taken as

eg?^

^TPf

pride, HIT:
*

(power) ^

According to the
in

com. the meaning

pride
his
*. e.

is

whose power simply lay

excessive

who was a
^fficf

vain, boaster, or

who

derived his strength from

L*

power,

(h.

^^

derived

from s<^ and f) humbled,

[6]
put down.
sod. en
"Of.

^niftfrrff'^^"" further on.

and

violent

+3^0
quarters,

The sndden hearing

of a loud noise.

Who were smitten

lephants
of

with great terror &c. ^f

the

f^g^p^throwmg

into

agitation v

reatly taxing.

P.

5.

T^'j^y

Consisting of the fonr elements viz,

elephants,

horses (cavalrj),charriot-warriors, and foot-men(infantry). ^ff^

to be used here in the sense of a great passion for,

seems

ambition. Cf. the

'furor*.

English

rage

as

in

*a

rage for writing' &e.

and Latin

an elephant, used for fef for the sake of alliteration. embodied, incarnate. ^TH^ : w ^h a determined purpose,

^T;

is

without
'Cf,

force.

^r^RpfNT^
VII. 43.

This

idea

is

common

enough.

Mud. V.

23, Bag.

gf5ar*fgpfo-~ When ever

a fight goes on, the

nymphs

of "heaven

are supposed

to"

gather in heaven and watch the course of events on

in order to choose a

tfee foatfele-field

lover

from

among

the

fallen

warriors

who

also are supposed to

loe.
.

assume a divine form.

Cf

Bag.

VIL

53,

and the notes ad

is

The cloud
nuptial

of

dust over-lmigmg
tlie

the battle-field
apsarases.

compared to a

mand&p screening
1

sky.

in the air or es^rfTc? thickly spread. ffrt^T^^IR Almara gives g^c?r as a synonym of sky. This must be con.-

strated with f^ipr &c, ; which deafened all space with

the roll of its

region.
^j^TT-

drums that surpassed

T5

all

other sounds in the aerial

frTT^fltf

see

coin,
:

and Gr.
'

258.
^

'^ff^irrt

iTamul.
it

^^EL^J:^?3^^,fCfT^
for its object
p.

^^ie

amn l
;

^is

used when

has!

used ag an upapada

Pan. III. 4,

86.

SeoJ

1S6 mfra y com.

not subject to* another rule
;

\ e.
1

who was tho

Bag.
I.

monarch.

Cf.

STH'-^^iHqf^ ^rw%*3nPT^

SO,

P.

K
(

%%!T

^S-23f2[^y
far surpassed )
oatfe<i

roeans of or through,

appropriate la connection with the

q&.

^r

despised

i*.

S.

Indra by reason of his wealth.

'tue

f^gj^-Also

gj^ggf^rf or

partfog bf

tlie

h&ir,

18

OHQ

of tlie twelve ceremonies

>f0drfck or sixth"

mentioned by

Manu and

performed

in-

th*

month
c.

6f

a woman's pregnancy.

having recognised him to be one of his spies

under disguise,
of every kind.

^fnt^r

under disguise.

^^fsntT

information

P.

7.
:

BT^rrrFST
lii's

-^ n obstacle.

5ERTra

a battle.

spS^TH^*
may mean *f <f F=h n*
;

-^*

heart being the target or "mark of

desdespair; full of

pair; or feeling
full of cruel

ashamed,
e.

^fcf^^n

inappropriate. 'It

thoughts L

desirous of taking vengeance.

The

celebrated temple of S'iva at Ujjain

"It is

(one

of the twelve

Jyo-

tirlirigas ).

immortalised by KMidasa in his Meghaduta.

pre-eminence.

^ffc

-^fi"

indicates

3{f?W
'arafs^

An

antagonists
);

warrior or warrior on the opposite side ( Pradi Sanaa.

flifcf srfcT

??git^itq^l
sable.
;

iTRg^r- to
cf.

attack,

im proper, unadvi-

For the alliteration

^rTOt^Trf *F$ &c. Sis. II. 70. WrjC*cf.

H^i

Bent or resolved 6n fighting;

sffSi|*t^:

Mud.

II. 13.

l^or'the dropping of the nasal, see com. p. 180.

'ble to.
ijys'jrt

^f^f^

iilacce^'si?

^liereditary force

(whose -loyalty was uhquesstioiiable ).

'P.

8.

^battle

itotooftils ffft^i^t^q-^o-^Jwhb equalled the lord Of account of ) his- steady use tnarted by ( or, graceful on

m
of

'va'rious oti

weapons.

3^rtifW8.

The enemy
m. reins.

of Tripura,

Siva; see note

f%jr

Mud.

,p.

iRf

Hr^T

&&**, prosporoufe,

P.

9.

^T^fpfj^r^FT
*
is

is

used very appropriately

6f.
;

"liere.

used in a fdtufe sense hefe;

uneasy.

^%H[^T:

p.

28.

f%:TO^-fcay

itsb 'be taken as

au

'adV.;
f

,.-'

which Syas as

it

were the line of deatk

* *

The

simile

is

Skeri from palmistry. The line of death stands nearly vertically Buhler. on the line of life, which crosses the hand horizontally'.

P. iO.

TriWft 4
5

Who

her voice surby the sweet music of

excessive.
-

pa ssecr(lit.niade 'disagreeble)the'cuck6o. B^-great, at ohoe, The word is appropriate as the joy takes its rise all

*
I

4
[8]
c>

The

idea

is

common enough;
Rag.
flower;
I

c/1 q

II. 1$; also 78.

f^T^C
audible;
cf*

P r P erl J

means expanding as a
*

hence loud,

^f
i"

4tf

Nai, II, 5.
occurs

4'fH^R"
as the

SfR

the
of

sense of

a multitude

generally

second member

a compound,

P. 11.
healed.

^^H"
<f jprrrstrfT

quickly.

f^jjfl(^p|Ui;

who had

his

wounds

P- participles are often

used abstractively.

oTpT3Fnf*raf

The

repetition shows excess.

-

*itffT ehfT-Hf
I

who was

possessed of \visdom..%^r
I1.2&. Hrti^HIHr
lightning.

Wf?ni":

0/1

Mud.

iff%?ntt% &c.

shining like

i. e.

resembling. rffeW^T

a Hash of
7

?n:^?^ king a remote ancestor of R:ima.

The consolation
-"

of the

sokr
1
1

race,

son of Tris anku and

or excessive pain.
is
^
'
.

g:^"^ ^}

crucial

^WJffl%
will of
f*> :U

that the present misery

-

due to the
4
k

providence and
fer,
:",'';>

nofc to any personal fault. !.^ **^ '.->,-.'.A,^..v... c ,,,; ,,-.,,'.

t
,

^
......

'

P. 12.

f^f FRT*nFt

&c.

With

this

thought (or intention),

hare come to your reverence devoted to contemplative exercise or

asceticism.

?^^-^H
rites

ISTotice the

comp. ending; see com.

Trfcfis

^fernC "The

attendant on a child's birth.

of a child

The

^firnrif

ceremony performed at the birth

is separated.

when the umbilical-cord\

I

It consists in touching the infant's tongue three times

with ghee with

the proper Mantras.

^iM-lg^r
it

The

original

reading

is

iff^pT^Tr hut we have rejected

as incorrect; see note on

p- *.

P. IS.

qc^fcr

r goes with *n zr.

T^T

means here

feeHn^jo^^

^
'

JWF
engaged

the assembly of the gods,

p Mfc about himself,

ar^J^T
bloody,
of his order'

stflrr v. I.

suggested by the late Prof.

Taranuth.

^rf^

ft^t

srnm
appear

&$%
to

r.

/.

'having

<\
!

fled in defiance

does not

be

original, as

!
'

S^Wn l>y
P^ 14.
*f the

the next line,

tpsfar

by virtue of

his merit.
'

%^.-f(7

An army of

mountaineer?.

The descendants'
Sanskrit
'

ffaaaram

probably the Suras of modern India.

poets are not very pariicrjar about

the names

of

the' aboriginal

[9]
tribes.

Below

p. 15.

I.

4)

live

same people are

( p.

called Kira'tas

and (p. 16.1. 11.) Savaras, while

captured Upaharavarraan are
T-

104.) the robbers

Buhler.
or

who

named

BJiillas\

Being

forcibly

attacked

hard

The

ladies of

whose harem were protected (safely

pressed. escor-

ted) by. *Tf rPlfn?-

Who

encountered a serious calamity BTFSITg

Of. infra, Upaliaravarman's Charita, p.
of a

To

devour. q'ffi'^qTfir &<*

102. ^rPT3>fsr^
belly.

The carcass
furious,

brown cow.

Sfrf^T

Cavity under

(lie

5T^4

ul

raging.

q[n^3-?!'
its

kind of

bow
the

wi h a mechanical contrivance at one of

string and letting off the arrow,

ends for tightening

a shepherd.
fate.

fffeonrn*

BTTPT^rr-

~l^f

ignorant of her whereabouts or of her

P. 15.

^^g^rrgT
"*"

scion of his race.

Tr^p-j"

such as they
ff

obtained over the

king of Videha.
derivation
of the

^fc^FtT"
word comp.
BTHirStSf

wishing to offer.

q^^Hnf
a

fHH
such cases
fours;
is

Bat.

U.

3.

poniard.

used as a diuiinutive.
with
I*

3f^v^R%:
the com. takes

running
it.

on

all

may go
v*

qBRHR w as
f r<

>m the

freq. base.

Wfadi*T

Who
The
resi-

missed or lost
P. 16.

my

way.

OT^rc

appliances,

BT^Crfr^sr

Lessening or softening.
^TTFiFft

HWvT

dence of S'abaras or the mountain tribes.

plimentary term.
her arms.

used as a

com-

See com.

xjq^rfr^

fondled,

fondly borne in

^-The hut
.useless

of.

HH'M^mffiijtr: a shepherd* ^T*ffFfr-if

his

Endowed

with princely qualities.

q^T
been

For

force

would

hastr*

and agninst

P, 17.
of
'

%nfVV4'=H
is

*By this term prtAaitfy Zanzibar or

1 1

tlie

coast

Arabia

meant*, Buhler.

^^^^f^J-^a merchant.

-;

With

a rich dowery.

TSTT^f

The

beautiful -limbed

ldv

lit.

with

j
I

symmetrical limbs.
appointed.
%f?rr

!H^ -a
of

ship.

SR^f^T

billows,
p.

^*fpr^:
travails

see his recovery

mentioned at

35.
fJT^I ***]

.!

The

chill-birth.

ir^T^^fRT^

^f2T

cr?sp53T4

^^5T4

cf^RH-

or

^^

^&W{
I

T^^FHt thick or dense!

shade, by

OTr^r^^THTf^r^rW^rn^Rr^

Pan- II, 4,25,

.[10]
P. 18.
in

3TST*T?*T1WC.

Leading

to the country.

an unconscious state.

STf^RTresult.

took to
3Rv?Ji?%

her heels, ran away.

a lion.

^NnTFr:
With

Awaiting the

H?Pit

_
it

a terrible or prodigious spring,

^fr^f^
its

mistaking

for a ripe fruit.

<K<4n<43r

as he was found to be something

else

than a

Fruit,

^FH^JUJ vitriol
f%%sf

on 'account of
having informed,

innate vitality or
vpf is

power

of endurance.

sjp^y

added

P. 19.
with

/&U434(|"3r

rhaving

explained in detail,

my

eyes sealed a

by sleep;
of the

under the deep influence

of

sleep.

^3i*r*$tr

woman

Yaksha

class.

.o^r^r

^P^t
f^prwith

Knbera.
ffcft Rlfl

^ft^^ictxv*u*l

That be should attend upon,

uesd for alliteration,

expanded or dilated through astonishment.

eyes.

^Sjff
g;^n:

fascinating
^raRtlfR;

*f%^f^
'splendour

who had obtained

the glory of the gods; goes with

or
lustre
1

or

gftjfr

may mean

and
I

.then

the

qualify fTflt C/. for the idea

BTWPjRr
shame,

qrft%
far

Kag. IX.

P,

,20.

ppff%cf

put to

surpassed.

having announced. SRTtrr

A wer in
to
ta ^e

the south of India, see Bag.

IV. 45.

f^ftfNFT*

^^ e

out or extricate the dart of

sorrow from her (heart),

srs^re

Brahmaaas

for their

maintenance.
":
{

The
m^T'7

royal

grant of land to

!^^ H^

f^T%

^rsf^Rft^

iNilakantha.

Also a

village

so granted.

mark the Sanskrit

her.
ff^%i||-||rf

construction;

he liad a son by
river.

home

by the current of the

Iier

Virulence, malignity.

^"S^STcyf^fr^T^r^rr

whole body inflamed

by the burning poison. P. 21.

^
*

fwsw^E^fT
residence.

The working

or effect of the poison,

tj-f

j-

Consigning the body to

fire.
i.

3T5TRT

Forlorn,

helpless.

^fpT^T

^frT

having named him Soma-

datta.

rf^gr- who

practised riding,

^f^o

isfa the ceremony!

|

of tonsure or catting off all the hair

on the head of a child except

performed in the third

one lock on the crown which

is

generally

[11]
year.
;tlie

ST^l^T

investiture witli

the

sacred threact, performed

11$

eleventh year in the case" of Kshatriyas;

See As'v; Or,

acquaintance

Sii.

14

17;

and 19 eeqq<
arts',

^r^^^fr

&c.

A
arts

general
6!

wife'

tile different

and almost every branch

knowledge, as well as

a thorough knowledge 6? the fine

formed' in ancient days the

ne^eigaVy qualification for the Yuvtirafja

who was being

is

trained to

take part in the responsible

Cf. the similar training
received at

task, of

government along

wit'h his father;

which Chandrapldu

described

to have

Kud.

p. 125.: also Rag. III. 29, 80.

The
|E

six subsidiary
is

works

( for their

names
tire

see corn,

) the'

of which

indispensably necessary for

proper

iiiteipre-*

and understanding* of tne Veda.

narrative or episode. Bjr^tf^fcn*
Sf^qy-^

a?f4|qf^cff

short

a contiimoiis narrative or story

aiid our notes

a romance. See

Kad.

p.

14

ad

lac,

3%p T^Tat
3

The whole body of the Purltnas!, ^J^" proficiency in. The codes of law, religious and secnlarl ^j$f grain mar* ^frftiRT
-

astronomy and astrology,

tT%
.

logic.

?ff?ir^T

comprises the
chiefly
ritual

two systems
itself

tTfTffo

and

^Tfr'ft"

The former
the

concerns

with the correct

all

interpretation' of

Vedic

and the

settlement of

dubious points in regard to Yedic texts.

nature of

The
and

latter discusses the

Brahtnan or the Supreme

^

spirit

aims

afe

pointing out the, means to salvation. ^ffS^Ef"

the treatise

on

politics .by

Chanakya

(called the [Dandaniti),

^it'T^^rr^r'
skill.

The

celebrated ISfitisara of Karn. in 19 chapters,

^r^t

P, 22,
fect

^rr^^T
of.

Poetics,

friT^T

ability to attract
skill

<?.

per-

knowledge

Jfrar

magic.

-|^g^

(also written) jn*jr

and ^TW arc Pan. T.

affixen
2. *6.

or proficiency. dded in the sense of

skill to

^^

'knowrtf

a'; see

Vf&

fe^ensfeffil

^jnt- '^ct.-^-Thte

manage. ^r^| knowledge to these proves

the

to th^'EtfAiataar'in tfeeSf future "ad ventures.

9

art* bas@t

d'n

feeit or fraud,
1

^^t^

prompt

in;

discharge

to be" mistaken, for.

tie"

^f^q-%o

bound by tie
'

of f fatefhf ty.

^tf^fl^W ho put to shame

lA,

&Mafm '(Kartikeya)

'

[13]
by
their exploit or

adventurous

spirit.

sspfpTrt

beautifully younsr,

Youthful.

-sr^^T*

The

linear

marks

of 'a flag,

an umbrella, and
royalty.

J
T
i

a sword* on the palm of the

hand

indicate

future

*$n"*
I

SffW -^de

locks of hair.

Their locks were like the bees

alighting

on the two lotuses

of his feet.

Following the example of the king

the Ivumaras bowed to the ascetic touching his feet with their heads
so that their long flowing locks covered them.

P,

21

on ^nT^K?Tro p. 9 supra. ^fi-fTrfP>-- See note

velocity.

*7t

impetuosity,
battle; or

^Trpr^T^T ^I%T
of their

y marching

out

for

by a march indicative

ardour or zeal for battle.

ajvjfzrnf^r
for tprer? ^

hopeful or expectant of
license.
inflicted

glory,

tnwfa 5^"
<tf|t3PW*

ft^ use<i

by poetic

ff&^ftr*

bearing the marks of the

scars

of

wounds

by

weapons.

With

frame of body as hard as iron.

to have possessed

s^r^F^m

1*

clearly appeared

the

strength of a Kirata.

^pq^tp^

hideous

in appearance, frightful to look at*

can roam 7rft%-~Flt for wild beasts z. e. where they animals or without molestation. %W=qfTt haunted by ferocious
P. 24.

men.

f^vCm^rftr

the

life

or

profession of the Kiratas.

^r

Parity of the
vances.

mind and body.

led

^5TT?r
b > the
T

the various religious obser-

sFw*Bj&*wn
uses the

Pulindas
r%tfH*,

The

writer as al -

ready remarked,

words

jf^

&c, as synonymous

ignoring the minor differences

between them.
in

5rr^fTg^r:
neglecting

Brah-

mana-renegadesj
of their caste,

lit.

Brahmanas

name but

the duties

jpf

is

used as a depreciatory
r.
I.

affix-

3^^-

Bearing

myself haughtily,

^pq
x

makes no

sense.

^^raf^^CTT

The

band

of

my comrades

or associates.
city of

P. 25.

The

Yama
of

(lit.

of the dead).

set or studded with gems.

^'U

falling prostrate

on the

like a staff, as a

mark

great humility.

^5^f5T

The

proper time of death. fw?ragRn^*r

whose sins have b0en abs ^lved torments

causing
excr,utiat-

^-y^j^^^.particular
ing
pain.

agonies;

^-sfrffT^ -loosened.

V$

a chisel.

[is]
.feeing
in.
t

chopped
love

off.

yqtfftjyitH*
Pn$F*T

Advising

me
^|

so

me a

for

meritorious or virtuous acts.

.relations.

s^rf^rf

having taught me, the al^mfee*

SVrfrwrj a**.

,*>

reading and writing.

snqqd** 'WTT
Far from
sin

knjwW g$
,

flt

a particular art or mystical formulas.

;;

P. 26.

3^fT33if*y:
q u ^<=ftR u ^

&*

leading a

life of, virtue

and

piety.

Name

of a well-known, forest, the scene of

many of Kama's exploits, and Narmada and the Godavarf.

son of Ikshvaku,

the popularly supposed to be between

It was so named after Dandaka, a who dishonoured Araja t a daughter of S'ukracharya and was cursed by the sage to the effect that his kingdom

which was a hundred Yojanas in extent would be converted into

teuantless forest.

a.

fas8flfir~ Classes of demigods. fift-: of propitious and WS"4 ft^np are without special propriety but used simply an opening, a door. the sake of alliteration. 3TFTT
to properly a royal grant or edict committed
a'

fate.

This
for,

copper plate* Bere a

prescribed

writing impressed

on a

copper-plate, ^q-f^s:

thereon^

f^T

fate.

ti^iH
gfr?=%

^ Conformity
In
the
of

with^ <ni*rin

gratified

(now

that you have come),

P.

27.

morning,
^?5T

^r^c^^f
^wishing to

everj_;

one o|
ffc

^ en
fThe
ij.

Mark the meaning

is

here.

^41^1^^ iw

word

of the ^r^FT^fIK group, 'gf^rg-;

fsoj

go on a journey*
Ill*,,

afi.

added to fr with 3^?? and other rbots by Pain.

hardy.

1 86.

3TfiWf^-very

4*1 *i JRh' d^4 H

i

Baring appomied their place of meeting, pj 4ti^A f c^T

iiwans spread about.
lotnsea.

rendezvous^; wi th rows of
Wl-lilowii;

It ikiay* also

mean

witli 'lieds V>f

f^noWTo
The

Collected in accordance with

t# directions

of

I^a. M^^M'Ti^l'RPc

Who warded off

the obstacles (to the Sacrifice);

g^ii4
teraifonv

seat of meritorious actions;

^richly set

tt^bfotigfeV In for

a33i-

nfimq

with genis.
ornameirt
^of

i{^^
1

a collection. ^&Rft*\
all

womankind in

the

deportment^
gods?

were routed,

f^f^fn^-

An

[14]
or miraculous taring Siddbi

&c>
.

1toiwinnK>a

enough;
*ri

Vic. p. 43.

r^^K^T.
.

ww^ff-^ke
tft

me

her rival wife

V.

portheidea'comp.Boteomwft^ftp.2
xceedingly pleased,

and Raglm VI. 29.

shows excess.
friends.
virtue.

Anxious to
that certain general belief
for

see his

-I*

is

such gems possess

some

distance,

p. 29.

fwmr-Uii^
arrt^-a

er ^-^Cfc>rf )2^

!>order'

land, suburb,

public garden.

STF^fTT--*

swing, <f-

^^C-The metaphor is taken

under the genial influence
Affected

from a tree putting

forth

of the spring.

Hence, swelling with,

sprout or

by.

SpfTpt

unexpectedly,

suddenly.

W^T

&c.
-

The
ad*
*'

taken as comp. should rather be

HPT^^^rtS ffoltf ^ &c

Taacmg with hasty

in the act of

of ecstatic, joy. steps indicative

*n?!W^

bowing.

standing on their ends. ^ftrt^

.

^th the hair 3^%^--^^ 'R1 <Wrm: has often the meaning of 'by

reason of/

^^f^

hands. having folded his lotus-like

3^K

an

account

of.

P> SO. xi^H^l^iC

for
<fec.
;

read

o*rit

^T*~A

technical expression

'asked
cf.

him questions about the precept TOrf 3^1*

p. 4.

his well-being or

T^l &c, ^fRTfSee

^4^nr^R[)

good condition /j Mipra note

on

ff^r^

ifH^^Hr

Brahmana

so called, he being created

first of all

the four orders (*3fj

or being

bom

froni

|he mouth of
fortunate one

God (3T^f?T<RrnF^ ^W^f^^^)- ^fPTW

>

Lit.

O,^

used

as a lorpiAj^^Ls^XSS' *&% An
of a country said to lie to the

encamped, isrj
it

Kame

west of

Baroda aad,Ahmadabad,; probably included Broach,

Kamulanta

repeated to show frequency, to take charge of the treasure,- soil the princess.
is

^^i^l-

is better.,

Appoint^

tp_

escort the princess*

81.

ee supra p. 5, notes.

BT^T, t%f

tllrned

'***
of

treason'

Buhler.

pitWr^Fasg;'

-Aor.J

to enjoy. 'pCTif%V

fettered

wfth Ins arms

[15]
:

(a sword measuring more

.than.

8Q fingers

m
i

length

) src^rir^f (aff. 7F-f?ir) swordsmen.

tlaef.

^n^a
applied

The word

is

as

old

as

the

Veda wherein
with*

it

to the

aboriginal and Turanian

tribes

whom
injure,

the

.Aryans on

their occupation of India

it

had often to wage war awl

whom
kilL
.

they conquered. There

is

derived from

^to

to

It acquired the present meaning dotibtless from the lawless habits of the mountaineers, >j3ncfw-~l who was undaunted,
IJ^cyy*-^*-^*'",

the laconic

Mark

style of the writer.

frcw
is

irremediable; ;frbm

there was no hope of escape. f%ff ?r*r ^pTST a subterranean passage.

inapp^pi^e with

P.

,32.

^r^N-The

most -excelfeni

jewel.

tr:^^^The
^r^f
*
-

genti-

the door,

arr^r^received me
s'^.;'";

with honour,

ba%
with
(

lfert-^ftaoldng words, insoleat speech, ^nrt^fr^:

force fully

equipped,,

..-.

^
,

P. B3. fgH PropS-Iy means the cdiEfased 'nbfee of Warriors engaged hi- hart fight, tenc^ the '"1fer6i^^ qnick and dexterous m^ements of the armsl vffi pride; hence
1
.

tKe

cause of
ar^fft

pride.

STO^ht-The
Mattakdla,

Context shows that this

the hostile king. stflT-

focmld be

which

refers to

W^
The
fofl

very

fleet,

swift of foot,

^filled
?

with;

account.

^mistering
with
naiit

tb his desires.

3mTRRr>-~gaining th^krng's^favonr, , ^Tff^rr ^c^ With a h&rt tofmfeiitec!

easily )

affliction naturally (

lifc.

Caused

th6 dart of the poig-

pain of your

separation.

Rr^rlt^
p. t.

tibns of

According to the direc-

Siddha.

5fRTW-S^e

ponishthent or Suffermgs infficted

i

F
f

without any fftnMfOf his; '..'MS: * F. S4. 3^; ysftft &6.~This Judden
,

.',:.,-,
..
. ,

"

-introduction of

Push-

f^feih^ya indicates Uta ^f^5

a deficiieiby of oreatlVe power on the part of the

his

broad -fdteriV>
p.

*it^-^sae
object,

tote on

*fcg

27,

W^pf:

If-

they

knew

my

i^prRf f^ff^^^-what
?

did^they

think was the reason of

'

my

disappe^raiie^

JT8rRr--Mark

the oomp.

T
!T

J& jtajji-wajr,

tefore he reached

th^ ground.

deofeut;

fee

Because he could no! have entirely arrested his downward Ihiher a lessened its
only
rapidity.
*|*

grjecipice^

says

B*ymologiHy
-

it

means; a bibken placet

'

It- is

apparently

ihe< ATJB; rctoV ttjnojr, which in Latin appears a$ and which a,9,'W^n, ;iii English, as- irea>

.^GMbic

l^|

afpears in the

ratutilafced

form Ma(n)j, The Bbrigureligious,

suicided.

farwrfte mode of
qr

See supm

p, 17*

l^f l^ a

bc>at.

or.

r^f

^,^ .-5|^-|T|^^
:

slers

t^ his fatter, to

whom he naiist

of the signs of recognition^

f%5fW

Bearing myself humbly to-

them. PcP'ra'

prime causeu

wwattrfUTT-Th* student

remember that Fo3hpodbhaTa was instrncted

Eajavahana.

m magic

-along

wth

^f^^"--niagic-iK>wer, ^^R|S|f

Trees situated

particular position
of

indicate treasures buried underneath,

ftr^ra-

^^ol^rooa
-

fa see through magical virtue eBabling the eyes

'

opaque bodies* P* g7 i]M~~*

gold

c?m*

^
it is

^
7|
d.

r-

'

Dem

m
yalue to

an ancient Banian Katyayana and

copper
*

'-2
Brhaspati

silver coin norih

Engli^i),

equivalent in

42
first

Biaaras were

iu

on bullocks Merchants in conveying grain

by.

5^
l>eart.

the

if^^-^^oTd-.Tarj..
f^TP^f^iT^^-^Br 5^
ft
;

ap%
r

pervaded

all

her li*fe&

fiowe;

god of

j^

^foff

kittened. Tbe trBmuWus-

glamces o!
v

.i^e^
'

^ifc#apfc*i*
felghtened^*

eyes ol

.-

and

^^
:

fKJ
.pwftafc^.
-

greeted

to

**,
.

me).

WS^p^-may perhaps be a better

displayed.

reading*

sounds of birds are often referred to by "poets . connection; c/ Bhatti.1.27.

-The

I.

S.

F^:
.

5mp*RrT:-wisl.mg

to ascertain.

ing to dispel

mj

onging or mental
tiCj

^ gn

^^ W
for.

a...
the

slu

^^^^

* -seek-

cruel.

residence of Knbera.

^^fr^-Kail^,
not cariiig

39.

^|R^_]srot

minding,

as SJTT, whose words are reliable.

.-

^arfment

you S port witU her and. live,

^renc-impetajmaly. With violence and
force.

ed.

JMhecity.

use

Wd c/, o

.^r^as^^wg the truft

^goy
:

of.

Mark

the

ttofr
.8-

ejected,by
.1*1-

is

,^

with

.admitted by Bhattpji," SH.-

js

also nsed ia ,*he Par. in tfe

^ah

feather

dbm
figfat.

of agoose.

or without supple,

;*

-terfitorysee.p
to the temple of

SO

Mabkkal..

[18]
of spring' 3PT &c.-How follows a description KdMasa and the much the same as that giveu by

the

season which
other Sanskrit

i.

poets,

tf^

&e.-c/.
;

***if^nFfk:
It
is

****

*"

r-

sandal tree,

a popular belief

that

snakes feed on air;

cf.

such epithets
'

10. This

and the next

(

epithet account

for

the breeze being very gentle

).

WTW)

te

"
a

iacessant aid slow

'

<ft^r-andal
for

kind. trees of. the best

of lovers,) is

^rn:-(so
kind
of

resort called because it is a favourite

mango

tree

known

the fragrance of

its

blossoms. The

ffiroats of

cuckoos are supposed to be

made

tuneful by their testing

the young sprouts of the

mango tree. Cf.

82.

sjmftr
read

fc*t
"

**I* 15* Kum. lit

1

^^T

^SiSfa koil

Or ctickoo.
^

43."

"^T^-a
of

low, indistinct

sweet

tone.

The' budding
^celebrated

lore,

love-longing.

festival

inhonouf of the god

of love in spring.

6f various kinds suet as

saffron, flowers,

turmeric-powder,

whde

grains%f

rice,

fine silk
Ifaife,

others. garments and

^T

&c.-bright

the Malay, agitated by thick clusto from the branches gently the author Seem S to Bree2e. to by the former . ^prob^y-teterirtg *nd tetween

fm^Mi)

witK

blossoms' and tender

foliage,

grown

^
.

-^

KcMng hohey
see^com.

f^oni

flowers.

See also com.

he gently P**** from distinguished

oL
Dissolve
^

.^r^-

^r-rLit; -The many

ia

mvoked'

.=

Is

epithet of

ptommealJy flndm.' IndrTfiJures

tbeSg^^ has *he greatest

^r^ce*sto
,wi*

Lmbet. of Itfmas

addressed to-Hm,

^translate-WhA-shone^jf.firefttei by to make a<oaB| of Ma- longing tftac Bft,

W^rfT^ the GodoE

lRg

s'lffii^e

of ker, ftsaaed au excellent

fiw=of *

wosaas,

formed

its feet

out of

jkbe

his pleasure

kka, &c
aj^qf:
<&c.

beauty of the amtuoimal lotuses growing ia* Astg Op |dea of Yasanta cre^tfeg a female
4^*ffe

form,

comp.

-JCTWf^f^r.
8.

W ^Jj^r
of

Tic,

r^0f? 1 uflftiM ftC^gr^-The write?

^

J,:

&*+?

passage -is ^amplification of

ttfae

pasage> i^
tlie

8,

Tbe
Gmpid
air
'|

a;wiaa^

body^formiiig

f>ajaplieriia!ia of

bower
'

eitber siie

&nl forming

and
Kuril.

grace.
I.

C/.

f^TT?^

^ ^
faRft'chti^

S5. ^pr

Massira

3^ opening
t
89 *

T wo

are placed at the door of gold or someliiBe* silver Kaks'as

"

"

a Itlamandira as a

mark

of auspiciousness.
p. 8.

i^-pl^^fbeauty. See notes to

fruit

Sitdht^fl^ti

Tne

Kw^*

was a standard of comparison

it

tefore tte creation' of lier Tower

is

Ep; tiow

became an Imitation. Tbe meaning

tier lip

surpass-

ed tneWwt&a in redness;
cttekoo as a messenger of

WTf^Rtr
Kama. C/*

Kalidasa also speaks of Hie

ra^ri *n^*irS
It
.

^^
47.

?R:

I'

^mWdpi t4t^"^T^r t*^"^r ^^f=

tne tftatot*

-^r^T^f^^^it^
r

the proudly displayed on

flag*

his dearest friend.

^
iowers;
cf.

slows tnataer tresses w6re decked with

Vie. IV.

l& %/[ifcZ*x^^
m

white 0oip!exloft W&s noi perfeet wfiite bat

f

mellbwM with

yellow,

^Loves
^ribable

in worshipping by herself. She was then engaged thrilled or pervaded through her body, having

for

fty^^t^i m

v^i^i^-^I^H

quite

^rPf ^f^T~ Tarlous and indeth accidentally. Lit, according to

maxim
it

of the

wood-borer tracing out a Mter. .The

that a

maxim

takei

rise

from the fact

certain insect caled ..gfapt", sometimes Oy &

an

inaSw lio^wooi

kf ol

,a

fetek;

wk|ch r^semblei a

[20]
letter

but which

is

quite Fortuitous.

Hettce

means an y

for-

ttiitous or
C:
|

chance occurrence.

^rtr

Beat, knit.
captivated: her as the net

'&c.

whose beauty

deer.

^jf^^j^tiyr^f^i^e^effl'Otieiis.^ ainl ieelwg#oR'tefre

ma-

ly her;
,

4k4| jJff*!^

-dfenj

from

serving as a fcarget for.

Love

affected

Mm

also,

<fl*f }

iBeeau s^ they have the opportunities of gaxlng on **!$~WC a family vf^fljiT, a woman wrfeh
lidngr.

and sons

4(|pifR|4|^H

^stands

foremost or a* $

46,
^^

feelings.

m^
through
divine agency.
,

fg&

e.

aaotiji

recounts what pa^ej|

p
1

her mind.

f^lfW*

*n *i <tt I *i: tt *i
i^

-77

A t the time when

The
tl|e

the curse
is

by the ascetic)

about to cease.

reference

explained further
of

^^rememjbei:
k

incident^

s^&p^ed by
on account

the occasion,

caiive of particular circttmsiances.

^nf

recollection,,

jp

^[

^unconscious

of slumber,

smile bloaniing

on the orb

of one of his cheeks.

:

lo&t in

co^mplatian^

f^??fa;
student

fr.

G5pgff-f-|5^.

A perpelbual religiqus
and a

who observes a TOW

r:

of lifelong celibacy
pity.

his

mind touched with

efficaciousness or infallibility of.

recollee|jed*

or
-courtesy,
or
re*

d^ed.

avenue of

trees.

name

of Bajav^hana*a

lite

p*. t

do

s<k

nfNm

(1) desire of the'

agaiii*.

mbd;

(2)

She meani*

fl iiwite

JOB to see
to,

the

jimilftr

words

by S'akantala

^NFT

p.

87--

her secret

.cfeawbe*,

wetted with (to render them cooler).

-

^^

a bed.
a$ tbe proper

&c. -Sw^krife p>e|fe usaall/ nw&atipn

iheae

t^iMaU^oiaiif^^^
tbe fragrant root of which has cooling properties,

km^ol

plant

prepared

for.

fi*

it

q^t nrr^ At a

lower-lip .psrdi^i

^ ..^^^v,wcQaii
f

loss,

to

with stooping

.wow*.

^^44
-

To her his 3?%^^ (made of steel) ^n4 3^f^-^ wlthtMs passage ^T^fFfW The ^marine .fbfy-tSe$ our not^ |If,
are
;

^.ali^
(1)
(

P. 49,

^n^vCmark the
(
;

propriety* of the word,

( 3fpfTT )

tHe

nigh*

^ff ) (2> lie mine

;

of crimes

<^r )

Because bath ife

Moon and Lifahmf

-

irds^ from the

'"

wean.
^

&*ftgffi^&
''

rarifi'eaV

W^^T %e
hearfc

ifiinfe "dl

^ateiit tree.

xT^|4f<^
trcsatihg

virtdent" pofsoii,
siiccessfally;
l

t-^-Lit.

^5|fff^ Infect a jihysieian. ^4

equally towards boib.

l^Cf 4>fH^R ^:~whose

*

had become'
1

e.

the tai^efe for aft the Arrows)

of

Kama^

^^,
'

be sotighi pff^5^RT%--*whose folded lands graceful liM* {Be bud of a lotus decked her spacious forehead,

T0

'*>

''
'

P. 50. 4|4j;$ta Ac.

(

"^

-;.r-Tlie

'

'

*'

'-

..

sfcqdent will renaembe? tfee

y

vdl4cnow
..

"^^ *$ i^BSHto. ^R:

(as
'

;B^g. I V J,

,?l?|T

thy body

is

delicate).

Sb^hereby.Junte that

^
tfea

^3^

-favourable to.

pangs

Q| separation,

gad

tbe Jwujp.^ ''O'l,, ff*r

$. of

iotct

s &! tbe occurrences

tUf( *t

tfee tfrne^

Ac;

wfo 'wfcityer something

into tlte ear, mttttfegdni of.

burning* ^p%f--iffiipfettis iiff^^T

beatiitiFiil'or

splendid dress.

magc.
pleasure.

'

Id
Fu. on his part*
a-TPIIH* ! H^Vi ^J-^-H
-

of
l)e

^vfl^Aj
to Ibem*
'

bJe to

ervicMliie

II Sfc.

P.

5.

iMHkflfrf

intense love,

attain inehf

of eottcUnl

^afofawn^ ilf^t

^nfoaniing, beguiling.

jr,

^|M*iS^

counterfeit or unreal love.'

iiie

f*j*f{4 &c.
feelings,

well

hi the' trt of toaefaing

rhis ptrofessioii,

smtin^fits and

^nr^

^^cta^i^il^

The

ladies of the

harem eager

to behold

the spectacle.

3^1^!'

The inner apartment,

As

the roll of the drams swelled.

increased cariosity,

Th
their

whirls of his magie

f^Itf

handle of peacock's feathers.

of lightliig or illomiaing with the array

gems.

^Tf^tT-

^J^ The huge

saccess.
JJT3

serpents.

3Tp^fr?f

having

exhibited.

^EPTT^T

^ 'f -*'

stupefying.

^I^fHf^fT-

men

conjured np b/

magic.

P. o4. ^TTT

* Brahmana.

%CT

acts

of endearment,

gpqf-

sri^

creating.

^:

in pnVate.

oTg^rT

her response,

ffjpy

eager, earnestly desirous of.

^gf ^TJpFTo
(

The

reference is to the

Paunmic number
frith storieg

of the

Bhuranas.
the

Rajavahana entertained her

especially
).

from the Paranas

Mah. Bhar.

Pit*fq*

With her

eyes dilated

through wonder.

*qH'3rq| *

has

Its

missbsr foiailed.

^r^gRf

The function
ST^hf:

of the ears.

P* 55*
i

fnfjrw-T&spelling ignorance.
read

a powerful lamp,

f^Hq,^.

M^4t^1^ What return

property.

can I

make

^iHtfta^*

^T^Trzrr (instr.)

SKrasfJiM

w iqnwntod AS a rival of Lakshml and the two

S3 30-wires- of a erowned queen.

tn'other.

^^A^|><f;

already Used by
it

r
\

^*wf^

Pass.

inf. of

the cau.; to cause

to be kissed

fbyme). ^T*Jili*ff-^-Lakslimi is supposed to wait on a king who is considered a portion of Vishnu, The orb ji n ^s^^o^^;
|>

of '.her larg

breasts; (2) a large train of clouds,

afUth*-^

Kalid*
cf.

to> compares a woman's large eye to the leaf of the Kandali-flower; Vic, IV. 5. ^-STHT developed *. z+ colour. deep

^T^fpn^

The plumage
;

of a peacock,

like

the

eyes
tliis

33**?^-^* which the flowers looked pea-cock's tail, ^rariega ted. ifg^t
any propriety
i.

^f
!

&c-rlf

epithet ha?

it

disorderly like a row of bees

e.

dishevelled

hanging and dark { iTffrc^rRW

must mean

s^nE-^r).

For we cannot reasonably suppose the poet tp mean that the bees were actuily attracted the flowers in her braid and by
'there.

were present

<E5tf^*(l)

augmented with the stream

its

of its spreading reddish lustre; (2)

rugged with

filaments with

ihe light of the morning sun playing

ruby-like lower-lip.

upon them,

anr^for

his

$r*nt

impatiently,

passionately,

^f^^.,
tasteful

enkindled, excited.

account of
1

f^fn^riT^liigflly pleasing or the various means at hand (or modes of

f^l^pr
if

on

enjoyment).
a
swaii

'&

&&

a siring

of lotus-fibres.

WlWtTTf

*K*&$<?
tfed

&c.as

embraced by the

moon

with the multitude of

hig rays mistaking

them |his

feet) for lotuses,

^^-^-bciun'd or

jf

together.;

^W^^r On
by.

perceiving

it.
.

^TfW^possessed

^f^V^^^u; & c>

Kot knowing bow

to act then and in future, sp|ty*ro?<>

not caring for or forgetting

Uie condition to keep the secret intact

or,.dashiag
:
:

Rw
excit

^i^ |3Tr^fi^^^
f

mto commotion^
r:

gg^r

^R% At
of

this

time of eonfusiom.
vpr>fr^
-*

The guards

the female apartments.

hi*

Mm and recognised
|^-~won
P. 571
over.

Jhaying closlj

him.

W^f5fp|^:
Vain,
futile.

greatly pujEfe^

f^HT

religious hypocrite.

'^RHd mischief-monger. ^i^FM^

fT^rf^pt^tt bane

exalted to the

dignity of the stake,

in the family/

{pnr-^

[24]
disfigured, fierce.

9^
degtee

6 ^ Karffl ^gT*f3T-"-a Madt- P the Tbe culminating point of i. . who possessed *9

-

all

manly

virtues.

on *as the only remedy.

W WW
a

^*Nra*W^^to ^ieh
*

subn!'9 '
-

Sr-

the

^a M *
aa

Pan.

II. 3. 52. *1*J

a yoang wortaa.

Sfni

f***^

or distressed

on hiring the account. by

his

a^gfereW -***>

attracted solety

handle

form,

e'ud to their lives.

arnSTn^W* ThreStefiJag rag*n*-^n* aoM>ag

messenger,

to- put

bodies,

informing him by

th^orerning haviag

^wOl*

confiscated all his effects or property. fi**r

encaged him.

P, 58.

fttftsr
thirst,

Concealed.
see

^PTpT ^ to
L
17.
of

the jewel dispelling

'

hunger and

supra p. 28.

r^

Name

of

comitry situated on the

righfc

bank

the Ganges,

Its capital

was

stood pn Champa, also called Angapraf. JChis J^owi^ about 24 miles west of a rocky isla^ a|4 ,|s the same as, or situated very near tq v t^ modern Bh%gIpmr4
f

%f-,

ng Comiug from

caused a passage, to be macle

all sidss (

m. ^f^

a number of

^r

),

appearing
f:

raT^, ^3wmtrrfli^| of ^ bodily, form visibly like pride in

ofimpatiencQ.

full

srfWT^-

blo

.or et

transceadiBg
5
yiial force,

^t

of;.

mprteL
w^re: mot to be divine*

innate stregfe,
whoseintefrtioiis

aratna.
i!

a^^^^J

comprehended. ^tlie-.aispieioiis marriafe he had performed the ceremony of fastening

string-

or

tbeieon.
footed,

For the meaning of KaSKsa."

ir^Ff^rr^
*i^NiRcK
of
"
'

*$^ see Bag. 'VIIT. 1. and Malli f^^f-Lit deer-fbotei, swift'.'W^

The

'

a runnef ' '* C6uriet '

reply to 'the iie^sage.

Th.e
'**'*'

violator
'

th0r secret a^artmeiit,

.

"'

"

[25]
59. f*|1pfqf=-Hleath with peculiar tortures.

^R^T

* prison.

The
FT

lordly elephant.
i. e.

^p*Hch^4Hl

* play-thing
so to

allowing the elephant to

pieces,

proper decorations. treat him as

a
its

* toy and

smash him to

ii^^^^f?

multitude of
temples,

warriors, igrfcft

^:
to

witli

ichor

flowing from
tff+iif^H*

f^217.

fjy*

refers

Rajavahana.

c/.

Kad.

p.

P. 60.
for a lotus

inrq-

foolish.

The swan mistook SurataoaanjariY niouth

it,

and so pursued

Cf. the similar pursuit of S'aknntalfc

.

by a bee at S'ak. p. 25.

I

Read
after

in

the com. ^5*:

*f:

^Hf^^T-*
lake).

Read

iEttflr

*F=$^ (the name

curse.

of 'th

tf

making

his

head doubly hoary by &c. qnftr

be denounced
metallic condition.
tl

upon me an unjust

^jUfl^dvqr

consciousness

being suspended.

m 7 senses
'Ert 1!

retaining their powers,

Two names

the probably invented by

list of

author

(no such names being found in the

race),

the kings of thelkshva'ka

hostilely or adyeresly
f

fq^^^|t>

.R<^NI^:

He,

dis-

s race posed towards ETaravahanadatta, the extender of Y**tsa of the Vidya'dharas, who had acted ethnically the reigning emperor entered into an alliance with him. father. towards
(his)

and

^f^^^T

^^ ^ ^%
r
r

Naravahanadatta, son of king Vatsa,

is

the hero oE

the Kathiisaritsagara (and also of the Brhatkatha of

GunMhya)
moon shone
he had not

wherein his

adventures and

his

elevation

to the

throne of the
the

Vidya'dharas are related.

brightly.

*^4MHHm^
The beloved
which
all

As

W^rft^RW
The
art with

of his heart (for

actually seen her).

STSifFsr^

not having control over his senses.

the demizens of heaven are

endowed and by which they

an make themselves invisible to others,

n
JP/61.
UTTT
maintenance,
protection.

the tide of

KB

resolve to seize

caused to swell passion was shows that he was quite you. t^rfNrrf:
a jM.*t\ 4^1^1 (
thief)'

cowed down in tho prince's presence.

[26]
prowess,
precincts

^a
of.

Bkl- SKapea scimitar,

^tf-'

or environs

s^spf^*-^moving
off

fearlessly -or

undauntedly,

3^*n^:
utmost
speed.

having knocked

the driver,

*H%f

with

siultitude

ok

himself from the embrace

tire

Yery instant.

c^m-an
srw

iron

eluk
ck

kind of instrument forked at the end.

missile,

a -dart,

wl^T-a long
'

double-edged sword

a javelin.
.

|fiftpnRHsaw$mBdrng them. an eye is supposed to be a mark

of beauty.

~a
ft

poniard with its

Wt

set will* jewels,

iffuse of

silk-garment

ff^^Rcatr-being

well practised in* the

*to

weapons.
kwra,'

The

root f- has frecpeotiy the meaning

study,

to

kngnage. '<TrfF3pST Ac. bespeaks extraordinary physical power on the part of the rider as he codd guide the animal

in older

% using the Hg toes of his feet m

spws. knowledge of the desoiption foimerly

^f^^^_fflrwigb

to

*^ toy own* self only ceacealed under lie form and

of

ifee

Bhanamitra.
:

If

y0or highness does

mt fetd

fawlfc

with this arrange,

together with Raj. r Soina<Iatta r

of the ten
princes.

and Upahar.y who ^fterwawl* became the king of K&'f pik^

ported with py.
wi4i proper
cirilili

is

the father of Apar.

See p.
were

^pRltf^^^wht

The passage
sight
*:
.

pow^r ta ianm ^ings

bejoal

the

Mrcm

[27]
*/
65;

Jfc^

Wishing

to

'

ascertain;

*%$$&&;*
or

yonag
'

4ee.
:

<rf|i^-With
to

wild look

looking dejected;,

&,-wislung

learn the fate of.

*ho held the ^lace of)

<tf

the ornament of the

srfcr

the prepositions

w and
wrap
.

Anga-capitaL
-be

The
See,

may
of

optionally

dropped.

com.

^rtS^m-Lit. woman
3rcqr

the multitude

(^r),, a harlot/
with,.;

^HThtt--cT(Wr

studded with, stars; hence chequered

tresses

*IHftWT-4er
^Tf?fifar-raay
^sar^nrtr
close

long dishevelled

weeping the ground*

full

measi

with feelings of pity or

heels.

of

cries,

upoa her
exijoy.

3?rft~her distress,

jot destined to
iVrtheic being

^Tf^-happiness.
of

iTRfr^

the

asjlum

the

afflicted.

*f^K--heiin

hair,

interspersed with gray,

P, 66. Sf^irn-^T^t would have been

better,

which case

zft

*F

would refer to the speaker herself.

^r(%^n^.-makiiig her
ajppGH;-^ th
body by applying oil

periorm the duties oi her legitimate profession.

proper
&o.
office*

BT^il^r^T-ciiltiTatioa

of the

^rl^sr

lielping the development of

^rftiT'-^aiiitainiag
tfhe

qualifies 3ffK<Jr* ^fan e^uilibritim betweea the (three) humours,

vital
fluids,

gastrie

fire

and the

fwrrffc^-with proper

f lands,
<ed

^^rff^^pc:
Cf.

characterised by, conspicuous for henee; attend--

with.

WEpfhrtr 3ft further oa p. 203. a^^Tqpf

all

&fe^*t
panto*

i^rain

hr in
art,

the erotic science with

its

branches,

sfrzsf-

f^9r-4a painting; arR^fT^r-coBfectioaary, culinary ^rt; ir^-prepariag perfumes* 55^ bouquets and garlands, .^F^Cpr^w
acting;

mimic

t^r^T
Sow,

We rear

them thoroughly

in.

T^fs^r?^- -Skill

in express-

qr*f-gramn(iar;
witti.

%^

logic;

^RT-astroIogy.

^rraf*-*

general

Acquaintance

srr^FNnTT-The

art of earning a livelihood*

% -excelling
-^w gwes
of

in sporfive graces

or fmlie.

chatjce

aftd

strife,

proper insight into,

practical

knowledge^

Bfrf^^pf^trr-*" decorated

with

^H?t-ii!tetided by servants gorgeously dressel

be required

$ aa

occasion,

[28]
P. 67, (%^S$TJ
f%^f^:
Professors
*ff**rf

simply means
of

*in different

places*.

the different arts.

<4fttf*^icH

palmist*,

astrologers,
gester.

PPJ^it

tbe RR-parasiten, gay companions f^r^reir Buddhist or Jain female mendicants who are 0/1
infra p.
affability

as assisting in lore affairs. frequently represented

11*

85
or

16,

17.

ftmiaUeness.
price,

^R*W-~company,
Eead jp.
blandishments

society.

JfT^sf

spjjicpfrr

*i<^^
coqnetry.

receiving a heavy

tf'-l'f'^rher

or

?pr:~ prime of

youth. ^fHr

honesty,

aqfp^jpfr^- possessing superior qualities.

IjtapltJN' %f under the pretence that a

giving oat that

mush was

received.

*n^f*f*n~*F~

Gdndkarm
friendship,

marriage was contract*

local court,

4iH^ftt ^""won OTer ^7 Bhashana Cf.

d.
>

syfif^im-tbe

?ra
^

Ac.-mking
&c.

the daughter remtla faitMol to

Tarions artiices
^xpeiaciesl

Mm*
of

getting by
after It

wial remains

the wealth of
gifts-'

ferns

1ms bean

by daiy, occasional and love

m
or hetaira. It

after plcting a ^narr^l wiili him.

eom, means the lover of a

may however mean

gtirring or calling Into activity the liberality s*ieasti

iBaaarks.

^r^R^ft^^
among

taunting in the hearing of others^

tlie

rirenlating evil reports

people,

pr^pf-- withholding,

f by accepting another

P. SB-

WFUfT

discmniiiig.

^fFTr^f unobjectionable,

wealthy' people.

f^;3|^s

wonld perhapi be a better reading.

As

the reading stands,

however, take
'

^^(^p|q

as

on>e

wo,rd f

doe Consideration to
fdllw.

all

doubts about the gain or loss to

^fgr-^ttei|dance upon,
r

^p

irrevocable or

permanent

grandmother.

prffcT prescribed by.

her passion at hey

wealth.

own expense^
repulsing.
|>e

SfUmufi* iff

Ai fiwi %m of psolye; ii her insolation cannot

shaken,

Etm
i\

'V., ,8.

'm^^^^r^^will
if^gjfW
even
of

starve themselves

to

iftf^f
e

Final beatitude.

knowledge

of
*.

the
0.

highest

Brahma; or knowledge of the superior order

ggWffilj'gfnyqr:
5

Brahmastation

vidya.
of life

one in

a householder's
:

(lit*

discharging the duties proper for

the household).

hardships

of.

P.
;j :;

69.

sjrah^ffaf
toilet,

~"

a couple of fresh-washed garments.

^3KiK~~her

personal decoration.
4|mqffl
-from or

^PTOT^Fr

S'iva,

affected by passion*
!

matches with*

f^iitj}%T-in what
^*$m&-*~-their

degree,

f<f;

^nfr?^

a person like myself.

inferiority.

Ik'

respective superiority

^ET^r^'W

Concentration of
(external agents)
to
.

the mind,
i

HI^Mcj^
^^aowledge

does not
of

much depend on
which
of the

If^f^N"
Vedanta

the

reality,

according

the

consists in realising the identity

universal and of

the individual soul

g-^j^f

supported,

P*

70.

wr^^[%~is
f^^'c^f"

affected,

srf%^f^r^T---<>"ter-acted,

re-

covered,

eradicating*

According to the Pnranas Indra deduced Ahaly;\ the wife of Gautama. See A. Dictionary under 3jf^i|r- The Vedie
Version of the stoiy, however, represent*

Indra as the sxm and

Kumikrila-

Ahalya

as the personification

of

the early morning,

bhatta explains the seduction hy Indra'e (the sun's) carrying away the shades of the night (sffFqr). See also our note at Vic. p. 41.
This was Anjana, the

mother o?

She was the heavenly nymph Punjikastbaii horn on earth owing to a eursa, Once as she was sitting on the summit 6! &
mountain,
Iwar

Hanomat

garment was

slightly displaced,

and the

gocl of

wind

being enanidttred of her Appeared before her in a visible form and

ixpressed his passion for her.

She accepted

his suit

on

condition,

that her chastity would remain inviolate/ tThis the god granted blessed ber with a soa who came to be called after him 'Mariiti**
f

Angiras and elder brother of Brbagpati.

Lit. deceitful or evil practices

worthy
affect

of de^

mon
-

he&ee unworthy acts;

^"ffiyr &c,

do not

or

**(!) thfcqiwEty of
With
bis passion fragmented*
affected or

that

name-

impaired,

f%^ &c.-^what
cattle.
*

(2) dust.

1TO*>1(%

Their piety

is

not
tfeeir

are their natures,

Attending circumstances or concomitants.

P. 71.

Ht^Hrwtending
:

?ft*f

worthy objects-

cf.

^Sff^fr
tf.

^te

comp.; see com.

satisfaction.

^R[

All
of

mutual

CT3hlf*R^

delightful recollection.

W**t

mental

^
'

JH^nr supreme, pfj%**rFf *. *. It may be through the power of fate. infirmity. g^_To a great degree, very
.

Dutiful,

fjrwf
1

feeling uneasy or uncomfortable*

P. 72.

^'^'fSl^f^

rose np.

Imperf.

Srd pers.

sing,

of ff to

go-

l|ff--read
a

*ffff.

trf^frefcinue.

^nf

&c.

You

should

mled (retarn
^nf
fr^8T

to) your holy task.

^JTST
win
the

greatly

agitated.

^
o
y

conflict.

Mr^f^tf^ft

affection of,

subdued;
sarvanjk

on condition that the yangui&hed should be the

the other,
like one

fiffiy^:

mortified,

full

of

repenianee^

^r^rq;

Yacant-minded,

^f^f^o

generated or excited

by her

F, 7S. -1^1%
til

*G&

Arthapala's o^ect. tf^Tf*

left

-l^e darknasft
ftyfe

ignorance which omoe mare

his

mind.

The

approaches Bkna'fiL
b^yiiig' sk-j^ a|te,

fpf
is

(1) passion; (2) redness.

&,&& goo*** bei.

*^i^?Rfi'TrT^ oddish orb

fire

44 the jaoraing &un

rising mountain.

compared to a wild

th^

swBmit

of

ha

^^Pr^^PC *. e* surpassing in redness, c0a|. <&<!*&* ineindicitats. The Conk* says

it is

but farther oa
f

said to bo

a ^^{^^r

(p. 75).

who had not

yet taken to asceticisna.

by, mental

y any

or anxiety,

I^WT
i

ugly,
TOTJ. .dirty,
.".

looking,
."':

^ftfl^r^^sshows that he was

;

;Fi;fi.

ir-r-^dbow 'Hie ^rawfc dMfpii%' feetweea

c$me to be known by Aft aioiuaiae tf.
skilled in tbe
citizens.
.

the twa^

different-

mia.
repraa|hfiil

^*^frRnc

Bandying

'abasing.

^f^^g^The

test, of

AanlfBess.
detenaiiied,

badge of victory.
yff<ff<|

sif^f^n^Hr-^t^t"
of

The cause
*.

of inflaming her passion*

airing

#.

a succession

side-glance*.

^THf^p^N The comparison

considered

-lit.

'ft

of

glances cast by ladies having dark blue eyes

lotoses
is

to a garland of bine

by no means

rare.
i.

jpHH-^H
-

who

myself
:

blessed.

*MHg$4i?m:
discarded.
*B"$^T?ff *Rf

reduced to utter penury.

3T*RTff <T

drjfen

oft

'.P. 75.

of public ridicule.

having become the latrghitog-stock, butt srafHh Because the Budhist and Jaina men*
*

tticants are forbidden to attend to bodily comforts

and so they cannot

their bodies,

sr^r

&.

^^r%^^T*W
q^^rr
(as
restraint.

caught (and not broken in yet),

a Tais'ya.

quarM*
^^f

The Jainas

not recognising the

%athorifcy of the Yedas).

f^ffcf

established, laid

down. SW^fff

blasphemy against,

after death,

f^^o

Read Rr^:

hell,

%^r

(who) realised to myself,

j^r;
tree,

-his deviation

irora the proper path,

"give free vent td

pp^t The

As'oka

my

tears,

P. 76,
ft*JlNf
<&c.

weal thy people!, lirew^n^g^-- Abounding with rogues and

Wishing to restore them to their primitive natures by proving to them the transitorincss of property (which he would do by robbing the one class of what they had earned by unjust
the other of
first

means and
*X<it.

the track

beaten by

what they coveted so fondly.) FT*f|*T?T* Karnisuta (Moadeva, the father of

i. 6*

th^ art and

pfavro&ljier.

seienc,e of t|iie?iug)

I resolved

to take

to the

life
is

3f2^

those skilled

at dioe-throw,

^r^r^jpr^

the chequered eloth on which the wooden pieces are placed,

skill.

Skill in

cogging dice and shifting a

piece,

presideiil

of gamesters or Jcoopcr of a gambling house.

}>^gun with the

knowledge

of.

^(^^rT

&6^

Con-

Jtehier,

employment % ^ a which the wagers or if^p^ifnf

in the.

of reasoning, force

and

boldness.'

32]
enforced.
.

qf&j

gp^RT% &v*

To wheedle

the strong and bully

proffering

tte weak.

TOT^RF

creation of partisans.

S^r^rPT
bet*

great and small advantages,

distributing the spoil
in

*&%

a stake or

casting the die,

or

f%(%cJrnf *~~ Who was somewhat careless who made a blunder in moving a piece.

wf&flfW-

a norice in the art.

0^1%f*r
P. 77.

means

^^q^

began to play with me.

to be mutually connected,

a splendid feast,
:

sn^NfflK &e.-~ is a faulty coinp. ^r?^; on whose account.

regards their wealth.
;

As

down

to half the thighs

f4 W;

a garment reaching an upper garment, a veil SffN^raT

^f^-^

a sword hanging by the arm.

t^ip^.

gc0 op,

an In-

sfcroment for digging,

^ro^ff

a whistle, a musical instrument

with a low tone used by thieves to ascertain whether persons are asleep or not d^rar toug.% j^r^ef^t^-a sham head (to be
inserted into the hcle

made
wiufc.

into a wall).

%rr^l

magic powder,

a magic

See com.

^r^^^T

a measuring thread,

^-a wrench

a crab-shaped

instrument.

containing a beetle or bee to put out a light.

removing tbe
opening in the wall

bricks

i.

making

aii

c^n^r

tbe Interstices In a lattic window.

According
instrument,

to

BMisliaua (which reads

R>TO)

this

means an

optical

^^tfce state of things inside,

rfftt

b**
city.

Wtmr lightning. ;^^_Tb e theft Ffr^TWWr * time when the streets were
glittering in the darkness.

Jhe money. committed in the

not crowded.

9I^Pf
P. 7B,

9fftf<T$^
of

in faltering accents

through

fear.
to,

The prince

merchants.

3^^1^^

5f^^:betrothed.

consented

The praisewortl) j epithet. n^*f f ^ftif^ jnat as Be Wrs^srnHL offered to marry me. tha leader of merohanti ^rrq-^fYtrading
with foreign eoimtriep,

0^^%^with
fj
:

the approval

of.

i&*mf
party
affected

by Cupid

yjT*^ the city-watch.

ornaments.
gentle.

^Rf^rr^Ta
^rf^T^
body,

^f

veom

spreading through

my

[34J
er eyes over-flooded with tears.

Proud
treated me.

of his being

au adept ia charms.

3 4^*3?
1

haying

*t$4l$'

being unsuccessful.
stiff

ggftS^g

bitten

by a

deadly snake.

StTS^^rre

and darkened. $^JT

fixed, glazed,

can oppose.
T^tT

which dispelled darkness by

Its collective

splend-

or-

^T^JfJ &c.
1

Mark

the play on the words ^rfT and

You have
speech
:

given ibe iwy beloved,

I

but deprived

me

of the

power of

i. tf.

am

so

much overwhelmed with

gratitude that I find

is

no words
laiikara

ix>

thank you.
c^Tcch'4

According to-the Bh'fL there

&G...^<|^ipfo:

Parirftja(viz.
Is

here.

This your act

your

escorting this damsel to 'me and restoring the ornaments)

({erfml
~fcre

won-

and so i| cannot be in keeping with your character (z. tf, JOB not what you profess to be), the whole ap|>ears marvellous. Since this has never been done by any other (thief) the power of
is

things (I most say)

fixed iu each individually

\vlijch

(j. *.

each

iadlfl-

dual exhibits only those qnaliiies

in
its

are peculiitr to
4

or inherent

nature),

^fsrr^f

&c.-^(If I

w^re to say)-^ To^d^y

you

hare shown what saintly character

is, it

would not agree with yonr

previous virtuous acts mostly of such nature (aa4 so I might offend

P, 80.

c^^KFsf &c,

It will not

!>e

reasonable to arrive at

a decision without haring correctly estiniated (or formed a proper

potion about) your noble nature (for you might have ck*ne nobler
acts previously).

tf^y

may

also m,eaii opinion,

swrt
(this
l>eloTe

worthless,

mere empty words.

obligations).
$}iould

H^rSf%

iff^f^M'^f had I nol obtained iqj

'

heavy priee

heavy
"'

(tljk
'

'"

'
' ' '

'

'

"

have perished).

:"
.''

^^ f^me
to say.
;

Mj

body

is virtually
SJ

gffi;

fromyoir. qiU^. 1!

fit
*
l

for

See com.

fn 4fri : -r-0< mrae,

way

of

action

whal

coarse do you me^ii to adopt

now

fo$f<tt(A

I wish to leave,

&&.

Of.

^ ^rc^ ^m^
dB^er^

Sws

sr

f^^mri ILL
Such an
wpjt
of.

rBeset with
Qf ik%

^f^f^^f

deficiency.
like

^|ifi plape bespeaks something

[341
talent

and

spirit

on

one's
if

part.

an awkward comp.,

not positively wrong.

.

Who

assented'

without any more thought

at our spy or guide.
vessels,

i.

readily.

^*r^7qrr

^o

served

3rF^t$~-every tiling except

as

the earthen,

TntfT^^n^f
chain,
<TlfnrTP

we encountered the town-police, i|%^-r,

-

The neck
P. 81.

Who

struck a blow slantingly

with his tusk-

on the broad chest of the driver that was thrown

down,

J^hff
destroyed

'.'

With his tusk encircled with his entrails.

(the
of
city-gun rd).
tree

STf^fl^

qranrfffrwr
fast to

by catching hold of the branches*

till

and holding
J*r

them

the animal
STrfrST

passed on).
a cluster*

^k

formed

of rubies.

ithe
|
x?

sun.

SjiTrH

proper

for

the

morning.
*"

3T^H <r-=n *T<2tl^

astir
*

on account of our deeis. gTr^frf^KT ^qgi in secret. ^fe'T* This bag

liandsome leather bag.
paternal wealth.
*JtSdi*fqgq'

Kuberadatta's daughter.
of

excellent leather
'

or

come

to be deprived. of

my ,-<-,,

I
,
*

STp^'TltT

of course goes with

sister

P. 82.
suicide.

3T^r53T^lT^

Tba

of

contempt.

ti,

STF^TT

construe with

^q^cf; by personal
rejoining.

^fft^r^H^^-^TR 1!. Bg. VI. 5.

.
fc

S|ft^|yiH

Cf f^rf%^ P^~
efforts,

sessing

tlie

power of

spells.

^nf%rTr

endowed with magical power

cffr^^ir

Qr properties.

s^nTf^fT
Assam.

hclding a lae of coins,

seems,

to have extended from the banks of the

\
'

Karatoya or
capital

Sitdanini to

the extreijieties of

Tiie ancient

of

this kingdom.-,

''

was Prngjyotisha.~
i

See our note on Eag. IV". 81.

^t^riT^fr

ex-,

\
\

posed to jealonsy.
;
,

^^^-^
&G.

excepting me.

jr^
got
the

yields treasures,

fulfil^ desires.
J

f%j

Bat on thk

conditiim that one

must

first.,

|
(

restore whateyer h^ inight Ijayp <Jishoi)estly

I I

3T^

And

after that

^f irq- ojfPT;

Jtd

...
vq%%

from

ofters

$&,
it*

This

is

way

of

making

I
i

grant ona's object.

P. 8S.

^plfr^fr

As

safd before

by daily demands.
to
-|

^
w

(to the king).

To

seek

redress

by

Li proceed legally against

another
ia the

name

Dhamumtra.

way.
"---The public hall.

^P8TT^C:

Full of eager curiosity

of

&c.~-liaving no other refuge than the lotus-bed

her

amorous or coquettish glances

lotuses eomp/note en

for

the comparison of glances to

3?tn^frT p 74 and
a&d
their externatiuns.
force.

^^r^TWTHT further
^ff^u^T
full display.

on.

^rren
<*

feelings

haying gained

P. 84.

wf^rtK^nPFft'

appearing more graceful or wili her

beauty heightened by the (flush of) success.

-through coquetry (natural to her),

f% ftt^f^

wither

^fa ^Hfth4H

with the eye-

Brows sportively bent. ^q%^ under some pretext. witli a longing that I eould not check.
l

feefing disposed to take

r:
:

food.

J^RTZfl:
state
of

*nth drooping limbs.

The lore-aSected
fixed

her

minC ^RTPfFT>-

who have

ycur affections each on the proper person to the common practices of courtesan*.-

with good and noble intentions.

*r

P. 85.
wealth.

IT|^F^T

WTia^Tr

a^

to be

won by

merit, not

by

llf^f^^rrfKfnif-

ot having succeeded in dissuading her

In^

feom her perpo*ei *g*ff^W^naippei unbranded f blameless, dialer virteous.

tie bud.

^T^r?

STfPWf

disobed'fcmtt

^rfT^I
'

^having-

won her or secured Eer aectio.

gent m

^rr^rPT^l' f%o^

BuddMst fe&ale

mtsadieant,

tid garments.

iod.

^Ric^

a harlot.

agreed to

my

proposal.

^rcfti^W^
30,
of

her temdr Imiid.

?/:

HI.

3^.

Es,

TI.
the

^rAiM^q^if :
the

A discussion was
5^qf

to

beheld

atwMii

theft

wonderful bag,

secret emissary.

MV4fd^W-~ft pai^sam <ar friend ^f Artha^ insulted:. Wgrl^^ spoke m&ny an a^^iy woxd;
.ol

Mjcrwaowii'pre
y
*
'

wcalth

jj^|f|

well- known.

?IWtf ~
fc/

**

WW--C ^Wi second self. *'* *

*""*

**

**t

36
(if

10 scruple to
Ac.

kill

even a Brahmana

there be need).

It needs only
<&c,

one night's wakefulness on

my

part

to

c)t&96

mwny your pride

fee

He

would

IMS

able to steal

means that by keeping awake one night Ms bag and so humble his pridci
feigned to be

Angrily.

^pRTft^rwho
pry*^-

uneasy

who

look, of paittf illness.

%^rW-^-The
carefully.

streets lined

with the

0! courtesans,

P. 87.

*f

qptt5t>--?ke poor fellow.

^f^^p^
his

^-^

refers:

to Rttjavahana to

whom

Apahara.

is

narrating
-being
to

story.

s^^r^
brought

*Rnrar~- denied

the charge,

PrHlf%%
According

proved, or
prescribed

home

to

him.

0^%%^

the

mode
of

of

msing it
SHI,

^qp*RC-~ humbly.

pT^f^JT^ff^Tbe dogmos
irf

Jaini-

the Jaina cult (com.),

rather

means from the power or

.

clutches of the

Jamas,

gqr^q^y

the hearth;

e.

she gave
f$r?r;

away

every vslaable in her house.

3r*3f 3[

prosperity.

secretly,

who had
ififcrence.

earned from the people the nick-nanao of,

^q^5?5p^-It
s^qf
fear or concern,

must be due to her

prescribed
if

acquisition

of

the magical parse,

the

mode.

nk--with apparent
*

looking as

agitated,

88.
.

si^st^i^i^-which
the source
of
its
,

has been

widely known.
pressed.
will

question you about that

fS^pir-when

acqiiisitioa.

aifirtv^.-you
in, its
'

wrtaialy disctose
to

my

mame.

kain,

series, of.
abonfe, tka.

p.rm,

II

not a proper coarse of conduct

lot, it d<>es

not behove,

The

sr^r^^^^
tJfcumkva.

,__.

t^

special privilege. of his wealth^

plans succeeded-

or,

"bore

their

fraik

The wealthy misers, the miserly sons

with broken platters
.in

of wealth. 3rar*TOT*T:

their hands,
;

f^RiR^^ ?^
*tTO2^~ 1

Lit.

the Hue drawn by Destiny

what

fated,

SFT3WT~- Love-anger.

JFftRRffa-i.

<?.

by JEUgatn.;

c/. for

the idea

^ TO^fasftyrfV
to.

n3tt*T^3T*^:| Kum. IIL

cated or hilarous.
.-(or

37,

^fr^rf*ft

of

got intoxidrunkenness and overexcitement

delirium).
JTs^jfafl

P. 90.

alarmed*

*3Tr*f^

Turning a deaf ear

enfeebkd by.

3Tf3Tfi5PC:

not well equipped.

WTCW

$Tr*^
ready
Lit.

cries of distress,
Wit.

sfrftw

brought back to

my senses.

ifr%^r
sff4^-

s^^^rt^ruused,
;

pondered, within myself.

in.

Covered with
be adopted.

hence involved

JTm^rnrT

the coarse or plan to

sffjfo.

TOtft*

4f<T

the, Norn, to this is

oszj^;

would be

bett er reading,.

P. 91.

^PTTT

Precious ornaments,

f^f:?^^
I

f-ree

from a

dart, easy (for I hare accomplished

what

had purposed to do).

^(TscTr

who knew how

to take the hint.

^7^3-^
Good

haying
sirs,

first

addressed them in conciliatory tones.

rf

^$cRT'

the violator or ravisher of (your) wife.

jueuts)

Courtesans entirely depend upon their decorations (dress and oriiai. e. by their means alone they can attract others.
inveterate enmity.

^<H4^y

srft^TWr^

seeming to have understood ora

grasped
title of

my

meaning.

5^5^;

good fellow;
It
is

lit.

having a

beautiful or auspicious

countenance.

used as an honourifie

address like Prq^fr^f, but in the case of ordinary

men

alone,

The
P. 92.

chief constable.

*3TT3v
*j 4 \

a prison.

^ntiT

highly conceited.

^ PT?^ who considered

himself the most fortunate,

3?cqy

death.

BFT^FW
j

not

much

grown, wiser by experience,

magistrate.
5jrFf
1B

^^f^^. Jailor

or,

the

principal

rr-~"Pu i9^Ki^fc causing agonising pain.

false

frie^nd^

ip^n?rr^~hQpe to regain.

^T^tw^
I wasr asked
p^^T|p|^p|m;*> with

^esolve.
^11;
*

^^---threatening,
^f ' ^uestion-sf

q^*ft M^^r^l^Ngft^
.""'

mn^er
4

" " " ^J^^-^whoJ^soiQie*

my

wounds

healed,

ST^lWr^nc
^ftilf

t]be

garment

of Yishnu,

appearing pleased,
P. 93.

wise plot, judicious plan.

fftf

3ffq^f:~in distress,

omit
so

this.
<fcc.

<m

account of the vice of drunkenness,

talk,

common

common
spirited,

public

rumour.

f?r^f^:--base~hearted r
in

^f^sfr

a box,

tkOT *l \^l^ Acting

accordance

witli the love

he bore to her(Raga,).

^"^r^TW^f
?rf

.'-dealt with, treaty

ti with proper remedies. 3Tif*Rf &c.

words,
tlie

refers to
is

student should remember, the nurse

Apahar., whoas quoting as ad-

dressed to Dhanaroitra.
not

71-e@F<tf

coaxing,

persuasive means.

muc ^ alarmed

at jour misfortune 4

whose confidence was gained by showing the token of recognition

from you.

3f5^T^RPIr~I secured her favour.

^ffnTrfT^

using

her as a means, through her medium.

P.

W.

STPftf

A present.
S}-*4tr*^r

^Hr^'^tQ"
letting

adjusting, putting
fall,

back

in its proper

plaee.

them

dropping them.
B?^^rr?J
pre-

7Tsivr4(i^t

close

to

the

princess's

apartment.

teadiiag to frighten &c.

.features.

N^I^^f^Hr^Trt
also

her amorous-looking

^j"3tf &e.

^1

made

a clever gesticulation.
quite beside himself,

FPf

with venomed point.

1

Byflfgr^
silk

sealed, q'sf ^",

w^Hifiif

garments and a few ornaments.

a cane casket
tove-affected condition.

st3*qi*d<rf^T
,?prf

The

different

stages

of

The

iristr. is

^-hi8 passion grew intense.

fqrj^F^r

gar^-tf.

worn by

Mr

the' -flay

before.

BT^rr^T

carried .aw^y.

^f^TW^-^ddre^i.
*-e

H^ITFr^c.

The

attspifio us

marks (of fu-

ture elevation) yon bear are not to be in vain or falsified.

neighbour,
with.

|^f^| 3?wwf Ac- -the

ill

coatemity with his words. This good fortune is- to be followed by

^

length of space 1>^twe

Ilie

tips

of

the

Mlfi lie haiKls when the arms are extended. surrounding

'

the;

pleasure-garden,

tKef or robber;

^fftsn^-after that.
race,
a

Sgr%% Mug ^t|e solar

who were

the guardians of the sacrificial

horse by their father

dug
it

tlie

earth

down

to the nether world In search of the

horn

was carried away by Indra In an invisible form,

P. 96.
.rx

^pf^rnar having come to an understanding or formed agreement with him. ^i*Tfr*T;--most intrepid. fM"-4he sa nm
by subjecting him
desired object
:

r^nm,
*ft

to peculiar tortures. 3T^: ftf^rfwwould be gained, l^^r-f olio wing my counsel. what is necessary to be done hereafter. ^ ^ :-your

or stratagem.

f%f^Ffr|Ttf -being liberated, set

free,

-the calumny of being false to

perpetually shrouded in darkness.

my

promise. f
issued from the
jjfsRir

f^H^RT^as I

passage,

arftfqF?r-with his dagger.

q-j like ^rff,

&c,

is

used

as a diminutive.

^R%f:

situation, position of the different

X'-ooms.

shape of a recumbent lion of which were set with flawless and precious jewels, iflt^

*if^tNfr*C &c.

the irory feet of the

according to the Com, means 'big/ It properly means

*to be

praised

or admired/
*

the

T^^ lying in their size or iawWsne&s.

stuffed with the

97.
of

^a^if^r

downy

feathers.

^.^H^O

the sides

which were decked viih flowers engrayed therein* This and the following compounds are all Avyayibhaor exposed to ylew f
Is

Vas.

j%pr~ 'bare

a better reading.
the side, ajF*$r

covered,

f^fffrT

little tarried to

The

in close contact*

^ryf

The

fleshy part between the ankle

the knee.

*cfcp^
beautiful

stout and long.

%ffef

bent (drawn in).

0n account

of

the extremity of one

in

arm

loosely thrown over the hips.

s^|^|rlRpRr

which the

other arm was contracted an4 throwu under the crown of the
tlie

palm

of

the tendfr

Imad lying
;

her fine under garment lay closely

adhefiiig i |o hei? person*

she

n a manner
of
:

in'
the.-

mbieJs

an<J
to,

woven in
seeii .lying

of ':|K& iti&ifcipe&'fl flemished gold*

wa.

te

near
ear

Jjer

beaufcif ul

neck resting slantiglj,.

Bf^n^^

in which the

["40

1
against the bed wa*
otlier
beautiful

ornament
* -little

Iiid

mder

her beautiful ear pressing

(lit.

half)

visible.

ftTOW

The
red,

ac

which was turned op.

f^gff^tinged
lower K P)

hair lying unevenly. (sflfts) braid of

of the uppe*

pr*nTo-her ^Rfrmcf^T^C The

*
tlie

loosened
interval
tll<5
|
I

Kp

( from tlie

'

space bet>yeen
lip.

two

lips

was covered up with the

Instre of the

upper

P. 98,

^^n-f^Tf^r

her stretched

hand

placed under

tlie

broad cheek served the purpose of the ear ornament.

In which the purpose

lira

of the ornamental

paintings (such as ladies

their
bodies) .was

described to have on the particular parts of

served by chequered (or embroidered) canopy

mirrored into her

turned upwards. transparent cheek that was

W^W^T*^ large
drops
of

and bushy eyebrows were still. 3^T=f^ her long and curly
tess and whiteness.

^W 'W'^^r- th e hair. ^r^fr>W

"*f

sweat.

suggests large-:
of

^^ff^ff^ the

simile

bespeaks brightness

colour and slenderness of frame on the part of

the

princess.

With my
with

desire to steal totally gone.

touched without previous intimation, (without being previously acquainted

experienced^ *&

my

naotive).

3{RH(r4 1

quite green

(in

love matters).

^%
some

M wSl
brash.
.,

be

all

over with me.

Pfg|fa*
(of

undoubtedly. BT%%frfrfi^~^ coloured or dyed with the

tree).

Yiseous exudation or

gnm

^nN'fl^n"

a drawing.

3*.

.&&

g| Vtt' ^^K.ll

&e.I
at

sketched her

sleeping in

that

postare and

mysdf kneeling
scented eateelio*
pair of
*oi

her feet

&a
bit or

spii
f
*

rol of betel-net leases.

*>y^fg^|-^a

piece

of*!

ttn"'

^^-rh^4fi^

red

like

ataktak*'
whitet

ChakraTakas painted on the

the lading or

-^iftff -^treated

as.

Vf^-muankble.

dp^rte;

that he had set

his hteart

on fee princess and attempted to break into the

r:^ji
'

fthouid procure

your

release^
.

toy elbows on

my

back (and

'P. 1001

'

^^gf^ft^old &ag

^tlt^^ving
<

guessed.
or
free,!

affected bj hysteria or Innacy*

ST^W=l>^-~ almost cured

1

-Irqm

Jiis,

malajdj.

f^JFTTr5*- *^ unbleached garments.

si

^"nr^TC &c.-he was allowed freely to

or

lie

down

i.

e.

he

Allowed the liberty of action. /*frgrcw-*frfllt ^f^n

pr~a
after

hawk,
lie

^f^fr~- rep Coached, despised. had, escaped from the clutches of the harlot.
that I -should thus obtain

P. 101*

f4^f^f^

your

sight.
BT*F-

misconduct,

crime,

BTPf<p?3r

havktg

attacked.

impatient (of the outrage).

forcibly,

^rC^f^Rftf^r

hostile measures-

jf^f^

the auspicious marriage string

to the succour of

{the

same

as ^TF^").

^r^r^j^rrpr^-^coniiag
*-having joined*

the king ol

P. 10S*

*I^r^:

ivhose dajs

were numbered.

being collected or arranged,

^^g^f^n-j--

throng of

taea

eommg out and going in. arnr^fa" 1>J e domestic piiesfc. -A priest versed in the Afcharrana lore was generally selacted by the
ancient kings.. Of. Bag.
I.

5$.

Malli.

thereon and

Kay m.

ISTit.

^Vl
?

-S2.

he wished (was about) to seize. *E$"~ striving (ta seize me). sfff%^r^- moving from one ropn*

Wf^^WT

As

io another,

-arf^f^fp^p^ seeing

her- before

me^

f^^fS"

The country

of

Yideha lay

to the north-east of

Mag*dia;

Ite capital, Mithiia,

If adhuvinl

same as Janakapura in Jfepal north of Yideha most have cohered, in ancient times, besides
is tliB

&

pert-ion of

epal,

tke northern part of the old district

.portioii of

of

Trihu

imd the north-western

P. 103.
Brf?y?f

-Ohamparanv
ft

a raised place oblong in shape near

life,

door.'

WfTlf^r

Sj^pg-^
fire

ohybu Two demons.

of long

515 ^jR^r

you must hare heard.

blessed with a foetus lor

snT^Tit^f^

when

trst

ir^me;

%^rtfRf &c,

what

fate overtook the

king of

Magada

unknown/"' ^fty%g^!yi|gqro who liyad by the effort of to -M&m^iKg'k; K '&e feiHg of Makwa did not allow his men
utterly

was

fd

kill

him.

^g-^r--of

Mar elder
jgpn,

brother,

s^rrar

ocaupie'd,

Ms

ftst^r's

g-p--^A couiitry

-which

laj

[42.]

to

the west of

Vwiga

of eastern

BengaK
ft*T

fir^nr-The
Bhills.

portion

of an army,
"I fell

g*^~the

wild marauders,

beneatbThe paw of a tiger, the cavity under the bosom,

p.
104.

As, *TF$<* Ac. bmwE caw. *fFT-

^n-m^--a
cowherd,
Sfrffc

bo*a

%9tfMp
a
hovel.

ffW<T

tut,

whose wounds were dressed and tendedas I was uneasy at heart

at p.p. 15.14. ^nfsrr^"
routed.

Cf.

the account given

here

with that

when tne "idlers accompanying us

&?%*$

>t*

niarry.
f

^W5 ^
a

disgust or horror for.

^nff:

refusa^
fate.

turned out to

be.

through adverseness of
finding his position unbearable,

5f<^ fi vi ^^T and

unfortunate, cursed*
life*

ftgaia
f?C"*

^r^f-

of love for her accursed

P. 1Q&.
with.

ST^t^l^xfft^r-

Claying violent

hands on, dealing harshly

p.

frfTO

secretly.

3Rf^rjr^
&c.

see

13.

to accept,

trrn"

^^"

fanse with or join them.

rank.
5f% R<3 ^

might make common real parentage and ^f=tf^nr-^as to ray

and the
citizens

^PT

subject to his rule, under

his

sway.
is

5^*^added

^Pf
^!T*f

long (of more than ordinary length). aad ^PTto ^q^nf% a

^FT^T-~^r
fraudulent

^m

scheme,

stratagems*

P. 10S.
at

^l^m^iai^I

sta ^ formulate a scheme for working

Ms

d@&tmctk>n.
>
.

^3^l^r^sTP"~'^ OWIL

awaJ ^J

^ ne

^ orce

*^ e
is

fei^ft.
*jes*.

s^^[

^^

a question to ^rhioh the expected

Answer

1 hope you kpow*

qf^ff^?9r l^^excels her husband

(iu accomplishments); or,

she has not

much regard

for her

husband,
to

despises her husband.

rKcM&'T:
fa,ult

solely

devoted or

a ttaqhed

lee
A

WiHH*
of.

hy finding

with and condemning the connec*

1

two

nn,ec[ua.I

persons,

^lil'^Tfl

*he heroine of Subandhu'si

work named
P. 107.

after her

and the queen rf

regret,

st^^F

resentment.
*fpf

ladies of the. harem.

jealous

^f^r^Fll^S^with the ^i^ff- the^ old a^gei*.

Ks

|o&ter mother.

SR^^F^Ttrt^r-^l^ying every

business*

fff^Wf^ having an
beau,

agreeable or welcome end.

-never separated from her.

pr^pr^f

the wrnba tree*

Jfrf"-

a beautiful woman.

f^fi'^T'i'nT

wondering,

.full of

astonishment*

^tirTO^

r^sent.

P. 108.
say.

3n^rfgtft-" rece fr e d

it

with

respect/
c/1

a^f^ff*r:-the one encircled by the oceans; tbe earth;

10.

g^r^%r^~Bag. X.
idea comp.

^p*??r^W<*r,

KM.

p. 8 &c.;
I. 8.

for

the

^fc?r 5T^ PfC5f^l5s5f ^T ?M1";

Mai. Mad.

^T

f%
is

WWft
but too
all this,

is

a question; 'what will he

get?

<j=ftf^f &c.-all this

little

he

will

and quite unworthy of have obtained nothing).

his

him. (And although I give him

f^s^^-fraud,

deceit.

actual
or

sight.

H^|*

^CLfring

incognita.
virtues.

humoured
f

pleased,
of

^pnfil^r

excellent

The depth

your heart or devotion.

P
if

109.

-q^r

%^ff & c
calibre.

t^ s

matter be determined upon,

i.

<f.

you are

really willing to deliver yourself

up

to him.

STPT

Vita\

power; %*% mental

^%?f -appointment, engagement or place

of meeting, rendezvous.

^7^
lt

such being the

will of providence.
built,

n
some
in features.

vitli

a body not symmetrically

not handaffairs.

qR^4' Ti<-~ m * pner of enjoyment, love fond of* ^f^TT^ - vain of his
*f

valonr -

iF

reckless in bestowing his favours.

f ^i< ^^jcff

W
her

confidante, confidential maid,

^Rt^fTlff

wto does not know

or state. proper position

Sfr^pfhrT

Tlie dancing maid.

^^^-4--

a creeper by kingi %r^r^ The selection of a particular tree and to be a favourite idea -ftdd quetoa as their parttcukr favourite ee^ms

with the Sanskrit poets*

;.

P.

1 10*

?rt^Wf
is

* &fo

i*1 ft

eaye

^m

P^ eastire mountain.

bedstead 'get 'Witfe'g^

i&att

the
liow he has

first

unworthy of

me and

commenced

insulting me,

49* BrT^pH:*"^^/. ^^prH^rTRmr^'W^: supra, p. The misery arising from their being eoBipelled to
^rftff

with a toan ihey hate,

grt
-will

&c.

1 Lave this

By

its

means I

eglatUsb him ia

ii3:(Tika.;'s> place and-:!ive:haviijg devoted tiiysflf

apf^&e.
their

what

is

to

be?

entirely.^ tini* done, next rests with you to .decide-

.WPrrFT-their
Bnbdivisong.

particular. stations,

pp^
out.

in

detail;

as

to

Sjf^

issuing

fr^rffcf -extinguished.

ik^ifl-pr.
"

The lmrning:chareoal In

the form of the

sum

'

P.

111.

TO*nf

violation,

coveting.

stract me.in.

sn^TT** qrf
(coveter) of

to

in-

^Tf^f

the admirer

the wife of

BAaspati. 3rf?n:nT-ettger desire. WJTTPT-smiling; shining brightly. '^W^PT' whose valonr was accelerated. ftrnsT^TT desire- for
-the conquest of.
ness.

^fqfter_vi
to

at ion of religious law

.

*sY^_.iayh]g

my

heartj hay ng

-haring extenuated O r palliated.

*"" T<f

or righteous-

pr

^
112.

^m%^-endow me

with.

I was seized or overpowered

mis-giving.'

^^7%?
f^rrq-

.fi woman,
P.
.-

liy sleep, jf having an excellent complexion; a

.

beaiiti-

sport.

happen, pre-ordained. SR?3refengaged ia no other pursuit. Sffa: used in order to keep np the same metaphor. *nftflfcf_ dyed with black paint. Lovers
are described by poets as dressing in dark in order to escape obserration when proceeding on their nightly expeditions. .with my loins tightlj girded. Hlftrr^-implements necessary

*f^r.---destined to

TOK

.for

my

purpose.

n^*_I'

^ter

mother,
ditch,

^^-filled
^qif^'^

,,p

with water.
ereet.

gfnsnt

when I reached the

jfl^:
113.

The tower attached

-cF^irfly

to the gate of the palace.

. Champakas. rafi*nr-a row of Bignonias.

P.

The arenue

of the

<nfr-i

northerly

direction.

.frtt^-*be
be
felt.

the fanlgiug

WC%7m

wall of the spacions palace nearly a bowshot's distance. Pio^v-Boih

th%fe,of, red

^^

sides of which were decked with the

<. %WVW- gTd

<

/oo* and

ptb.

!3^^-a,

box,

hare been

use<l,

passion

loned.
'

33%3Tf^"

^having

deliberately

undertaken to do.

s^f4

put to shame*
'

Simiar

descriptions, have already occurred*

saffron.
.

trf^fOT^NFET
sweet.

-having excellent smell,

read $T?nq;.
tjjffriafis coii-

P. 115.

ti^jINT

JTHTT

T
\!

sldered auspicious.
Pftryr^

^^Tfj

equipped.

t5far%^|o

SK&f^
life.

^l%^^T^r.
is

*frW

tending to bring back to

^r%?T
rolling.

the ace.

peculiar,

STCRRTrqf

when she

readied her achme of pleasure,

^T5jrK*f
1

srre^fs^rftfl

redd jsh and rolling.

covered.

3T*nft*
of.

free or unrestrained.
sfj^nrf
-fixity of.

'bearing the

wounds

a better reading.

^
|

P. 116.

^^ 5m%f^OT

slightly, a faint kiss. 3?^-.

^r^nrsr:

&c

This tEy slave

her hands.

feels life to

be without purpose,

sy^yf^^ff

folded

^f^hfJi^JiRr

herself seeking the love of.

Sfprefrvj"

purpose of the heart, intention.

reason,
trr^

^Tpi^K

without asking the

of.

The climax

or

highest

perfection
;

proficiency, skill.

SYTt$(g3<$:M-an excellent portrait

^ct

is

added 5rr^T^%first

Hff^T
is

having that virtue,

ftf^ ^!
1

$ee

com.; the

meauiiig

preferable.

f?fg%
retired,

after the priest

has

worshipped the Ere

yrith offerings

and

Bf*n>

aloe
fail

wood.
to

P, 117.
out

frofff;

^disagreement; you should not

carry
1

my

instructions.

STJ^W
prescribed

when they approve of

^T^pjf^n"
by
the

it.

JTFffWpnrEf-

a part of the female garden.

meet.
tilled,

a place where four roads

Bfp^pr^T

Atharvaveda.
of the

^t^yffyif-

rRgTO^Hf
sign,

The disappearance
far

smoke was
&c,

to serve
!
will

bina as a
ftot raise
?

H-*n2"

advanced,

^fffrttt^rty^
qrn?Ji

a ^oblia for
is

my own

destruction.

4^^

injunction

tas
I?

of the

Veda (wJuch

not to be gain-said).
' .

a wonder.

P,

118..

^q- ffilf^Pfr

This cannot be a deception, but

there be any possibility of fraud,

thought
pitchy; o?
T

w consideration

to

the matter.

des.

iflT^^t

white mustard,

f^f marrow,

The garden

attuch^d t^ the palace,

'[46]
d :mble meaning.
resolve
:

(The
is

fool) lias

made up

liis

mind

or

taken his

(2) he

doomed.

^lRd^T ffW
ajffrj.

accordirg to your

instructions.

P. 119.

*PT7f?r

*FT: love tjf

*rj

The

father

or the

a girl in marriage, elderly person authorised to give away

OT^T
intertwin-

The
ed*

forepart of the foot or the tiptoe.

pft3*^ra<TO

f^Fcf*

sportively turned.

120.

^rjfi'WPL

read *TOfr

PWI5J
will

fire -

3"<Tf%

fraud,

trick, Imposition.

^t^^qTW^T*
will

you

loose

your own form

and gain

tin's

you

be

transformed.
of

1 wuuld give out that he died

bet- ii settled

indigestion,

has.

or plotted,

^^rasfe"

a portion of an army. trrafrf^f,

diritriL't

of

eastern
1

Bengal,

^rsfr^T

two

proper

name*,,

^Pf^THrii

^Wn^
The

Khanati may be a Persian or an

^f?Riri

Arabic trader.
village.
sheriff,

^^

a diamond.

The headman
of

of
;

principal

man

the

country

the

proper name.
i^"

^K'myfh

a wicked leader 0f

hj exciting ihe people of the country

against him

by stirring factions against him, a general or commander.

aTf^5T*rnET
lately

P. I2L

.^F^S^

- the
planned
clarified

vrork of uprooting or destroying him.

or set on foot.

JFfSFT*

into

which a great quantity ef

butter was poured. %^rf

i.

frHT^- 1

admitted them into

my

presence
(lit.

*.

received

their

homage,

^^r^s:

having very stout

coming
after

cluse to each other) thighs.

FlfifT,

WT
;

Ac.

Pan, IV.

1.

^ is added to 3^ in the fern,. 70. ^r^qqM &c.35^wrf gw

*

^rp^F

^Tir?

for the

j^amuls see com.; the JTamulantas of q?^

is

and ^1 preceded by ^f are used when there or instr. used as an vpapada.

pmetices of the rojai house,
service (and not hostilely
r

noun

in

the loo.

rnfrfTr^^f ^f?5^

The

custom^
read

sgfwrllg*

only being devoted to his

disposed towards him).

^f^ff

overpowered by
^being

distress

and (consequent)
or ripe

despair.

$iira*

desperate,

regardless of their safety.

Mir

seed

com

harvest.

P. 122,

Vf^rtff^

That there should be no transgression or

8tf*[*i<T

violation of justice or righteousness,

P r per or

suitable,

TTHJpS^r^-The
be destroyed*

sheriff

of the

country.

f^fflf^f*rtTi-~~<le$ired to
to his

!Tfrf?l^

when restored

own dignity

or posihostile

tion.

?fc*^;

adopting hostile measures

loudly
pressing.

aggression or
JJ^tj^AtSr*

attitude.

^sgfl^RFtf:

who

had

reached the highest point of ecstatic joy, at once (^) installed the Yuvaraja
of

3^R?5%

*q-

&c.-~ 1 was

(crown-prince) at the

command
;

my

parents.

TOfntSHW
it

whose object was accomplished

or

according to the Com. with

my

intellect

closely

applied '(to
of

my
you

work).
out
*

Does

mean
L
e.

Meditating on the means

finding

^PTT?

of course

Rajavaha&a.

g^nTFt
3?fSrof*T
ajflr

unpalatable,

insipid,

disagreeable.
TT.
T3R"

RT%Rrenjojing.
^Htj^TT
This
is

an

attack.

swift of foot,

quickly marching,

the object of.

adultery.

according to the principle

*End

justifies

the means,*

3pTPTr

destruction.

BT^i*^f

ac-

complished.

P, 123*

f^fT^f^[%Twr ?

^M ^ fixing npon

him an

affec-

tionate and long gaze,

^f

I,

who am thus commanded,

^f^iyf fg o

'%3R-

Plf

having the same miuslon to perform^

sea-girt,
flcT

bounded by the ocean.

^Rf ^m

*ri&R8tfo 3faf*ml*Sft

^T

^Vrr^t
of

the sea,

^q^44

having bathed.
is

57f%g%*^
'

the lord

Benaras or Kas'L

The name A?imukta

thus accounted for

Tbe
the
a-

destroyer

of,

demon Andhaka^

S'ira.

^TPfPl^^"

veiy

tall,

large iron bar or rod used for locking or shutting a

gate,

^Tt

who was

girding his loins.

indicative of

^s&*f

swollen^
act.

misery.

4JI<*if~r4f^

seme desperate

a deed of daring, such as suicide,

r:

ijfc H

^4^

*rftcfflr is

preferable.

time for

me

to render

him

help,

^qj^:_preparation.
1

f%t^haTing
JBho.

closely

observed me^

^jfg

Accorda country.
tip

igj^pi

is

one word,

%$&&
lpiir

being the

name of

ateeady -occurred..

Though brought
will of destiny, as

with

ear&

^*^^|

in ofeecSmcs to

the

was fated,

[48]
J-

a merchant.

The word

originally

signified

'ft

cultivator of
nie
;

land, a peasant.*

OTTM*nf?rfi

caught with the

money on
f$ 3=nf%$nft

caught red-handed.
.lighting in killing.
^jf^vfjfs^

5fW
grrR

sentenced to death..
principal.

do-

^^%^fc~-ctirling
$jf^T
f?

his trunk*

when bending down

between
the

to strike.

holes.

the part

two tusks.
tail.

a driver.

enraged.

prf^T

turned

STrfTS":

censured, reproached*
.

!^tif
>'

the goad.

P. 125.

Profa^TFT
elephant,

The outer corner

f*rgt

of the

eye.

ft^cfffe

This pig of an

peremptory.
to

rfff^**r

&c
'

Canj
1

you therefore
act

make up your mind

desist
of life

from

Ibis unworthy

and

to follow

an honourable course

by accepting service]
his

under me.
tnJr:

TRrff 3HT

%T
of

who had secured

confidence.
adejit

f%*gin

reputed for his intellect' or .ability,

^rff^";

the

Yeda.

^*n3^
S'iva.

born

his

second

or

step

mother,

%$f

Th

habitation of harlots,
^*r?T

g^r
secretly.

profligacy,

dissolute conduct,

vf

P. 126.
^TJF^r

39?r7.^T^T

-pregnant.

yqftsR':

cast

on.

the city watch.

^^TT^r^r
srrftnftwf.

The

severity of

punishment
the pleasure'

il^i^iMl

goes with ore:

in the

sriifr5"5fpTR:

mountain

garden,

^rqrcf^

that were

hand

or

could

be got at the time,

srrf^t^

about to be killed.
off
1

^3^^;
that

J
|

The
him.

blow did

riot kill

him but only cut

the

cords

bound
xff%%?r

^rrfr^T^T

having with her

the' means' of service.

decked with her sprout-like hands,

'about her face.

g^*

-her curly hair waving

BT^T

% me

in this plight or state,

familiarly addressed,

^fjr^in

the form of words.

Hie residence of the dead, a cemetery.

^
1

p 127

^^IIHH?"-- th e

the poor girl,

gathered

Kubera, ^^[^^r iprr^.&c. the sum and substance of the whole| ^pf^the same in different lives, ^f f^> &c.
r

royal court,

fiAvali was K4mapdla s wife in more lives than one. ^i* birth aha had. been his wife named AryadasJ, lie
9f

In a pre*
heing

t^

boy wb^ge

jrebirih

[49]
mat! had involved Kamapala into his present trouble,
<&c.
-

ST

It appears that she

was separated from the boy soon after

brought up by VinayavatL IjW^nT whose laws are fixed. The other fTrTf'cf ,"
4-

Ills birth,

who was

therefore

Destiny,

providence,
"offtft!"

means "Yama.
P. 128.
retaliation.

called into existence, created.

sjvMM'^c^l

having returned the injury.

FT^rNf^T

IR^T.^ trembling, ^f^rp^^f With your daughter; see p. 91, The 3?*|fc2rr
mean %^r; but
jarf^o
it

who sought union

Com. takes
of this to

seems rather

to

mean

'by

an equally desperate act.*

w ho

conferred upon

me

the favour or honour

accepting

my
L
t?

daughter's hand.

^sgT^RpEfbRT

transgressing

the

bounds o!
;

propriety.

^f^fWW^f
a mantri in

under the guise of the uiinesteilal post

really a

Yuvarhja. shewing the same regard or consideration to me.

am

name but

3?r5^?^f

con-

S5EE^%
P. 129.
ijjfjtf

rat^HT

properly,

duly.

^r^ff^rfrffHj

flushed

by

the pride of youth.

^IfP^nf^f;
f^s^g'

insinuating something vpieked.

this,

5cnTdissolute

he was persuaded to believe

^pl^p

this

fellow, gallant,

The

elder brother of your

of

Highness. 3^r-

To gain the confidence

the subjects.
;

RT*ffRr^3T
set against

q^r

him,

made

to

be eairarcally disposd towards a change.

him,
telling

3T^^jt

ST^njT^tsfby
or another.
to

lie.

what account.

RFfft- ^Hfefnr^rf

wbo was ofendeded or dissnfreprf^gT

pleased for some reason

"toy

addressed
as

name*

This

is

all-acted

by

Sanskrit' -poets

by a constant

source of trouble Yic. p. 31.

3

and oHence to
&c.
all

ladies.

Cf. rT^Tf: f%r??r

sr !^"

disregarding entreaty.

jealousy increased
"

the more.

Sfr^^

left us.

3T^?r^frT
JTf^H*
*

is

-wasting away.
prdb&bty.

frW^T
Bead

mental distress or grief.

' '

very

P. ISO.

R^
_

RW.
;

or agreeable, iadiffereftt^wocds.
at erery station or

3T^^^rHTPf:*--n.ot very pleasing 3?^^f^ threw into coniinemen fc.

public centre,

wql^Si"ff% &c.

[50]
his eyes are to be

jtt-Ltefore (he should I hide it from you.

&e.
'

in such a way that death must ensne. pnt out w^FT peril, danger. ftr T* &<?. Why dies).

*ffc
end

in in

the crowd,

v&cfr

wft*
having
3*TT

Cf.

All

my

efforts

will

smoke.'

arfSnjsr

caught or secured him.

*E^^
be cast

accidentally,

srpr

as

*'

ft^&c.

I will so restrain. or check

will

the poison

(from having a

mortal effect) that he

off as

one dead.
arrived

^fTO5rr
after

should be apprised or informed.

events.

ST^RT
mother.

pst

these

P. 1S1.

r^TT

refers

to

his

pfc^r
for.

without any

regard (to his connections

nied in

&e.).

qrfttf^arr
of,

should be accompa-

death.

BTjJirt
obsequies,

worthy

proper
a

qf3pftfrfr:

the last rite,

qrn^rffc
the

convas screen or curtain.

^^^

a bed.

rra^^rr

outer

compound,

^frsr^rWFf

the place of proclamation (where_his__eyes_ were to be taken out). &c. secreted myself. ^(nn| as they were available.

OB divers subjects, all manner of talk. ^?:^pr adv.; an adj. qualifying accompanied by loud shoutings. It may also be
i
i

^f^H

the populace, the mob.

It

may

also

mean

the principal
first

citizens, in

which case ^|r^F^T may have preferably the

mean-

ing. qft3H further on y however,

means

'the mob.'

irctqrrcHnst be-

low me. OTTS-secretlv.

PT, 3fj.H|A-Two proper names.

^T^tFFT
the proper punishment.

^Sflfc^

-having secretly instructed or prompted.

sight or blindness.

total loss of

^T^T-is

STKN^N*-

a }udge or magistrate.

1
7

P. 132.

vQ^t ?rrr--see com.

as

if

I were

terrified

or pre-

tending to be frightened.
life.

Hi^tt ^-ensuring the preservation of his

desired (condemned)
to be

f^TT P^rfhT:-was

deprived of.

Sfl<*i*

^7
of

(the expanded hood) r& a^^; q-^f a snake,

seized

^^j^o^
shall

^d away
real state

being

or over-powered by fear.

<>Sf*j!-3ro the

things,

^r^-steadily.

gn* 7^^qq-I

he

disgracing

my parentage, ^^fj^^j-^j in gnch by/ H^RiPl^The

cases
effect

meails

being

151]
P. 183.
iirffa^f *TrFT~actmg the part of Garuda
effects
*. e.

In sub-

duing the
p> 126.

of

the poison.

srr^RW-si
Is

^qH^^nf^T &c.-Tlte construction

.

SU^rnj-z.
another,

VasumatL
II

3f^Tfr
^yq'f
1 r

3T*TT

?* v&tfc looking like

life

as

changed,
l

awhis

regaining his

and son.

?ftfrgK"-a little.

iri% Tr%--" " hat

measures are we
2

to adopt,

what line

of action do

you mean
qiitfrfB'^'

to follow

134.

protected

by a

rampait.
of

BT^E^r^

the

store-house of au inexhaustible
inipregnable.
disaffection,

number

weapons.
prove
of,

gf^r

defence,

^g^^^-ap

like,

rebellioa,

iffrcarf^r-ordlnary

^ oes '

as the Com. takes ^frtf-proud, Insolent ; or taken defensive measures ; secure against, 3jf^nr^nR"--having born enemiesH|pt'eh'-*hostile
;

it,

lit to be

adopted against a foreign

foe.

-were counteracted,

g^ff^f-read

fW^

9T?^rre<5r

house*

<"^ ^ ^

Ioellness 3 slenderness of the body &cv > '-expresses

Pr^fPTT
the idea

-entirely dispelling.

f%**nrf-the presiding goddess of the earth,

dignity.

The

simile expresses lofty

wff
&c.~<7/. for a similar Icjea

jRirjfcffa-Cf. &c. Kad. p. 23.

<(?.

for

3^^pct,j^qf^C^r
plant,"

Kad.

p. 11.

P. 135.
fear.

^^ft'i-Kas'a,

*rr^pT-*piteousIy
occasion

through
for
it*

a^igrtr^r-Tell us.

^n^T^" -there being an

3f?r^r free

from any mishap or danger,

|p^pq"~-the abode of the

gods, Heaven.
*-ia

Sfi^^-big
;

with child.

^Tl'^-in

secret.

lawful wedlock

goes with
'

them openlydancing and

P. 136.

a?crf^^^^^J^Ql girding
jjf%^f~an

againt*

or as a

safe

asylum against.

underground

mansion.

mjisia hall
affyqr^r^f "*

qoftsf-retinne or train of attendants.

articles

of

luxury,

stores.

Inches deep

In

the

wall
In

arf^^^
years,

stone-covering^

haad or a span

measure (square hand).

;.

teed generally ia the pL

mother.

^rt-granted

that.

fi-the ted chamber,

^hr-a multita4e

[52]
of

women.

The

aff.

3 has the sense

of

*a collection of.'

bound.

HfSFT-snllen, gloomy.

Nc4cK*rHhe adventure about the

vile in

subterraneous cavern.

j^frrf^pT^ase-hearted,

purpose.

P. 137.

3T*TTf

ar

at --explains why be was not set

serviceable before,

oFT^FTWith the proper ceremonies. STfrm &c. who has been liberty. fTcTcfT^T
to serve a manifold

^^q^^f made
is

purpose.

% *^f]pc:

Simhaghosha
with

Arihaplila's father-in-law

on account of
daughter of
smiling

his marriage

Mauikarmka,

the

posthumous
brother.

Chandaghosha,
joyfully.

Simhaghoslia's

elder

jftfcK^C

BT^BTT touching or scraping the clouds,

after st, cgr?
e.

(Pan. IIL
,

2.

42)
nll <i

see

com.

jr^ Before the

takes the

aif.

i&%\

aff.

*r?f

mid w$l the words

s?^ ft^

tnat ending iw 3T

forming the!
take they

object of the verb with which they are used preposltionally

augment *f. The word belongs 3y.

;
''

sn=rTO^;-^jfFq qffi^ a tree.

to the

h e j comes in irregular;

q{T*^trf\ c ^ ass

P** 11 .

VI.

1.

157.

Hli u

N^<i^p--the evening
irregularities.

sun.

f?TWr?RTthe high and the low

were levelled.
^lil^^^rifcf ff%
;

places,

^^TrfTrT

!r.

^-f^^-)

ferocious

animals.

^l|o

S xiva

^[^

nocturnal^

Biglitly.

stf\jfftf

covered, screened.
(aff.

F. IS?.

lpEv3T~W
liig
it

Pan. V.
felt

8. 52.

as a pillow.

an inde-

pleasure. oT*3TTrf^r2--felt cheered or delighted.

bristled.

pRTFf- a canopy,
sr^pT

^pr^r-near.

ariW'T-a
;

bed.

little displaced.

&c

^^rf

Tfater

o^q^e^,
lifted

"-T"e Primeval

Boar that
\ras

the

Earth out of

tl>e

waters Into which

she

sinking.
closed, (2) closed

.daaeittgy throbbmg,

q^cff-a

bee.

^^f^-fl)

la steep.

tfl^H^^i'--The

hlue-Iotns-like eye takes

the pkce of

in t&e closed lotus.

.upper

the sky.
tlie

cavity.

dome of

his

temple

[53]
trident on
Its

summit,

white-washed walls.

WT-a mansion with comes this. $^*^-* silken cpp^r~-whence

*3?%^
lofty like.

bed stuffed with downy

feathers.

^fhrcfipr*

the

nyraplis

arerf

the ropes supposed to be borne along

<fec.--the

formed of the lunar raysj

goddess Lakshmi.
acted npon.

^fT^T%

-(1)

is

closed; (2) closes

ber eyes in sleep, sleeps

i

one of the

signs which distinguish her

from the immortals,

there
appear,

^j^T-variegated, dtcked. 3ft*r~on which f ^PT makes no sense, ft^i t\ L is preferable*

ifc

%^-tT^j-

change

of colour,

being

dri-ed

up.

qp*Nr- the paint or

tin-

M T
^ f

ji

client.

trfj^mrro~-accordin O as Tl^ II

they J

are used,

*ar^jf^*t^--duski^ <*.
of

ness.

These are the accidents from uhieh the denizens

heayen

are exempt.
six by which

Three of the signs here mentioned are among the

Damajanti recognised Kala,

F
I

cf.

ff
I

r^Rrq
^1
(^

cT^

^[^

v <\i n

*i

*^

XIV.

20-22.
is

&c.-

By

ob^erring these signs he determines that she

a mortal

and not a superhuman being. ^T^TTT"^ loveliness. ^?ff:--joincd together, stout and firm (not loosened like thdse'of married ladies).
*jprj^To_on account
lip.

of lier

longing.

B^t^H'-her

ruby-like lower

^^^| qif-not
${ *\

very fleshy,

^ff^-f tilly developed.

subject
to

P, 140.

^m ^TO

Because she had not yet been

the influence of love.

J%^spi^c-gracefully or charmingly through

iimocense or ease of mind (freedom from any misgiving).

whose mind has never entertained or harboured a thought unworthy

of

an honourable man.

The intended sense

I

is*

well

brought out
of

la the com.

Sff^tf*H^' f

in obedience to the inspiration

love.

Body ^ neither
,

in cloS0 contact with nor separate

from her person).

of,

BVtnF5?*~~-overpowered

by

or under

the influence

H'^rir^i-"

feigning sleep, outwardly asleep but observing whafe passes around.

54

t-

em'

ling,

broken.

^m^Mi^f-*|--tIie

beautiful corners of her eyes.

com.; pjfSro-pariicular posture of the body in the presence of a lover;

rfej.

Rnw-particular

sportive, actions of
;

the body under the influence of love,

amorous gesticulations

see

com. ftVHf^ffSf-Lii, screened or mixed with; hence foJLof

^H||^I

controlled by modesty (i.

e.

not freely displayed)^

%W*
tfftfftf:

under the sway of vehement

love.
^<fq.rVcfi

(Mad. Sam

);

languor or exhaustion.

clusters

of the drops of perspiration.

corner,

*TgT*

charmingly

contracted at the

fsprrrr

lit.

means

'the third part'.

P. 141.
I do not

for 1 ft

under the influence of some unknown power;

know how.

As

to the

unknown power

see p. 148.
illusion,

L 10.

unpleasant, disagreeable.

Raider
till

an

-I

shall

lie

down without food

i

1 gain
;

my

object.

P . 149

Kad.
deity

p. S35.

^g^mj
Ac.

means l^ing down without food before a

secnresjijs desired^end. ffegr-worn

and keeping, there MiLpJ^e

drily red being destitute of

the red lac-paint.

parched,

^--^usky.

^13%^

the animation

and

excessively virtuous conduct worthy of a noble family. fc$f* %OT which had the grace of, which looked like. a sort r of a covering. The technical meaning given by the BLft. does not seem to be intended. The
re{3*

glow being gone, only blood remains behind. ^TT^Ttn:

^n^rfi^

M^

f^

tfTOtilHdNir
wife

preceding signs

showed that she was

like

a dutiful

in separation pining for

^ er Lusband

^TR^mr

greatly emaciated.

The

repetition

shows

**5fFr
t

superhuman
affection.

power,

*ftTOro

complexion,

-maternal

&ee p. 19, ff ^FT^fr Being the mother^ of Arthapala, she bore maternal relation to the other also]

P. 142.

^^^1^

Kwma*
"
i

they ^>re boimd together by a sort of

artificial

fraiern%j

miad or

[55]
clouded.

form 0f

3?f*ro* demon.

afflicted

with

repentance,

^fror

in

the

s^RTf :^m
arrftST
:

that you should experience

possessed.

th
of

pangs of separation.
sj-

3*f^ft_name

rtown. your
i^rr

tTOW: ircf^vf

I did not

know yon properly or as to

pr^pif*^
a Tery lofty crime (the offenetf
inclined,

real character.

rflrw*-besefc with many, abounding in, dangers,

pleasant or delightful in summer,

*

^
I
I

3TT**llrfl

4 ^ ti

n n
).

her divining

my

I offered to

my

husband

JPRT

favourably

of^?r

would be a better reading,

P* 143.
heart.

I
jp

R^n^T^
cfiRrwrtfr

I regained

my superhuman

power.

*ff^"--*

^fTtTT^" &c.

do not

disclose or

communicate to each otiter

their love.

subdued or enslaved by.

H5W^F

on

finding an opportunity.

Perhaps the reading

his

is

OH^T: on definitely

knowing the
out
for,

object of

love

(lit. his

mark).

3Tr^ftf%
a
<

set

pnpr

a market place,

^irq-

a merchant,
1

citizen.

The word

occurs in Vic. IY, 4.

tfrw^

ggcjb

^^| %t in
;

old cunning Bruhmana.

qrifi.^h^^i'1'R^of the cocoanrat breed

large
Ifc is

and strong

ock,

<4^i4ilHlt>s

one

of

the

BaMka kind.
and dunghill.

described as long-necked,

white, of a shrill cry,

fcjtt*4lff3
1

up or matched againt.
with the real nature of things.
xft ^urge or box,
'

made acquamted

^^fftll^I
,

*.

bovae-wif^ a

'P. 144.

^f?i%C*f

very farious, ^greatly excited,

?&*&$'
o-r

as each struck the other.

Ihe parii,saws^f' meb*

1&

t&e war-cry, the ery

she|t of eEeouraganfc.
country,

for the

Bmk

bel0aged;,lo::lii6 eastern part of the

*T*f fl^t

f^^for
it.

Because r%C3T
i|ar|^or

&c.

^fc^^

If there is

an occasion

alternately,

closely

marking.
Bm4i"il*ich
e.

-elosely
draital*

marking.

^ H tt^'^i

sarmisingly.
;

not
by

not surely a matter of chance

oeoastoueJL

some
one.

motive*

^^UWf^lT
fSQXQ.

engaged

in

eonversation,

%^f*fH^f

.eoramg

a dii*irafe c*mutry (and not merely a

3Jf:

different village),.

a foreigner*

a favour. ?=Rn*
a

P.

U5,

^nsfi^-Hread ^f^"^

crowd.

srf?fin%

[56]
portrait.

^T^n=mtW^ormented
importuned.

and driven to insamty.

lit.

*fH2r:

^W

adequate,

capable of
*

explaining

the whole,

^3^^
could
it

suspecting.

^^--swelllng,
allow to pass.

T isin ^-

**-

W5T:

be a dream. ir*^

having

made

her give her assent, having persuaded her.

& village at the foot of a mountain*

F. 146.

{%^Jf52T-having asked
I

me to

take

rest. (7/1

TW 1WFRH
Of. *F<*Kfr
is

Mud.

p. 70.

sjoSfr^r-ordering back,
Vic.
1.
*re*fti

exceller, a rival.

^Tnjforw Pro
its

noted for

softness.

Cf.

^T

^RpFfo^T
having
In

*%

p. 19.

^iTptfrifgr
steel-pointed

seen accidentally.
arrows,

^iTRm^ %f%^F Vic. p. 10.

changed

^fir^f

q^f^o
of,

my
.

dress for a

woman' g, having disguised myself

assaming the charaofcer
throne of justice
z. e,

female appareU
fejnKtn
dis-

^F T _3|?5 l% j

giving out that.

figment

seat,

sitting
^Tlie

on which a king

penses judgment.
learning.

FT37PPT &c.
&t
for

only price

charged was

%fffT

marriage connection.

$f|f *fr f fj
succour

betrothed.
||
*

pf*TT?Rr^rT

the care of (grown up)

daughters being

an.

ar.laoas or difficult task.

STfTW^rr^
aTWi'^T^Pf
helpless,

Ae

protector or

!
t
\

of the distressed.

BTvfrm^
BT^Tm

proficient in

sacred lore.
left.

See com. at

p.

147.

having no other course

;

3Trf%rnT whose careers were as

king.

his predecessors.

Or 3flf^nr-Manu noble and exalted as that

the chief of those

of

Manu, the

first

snft^R^W

^fTff

5*f

^:Her
chastity

P. 147.
violiit-s

^T^l^f

gives the f 5.

remaining in-

under the shadow of your arm.

^ff^cfFrTC
a sort
of
>

3TpT*T*!T3HM
equal
to

approving

oP

it.

measure

of

distance

two Kros'as.

^TpfiT
aport.
^ff"jTsrr*

cane.

j%^r^5rrir^

being deeply

engaged in

^?'f^^rrr^

I shall emerge.

SfT^rnff
enjoyer

the royal assembly

of

he

is fit to

serve

you,

the

wealth

i.

e.

the

wealthy king,
--- .i

^rjff^-

one who has mastered.

L>c. of tlioir object, ^^ .................. .*..-

Words

lik
'

govern the *-*.,-

by the J

VYirfc.

The

six

angas or minor works necessary

for its proper uaderstanling of the

Vedas aad the

ritual

are

r,M

logic

it

also

means metaphysics or srfra^r. Cfm

I

Kamandaka ^TF^f^^FrTO^ ^^rrrg5Tj:^qf:

BRR^W cfr?
a
:

ftnlr sj^frf
3TPTT
arr *
facts

II

%Ji

sF^nr

practice,

^r-a

treatise

on

particular
historical

I"RTfra"~"properly
so

means the philosophy

to teach

of history

arranged

as

moral lessons &c.

of

T-If^sr^

portions of the

Veda, the main object

which

is

to explain the
fcr>

true relation of the world, as also of the

individnal soul
.

Brahma

and to point out thereby the true means of sal Fat ion. o or the Purvaxnimamsa, which explains the Yedic ritual.
&c.

an anpreciator of the merits

or

of

others without being

8'

jealous.
qf

?5^,L3iMl

^f^TW*
confusion.

niunificient.

&c.
T

^Nor do I see any virtue

perplexity,

which he does not possess.

BrfsfW?*!"*
all
1

embarrassment,
fact

^
gra-

mentioning the

that

worldly

things are after

transitorjt

proceed. to t be prepared for,

tified.

^trsgraf

feaviug

c^HcMT^^fche laying out of or fonnalating a plan or scheme.

This somewhat abrupt introduction
at the close ol the
of the

Traf^^T^r
the

name

of

Brahmana

episode

seems

to

have

Iieen

sug-

gested by the

q^
f

in qrqs^-.

3T^?chi^~ij^gdiate ? instant
nobility of

los..of

should rather have been

blooming with
This'

smile.

^fSrrF-high

spirit^

may

also be takes as

an

adj^ qualifying ^"r^cf^.

P. 149.
T,

qfi:^yfff%^a
;

sefen-stringed

instrument,

gtntar.

on forgetting her passion for her residence

foe goddess

Yiruihya^
;

3>arg% called further on

of, will

will
bail,

be the vassal

depend on.

playing at
?

moTiftg the ball dexterously*

P.
"i

I0.

^Hf^f
,^*^

tef

losfeer sister*

gf^lt^
of

forcibly; often

^
'

n^smad*
ww^,j^^f4^i

r 4iM W .*^

aM|iJM^-^be
tk** *

tlakKiig
of

anklets,

g^r

gpTK-

psr^rrEaalsiag

Ipwr

WI rfcw
no

me.

RWfdfe CRL
%^Tfr^

powerslave

tea

to i^ali|tl^ wliidl fi^i

Hft^aas of ret^liatioa.

-^

[58]
or

a harlot.

^:-tlic

cmtrtsan-class,

*R*fSttf
tile

I shall be coil-

filming.
IP.

^*ff ^f

I will niyselF lead

way*
is

151.

irfWararf^
1 will stand at

a sight of
lier

her

freely allowed to all,

is

elbow,

^qfc
in

any seat for

beginning any exhibition.

BTT^
heart.

she at once stood in (occupied,

took possession of)

my

af*ro$

her

P assa S e from
if

where she stood to

my
is

heart.

f^W
is

admiration,

if &c.

he means that she

Lakshrni superior even to

in beauty.

BTq-^T

unblemished, blameless.
to the embraces of many.

Lakshmi

submits vadya because she

previously enjoyed

by any one. crosswise ; or with lire without blemish or deformity, sarcsror-throwa on whie? were of a tanicd downwards. srFfCni-the spots piluis means excessive or 1" the other case deep red paiiifc. sjj^Rrft*- gently through sportiveness. ?*rfi tt ten

3T^rt^R-^sh, not For ^r*r eomp. Bg. XVII 10.

B^^f

faultless,

^^m
it

pts>io:

^jfa &c.
her hand.

Throwing

it

up after having caught

Striking slow or

it

on the back of

*rrft?rt$TO &c.
its

with greater or less force

time of keeping the

rapid,
;

ordinary motion,

^Jf
foA
?

has a technical meaning

it

means

stepping

backwards or

the wards with a degree of rapidity proportionate to

^(a ll an d impelling
it flutteiiiiij
it

with proportionate force.

like

motion of the
&c.

She keptj
with her

in space

birJ,

hitting

it

alternately

ri-ht or left
}\ liGm

^ftf&[3

hand as it approached her obliquely or in a straight &c.~ whau it roe to a great height she struck it
/. e.

ts ra pid

descent and took the musical leap

it.

sprang forward
or

teu steps to caich

P. 152.
starting

si^rnr^r^

hronght

it

back

to

its

original
E

point,

several feats of

^^TfJS'fS* g ^rnr^n dexterity,

raeefttll y

on accounfc

the

k^

and g^tle,

manifold.

of applause.

irit^TT^

^s

admiration

grew every moment

cons,
is

^W^^rt
the

with

?r^r BTRr^hp fom *&

*rfif-Tbe my eyes *&vm*tifi &c.under the

time.
'?R3*Tr*f

dilated.

Influence of love Felt then for

first

following

the motion of the balL

Hf^rarnTT
it

abashed by

my

gaze.

wm

formed by tto red-spotted

"1
[59]
whirled abbut in rapid rotations.
to the ball rapidly so as to

tf^f^p|jj^rf
ft

giting five strokes

five

make

appear like

specks-

^fr^;-

a movement like the undulating line of forked lightning (Wilson).

*'

^nif^T

motion

of the different

colours.
in

iif^ &c.

in which the jewels in her ornaments jingled

corres-

her foot steps. pondence with the fallings of

ST^t^rf^TO

smiles

under some pretext.

together,
*

irf?Wtti|C

readjusted.

OTTqftrT
wavedf%r^i

struck
3TT3"-

o|f%rt!H|r

beautifully rising,

^f^

flj^o

in which her long

arms were converged.

aTC*rirHT &c.

the

dte-

tance between

the

shoulder-blades.

in

which the

were put back displaced ear-ornaments

I

with

such quickness that

her ball-sport was not interrupted.

j
'

P. 153.
circles

BTOf^f^J^*

i*1

which the ball

was

whirled

in

round and within (the space of) the hands and feet
the middle part of her body,
wetted.
;

lifted

up*

Jpvzpjfg'

f^TH^d

tossed

about.
v

ff*ra

pfipFr
^fswfl^^r
.

restraining, adjusting,

.f^^^f(1)

&

bending, shrinking
love
;

unbending,
*

^1351 Sf^T

Ml of
-I

(2) affectionate.

^rpTf^f

one of the ways in which Sanskritj

'Sfc^f
with
care,

poets
|
!

make maidens
gleefully

betray their love.

love.

%*T3(~

"H^r&

through

BTTSFTff

merely

to

be wished

for (not realised)*

P. 154.

falf^T

Because she had fixed her affection on one

in beauty.
^

3L
I
!

who had

excelled

him (Kama)

f%pf

procedure, course

of conduct,

^f pi^'VrH^f:
1

wno

(iijscossed

the matter in

many

ways.

pRPT

morning devotions.
a tent.

li

agreeable,

xl^ch'i^fl

^fJ^T ^n^[^ held

*J<I4D
lie

calculated to please,
fast by.

^crr^Fi &>$*

|i

that huzzy, Chandrasena*

l

WT^C^T

^ ne lattice holes.

t^ST 01*

I'

appointed to watch her actions.

wretch.

155,

pFrS

shows that
sy^^:f%
it is
i!i

did not

mean what

lie

said.

^s-TCimnjing.
the eaptain.
i

^the

next morning.
ijsr

3fPi

possible that,

a waMliig. ^STflT_

,%lit^> ,;9riI^

^^

ess

^^^?^t|:

giving way, whose

arrow with a di^eitt sia|>ed blade at iie end*

[60]
omra
to liadnot come forth
figlit.

e&

i e
.

fight,
c

^frlT^t:-^ ^
' ,

Ifsff^t^f^r^l**
15(1.

P.

Hfer-not
rv

to

be

managed
or
skirts.

or

properly
}

steered,

not favourable.

f%i$T^^'

of

middle region
-

adjoining ground. &c. caused by the drops of

Tr^JT^T-^nds ^ mal e ^TgT^r^TC'

*TjyTl
or

Qtr-am StFt.lUl

^ wSTTHoC- exceedingly lovely ^O-OVJMX

?,

aYcnne.

^I^m^^

tnat
red.

bylotus.

mi^fljr-made

Hr^mr-^
resolute

^^-oflncieo,S
-for happiness and

aspect.

beuefit.

prW^T^"-. -dete^mat^,
% ^r-a
starving.
of aheep

157

-.'river
occurs in

f^r^-tbe
the

current.

stream.

The word
talks,
......

Veda

in

the

mejense.

^TT-jovial
d
g< ats.

merry conversation,
clusters of houses,

^-lean,
spnft^-flocts

JpE^T-haidet^

awildbufialo.
ing,

^,^-bearing

her on his back.

hi-

PrtCTR-rollirith

TT^

straggling,

smff^-with
oil of

heart

melted

pity,

W_. region in the depth of the forest.

158
.

^|f^r

healed.

ttt^ftop-Tbe

Ingudi

is

said to have this virtue.

^
JL.

c/^ftfmi^W^^^P^r^
en there was
should mther be Atre.
drinS.

&c.S'ak.iV.
he

*f*flren*4.

in his body. an abundance of vital fluids

^^TfTO^

*^**-

asked for water to

^
V

^^f-

bucket,
in.

^^.-pushed Htn
^-riches,
me.

a pot for drawing Crater out c . well. ^^5-the mutilated man. ^ffih.^?

ftwft^nW.- * down *s iPfrW-^iU accuse me of the crime.

wealth.

maimed by -boldl

noble thoughts, noble-minded.

a ccok for dogs

.;.

^..degraded

her.

*i

no corresP 1W ST^T^r: questioned, ^r53^l^. having desirable op ^Tf^-tbe ^nkg^riLr^^^^ virtues as are
degree of
exceleace,
as

many

[61]
-^-assuming the character of an astrologer 5 endowed with aufortune teller, ^afprf^f

feigning to

be

spicious marks,
well

^nf
f^tr^^

of

his

own

class,

yrrq;
in
lost

excellent,

prepared,

Because they
^Tf

came

close

contact

with the plump thighs.

as well as her great

FTS^ri

She had

her parents
house.

fortune.

^fTOft-the

valuables in the

^RT

ritetted.
^F*T

f^s
are

deformed,

q^iq-sq:

fair-corn pi exioned,

dean-skinned.

even, fleshy, covered

with flesh.
a

aTRJ^^F
of

prominent veins

supposed

to

be

mark

ugliness.

^J^ffrT
metrical.

tapering.
<7/.

^sf^pT^T
rf^re?tWWPT

evenly

divided.

=?qT^r

sym82.

^f

SJff'TO srasWfo

Kum 1.

the cavities

of the loins.

P. 160.
encjugh to

fqTSra
cover
the

little

depressed,

whole bosom.

i^OT^^T

their great ex-

panse.

fFT^T-glossy,
well-turned,

^r prominent, WTfr, jewel-like, red nails.

(curved) ^.

^TO

^ff &c.-^*5^f^f ^9CT

beautifully

frT

pouting.

ST^nr

aot contracted or small (with a chin, elegant and

curved.
BT5CfTcr-" rea(i
dull.
j

not small).

BT^^K

3 TRRT
*.

(dark> *r>?rt%^K swiftly rolling. ^T^^ the half moon on the eighth day of a paksha
&c. Kad.
iuach curling.
p. 31.

'-*t6

c/.

f<frt*~read
byjtself

ir%gKmr^T""each growing

and evenly :(i..

there was no branching of the hair).

must be

in keeping with the grace or

%^Hrf?RT:&c. her character outward beauty of her form,

P. 161.

a^f^fl^r

acting thoughtlessly or precipitately. 3?|-

^T _a

repentance, regret.

T3Fg$

meaningly, enquiringly. water for tbe

near a door, square place

qrrf^"
_

klnd
pestle,

of

^ff

cleaning,

^nj^ an

earthen platter.

P. 162.
grasped by the middle. the %wn by winnowing them &a.-ahe r^aipved tke grains of dust apd

pesMels

ns,ually

lift

* ba^l,
*

W%lf^f^-^ftted

to the

boiling point

and

fare

[62]
j
!

times ia quantity.
places.

^xT-fi^iSfr
a few

a custom

still

observed In some
before

The cook throws

on the hearth.
i.

grains into

fire

placing the

Teasel

gjfeM^qT
e.

&c.

When

the riee was passing

the state of a bud

scum,
tip

f^f

ajadle.

was moderately swollen. $|<HV^' the Sff^sw having stirred and turned them

and
r

do^n j^gEt^t)Condiments.

aTW?^ myroMans.
scented
it

f^F^f tamarind.

pwrafeei

tf-dl^K^MT on the charcoals. ffcsTH^F*

with perfumes eraoil

rubbing the body with

and powdered myrobalans gives a glossy appearance to the skin.

^f^J^FTfeouching*
a little ghee,
^ncf

sn^pfo-his whole body sweating,

sauce,
.

qffyfhir
.

P. 163.

f^iTRFSR
pepper,,

cinnamon

oil

of dry ginger,

Mack pepper

and long

3Fiirt5%3?

buttermilk.

af^piM
cool like

Agallochum.
with,
T

fiprf?n?tnr

^^1

rough or rugged.
H!jy^f*fK*f*
bis

strong and spreading fragrance.

tongue
^JT^v
'

quite gratified with the excessive sweetness.

B?e^r-clear.

a small water

poL

^|?r

a pavement,

^TFCPT^r^te

his

upper

garment,
(this

^fsn^f:

regardless of her, growing cold towards her

to-

he

did, of course, in arder

put her virtues to

test).

3Tf

f*

^f?Tofvff^

introduced her into the harem.

SffR'

with assiduous
*

care;
flprf

life,

without any omission (of duty),

3Jr*TF
f^fT^r

qf^snf ^r &c,

Cf

qiC^R'.
l'* z -

S7ak.

IY.

18,

*4t'. ^ domestic
for securing

concerns^

DJmrma^ Artha and Kama,

.which a wife is to be married.

F, 104.

^"TTJ

The modern Katthiawar,

iff Jftff

g fflsft' sr

Kubera,

^rf?^Ti%
husband.
'what
is

a ship-owner,
S[Jf*rr

nama

of

a town.

^RFf^T

not listening to,

*n unfortunate woman, one hated by her

iTf^jj^-msulted her by the nickname of. gfn* ?f ^Tfrr^-^ to be my fate', or what course of life should I pursue
'I

^^o
flowers

flowery

previously

offered to deities

(who

"brought to ler

from

an? idol).

BTJ'ff^r

addressing her words of cotisela-

Mn*

WFT^-^Sfefers to |f 1tfTir*

^fST
this

fortunate, a favourite of one's

husband (opp 5-1%),

Compare

meaning with the sense

it

has

at p,

150 i

9.

anfl'crHnt-"^
or

I die.

airor^nt-s^ould be'disadvice.

closeJ.

c^flff^PfffHt
te

ready to act according to your

qffiffgflr

g^^ed by me.

^^

result

STT^TIT

such

grace of form.

165,

trfsfifr?'

hatred shown by a husband.

snfS^3pT
5!
*
"^

neighbour.

o^Trf^PTf

m
'

ria aa(i body.

^f^r^r*!
^TFT

^ ne

entreaty of Kanafcavafci's mother.

in

vgfgm^R

as

if

blundering
of loose or

my

sport.

$Nf3fa*--I

shall

irregular conduct.

f^T^r^T^T

drop down. 3nT3W; property of an enemy.

adv.

^rPfSSTsf

inspired

with love for me.

this

^^f-an opening

loop-hole.

Taking advantage of
5^!

circumstance.

The

cons, is
of his

3T*flr

TTJTfe

&c.

^55^tfff^T

having fanned the

thick, pitchy.

fire

love 0r Inflamed his passion,

sfn^f
spread
or

P. 166.

^ranTTTTf sftf
I

circulated

a report

that.

fool that

was,

being a dunce.

3rqrRj3T
in

neglected*.

disregarded.
;

*^r:
be
olfear.

united

^K

^ er company.

The matter
^f*!^T

will

4^^pj?ir
capital.

a female slave she

purchased.

provisions, igpr

f?rf^%^

proniul-

gated, disclosed,
r

^ti^^ff^ the mayor, the

her.

magistrate,

having kidnapped
emissary.

^r^fST

lawfully married.
of

^ftsrrf^iT5

by the security

the association

of traders.

'Jff^f^r:

who

believed.
of the country

P, 167.

^COT name
family,

about Mathura, Jfu^j^rsuccessfully

his friends.

A youth

of

many

a duel with his

^pr^rnp* who had own arms for the sake of

men.
Tf o

fought
"3\%\%[

hard-hearted,
'mind, anxiety.

cruel

yn

>

indicating

uneasiness

of
f*ll

3T?rf?ro

sRITfaft^r

^^

*& gwr.
the age

iftraf
of

growth

her eyes indicate her having passed

timidity

and bashf ulness.

%pqr^*

It is usual with ladies

their

whose husbands
orffTT

ate absent not to dress or dee >r ate

fern,
is

hair

&c.

The.
at

9?p?T
sfrff^r

or

^f^i".

^nP^^Tf^^TH:

being

greatly

agitated

liaflw

a fortune-teller.

f5=r^rrf^Tf

under the pretext of

begging alms,

i
[64]
P. 168.
deviation
excessive.
racter.

^JTffcrsFl""*

Buddhist female mendicant.

conduct.

from

virtuous

^z%

endeavours.
incorruptibility of chait is

*TJS'*n"T?Trr
-

inviolate cliastity ?

3Ttff*ri>cr

unless the evil influence exerted by

it

coun35^;

teracted,
secretly.

unless the obstacle interposed by

is

removed.

to be lovingly angry, srTSrfrR^r &c.~~ pretending

is

^qft

After this
{fll^l^

done.

^RfSp-r

noble, strong and good looking.

service. ^Tf ?T*:Nr

By doing

me

that

much

&e

consenting
female

to

do so

she favoured

him

accordingly.

pf^f^Rn"a
it

mendicant.

P. 169.

TOg"3rfTf

pretending to nib

gently.

BTTf^s^
yfcr
folly,

having made a cut.

ill-advised step,
ture.

3=n-g^HHl

in

g reat dismay.

^qfr

^W^pf
pretending

^mmw^
tell,

haying put on a bandage or ligato be ill. ^prF* when lie reimperatively,

fused to

prt^pr

pressingly,

merchant-guild, the committee ol merchants.

I entered for the purpose of repose, want to pay the : misers, covetons people ivho do not
half-burnt,
fees.

-^^s^nraeeideiitly.

f^TO

after

con-

sultation or deliberation*

P. 170.

qiRh^Tr

ftJSJt^b..*

^einale

seeking the favcwr of devils.

as an extract.
2'-

^^ M j^to
||

win your affection.

BT^I^lCTIfTc^

dinary (and therefore never failing) remedy.

arsfvrHT

against

her

Tvill.

%^trT

Kaksbasa.

HW^Sf^ff
a st

my

friend.

^W^mount-

^^
regard
ains.

joined in a duel.
tor

B^fwT^f^[r---c

down without any

her safety.

^h^F^

F^es

of the peaks of

oT^TT^Tf

despatched, destroyed,

]y,

P. 171. 4itmu|cMaJrr-the darfin o of m J heart at will, grr jre:T-assuming any form

obliqudy.

or struggling for release.

snr^ST:

'

we leaded,
th ^ contamination of
sin.

dejected

and

pale.

M^3f

free froni

- as at

with ^[o, who was regarded by him as his very life. the time when he helped the Yavanas. against Biting,
stee P ed
l

[65-]
P. 172.

#f^rgf>?r*---In the following chapter the poet

has'"

accomplished a literary tour deforce by

tale without the use of
3*

making Matrgupta

tell

Ins

any

of the labial letters (including the

vowels

and3t). The author here poetically accounts for his hero's inability

to use the labial letters.

a country lying to the south of offf^jp It is identiOrissa and extending to the mouths of the Godawari.
fied with the

Northern Circars.
cemetery.
*s

^re^IrT^R"*
a tree.
a lady,

the ground for burn-

ing the dead, a

leaves.
it is

^TPT5T
to

^r^rf^TH^r

tender

%fif*S<rR
fit

compared

^f^TWreT

Because

the

time for goblins and rakshasas for stalking abroad. ftfrre

dew. fq^fhj
i'ficf
:

midnight.

^JH
ofi

a tree. f^T^Tf^'PT

omit the

final

f^T.

sounding through the branches of

keeping
(preventing)

the thickly

growing
that was.

trees,

% 5ff%f*{;fr
my
eyes
.

the

sleep

kissing

This

cursed magician.

^r%ot &e-

overpowered by
to one spot,

unbounded

passion,

f%#rfKf
a

Lit. nailed

down

made

unable to carry out one's

pleasure.

object,

hence pro rented from enjoying

3Tf5fH^H
:

wicked magician- mark the meaning of

his -attainment

y"

an obstacle in

of the desired

superhuman power.
P. 173.
body.
yrerS'rR'

probably on account of the

the dust
of

movement

of his

prsrtirpCC^T:

charcoal reduced
bright
circuit

to ashes
like
o!

by
the
the

complete combustion.

fTH^tir^iR
3TC g '3 ^SET
t

and tawny
or

Hashes
forest.

of lightning.

the

expanse
ar(*

^[^

waving, flickering. f^gT^Nir

B ^
u

seeds,

^s^fbroken

ernrW

crackling.

pTcpTCnr

debased in mind.

3T^*r4i

or choked with tears.

f

trcfr^Tffr%T
'

overpowered by anxiety.

withered-

?[fj*^?ff%

the tie of which

was broken.

ButSfftT-

f^pr
the trunk,

'

whetted on a stone-slab

seems to be preferable.

with an intention to cut

prvarrsf

off.

^s^r5T

a hollow in

having watched or observed.

P. 174. ^fj^rrf^^f reed from his mental worry or anxiety.

teasing, $f |n^r~improper acts, abominable deeds. ^^^KPfi ;-wretcliecl

[66]
or cursed man.

5^r^5I?
^fff *T

ftrlfo*

Yama, son

of

Vivawat

of death. (SUE) and god

arff^Cr-a
so.

trifle.

He

is

underrating
of this,

bis
if

own

act. ?f

H it is not -that you do not approve

nfrnT
wno
to

to do you hare no objection

;

m deserves
OT%^T
bent

harsh treatment

who ought
She was

be gently treated.
like

the tip of the ear.

the tip of

The eye looked

a blue lotus placed on

gracefully

her ear.

BTT^^r. an%cT

gfcrt^TC

A device to avoid the use of *ffa Nm^r^T <* long tains a labial letter.
d'lcua

or *TgRT,

which con-

and bushy eyebrows.

gently through sportiveness.

P. 175*
slantingly.

RrerfhT*

w&

tlie

moon-shine
of.

of her nails spreading

W^pt
oi

turned aside;

Hag. VI. 14. Mai, IT.

the target of the
(going)

14.

fcCT^r

drawing figures on. f^Tr^^T

periphrasis
for

heart

tfwrsTC~-a

Madana.

^O^rf^r
'

with the swiftness

get in

^ITP^^wi[th waves
apartment

of the heart s

motion by the wind of passion.

in

efc^HTKr*
tf^T

y eamiu s jour taking a

residence
i.e.

the

secret

stands for

Madana.

T-iron

fetters,

cr
-

a wheel.

P. 176.
.this section

BT^rt^tef

Wt-- *
care

wil1

km me

^rt

Throughout
anuswara
by
be-

the final ^is

printed

in

the form of an

as

the author has

taken

to

avoid the

sound

u
14

ginning

^^T^T?rr

labial letters, the following sentence with other than a ma]a?^ia by gently a room ori tlie to P of

*W5f*
rT?H

shaking them with the palm

into

of

the

hand.

^^^J
greatest

correct

o^.
she

^Nff'ra
escaped

confounded with, mixed.

death.

^F% &c.
wonder.

and so

3TT^C^
^^rcffW
drink
^PT

the

^f-pr^-the
iheir wives.
contact,

chains of love.

those

separated

from

Hr^T-eager
withere-J,

to

the

honey,

T^^

faded.

thickly

grown.
sportive

shining,

gay in summer.

f?f?nf^f^5^
=gold coloured

the

mark
full-

P. 177.
blown Karnikara
Iweeae.
flower.

umbrella of the

<>

stands for the souther

Malaya

k(>a*

[67]
amorous
preparation for.

^TWT-

beautiful

ladies.

maidens
sion
of

fjfinitf^ in was overcome by the love which then took possesName of a motmtain in the south their heart,

which the modesty of bashful

^c

connected with
aTfa tf r^ f'JT
often

Malaya.

aTFTrsr

Cf. I Rag, IV 51 ( |N*T *l**l<|ft w^fc^i: the dancing master. The wind
poets
aa

)*
is.

referred

to

by Sanskrit

giving instructions in
*5fSre

dancing. 3T^r4V^T
grated upon.
%jr?f
lation
his

impervious to sun-light.
touched,

leapt orer,

<RT$r3r
in*

engaged
in

*^jpli%gyf

tli^di^" amorous sports*

solely

the

heaving

waves.

love
for

.matters,

qcM^i
tfSfC^
a

under the power

of

passion
point,

pleasures.

weak

afsf

ISTame of
of

Taking advantage of that country, the same as modern

Telangana.
sion
of

The mouths

the Godavari were in the posses-

the Andliras.

P. 178.
ciated.

*lHshlp5T
sciL

the

emayouthful bloom of; growing

*j%R
BTT^^r^f
'

f^Efl%^
3Rf &c.

by the charms of the princess.

drink.
will
^fftTS^T

a poisonous

potion

or

^ill

die.

my future state ? how shall I fare? BT^TW * EjatoJS&. PK^ As the report goes. f^TPC offence. ^Ti^^^t being exasperated or insult, humiliation,
Kama, ^r

What

be

provoked. ^ff^I

enkindled, generated,

wishing to

expel that.
a

^<h^-tffrff

the

plaee

where
banian

S^ankara dances
tree,

t. e.

cemetery.

^H^i^
obtained.

-A
^t*

a <Ai

aft'tn^li^^'
deceived.
sea,

a collection of rags and patched garments.

BTkitiRd

ur^nr

a^

........

garment,
bits
-

0&^RF-rtfe
filaments.

f^TF^o -variegated

with the

of

'%p^^

decked wrth the Hues of t

p. 119.
tage
of

grfH-HHH^^T
of,

clever in deceiving or taking advan-

the credulity

^R^^ w*^ their mysteal teachings.

,,or

.^^(^T
affliction.

by his espousll

a^f^fetioii

ot

BfT^R-

disease,

with %%f^3T*?r<>--whose l^Is are washed used as amulets, ^^r-rKiy^^al or. astronomical diagrams,
evil

&c.

spirits

&c. suppoael to seize upon children

[68]
^T^rrsFT
of Jayasimha.
leisure.

Yaksha.
opportunity
in
of

stf*f*iff$pi;

finding

aa

or

time

01

^FTqffCi^^patiently remaining

abstract
occult

meditation.
at

^WWfffrtf*
proper time.

-shewing

my

knowledge

things

the

ft^n^T

having found out.

P. 180.

t$$rr3RTnEfc

The asylum
decorated,

of

all

auspicious

marks.
her
bears.

CTT
dark

waist-zone.
lotus-like

^rfWrf
eyes

sfhrrf^T
^ff^

with

sportively

bent,

allows,

wait
of

for;

cf

ftwqfP^lfetlfTH. Bag*
in.

V.

25,"

swallowed up, shrouded

entered by

pprtf^r

sealed.

to

be

diving under the surface of water,

water.
far

having no
from

opening towards

within.

rfnTMnTfTE
the

from
of
belt

the

stairs

of

landing.

opening
a
in

the
or

cave

covered with.
of
stars.

"

well washed.
*.
.

^rfR

multitude

the big

gem

the

middle.
is

^rf^t%t^
of

The

mountain

Meru.

^1^|cfi7^

The sun
Cf.

one

those

who

keep watch over a man's actions,

The
P. 181.
sire
is

east.

l|4((r7i<f

serving as a red die or paint.

like,
:

^TqT^I-^l^

appearing

ifrf^ft'n'
:;

with a deor the sky

cf.

to

harass or torment.

3?*^nTW 'a%
eight
it

^nrr^T
S'iva;

considered as
1.
e*

one of the
>i\

forms of

L
*'.

f^vjff^jrjf^

e.

when

was about

sunset.

^^
erf%

he bowed to his very

Pnft^

feet,

srrffes.'^

he was addressed
Of.
^fl":

by me.

unambitious, not
free

aspiring.

^
use

from.

BT^mT^rf^^T
this again

filled

with great

respect
of
sflpr.

qualifies

r%5T.

^ratf^Tti?

to

avoid the

^c^jif^

rolled

back

from.

Take

this

with

SB; now

see

com.

^fr^l^f^<
pf-cji^;^

broken through fear.

-Imving ascertained or

P. 182.

known

that, fl^r^fr^

firmly fixed or

fastened,

BFH^?*r
i.

*^ c -

^^ e ^31 no^ brook any

cul-

4elay

in

obtaining your sight

Hfcyr$tf9

e.

she will be longing for your

concern,
easily,

company.

without
^ffsffrjcaf

mnck

^f}^

developed*

having

considered

the

matter,

[69J
people in
of
thirty in

whom you
&c.

confide.
:

f%3T?^^T*

or a space

fathoms.
it.

t^4*il^

wt*

*>*& not

see

any mis-

chief

rTErrRlW:

being ready to
to sec are

carry oat

structions

and firmly resolved

B^Rr^ff

the

maiden.

my in^ nj ^f

region, a secluded place.

-without having accomplished.

R
of

183.

If^rpr

The Brahmanas.
of

*fj|*r
stick

cloth

wrapped
iftt

round the end

(and

wick a P iece used as a

>

torch),

swallowed up, dispelled.

to
l

f^:rar
the
:

indifference,

the state of not being attached

nocent, *rn%3T
holes
cf

world.

ptiiW
tne

*-;

fi^9^^,M5,,?!^-? .^ ^
and
nostrils

^^"H^
flf^Ff

with the

his

ears

stopped.

aeP^
^^ie

of

which

was

an

elephant's
of

stature,

tifb<jfc6'3fr

w^ ^
fe

ease
forth

(and caution)
liaving
like

crocodile.

dived

deep

into

water,

stf^Hrft? Ac. moving ^r^ u^^^**r % tremendous

the

strokes

of the rod of Yarn**.

pummelleti*

P. 184.

3f?^f^i^rW-seem.ed a

fierce staff-bearera.

^RWT^willi mj &jm

strtp|)e"of the pleasure

}

of sleep

owing to lie joy {

W ^^^^HHR^^:
with*
feiler

ft*

ien.

has BO propriely,
waited upon

ftpipff^Kt-^^W^ gfefee'fe. me with profer lowrfi^. 3ft%wt

f
of

to

I>e

;!

izcellad

or

not to be overpowered (con>

from foolaess,

^i^^^H

*3

of Pmgjyotislia),

shows

thafe

Kri^lma; hence Yishu^ Brahma-worship was in vags

to dissipate

la

Dwdia'tf time,

&eir

troubles,

'

F,,

I84*

,'.f^PW

^^

Wgte* F^^

of joy.

gracefW ly
fj-3fc*o-laseiid by

Mag ^wteaei wi* $ ^^B of jay -W* Cloved

:

186L lifting

Wf

^**

*s

oiirs

ironical.

eai*S.

^SC

?a distress,

g^^f-dnn&iug up

[701
old

f
in

man.

%^R"IW
|

drawn np

the hollow of a long

piece of

bamboo,

m q m mfcj ^-knocked down

with stones.
',

P. 187.

fT^fr TFf &c.

The great kingdom

of

Vidarbha ex-

'

tended from the banks of the Krishna to near the banks of the

Narmada.
shtra.

On

account of

Its

great size

It

was also called Mahara-

^
I
'

Its capital,

The famous
sEfr^"

race of

Kundinapura, is probably the modem Berar. the Bhojas was a branch of the Yadavas. 3TRT*
prowess
or

|1

extraordinary
for.
r

courage.

S^TT

distinguished

or
:

|
I
f
!

eminent

^^TFT^itc^
iistra,

ambitious of greatness.
faith.

^jrWFrTT

guided by S
of

defender of the

^r^TH^T^

a *i undertaker

things possible to accomplish

"

and

beneficial in the end,

Ni-$UdT*lrfr

spfTT"

who advanced

or

promoted.
ever

raising to dignity.
proficient in.

never apathetic,
"

eager

for.

^f^T

Ht. nearest to

hence conversant or well

lore

acquainted with.
^"|TtT

T
obliation.

sacred

and

political

science.

favour,

P.
after,

188,

sic^f^fcT

suprintendent,
of

one who himself looked

u fod3SH I>

^f^f^-suprintendents

different departments.

Those rendering signal

employed in foreign
I*

services.
j

qT^'q^-The

six expedients

to be

politics

for these see

It

17.

ymftzfi-tone whose name

u
of

com. *l|*Tffpr-see Bag. auspicious to repeat, one of

.holy fame,

years.

^sj*r^%~the ^I'^fcf who'" owed

full

period
his

human

life,

one hundred
(his
father),

prosperity to

him
nofc

'^^H?i%-the science of politics.

himself
aft

*n^nf?P-did
the

imiG ^i devote

to,

^*i^*nr^" eloquent in speech, whose words could make

soul,

impression, sqrfof .TT^ qualities of

personal accom-

plishments.

P. 189. RrStflT -development, culture.

a^rf^^rf^Mhe
of

simile
is

ihows
vital

that

proficiency

In

the science

government

of

importance to a king. ST^W^^J^TrTsurpassed in Diplomacy.

tlieir

assigning

their

proper

province

to
objects

thain,

not acting
their

with a

right perception, of
^r*f

to

be
his

ef acted and

means.

?Rrg^^*ff^T Idefeated in

-the

acquisition of tilings not obtained

and

their

f
>'

[71]
When, contempt
P*Tift: &c.
will
is

shown to

authority.

tipset

all

order*

fSfqafrf?

When

peopkr the

are demoralised.

^i^^Hf
life,

the

Conduct of worldly
*hidden
Is

affairs*

course of
nrftfffrT

worldly

osffiff

from.

*the operation of

which

never obstructed.

discernment of political ends or object^ alppf^^btalii an IttsifW into, gain proficiency in. arf^f%^jf^*-~himng at command the
three regal powers.

P* 190.

SftH^N-d
to
foe

who enjoyed

sj>ecial

royal farofir-

lit*

who was known

acquainted with.

a royal fsTOnrite.

stTgntf

not

j^>
ipf-*

3{^fHViH^ t~garraloos,

of

Ilceniiotts

'^S*!^*
*Fnfo

ckveir ia

parapliim^cal sad etiigsMttml sfeee^e*

habitnaly seeking ancrfier's 'w&jt piste, tf^ft*f

ie!%&t-

ing in
.

all

wieiwl
j'*iRtN<i"
*

pilot of libertinism

or

Mcentiousness.

^ie wiio

served the king from the time he was

teasing, harassing,
heafetw
^is
fm
,
i

& crown

^r-after

ieatli,

,.

H^^trdT^

a elerer or shrewd fellow.

pursuit of ibis mirage.

$H*H

what

lie

has in his

possession,,

^mf^

a cola of particular value.

tliite

.P.. 19I.

v...--4b.

Veias.

^falso ealledi
after

science of

g^vemmest. Ff^i^H

Chahioi,.

whose work on

polities is called

CiKaaakjaniti
of

Maarya

CbaDdirngvpta^

Idog

FateKpvtn^ mud
*s

the hero of the Modrtralcsbaaft*

-with

^l^l^if^fiw

coanec'fed

(and depends spew ihaa for- its thorough H&der&taadwg). Hera foi^ias a satiriwl toioripticRk of the stud j lias a ted** awencse. gffe and dbets of 'Dm^frJ Bhfihaua (which see), to the nkal, aoeoidiug
other 8'astras

..

Wig
.is<

or taking

into

aeeonnk

It

mmy

sean *lafing ottcn/ WPfsaf^n^

,

ail

the receipts

ahl expenditure of
.otherwise,

tlic

day

decision in favour of or
6atel1
*

digested*

P.

192,,

deliberation

or

consideration of political

schemes.

outwardly appearing to be neutrals (indifferent

and

impartial).
c

fr^T^-merits

and

defects

(of a political

scheme), ff TR*M*i**d:
ing.

perverting, misrepresenting

and confound-

<rej0fp3
these*

live

upon

i.

e.

they

seek

their

own gain
of.

through

3*qf$r*f^||n^?T

hold him helpless in

their power.
flfSfPf-

-a ghatika or 21 minutes. sj^^^TT-^reviewing

projects

of

victory.

^T^prsTF:

men

in

disguise, secret

emissaries.

$H|{f3{ &c.-Persons appointed to employ

weapons

or

lire

or to
to

administer

poison

(to

STjt'ar

be dealt with,
slumber,

g^ffq^

compass particular ends). which is sure to disturb

rather than entice

tone 01 the
listen to

speaker.

He

is

flrt*- is quite appropriate to the not likely to get sleep. H?*Wf'-to

the counsels
ree

of the

ministers.
of

^pT-as

is

well

known,

from the
-

fear

being subject
rite

to

taxes.
evil

->j_

P. 193.

f^2R ^Hgr%T 1%

3T^q--a

averting

and

leading to a blissful end.

4ft4lKsU|:-3r

^rttCT"

W-

anri^^lH^-

wfco have never received donations yet.

^"^-conferring heavenly
territory.

happiness.

cR5%f- through

their

medium. ^qr*rT^?5'-his
in
all

w3-Mf*f-niis trust

( people see a motive

).

his

acts

and so

do not trust him

srmr ^

&c.-to what extent the course of

worldlj eiistance cannot proceed

without policy
.

is

seen from

the experience of ordinary

experience of daily
life

life

e.

it

is

apparent from our

the

that
policy.

the course

of

world can go

on unimpeded without
recourse
to

^PT 3CTR%^r*T-We need have no

matter,

SVstra

in

this

B|f?W?5prr-too great
or

or

absurd

restraint.

f^r^--hypocritical
of a

cunning

counsellors,

l^^nF-Adroeaies
P. IM.

stern

enforcement of counsels.
well-read
are

those

*pvti*gr Ac.-Those who are who hare never read SVstra.

all

taken ia

not your Majesty possess

this,

mz,

_
ery

tFSTFfPT-eares of state matters. i^nffer-another's property.

small,

^^cpr^-a

portion

of

Hie.
fm e

qr^r?<f ipr
they never

&c*~perish while they

are acquiring

money;
with

curb

their

desire.

3?c^;sri% -rivalling

the

nymphs

of

leaven in beauty, tipnfr^ drinking parties, with his folded hands placed across his brow.

P. 195.
thoughts.
Of hatred.

strVrf^r IHT^Because he did not correctly read his ^f^fttcTi-a thorn in the eye; an an
eye-sore;
object

RT<$H4<l*g

gift.

sj^rf$T%~has regard

for.

are-

B^rtTT

occupied by.

Jf^prFfothe
&c.

faults of those holding equal

rank with me.

Intense pain.
sj?f
-.

*r^r
t

so as to touch

my

vitals,

so as to cause

Iff%t% T{%
is

disapproves, rejects,

^f^-~blunders.
following

&c.

which

an insult to them.

F^Ti^Hl^^Hs

the bents of mind of the king, ministering to the desires of the king.
BT5T*n";

wicked or bad counsellors, tpgr^fff sfuTT :

not knowing

his intentions.
father*

?Htjffrrrt
;

"

servants of

his father

and grandlistened
to.

3f*g^?{fO|cf|^(

when our counsels

of

are not

B^'Heh
store

"An

old

name

Travancore.

!T^fti'^M*ilMI^^|^ri---will re-

him

to his natural

disposition,

reclaim him.

easily exposed to misery or pain.

P. 196.
over

|q-

disgust for.

^TTmf^Tf^l-J
it

putting a curb
giving advice

my

tongue and so not allowing

to

move

in

refraining from counselling.

Or

it

may mean

putting or exercii^nf

sing a check on the tongues of wicked men.

*j%

When
fatter
'

the*;

minister had taken this resolve and held himself aloof from state;
1

affairs,
iii 3
:

STOfrT

&c.

being avowedly expelled by

Ms
*

fwj

licentious
of,

conduct.

Mark

the meaning of

sflTj

under

f lie

pretence

giving out that.'

ftl^?5R|R"ft

course of conduct.

a?f^q^rW~--obtained
an
opportunity
refers

dancing girls, ^5pr a hold upon the king.

to

WS^I^W
refers

finding

Chandrapalita,

to

^m^

^q^fftuft
<

conferring benefits,
1

best kind of exercise.

^rr^Rtf?f^}flr
Lit.

5TS; 5n"ri"

fleetiiess

or swiftness of foot.
;

kindKng

of the gastric fire

quickening or im-

proving

th'e

appetite.

^rftT^T^R"

great

agility,

[74}
thoughts and actions,

W^W*

Bearing the roads of tie pesti-

lence of tigers and others. Cf. with the Ideas expressed here S'dk. II* T: IX. 49. ^or-'-^ ainin S the confidence and 4.
5;

Bag.

37Rft^^r^^

of the people that

T

tenant the wilds,

^j^-

quickening,
BTTCPSr
soul,

intimidation of hostile parties,

mind.
P. 197.
s?flr%3rcf

the state
of.

of:

not being subject

spirit

to,

power

to control the feelings one to bear the rise of

to the handling of dice

arr^
.

another).

3Wf^^r^
pieces
in

(which does not allow With regard

the to

and moving the

is

squares

&c*

^f^nfp-since
of one object.

the whole

made

to converge

the

fulfilment

3T^^r^~to
opposition

be gained by

determined persever^

ance.

irf&'Sf^nt

to.

^t^rre-development
aT??Mf|iS-not
after
;

tlie

body,
greed,

jpsff^-praiseworthy,

noble,

hampered by

3prKif^rre-keeping well-pleased
esteem,
for,

enjoyment,
lit,

^T[~

^fhTOr-i m Psing appearance, impressiveness

public

capacity to win

s^ftfT-regard

^pir-^r-read

frpry-

*W-

of^pjj-o

the flush preservation of perpetual youth (by

face).

wine, im-

parts to the
self.

of the 3Tt^TCsr^t-" ari overwhelming sense BfqrrW^TT^T-hlottiiig out from memory crimes committed,

3CT:3F3T~~ & ny thing rankling in the

mind,

^^r^^f^lr^^^l 08
unmixed
joy,

"*

ing

secrets.

gfqwftT- -increasing,
g,

afrf^f^f break,
of,

cessation,

enjoyment

shares to others, distribution, allotting

P. 198.

excellent beyond comparison; 3^rfnf5r unsurpassed, rTrpr AC'-I^ s a ^ so useful in war since it makes one ia-*
i

sensible to fear

and

pain.

^rsFTrF^ &c* These

are

s-et

forth

for a king. qualifications necessary

The BhiL does not seem

to be

those with 'Pana.' right in connecting

^^TrpT aTfrff--L^. check

upon money,
t^cf^f^r
cipal

iniposing

money-penalty.
a

administration of
of
state.

C/ Hit. IL 103-105, kingdom. fF^n^TF: The prinThe

fruits
of

officers
s

^^TT^rR
of

their

own

feties

e.

the income

their
0131

offices.

qp^frtrf

sT-'The

sourcea-

of revenue,

fizt^r^Rf'n'""

account of the

follies of his -parasite*,

[75]
>r
rf

the king did not fear

adverse criticism

from them,

had intercourse with,

virtue,

I
)
i

path

of

g^oBetter
speeches.

read

p^frf who qmcWf

deviated
(licentious

from the
people)*

TflpTFTT

allegorical

^rrsrsfp.-enthusiasts.

-freed

from the fear of reproof.

3fct*3T

P. 199.
verty.
V&llies.
7

disaffection, discontent.

fT^T

reduced

to

po-

'rQ T*rrT

intrigues of
;

the enemy,

a^ff-off --mountain having but

desirable

BT^TOj^|-qf --having no passage

for egress,
.

oae entrance. *gs% &c.-Bah. qualifying

Well
i.
<?,

ffoft:

5Snr-a
excellent.

one whose water

a pit.

is

reported

to

be

crevice,

n^f^^moving in
they missed
their

different

directions.

^qrfMr:-whose servants were cut off from them.

pretence
that

3TTO^fa
at-

aim.

irfsd^-way-laying,
crowd.

tacking and making prisoners.

^cT--a
danger,

.^FgTTra woman'
places.

employed

to lure
secret.

man

into

^%^-appointed

P. 200.

snrprT-Kffling. s^ZTTRf^r^r-refnsing to help them.

to.

T^^-directing them
Sr.fi:-profligates.

sr^wnrfr^-read

by way

of or

administering poison. under the pretence of treating. s?r*rer-a disease.

^Tt^FT-

choicest warriors.
|?

J^TO^-The king

of

Vanavasf,

a city in the

South

of India,

the remains of which, in the

Sunda

district,

were
&c.-

discovered by Colonel Colin Makenzie/

P. Peterson.

t^TO^

The

borders of his

kingdom being invaded by him.

of the

^^cfW^:-Ifc

Kuntala was the name

country to the north of Chola.

of

represents the south-western portion

Hyderabad.

Its capital

was Kalyan
his service.

or

Kallian-Doorg.

n^n^fNT4
or

dancing girl in

P. 201.

arsrtr 5zrfJr*FFff:engaged

encountered in

front.

as

presents, presenting.

a victim to them,
elf.

arofl*-routed.

8TTOg;-appropriated to him-

fr?<m-a burning

fever brought

on by

grief.

her husband's brother by another mother,

f76
P. 202.
j&f

%^S3fVf
<8fqT?f

o o:ae

'

sa ^e *J*

sft*T

a station or residence
*rr^^rr

cowherds.

sudden attack,

f^R7fr

w ^ at

"

|ier family.

f^^frfFTr^rf
his

Sindhudatta seems to be the name of

being Pushpodbhavs.
I

SWruta's mother,
proud
one of the deer

father

of his state-craft,
fell

sTf^^
piercing

^ot

tlie

.arrows

at.

xr^: &c.~

with the arrow piercing him to

its feathery part,

the other with the arrow

feathers behind.

him through
'

so
4.

as to leave its
61,

'^R^f^^T

PB. V.

Sid.

Imntsmai.
skinned and cleaned,

STTOT^^^

which wasy

^ffi

the lungs, or entrails.

the body into different parts. -r-haying dissected or separated

^.

(sep com.}.

^5Hr^sr
^ .leather

spitting

it

with a rod and roasting

it.

* ,-P,.20a, -it
well

JrWTfra

having attracted her back.

is

SfTCt^r

a report.
cjn;-

y^A Ms
%
it

^f^^ft

The Pars,

irregular,

^f^

having mixed,

with a skull mendicant of a particular S^aiva. sect moving

fean4 for collecting alms

&c

fc

-P. 2.04.
is after assuring themselves that vixere

ao one
,

in,

will

reestablish

him

in

his

sovereignty.,

conies

to

pass,

qgfty^

based on

fS^
destitute*

The visiou declared that she was 30 longer

P. 205.
I
|

^ Hf^RFT^ ^ lia was ftgi^^

Manjuvadinu

aocouut of her eager--

ness'toseeme..

dr^nk W ^^^f^a-whose comg^w

by ih^.
sign,;

I
1

1
'

lovefnl glances of
..

BOTtrf
of.

having made him a

to follow us.

srflW-mucli talked

W^^^mu^^, wy^
of,
-

^chattek,. property. ~

^MKr
it

'.-having put on the gay dress

suiiset,

was about

talio-ns of different

voices.

f^T^FTt -moving on hands

&c.

with the

legs

raised

nj).

**%TO

movements wiU

difterent posture^.

o! the body, for

which see com.

g^TO^

$**%

.j

1?.
T

S06.

3t|^|gffi
like

With

these feed labout

my

body,

jumping

an osprey.

tfc^W

^ is added to 3^ at the

lend of an.

Avyayibhava. BTf5fi*3r--ha?ing jumped upon.

senseless.

making
-

Mm

ruy footprints being effaced

3T!"g^ frightened, confused. from the sand levelled by

vif^'dggR' &c.-^-being
is

Then turning

to the west.

unevenly

Vith bricks.
foe

IJT^K^T^^
sgr^f

redundant, which should therefore

omitted,

a ditch.

H&hAg&ff

crowded with people tuft

life

rf talk about

my deed.

5ri^raf%ST^T~the place or pedestal of

image.
*& large

^nr^r?^

the outer opening of which was concealed frith

stone^slab loosened from the -compact side-walL

t4M^:

eunuch.

P. 207.

BTWfi'Ss&o
by

enfc 5a5m

liad been contrived

ithe

the king of
unoccupied,

word that the unhappy event As^mafca. oehf^^'q that

1

interior

was

q_uite

^f^rra"

very loud.

very minute,

^tf^tfqr'r^

The

iron pedeStaL"
after effort.

sr^rt^

to be shaken even by a strong

man

"SPTTTJ^ *t

^ fk ^CT"^"

liaving replaced
'^pj-

Durga.

If^nsr

feaHsation,

wmidene*
im distreas,

overpowered by astonishment^ g|rt^[; Q^e having a misery.

5TH*^HW

protectiag

"in
*&c..'

the stepe'of

A^mak%

cruel fey his

t
'

^omgeiisa tipQ t i^e^^fettfi^ the power of exft^sioa. pressed by words, beycind

208.'

pff^r

^r-^H4l^<T

not to be

'IP.

^^nr^-~wio Ccrali
sf^Sfi" to.

fiat

is

tiee

of

^ur"c0atfi-

nce or^cfe' t plot.

fete Iwft Bjf felling' wfeat oMe

the or what ke has in his cleached hand (or whether

clenched hand are
of even or

tMfj^

Ms/

odd number) or what ba^is thlakiffg;

-bf and sucioiier things

probft

whM

ffiati

laiag any pre-

to divine knowledge
'

must

gife

l-^^sbn

0F the
;

Vfenerable
";

gcrddess.

f 'tlie -gfcddiess

i;

may

also be

ft

^el. Ta*;
"

o^actoB- purpose}s
:

'^^-i-Tle

pwar

01

'toieL

ipfff

the po^er

or fteemiaent arising from the majesty

Ir?Q <8]
position of the king
;

^Fc^rr?

the

personal energy

of

the ting.

SR*^

have

effect,

have power to accomplish.

The nest sentence

these are, aHies,

explains their respective sphere of action.

T^njp
arid

the means, to the end, a proper division of time or space,

.conn term easures (to meet an emergency),
desired object," See

adopting
of

attainment
is

the

Com.

Policy or state-craft

here ^compared

to a tree composed of the different parts mentioned here.

ff^TOTfJ
has

The supremacy
viz,

of

the king's position

is

due to two things

greatness

wealth and abundance of

men.

^t^rf

fonr divisions viz, the

refjsg*;

wellknown four upayas (tfpr &c.). ^rnf?Eead of%[%fscro power and success are the flowers and

the

fruits*

^H;

The man

at the

head

of political affairs,

king or
fl%

the prime minister,

For a
I

similar fig.

conip.

Mud. "V.I;

to advantage,

Mai. L ^TTafT 5^" difficult to be turned hard to be made to yield fruit. GRt^tfi* being
^f^R^l"
because
lie

a native of Kosala,
his counsel.

(Mitravarma) despised

P. 209.

Hrarg'^sp

a deceitful rogue,
*?p|*f

*JT*r

a snake, a

flirt;

both the senses are intended.

sf%gf

presents,

bribes.

,rqTf qfft^f

according to your direction or instruction.

BT^rf^fpT-**
collected
of.

valiant

enough

to

overpower his enemies.

poisonous tree
i. e.

^rpfHlf^Fr*

togethei'.
,

FeN^^JT-*-a
TFTOfr^r

a destroyer

3TW~

siabmisaiye-

^S^TWrPrff'^fr^^r

having tested his sincerity by varior

state-craft,

OUB

trials.

an

accomplice in counsel
11

fff*=f

uprightness,

honesty.

f^rw^^Frri-- ^^^

various

dis-

guises.

4id^M~~a
oTcsrf^Prfr
L

spy } a secret agent.

very proud.

^s^Tl^f

covetcius

misers.

srff%mR

mostly turbulent,

proclaiming.
creating a taste for,
the

P. 210,

^T^I^r^PI:

OTpf
1

a
"

^frlr"^

collected

revenue,
;

ar^g^

proceeding
of all

from wealth,
.

f<^*

stands for

^cr^ftfS"

the

commencement

undertakings based on policy.

the principles of policy*
r^

3^r frj^^f^
sffrr

weakness in adhering
political measures,

ft

stratagems,

when I give

tlie

comraani

^T^ftrPT

see com.

well versed In policy, always

rules of policy,

acting in accordance .with tne

^r*.in addition to that.

vacillating,

P, 211.
conferring.

^^f^Tf
OT^Hl;

uncertain.

STfT^"*bestowal,
to them.
4r*3(*i<f

overtures were thus

it*

made

we

are

bound to express

f^gcf

renowned.
:

f^f^T
in
-

acting

adversely or hostilely towards.

fare,

^F3Fffrf
^f

engaged

actual war-

(does not) take

obscure.

arms against,

^PT^T-

&c

The

sense is

somewhat

He who

comes over to his side stands out of

the reach of danger and obtaining great fortune &c*

~^the message has been communicated to you

all.
i

remaining

passive or

apathetic.

^wrT^TTT

n whom seeds

of

dissension have been sown.

to fight.

^^fn^r~-my
moment

purpose or resolution

P. 21 2.

^pf
on

only for a

cannot long hold out.

is

tff-

tr^T Hindu

^n

unjust or unprovoked
politics.

expeditioii

condemned by
aTTH^WI*^"
superior

writers

.JCf-W^
*TC
i".

faced the army.

f^f%?T_like painted figures,

skill.

& duel.
,

f^rrpf%*r
the king.

3Trf:qf

after

this

e.

the

fall

of

^Rfff^
master.

Their respective incomes.

frf^rm^T- *r*PT*R
acknowledged him
3THf^"
see

Lit delivered
their

themselves
-.

into

his

power

as

entirely into his possession*

tjjoe.

P. 218.
excellent

ot^ft

marked
a?PTf

by.

W&Epjri

com.

minister.

importunity.

As
^

soon as I purposed to go.

full of, joy.

3TMIK*T

called.

mixed with,

^^?^r

having opened,

after expressing his blessings.

P.

214:.

;^_the
man

sea.

X ^^fr^TC--Sffii l^,what.consists^of;div0P^ ^*resolotion to die. BopfflrliufogHF pf^^our

^Tf
-i

knowledge.

$\$ qtt

Their fortune smiling

dpon them.

3^1%

The

limit of time fixed

by the ascetic

viz.

16 years. tRJTffTf

the doings of the princes-.

BTPFK^TT^T

to call you.

P. 215.

HHT*f*rfqr &v*

Of. the similar message of

able.

TarapMa

to

Chandr^pMaalKa4p.828. ^*pJ^C-very
feir xetoiB from the expedition.

JMR*H!5%~After

3T^t*

extremely marvellous.

[80J
f.
ti

W6.

3fff||:^*

notice the eomp> ending.

al

emancipation by contemplation.

iticeegs or rise

(3|4-fl)
p^
p.

attained by each,
of

^ffffW ^According to the Or according to yoitt

Rpfff

direction (zf&t

^). ^r^TW^
^fcW^TT'

without
the

having

to suffer

bodily

hardships.

fcw

yassals,

BOMBAY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION

QUESTIONS.
1871
(I )

.Write a sliort account ia Sanskrit of the manner

in

which
as

Rdjavahana's nine companions came under the care

related in

of his Father

the
1

Purvapithika.

2 (a) Translate into idiomatic

!

En-

3ffll[q^:......^WRt trR ^rt p. p. 69-70. (b) Who speaks these words, under what circumstances, and with what intention ? (c) In what intention has the poet put in this whub
glish :-f?f:
RfiPS
I

scene,

and

especially this speech

3,

(ct)

Translate into English

I

apzRT

f^lrf

5q?^f^R srr^ir..^rRPTH^qT^m
:

p. p. 60-01.

(/;)

Who
and

speaks these words and who

is

the actor in the scene described,'

(c) Explain grammatically sq^jspiK, give the etymology of

state the rules regarding the

formation of the feminities

^fl^jpfh

and ipipft; parse the words

1872
F* A,
(1) Translate into English
arf

SPR^Rl

p.

p. 163-164,

B. A.
(1) Correct

any mistakes that may occur

following

in the text or the

:

lation, here given, of the

passages

(a)

RPTF

(d)

^^TO^lft'^i^^F^i^^?^^
a proper conlecl or loyalty
F

shall

not be able

follow

to

him (although he be) a

() srraSW seen by me a though

friend.

^T
my

different

f^% if W^fPt 5 ^FW^ ^r 'alperson, and afe a distance, she tool;

^*

in J|ef plscfe iAffiediately

heart/

oae Us, re^ds

*f ^"

(fy

&**
^^r^P^^^
not approvin

(Q *f^

qTH^4rfd|

^|

^rrf[%rCf

of accidental

coming together
*rr

in wives taken

upon

faith

in

others.*

(0

5c?ff

qsTpqtf

wq^nw 'wffa I3t

()

fatter

^nta^r rrrpt *rsfsftftsrra:.

S'iva,

Yama, Brahma &o.

'As long as the course
of

r:-

the world

(proceeds)

without policy,

the object (of government) seems to be accomplished

;

through the world (by ordinary means

spontaneously)
.

or of its

own nature
:

or

nofc

by the

S'astras.'

(Two Mss. read

ed.

(*) ?r^r

^ ^13 ^ar

(other

T.

(0
of

the

corrections

the words

which

are

actually

wrong

are

required.

The whole passages need not be

repeated,

nor need rea-

sons be assigned for the corrections).

into English:(2) Translate

^rJSrsqu^Tf^qriir ..... ...^^f^^F

196-197.
(8) Give the etymology
of

jf^W

^3^1-

P-

1876.
I.

Translate into English

Either (a) 3F
,

p p. 44-45. or
II

(/')

^TT
the corrections should

the mistakes against gramp.p. 79-80. II. Correct

mar

in the following

passages

(only

be

given),
qf^F^r
i

(a)
<J>)

rTrf:

H ^r^f^^^^R^^W^nf
rrrTO^r

W^^^^^F
fm^WPr
i i

^f%s3vT

^f^rr f?rrl:

^crt

(c)

fnrfr ^Trf^

(/)
(A)

(0
:
I

00

(a)

Judging from the

of the

Das

akuBiaracharita

do you think that the

.liberated

under question

(2)

sliould

be corrected.

(J)

Hare

from the Greek 3. found in the Das'akutnara any words derived the meaning of the following words or Latin, (c) Explain
rases
:

STOT

^RTcft

qragr^qr^i

3fft?r,

*Ntffar,

wrer.

fr^-

1877

Translate

(a) ctorftifa*

3^cff
i

T%Sr?f
p. P*

&c...,,.,

^i. I& 2.

(&).

p.

162-163,

Write notes on the expressions underlined.

2.

(a)

xplain the following words

and expressions:

tj^f

r^.

*(b)

Explain the grammar

of

the

following and stafe

any

of the

forms are incorrect, giving the

corresponding correct

1897
1 State the

meaning

in

which the following words are used in

.leDas'akumaraoharita:

2 Translate into English

^
I

ft

Tn

P. P-

66-68.
society

tS

Write

a brief account of the

state of

mirrored in the

Das'akiuia'racharita as regards (1)

morality and (2) education.

1898
FT. II.
1

Translate into English

1#

ir?f

[841
J f

2 Sketch briefly the account of Pramati* 8 Give the meanings of

and