Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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:Sound Ray
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:Reflection of sound
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:Echo
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:Laws of reflection
..……………………………………………………… :Angle of incident
:Laws of reflection
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:Application of reflection
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:Refraction of sound
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.…
θ
φ
than) that in the second medium, sound refract away from the
.normal
:Laws of refraction
:The first law
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=
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:Where
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...…………………………… θ is •
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:N.B
:G.R
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:Questions
?How can you form a lens to diverge the sound •
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:Example
Sound ray fall in the separated surface between air and water.1
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]’38° 40 [
.Density of air)a
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:Interference of sound
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:Experiment
Vibration
generator
amplifier
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:Constructive interference
…………………………………… :Definition
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:Where
:Destructive interference
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:Where
:Example
Two waves of wavelength 0.5 m and velocity 300 m/s, if one of.1
the two waves starts after the second by 0.1 second. Find if the
.sound will be loud or decay
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:Diffraction of sound
.…………………………………………………………………… : Definition
G.R
.We can hear the sound of talking person in a closed room •
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.We can hear the sound of talking person behind a thick barrier •
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Superposition of waves
If the end of the string is free, the crest reflect as ……….. and •
:Node
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:Antinode
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:)Wave length (λ
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:Melde’s experiment
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:Vibration of strings
When a string of length (L) is fixed at both ends and plucked near
the center, it vibrates forming its "fundamental tone". This wave has
.a smallest possible frequency
Rule
:Vibration of strings
Fundamental Second
First overtone
.t overtone
:Shape
Number of
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segments n
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Ratio of ν .…….…………… .…….……………
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:As general
nλ
L =
2
2L
λ=
n
:Ratio of ν
V = .......... .× .......... ..
.......... .
∴ν =
.......... .
..........
but λ =
.........
.......... .
∴ν =
.......... ..
:Equation of strings
V =........ ×.........
FT
......... V =
but λ= m
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∴ V =ν
.......... .
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ν =
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........ ..........
ν=
......... .........
:Where
ν ∝ ..........
ν 1 .......... .
=
ν 2 .......... ..
ν1 .......... .
=
ν 2 .......... ..
ν ∝ ..........
ν 1 .......... .
=
ν 2 .......... ..
:Questions
Find the relation between the frequency and density of string's-1
material
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Find the relation between the frequency and radius of the string-2
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:Examples
A string of length (L) stretched on a sonometer with a.1
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]Hz 100 [
6.4 N to 8.1 N without change in its length. Find the ratio of the
frequencies in the two cases if you know that the string always
.emits its fundamental tone
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]8:9 [
A string of length 1.5 m and mass 1.5 x 10-3 kg. is stretched with-3
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]Hz 147.57 [
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]Hz 280 [
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]m/s 100 [
:.N.B
.…………………………………………… = Number of segments *
:.G.R
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