Immunology MScBI-1 PreUniversity Examination

Dated: 23.01.09. PART A: 1. Epitope is situated in ______. A. Antibody B. MHC complex. C. Antigen surface. D. In association with Hapten. Ans: C 2. Memory B cells and Plasma cells are associated with _______. A. Innate Immunity. B. Humoral Immunity. C. B lymphocyte. D. Both B. and C. Ans: D 3. All living organisms are naturally gifted with an ability to resist the invasion of any kind of foreign materials, and this natural mechanism is known as ________. A. Acquired immunity. B. Innate immunity. C. Natural immunity. D. Both B and C. Ans: D 4. Foreign entity is associated with the following specific immunological activity ________. A. Autoimmunity. B. Non-self immunity. C. Non-self recognition. D. Both B and C. Ans: D 5. _______ recognizes changes on virus-infected cells and destroy them by an extracellular killing mechanism. A. Plasma cells.

B. Helper cells. C. Natural killer cells D. Memory cells. Ans: C. 6. Opsonization is a process associated with ----------A. Phagocytosis involving coating of microorganism with C3b. B. Pinocytosis. C. Both a. and b. D. Recognition of the antigen presented by microorganism. Ans: A 7. Natural killer (NK) cells are associated with the releasing of _______ molecules. A. toxin B. toxic C. cytotoxic D. pus Ans: C 8. A specific component (C3b) formed during the process of activation of complement system, facilitate the phagocytic uptake of target materials by macrophages and neutrophils a phenomenon known as __________. A. Interferons. B. Acute phase proteins. C. Complement. D. Opsonophagocytosis. Ans: D. 9. Another name for an antigenic determinant is ______ A. Paratope B. Carriers C. Epitope D. Antigen Ans: C. 10.The sites in or on antigens with which antibodies react are called. A. Haplotypes B. Isotypes C. Epitopes D. Idiotypes Ans: C. 11._________ are produced in the red bone marrow by the process of hematopoiesis.

A. B. C. D.

Lymphocytes Plasma cells Cytokine cells Memory B cells.

Ans: A 12.______ is active mostly against the invaded bacteria, bacterial toxins and viruses. A. cell-mediated immunity B. antibody-mediated humoral immune response. C. Antigen-presenting cells. D. Phagocytic cells. Ans: B. 13.The rapid rise, elevated level, and prolonged production of antibody that follows a second exposure to antigen is known as the A. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction. B. Autoimmune response C. Anamnestic response D. Conditioned response. Ans: C. 14.The monokines that is intimately involved in the immune response is ______. A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) B. IL-2. C. IL-3 D. Macrophage-activating factor (MAF). Ans: A 15.One of the characteristics of the secondary immune response is that it _________ A. is mainly IgM antibody. B. requires a low dose of immunogen for induction. C. has low-affinity antibodies. D. Has a short duration of antibody synthesis. Ans: B. 16. A _______ is a subpopulation of T lymphocyte that aids in presentation of T-dependent antigens. A. T-plasma cells. B. T-memory cells. C. T-helper cell. D. None of the above. Ans: C

18.

17. There are a large number of antigens presenting cells in the body and almost all of them constitutively express __________. A. MHC class I molecule. B. MHC class II molecule. C. Both MHC class I and II molecules. D. None of the above. Ans: B. The antigen presenting cell releases a cytokine which is called----A. Interleukin-2 B. Interleukin-1 C. Interleukin-6 D. None of the above. Ans: B. 19. The basic unit of all immunoglobulins is constructed out of four polypeptides. The two light chains are identical, as are the two heavy chains. Each L chain is attached to an H chain by ________. A. covalent bonds. B. Van der waals attraction. C. dipole-dipole attraction. D. disulfide bridge linking cysteine residues and also by the mutual attraction of some of their hydrophobic amino acids. Ans: D 20 In most classes of antibody molecules, a small region rich in proline is present between _______. A. VH and CH. B. CH1 and CH2 domains of each heavy chain. C. Kappa and lambda. D. None of the above. Ans: B 21. Immunoglobulin, which plays a major role in protecting the surface tissues against infectious microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites by formation of an immune barrier is called _______. A. IgA. B. IgG C. IgM D. IgE Ans: A

22. _______ within an antibody molecule is produced by the complementary determining regions (CDRs) of the light and heavy chains generating a specific three-dimensional shape. A. Hapten. B. MHC complex. C. Paratope. D. None of the above. Ans: C 23. _________ are produced when any light chain join with any heavy chain. A. Different paratopes. B. Epitopes. C. MHC complex. D. Hapten. Ans: A 24. Activated helper T cells secrete gamma interferon (IFN-), which act as an activator of _______. A. Cytokine cells B. Macrophage cells. C. Interleukins. D. Natural killer cells Ans: B. 25. The thymus is a flat bilobed organ situated above the ______. A. Lungs. B. Kidney C. Stomach D. Heart. Ans: D. 26. T cells after entering the thymus they are found to multiply within the _______. A. Medulla B. Cortex. C. Both Cortex and Medulla. D. None of the above. Ans: B. 27. Thymic epithelial cells synthesize a group of thymic hormones, namely _____ A. Thymulin. B. Thymulin, -thymosin, -4 thymosin and thymopoietin. C. -thymosin.

D. thymopoietin Ans: B. 28. Spleen is an ovoid secondary lymphoid organ situated in the ________. A. Liver. B. Brachial artery. C. Left abdominal cavity. D. duodenal region Ans: C. 29. Spleen is an encapsulated structure which is compartmentalised into red pulp and white pulp by the _________. A. trabeculae of outer membrane. B. trabeculae of the capsule. C. trabeculae made up of connective tissue. D. trabeculae separating cortex and medulla. Ans: B. 30. Treatment of the IgG monomer with papain splits it into _____. A. One F(ab)2 fragment and one Fc fragment. B. two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment C. two Fd fragments . D. two Fc fragments. Ans: B. 31. The major antibody in immune globulin is _______. A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG Ans: D 32. Immunodeficiency resulting in increased susceptibility to viral and fungal infections is due primarily to a deficiency in ________. A. Macrophage. B. B cells C. T cells D. Neutrophil. Ans: C. 33. All of the following cell types participate in a humoral immune response to a thymus-independent antigen EXCEPT the A. T cell B. B cell C. macrophage.

D. antigen-presenting cell Ans: A 34. Macrophage engage in all of the following activities EXCEPT A. processing antigen. B. production of interleukin-2 (IL-2). C. presenting of antigen. D. Phagocytosis Ans: B 35. Immunoglobulin molecules contain all of the following structures EXCEPT A. Heavy (H) and Light (L) chains. B. Constant (C) domains. C. Variable (V) domains D. J chains Ans: D. 36. ______ are of particular importance in relation to intestinal parasite. A. IgG and IgM B. IgE and IgA C. IgD and IgA D. Ig E and Ig M Ans: B. 37. ____ cross link IgE on the surface of mast cells and cause degranulation followed by attraction of eosinophils. A. Parasite antigens B. Parasite surface molecule. C. Toxin released by parasite. D. Opsonins. Ans: A. 38. Parasitic infection evokes ______ immune responses. A. Humoral-mediated immune response. B. Cell-mediated immune responses C. Both Humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses. D. None of the above. Ans: C. 39. Trypanosoma cruzi can be killed by _________. A. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanisms B. Macrophage-dependent cell-mediated immune system. C. Platelets D. Tumor necrosis factor. Ans: A.

40. Individuls with sickle cell trait are resistant to ________. A. Filiariais. B. Schistosomiasis C. Malaria. D. Sleeping sickness. Ans: C. 41. Antigens from sites of infection reach lymph nodes via: A. Afferent lymphatic vessels. B. Efferent lymphatic vessels. C. Lymph node arteries. D. Lymph node veins. Ans: A. 42. Which of the following statements regarding epitopes is NOT TRUE? A. An antigen can contain many different epitopes. B. An epitope can be made of a continuous stretch of amino acids. C. A given epitope can be found on different antigens. D. An epitope is always immunogenic. Ans: D 43. Which of the following human immunoglobulin molecules has four heavy chain constant region domains? A. IgM B. IgD C. IgG1 D. IgA Ans: A 44. Which of the following class(es) of immunoglobulin utlilize(s) the J chain in forming multimeric Ig complexes? A. IgD B. IgG C. IgM D. IgE Ans: A

Part B: 45. Which substance helps to activate immune system? i) Antigen. ii) Epitope. iii) Haptens iv) Antigenic determinants. A. Only (i), (ii), and (iv) B. Only (ii), (iii) and (i). C. Only (ii), (iii) and (iv). D. None of the above. Ans: A. 46. When an antigen is introduced into an organism, the degree of its immunogenicity depends on how much greater the phylogenetic distance between two species. If this is true then which of the following are known to exhibit immunogenicity? i) Bovine serum albumin (BSA) when injected into a rabbit. ii) BSA when injected in a goat. iii) BSA when injected in a chicken iv) BSA when injected in Cow. A. Only (ii), (iii), and (iv). B. Only (i), (ii), and (iii). C. Only (iii) and (ii) D. All of the above. Ans: C. 47. _______ are those which soluble in the body fluids. Particulate antigens. Soluble antigens. Exotoxins. Endotoxins. A. (i) B. (i) and (ii). C. (ii) and (iv). D. (ii) and (iii) Ans: D. 48. Most Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of their cell wall that is toxic to hosts under certain circumstances. This LPS is called ______. Exotoxins. Endotoxins.

i) ii) iii) iv)

B. C. D.

Toxic proteins. Toxin. A. (ii), (iii) and (iv) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (iv) (ii) Ans: A. 49. The key features of all antigen presenting cells include -----i) their intrinsic ability to ingest and process the antigen to varying extent. ii) To display a selected part of the antigen on cell surface together with MHC class II molecules essential for its presentation to CD4+T-cells. iii) To degrade the ingested antigen. iv) Select an appropriate antigen fragment recognizable by + CD4 T cells for expression on their surface. A. (i) B. (i) and (iv) C. All of them. D. (ii) and (iii). Ans: C. 50. __________ may activate C1 component of the complement without the involvement of antibody or induces conformational changes in the Fc portion of IgM or IgG molecule that expose a binding site for the C1 component of the complement system. (i) Binding of antigen presenting cell with B-lymphocyte. (ii)The complexing of antibody with antigen, (iii) Some microbial products (Lipid A of endotoxin and Staphylococcal protein A) or plasmin (a proteolytic enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots). (iv) Binding of epitope region of the antigen and paratope region of antibody. A. only (i). B. (iii) and (i). C. (iii), (ii) and (iv) D. (ii) and (iv) Ans: C

51. Antibodies are group of ________. i) Alpha-globulins. ii) Gamma-globulins. iii) Beta-globulins. iv) Glycoproteins. A. only (i) B. (i) and (iii). C. (iii) only D. (ii) and (iv) Ans: D. 52. The complexing of antibody with antigen induces conformation changes in the Fc portion of the IgM or IgG molecule that expose a binding site for the C1 component of the complement system, which in serum is ________. i) C1q sub-component. ii) C1r iii) C1s iv) a molecular complex consisting of C1q and two molecules each of C1r and C1s held together in a complex (C1qr2s2). A. (i) only B. (ii) and (iii) C. (iv) only. D. (i) and (ii) Ans: C 53. Alternative pathway of complement activation involves ______ i) C3. ii) Factor B iii) Factor D iv) Properdin A. (i) only B. (ii) and (iii) C. (iii) and (i) D. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) Ans: D 54. Which of the following are not involved in phagocytosis? i) Attachment of the bacterium or particulate matter to the long membrane evaginations called pseudopodia. ii) Ingestion of bacterium to form a phagosome.

iii) Bacterium are killed by the some cytotoxic factors. iv) Fusion of phagosome and lysosome forms phagoglysosome and lysosomal enzymes are released into the phagosome. A. only (iii) B. only (i) C. Only (ii) and (iii) D. Only (i), (ii), and (iv). Ans: A. 55. Tissue damage caused by a wound or by an invading pathogen leads to the induction of a complex sequence of events collectively known as the inflammatory response, which shows _____. i) Redness, heat, itching, and pain sensation in some portion of the body. ii) Redness and burning sensation spreaded over wide region of the body. iii) Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function within a localized region. iv) Redness and itching sensation. A. only (i) B. Only (ii) C. Only (iii) D. Only (iv) Ans: C. 56. Monocyte on entering the tissues differentiate into _______. i) Cytotoxic cells ii) Natural killer cells iii) Macrophage cells. iv) Phagocytic cells. A. Only (i) B. Only (ii) and (iii) C. Only (iii) and (iv) D. Only (iii). Ans: C. 57. Effector components of cellular immune system constitute _______. (i) T and B lymphocytes. (ii) Macrophages, mast cells, killer cells, natural killer cells. (iii) Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. iv) Antigen presenting cells. A. only (i). B. Only (ii) and (iii)

iii) iv)

(iv)

C. All of the above. D. None of the above. Ans: C 58. T cell can attack ______. i) Host cells that have been parasitized by pathogens. ii) Tissue cells that have been transplanted from one host to another. Cancer cells. cell undergoing autoimmunity. A. only (i) and (ii). B. Only (ii) and (iii). C. Only (iii) and (iv) D. Only (i) ,(ii) and (iii). Ans: D. 59. Macrophages releases a number of complement components and cytokines such as _______. (i) Interleukin-1. (ii) Free Radicals (iii) Interferons. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF). A. Only (i) and (ii) B. Only (ii) and (iii) C. Only (i), (iii) and (iv). D. Only (iii) and (iv). Ans: C. 60. Antibodies secreted out by plasma cells are a group of _____ present in the gamma globulin fraction of blood serum, tissue fluids and on the surface of B cells. (i) Glycoproteins. (ii)Lipopolysaccharides. (iii) Sphingosine. (iv) Lipoproteins. A. Only (i) B. Only (ii) C. Only (iii) D. Only (iv). Ans: A. 61. Gamma-interferons are secreted by _______. i) TH cells ii) Tc cells. iii) Both TH and Tc cells.

iv) Interleukins. A. (i) B. (ii) C. (iii) D. None of the above. Ans: A. Part C: 62. Match the following in the Set I with their appropriate match in the Set II: Set I: 1. The CD8+ T-cell kills the target cell. 2. armed T-cell 3. Lymphokine 4. Interferon- Set II: a. kills the target cell by inducing apoptosis. b. Released by TH cells c. Produced by TH cells d. Some of them become memory T-cells. A. 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c. B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d C. 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a D. 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b Ans: A 63. Match the following in the Set I with their appropriate match in the Set II. Set I: 1. Dust cells 2. Histocytes 3. Osteoclasts 4. Kuppfer Set II: a. Liver b. Lung c. Connective tissue d. Bone A. 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c

B. 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a C. 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d D. 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b Ans: B 64. Match the following in the Set I with their appropriate match in the Set II. Set I: 1. Neutrophil 2. Eosinophil 3. Basophil 4. Mast cell Set II: a. phagocytic granulocyte, which take basic dyes only. b. bears Fc receptor for IgE c. multilobed phagocytic granulocytes, which take both acid and basic dyes d. bilobed phagocytic granulocytes, which are take acid dye only and are capable of migrating from the blood into the tissue spaces. A. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c B. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d Ans: C.