STATICS TORSION TUTORIAL 1

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.1

1. A shaft is made from tube 25 mm outer diameter and 20 mm inner diameter. The shear stress must
not exceed 150 MPa. Calculate the maximum torque that should be placed on it.
J = D4/32 = (0.254 0.024)/32 = 22.64 x 10 -9 m4
R = 0.0125 m
= 150 MPa
T = J/R = (150 x 10 6)( 22.64 x 10 -9)/ 0.0125 = 271.7 Nm
2. A shaft is made of solid round bar 30 mm diameter and 0.5 m long. The shear stress must not
exceed 200 MPa. Calculate the following.
i. The maximum torque that should be transmitted.
ii. The angle of twist which will occur.
Take G = 90 GPa.
T/J =/R = G/L
J = D4/32 = x 0.034 /32 = 79.52 x 10 -9 m4
R = 0.015 m
L = 0.5 m G = 90 GPa

= 200 MPa

T = J/R = (200 x 10 6)( 79.52 x 10 -9)/ 0.015 = 1060 Nm

= L/G R = (200 x 10 6)(0.5)/(90 x 10 9)(0.015) = 0.074 radian or 4.2o

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.2

1. A shaft is made from tube 25 mm outer diameter and 20 mm inner diameter. The shear stress must
not exceed 150 MPa. Calculate the maximum power that should be transmitted at 500 rev/min.
P = 2NT/60 = 2P(500)(271.7)/60 = 14226 W

2. A shaft must transmit 20 kW of power at 300 rev/min. The shear stress must not exceed 150 MPa.
Calculate a suitable diameter.
(Ans.27.8 mm)
P = 2NT/60 = 2P(300)(T)/60 = 20 000 W
T = 636.6 Nm
T/J=/R
(636.6) (32)/(D4) = (150 x 106)/(D/2)
D3 = (636.6)(32)/()(2)(15 x 106) = 216 x 10-6 D = 0.0278 m

A steel shaft 5 m long, having a diameter of 50 mm, is to transmit power at a rotational speed of
600 rev/min. If the maximum shear stress is limited to 60MN/m2. Determine the following.
(i) The maximum power that can be transmitted.
(ii) The corresponding angle of twist.
Assume the modulus of rigidity for steel is 80 GN/m2.

T/J =/R = G/L

J = D4/32 = x 0.054 /32 = 613.6 x 10 -9 m4
R = 0.025 m
L=5m
G = 80 GPa

= 60 MPa

T = J/R = (60 x 10 6)( 613.6 x 10 -9)/ 0.5 = 1473 Nm

P = 2NT/60 = (2)(600)(1473)/60 = 92.5 x103 W
= L/G R = (60 x 10 6)(5)/(80 x 10 9)(0.5) = 0.15 radian or 8.59o

4. A hollow steel shaft with a diameter ratio of 0.75 and a length of 4 m is required to transmit 1 MW
at 120 rev/min. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 70 MN/m2 nor is the overall angle of twist
to exceed 1.75o. Determine the following.
(i) The necessary outside diameter of the shaft so that both of the above limitations are satisfied.
(ii) The actual maximum shear stress and the actual angle of twist.
Assume the modulus of rigidity for steel is 80 GPa
T = 60P/2N = (60) (1 x 106) /(2)(120) = 79577 Nm
J = D4/32 = {D4 (0.75D) 24}/32 = 0.06711 D4
First try the maximum stress using the Torque value
T/J = 2/D
(79577) /(0.06711 D4) = 2(70 x 106)/D
3
D = 0.0084696
D = 0.2038 m
Check the angle of twist
= 2L/GD = 2(70 x 106)(4)/(80 x 109)( 0.2038) = 0.0343 radian and this is too big so not the right
answer.
Now try the maximum angle and Find T
T/J=G/L
(79577) /(0.06711 D4) = (80 x 109)(0.03054)/(5)
D4 = 0.002426
D = 0.2038 m
Check the stress
= GD/2L = 62.25 x 106 N/m2 or 62.25 MPa so it is safe.

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.3

1. Calculate the maximum shear stress and angle of twist for a rectangular shaft 1 m long and section
40 mm x 30 mm when it transmits a torque of 200 Nm. The modulus of rigidity is 80 GPa
4
4
1

D 1 D
30 1 30
3 1
K = BD 0.21 1 = 0.04 x 0.03 0.21 1 = 194.4 x 10 9
B 12 B
40 12 40
3
3

T (3B + 1.8D ) 200{(3 x 0.04 ) + (1.8 x 0.03)}

m =
=
= 24 MPa
B2 D 2
0.04 2 0.03 2
TL
200 x 1
=
=
= 0.00128 or 0.7 o
KG 194.4 x 10 9 x 80 x 10 9
3

2. Calculate the maximum shear stress and angle of twist for a rectangular shaft 1 m long and section
60 mm x 20 mm when it transmits a torque of 400 Nm. The modulus of rigidity is 80 GPa
4
4
1

D 1 D
20 1 20
3 1
K = BD 0.21 1 = 0.06 x 0.02 0.21 1 = 126.4 x 10 9
B 12 B
60 12 60
3
3

T (3B + 1.8D ) 400{(3 x 0.06 ) + (1.8 x 0.02 )}

m =
=
= 60 MPa
B2 D 2
0.06 2 0.02 2
TL
400 x 1
=
=
= 0.039 or 2.3o
KG 126.4 x 10 9 x 80 x 10 9
3