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Present Perfect
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Past Simple
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PAST SIMPLE
We use the past simple *To express a finished action in the past: We met in 2000 I went to Manchester last week John left two minuts ago *To express actions that follow each other in a story: Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She Heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. She threw the curtain open, and then she saw *To express a past situation or habit: When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. Every day I walked for miles on the beach with my dog *To talk about actions or events that happened at a particular time in the past: I left work at 10:30. Jackson replied I took a taxi home. *To describe a series of actions or events in the past: Jackson put on his coat, switched off the light, opened the door and walked out onto the Street *The form of the Past Simple is the same for all persons: He left at three oclock They arrived three weeks ago She didnt finish one time yesterday I didnt visit my parents llast weekend

 Spelling of verb + -ed *Most regular verbs add ed to the base form of the verb worked wanted helped washed *When the verb ends in e, add only d liked used hated cared *If the verb has only one syllable, with one vowel + one consonant doubl the consonant before adding ed stopped planned robbed But we write cooked, seated and moaned because there are two vowels *The consonat is not doubled if it is y or w played showed *In most two syllable evrbs, the end consonant is doubled if the stress i son the second syllable preferred admitted But we write entered and visited because the stress i son the first syllable *Verbs that ebd in a consonant + -y change the -y to th ied carried hurried buried But we write enojye, because it ends in a vowel + -y Positive SUBJECT I He/She/It We You They VERB COMPLEMENT

moved went

to London in 1985

 Negative We use didnt + infinitive (without to) in all persons SUBJECT I He/She/It We You They DIDNT VERB go move COMPLEMENT

didnt

to London

Question We use did + infinitive (without to) in all persons WH-QUESTION When Where DID SUBJECT I He/She/It We You They VERB + ?

did

go?

Yes/No Questions DID SUBJECT I He/She/It We You They VERB like enjoy COMPLEMENT + ? the film? the party?

Did

*Short Answers: No, didnt . Time Expressions nigh week saturday month year

Yes, did.

last

PRESENT PERFECT *The Present Perfect looks back from the presen tinto teh past, and
expresses was has happenned before now. The action happened at an indefinite time in the past Ive met a lotr of famous people (before now) She has won awards (in her life) Shes written twenty books (up to now) The action can continue to the present, and probably into the future Shes ived here for twenty years (she stil lives here)

*The Present Perfect expresses an experience as part of someones life Ive travelled a lot in Africa Theyve lived all over rhe world Ever and never are common with this use Have tou ever been in a car crash? My mother has never flownin a plane

* The Present Perfect expresses an action state which began in the past and continuous to the present Ive known Alice for six years How long have you worked as a teacher?

*The time expressions for and since are common with this use. We use for with a period of time, and since with a poin in time Weve lived here for two years (a period of time) Ive hada tatto since I was a teenager (a point in time) //The past participle of regular verbs ends in ed. There are many common irregular past participles

 Positive and Negative SUBJECT I We You They He She It

POSITIVE ve (have)

NEGATIVE ve not (havent)

COMPLEMENT

lived abroad? s (has) s not (has not)

Question AUXILIAR Have SUBJECT I We You They He She It COMPLEMENT

been to the United States?

Has

Question Have you been to Egypt?

Short Answer Yes, have / No, havent

PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE *The Past Simple refers to an action that happenden at a definitive time in the past: He died in 1882 She got married when she was 22 The action finished: I lived in pars for a year (but not now) *Time expressions in 1999 last week two months ago on March 22 for two years

PRESENT PERFECT *The Present Perfect refers to an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past: She was written short stories Hes made five albums Ive never been to America The ation can continue to the present She lived there for twenty years (and he still does) *Time expressions for twenty years Ive worked here since 2002 since I left school Weve never been to America

I did it

PRESENT PERFECT The Present Perfect can express unfinished actions.

PAST SIMPLE The Past Simple express completed actions

*Ive lived in Texas for six years. (I still live there) *Ive written several books. (I can still write some more)

*I lived in Texas for six years. (Now I live somewhere else) *Shakespeare wrote 30 plays. (He cant write any more)

// Notice the Time Expressions used with the two tenses

PRESENT PERFECT (indefinite) Have you seen Amy this morning? (Its still morning)

PAST SIMPLE (definite) Did you see Amy this morning? (Its the afternoon or evening)

Ive done it

for a long time since July before recently

I did it

yesterday last week two years ago at eight oclock in 1987 when I was Young for a long time