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Mass Rapid Transit development in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City

Robert Valkovic
Principal Transport Specialist Asian Development Bank

Urban Transport Development Key Challenges!

Rapid urban expansion with high growth in transportation demand transport demand dominated by private transport (95% HCMC, 90% Ha Noi). Motorcycles 80-90% of traffic (2-3/HH) Motor car growth 15-20%p.a. Integration of public transport development plans Separate institutional organizations Poor demand management and planning High land costs Limited national and local finances

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Public Transport System Plans!

Approved Transport Master Plans to improve public transport systems (achieve >40% public transport: 10-15% MRT, 25% buses)
Re-define the role of private transport Adopt low carbon transport growth Short term - slow modal shift from motorbikes to cars and constrain private demand Medium/long term fully integrated public transport

Ho Chi Minh City: establish 6 MRT line, 2 monorail, 1 BRT (Phase 1 3 MRT, 1 BRT) Ha Noi: 6 MRT lines, 2 BRT (Phase 1 4 MRT, 1 BRT) Substantive bus system and urban road improvements

HCMC Master Plan Ha Noi Master Plan (phase 1 - 3 lines) (phase 1 4 lines)

Line 2 (2011-17): $1.4 bil

Line 5 (2013-18): $1.3 bil

Line 2 (2013-18): $1.3 bil

Line 1 (2010-15): $2.1 bil

Line 3 (2010-17): $1.4 bil Line 2A (2011-15): $0.9 bil

Line 1 (2013-18): $1.2 bil

HCMC - Approx. $5.3 billion

Ha Noi - Approx. $5.2 billion

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Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs and public transport

Technical: Design/cost:
Design-build to promote innovation and cost effectiveness Financier influenced E&M systems One ticket for all modes (MRT, LRT, bus) Open technology, contactless One public regulatory entity overall, Separate operators for each line (public and private)

Multiple types of systems

Ticketing system

Operations and Maintenance

Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport

Integration Measures: Limited land availability near stations Inter modal hubs Bus system improvements
Feeder routes Bus Rapid Transit New bus technologies

Station connectivity eVehicles, local shuttles, bike sharing Park and ride facilities Pedestrian friendly access

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Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport

Institutional Development: Integrated planning of modal interfaces Strengthening implementation capabilities
Project Management support and training Support for inter-departmental cooperation Strategic Partnerships Re-define role of SOE service providers, create a level playing field for new bus operators Regulatory authority, over all city transport Establish in advance of initial opening of MRT

Public Transport Authority

Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport

Policy and Regulatory: Integrated fare policy Parking Strategy
Space restriction, suitable pricing Pricing (congestion charging, road pricing) Regulation enforcement Commercial development at stations Utilize Public Private Partnership for MRT line development

Reduce usage of private transport modes

Improved environment for private sector

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Addressing challenges of integration and interoperability of MRTs with public transport

Enhancing social features and mitigating negative social impacts: Gender issues:
Station features to support female passengers Equipment and rolling stock designed to be gender friendly

Accessibility for vulnerable groups Support for public transport usage by low income groups Green Space/Local Land Use Planning
Reduce private vehicle space through pedestrianization of roads and public transport zones Commercial development near station, including informal vendors

Public awareness campaign

Addressing challenges of MRT financing

High financing costs: Strong central government support (perhaps only for Phase 1?) Financial Support options:
Official Development Assistance (70-80% for phase 1): Development Banks and agencies ADB, World Bank, EIB Bilateral Agencies JICA, France (DG Tresor and AFD), PRC, Spain, Germany (KfW), Climate Change Funds Clean Technology Fund $50 million allocated for integration measures in Ha Noi and HCMC Longer term alternatives PPP, Private Sector, Green Fund

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Conclusion
Key success factors for MRT in Hanoi and HCMC Strong Commitment to modal change Leadership by city governments to ensure good integration at opening of MRT Acceptance of institutional reform to public transport agencies Long term partnerships with donors, cities and regional agencies Leverage of applicable non-government financing sources

THANK YOU