POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+

Page | 1
M.umar

ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN ECONOMY
Muhammad Umar Internee of ZTBL
Govt. Post Graduate College Bahawalpur.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 2
M.umar


Name Page No
Executive Summary
03
Agriculture plays an important role in Pakistan economy
04
Objective of agriculture
05
Crops
06
Agriculture production system
10
Molecular Breeding
12
Budget approved for research in the agriculture sector of
Pakistan
15
Role of Zarai Taraqiati bank limited (ZTBL)
17
Conclusion
23
Recommendation
24
Reference
26





Executive Summary
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 3
M.umar

Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where
most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on
agriculture for subsistence. Biotechnology has considerable potential for promoting
the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and poverty reduction. Use
of modern biotechnology started in Pakistan since 1985. Currently, there are 29
biotech centers/institutes in the country.
The object of Agriculture has changed form self-reliance to
Commercialization and this is called Economic operation in Agriculture. This
research comprising the several variables having some predictors and self-
sufficient. Gross Domestic product is one of the well-built indicators to measure
the growth pattern of the economy. It notifies the Aggregate value of all final
goods and services produced within a country over the specific time period.
According to the World Bank the GDP of Pakistan was $161.99 Billion or
5,475,716 Million in PKR in the year 2009.
Banking is one of the most sensitive businesses all over the world. Banks play very
important role in the economy of every country all over the world and Pakistan is
no exemption. ZTBL is playing its one of the most important role in the
development of the Agriculture Sector of the Pakistan. On 14th December 2002,
under the ordinance of the Agricultural Development of the Pakistan 1961, ZTBL
was incorporated as Public Limited Company. This Bank severs its venerated
customers in the form of different customized products. It is providing both type of
severs financial and non-financials mostly to its clients of the rural areas of the
Pakistan, which comprises of 68% of the Pakistans total population.


POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 4
M.umar


Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where
most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on
agriculture for subsistence. Biotechnology has considerable potential for promoting
the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and poverty reduction. Use
of modern biotechnology started in Pakistan since 1985. Currently, there are 29
biotech centers/institutes in the country. However, few centers have appropriate
physical facilities and trained manpower to develop genetically modified crops.
Most of the activities have been on rice and cotton, which are among the top 5
crops of Pakistan. Biotic (virus/bacterial/insect) and a-biotic (salt) resistant and
quality (male sterility) genes have already been incorporated in some crop plants.
Despite acquiring capacity to produce transgenic plants, no genetically modified
crops, either produced locally or imported, have been released in the country.
Pakistan is signatory to the World Trade Organization, Convention on Biological
Diversity, and Cartagena protocols. Concerted and coordinated efforts are needed
among various ministries for implementation of regulation and capacity building
for import-export and local handling of GM crops. Pakistan could easily benefit
from the experience of Asian countries; especially China and India, where
conditions are similar and the agriculture sector is almost like that of Pakistan.
Thus, the exchange of information and experiences is important among these
nations.


POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 5
M.umar
Objective of agriculture:
The object of Agriculture has changed form self-reliance to
Commercialization and this is called Economic operation in Agriculture.
Farming supplies is now being changed instead to individual benefits but as
exchange commercial business. The aim of production converted into
maximization the profitable level. Similarly the concept of self-sufficiency has
become changed into profit maximization. This research comprising the several
variables having some predictors and self-sufficient. Gross Domestic product is
one of the well-built indicators to measure the growth pattern of the economy. It
notifies the Aggregate value of all final goods and services produced within a
country over the specific time period. According to the World Bank the GDP of
Pakistan was $161.99 Billion or 5,475,716 Million in PKR in the year 2009.


.




POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 6
M.umar


Major crops:
The major crops grown are wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize. Gram
and other pulses, oil seeds, and fodder crops are also grown in different parts
of the country on sizeable areas. In Pakistan, the average yields of crops, despite
rapid increase in the Green Revolution era, are still low compared to other
countries. A large gap exists between the potential and realized yield for almost all
the major crops. With a few exceptions, the average yield of most of the crops is
either stagnant or has even declined during the last decade, while input costs and
amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. continued to increase.
The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which together
account for more than 75% of the value of total crop output.
Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400
metric tons of wheat, more than all of Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly
as much as all of South America (24,557,784 metric tons), according to the FAO.
The country is expected to harvest 25 to 23 million tons of wheat in 2012.
Pakistan has also cut the use of dangerous pesticides dramatically.
Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years when its harvest is
adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially
Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports vegetable oil, wheat, cotton,
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 7
M.umar
pulses and consumer foods. The country is Asia's largest camel market, second-
largest apricot and ghee market and third-largest cotton, onion and milk market.
The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its
share of GDP was around 53%. Following the poor harvest of 1993, the
government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including increased support
prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded availability of agricultural
credit. From 1993 to 1997, real growth in the agricultural sector averaged 5.7% but
has since declined to about 4%. Agricultural reforms, including increased wheat
and oilseed production, play a central role in the government's economic reform
package.
Pakistan's agriculture output is utilized:
Much of the Pakistan's agriculture output is utilized by the country's growing
processed-food industry. The value of processed retail food sales has grown 12
percent annually during the Nineties and was estimated at over $1 billion in 2000,
although supermarkets accounted for just over 10% of the outlets
Federal Bureau of Statistics
The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued major crop yields at Rs.504,
868 million in 2005 thus registering over 55% growth since 2000 while minor crop
yields were valued at Rs.184, 707 million in 2005 thus registering over 41%
growth since 2000. The exports related to the agriculture sector in 200910 are Rs
288.18 billion including food grains, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, fisheries products,
spices and livestock.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 8
M.umar
Livestock
Main article: Animal husbandry in Pakistan
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, the livestock sector contributes
about half of the value added in the agriculture sector, amounting to nearly 11 per
cent of Pakistan's GDP, which is more than the crop sector. The leading daily
newspaper Jang reports that the national herd consists of 24.2 million cattle, 26.3
million buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million goats and 0.8 million camels. In
addition to these there is a vibrant poultry sector in the country with more than 530
million birds produced annually. These animals produce 29.472 million tons of
milk (making Pakistan the 4th largest producer of milk in the world), 1.115 million
tons of beef, 0.740 million tons of mutton, 0.416 million tons of poultry meat,
8.528 billion eggs, 40.2 thousand tons of wool, 21.5 thousand tons of hair and 51.2
million skins and hides.
Food and Agriculture Organization reported:
The Food and Agriculture Organization reported in June 2006 that in Pakistan,
government initiatives are being undertaken to modernize milk collection and to
improve milk and milk product storage capacity.
The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued this sector at Rs.758, 470
million in 2005 thus registering in The Year 2000 are 70%.



POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 9
M.umar
Fishery

Main article: Fishing in Pakistan
Fishery and fishing industry plays an important role in the national economy of
Pakistan. With a coastline of about 1046 km, Pakistan has enough fishery
resources that remain to be fully developed. It is also a major source of export
earnings.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 10
M.umar
Agricultural production system:
The agricultural production system in the country can operate on sound scientific
and stable bases only if farm technology is kept in tune with the changing
environmental and socio-economic conditions through an efficient and dynamic
agricultural research system (ARS). Biotechnology is one of the recently emerging
sciences that developed very quickly in different fields affecting human life. It
shows a huge potential in helping mankind solve problems that are difficult to deal
with using traditional methods. This science has passed the period of academic
study and has reached the phase of practical application on a large scale. In
agriculture, biotechnology has been applied in different fields, including the
production of genetically modified (GM) crops. Biotechnology has considerable
potential for promoting the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and
poverty reduction, especially in developing countries like Pakistan.
Agriculture Biotechnology in Pakistan:
First training course on recombinant DNA technology was organized at the
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan, one of
the 3 agricultural centers of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
This workshop recommended the establishment of an exclusive National Center of
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. Meanwhile, the United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) initiated efforts to establish an International
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), and Pakistan applied
for locating such a center in the country. Two review missions visited Pakistan for
evaluation, and Pakistan was short listed. Unfortunately it was not built in
Pakistan, and ICGEB was divided into 2 parts, located in New Delhi, India, and
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 11
M.umar
Trieste, Italy. Biotechnology research has been carried out at many of the research
centers in Pakistan. There are now more than 300 scientists working in 29 research
centers conducting biotechnology research on various aspects of different crops,
and about US $17 million has been invested by the government in biotechnology
research and development during the last 3-4 years.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 12
M.umar
Molecular Breeding:
In Pakistan, most of the crop improvement activities using modern biotechnology
are focused on rice and cotton, which are among the top 5 crops of Pakistan.
Brassica, chickpea, chilies, cucurbits, potato, sugarcane, tobacco, and tomato have
recently been taken up. Among indigenously developed GM crops, cotton is at a
fairly advanced stage of commercialization. Similarly, virus-resistant and salinity-
tolerant GM cotton is at the field stage of evaluation. Following cotton is basmati
rice, which has also been evaluated in the field for 2 years although not yet
submitted for approval. Three other GM plants (sugarcane, potato, and tomato) are
also in greenhouses at the field stage. Although transgenic plants of these crops
have been obtained, field evaluation was hampered due to the delays in approval of
biosafety guidelines. No GM crop has been approved for commercial cultivation so
far in Pakistan under Pakistan Biosafety Rules (2005). National bio-safety rules by
the Ministry of Environment (MOEnv) have now provided an opportunity to
evaluate the GM crops for safe release into the environment and for commercial
cultivation. There are now 10 cases of GM crop plants being submitted to the
National Biosafety Committee (NBC) for evaluation/approval.
All regulated laboratory research is classified into
(l) Minimal level of risk,
(2) Low risk, or
(3) Considerable risk,
(5) Laboratory containment conditions
For regulated field work, comprehensive containment conditions have been prescribed separately
for GM microorganisms plants and animals.
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 13
M.umar
Pakistan has made considerable progress in the research and development sector of
agriculture biotechnology and has developed several GM crops. However,
commercial release is hampered due to delays and weak capacity of regulatory
bodies related to biosafety and IPR (Plant Breeders Rights).There is an illegal
spread of biotech (BT) cotton on a large area due to strong demand of farmer
community. So far, development of GM crops has remained exclusively in the
public sector, but lately multinational companies (MNCs) have made the initiative
to enter into the market under new conducive regulatory regimes that need to be
further strengthened. Capacity building in regulating authorities aided by strict
legal control is a prerequisite for safe and sustainable use of agricultural
biotechnology. It is expected that the farmers of Pakistan will reap the benefits of
legally released and indigenously developed biotech crops in the next 1-2 years.
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 14
M.umar
Agriculturists dont feel comfortable with the new budget. While it is
understandable that agriculture sector is a devolved subject but point out that when
government has come up with allocations for health and education sectors, which,
too are devolved ministries, agriculture should have been given considerable
allocations in some sectors.
According to them, the Rs405-million allocation for bio-technology, hybrid seed
production for enhanced crop production, agriculture research, among others is
nominal. In water resource development, an allocation of Rs38.2 billion is
earmarked for irrigation projects including small and medium dams, check and
delay action dams, canals and improvement of existing irrigation system will for
living of irrigation channels in saline zones in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Rs3 billion is allocated. Again, they say, it will not be helpful.
The levy of 16 per cent GST on goods remain unchanged something that is in
sharp contrast to the demand of farmers bodies that it must go or at least
drastically reduced given the fact that it has a direct impact on their per-acre cost
of production. Agriculturalists see no relief in terms of cost of diesel, whose
frequent hikes are dealing a blow to the sector.
Successive massive floods in 2010 and 2011 hit the irrigation infrastructure in
Sindh, rendering colossal damages to irrigation channels, distributaries and canals.
Irrigation system has a direct linkage with agriculture sector if enhanced
productive is to be achieved. Huge silt deposits in canals and subsequent delay in
de-silting of canals has always be a matter of concern for growers because their
farmland especially those at tail-end of canal system dont get regular supply of
water even when there is adequate flows in the system. The situation gets
complicated when there is severe water shortage.
Therefore the farmers want the government to pay serious attention to
rehabilitation of damaged irrigation channels in the wake of 2010 super floods and
2011 heavy rains. In 2010, the super floods mainly hit areas located on right bank
of River Indus and 2011 heavy rains damaged water channels and saline water
drains in areas located on left bank of the river.
The top priority of Sindh government in 2012-13 fiscal years budget should be
rehabilitation of drains and canals infrastructure and we expect the government to
handle the situation cautiously, says Dr. Nadeem Qamar, president Sindh
Chamber of Agriculture (SCA). He says the allocations for health and education
are higher than agriculture sector.
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 15
M.umar
Budget approved for research in the
agriculture sector of Pakistan

The agriculture sector of Pakistan is the most important to the countrys economic
growth. However, over the last few years, this sector has been suffering from lack
of research and new techniques. Considering this situation, the Punjab Agriculture
Research Board (PARB) has approved budget of Rs 450 million for the year 2012-
13 for funding high priority research projects under competitive grant system. This
approval was made in the 27
th
meeting of PARB that was held with the Provincial
Minister for Agriculture, Malik Ahmad Ali.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 16
M.umar

According to official sources, 30 new agriculture research projects and ongoing
projects under the supervision of PARB were also approved during this meeting.
The board also reviewed the progress of 12 projects currently being funded by
PARB and expressed their satisfaction after evaluating them thoroughly.
During the meeting, the agriculture minister encouraged PARB as well as other
agriculture experts to construct effective agricultural policies for productivity
enhancement and resource conservation. He further added that Agriculture and
livestock sector is top priority of the Punjab Government as these vital sectors
contribute a major role in economic development of Pakistan.
Currently, the Punjab government is putting in a great deal of effort to increase
result oriented research in agriculture sector of Pakistan. A few of the projects have
already started to show positive outcomes for the sector. It is hoped that with the
introduction of new technologies over the coming years, the agriculture sector
would become more efficient and productive

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 17
M.umar


Zarai Taraqiati bank limited formulated known as agricultural development bank
of Pakistan is now one the main credit supplier to the agricultural sector in the
country. It was established in 1961 by the merger of agricultural development
finance corporation (ADFC) and the agriculture bank of Pakistan (ABP). The
ZTBL has its head office in Islamabad in reorganization; it has been converted into
a public company. The ZTBL concentrates on modernization of agriculture,
increased farm productivity with emphases on the provision of credit to small
farmer and rural women. The credit is provided to the farming community for the
purchase of primary inputs like fertilizers pesticides machinery, poultry farming,
and dairy farming etc. It aims at rural self-employment and poverty reduction of
the farmers in villages.
1) Adoption of village based banking:
The Zarai Tarqiati bank limited initially started branch based credit scheme to the
farmer as most of the farmer were not able to get benefits from the loans advanced
by ADBP. Ti introduced supervised credit scheme in 1979. The supervised credit
scheme is a farmer oriented scheme. Under this scheme the potential farmers ate
technology ate provided to them after necessary documentation in their own
village. The scheme Is, therefore, village based rather than branch based.
The ZTBL advances, short, medium, and low term loans to the farmers. The short
terms loans are given for financing the cost of raising processing and marketing of
crops and other agro-based industries. The medium term loans are provided for the
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 18
M.umar
purchased of agriculture implement, leveling of land and setting up of agro-based
industries the long term loans ate provided for the purchase of tractor , installation
of tube-wells, construction of warehouses etc. the various loan operations are as
under.
2) ZTBL role in poverty reduction:
The ZTBL is supplementing the Government program for poverty
alleviation. It is providing financial assistance to rural poor in
(i) Credit program for women and
(ii) Micro credit scheme.
3) Farm mechanization and water resource development:
The ZTBL is helping the farmer for increasing farm productivity and achieving
self-sufficiency in food production. For achieving this objective, the bank has played a key role
in providing finance for the purchase of tractor, installation of tube-wells, threshers, combine
harvester and other farm implements which help in increasing farm yield.
4) Sada Bahar scheme:
For providing timely input loans for crops and working capital for poultry and fishery etc,
the Bank has launched a Sada Bahar Scheme. Assessment for inputs requirements for the
whole year is made at the time of first application. The amount so assessed is treated as
Revolving Limit provided it is within the security limit. The Managers are authorized to
sanction such loan limits up toRs.O.500 million.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 19
M.umar
5) One window operation:
ZTBL has launched a one-window operation to enhance credit facilities particularly to
small farmers. This will facilitate to cater for purchase for inputs during peak sowing
season of both Rabi and Kharif Crops with the collaboration of Provincial Governments,
Revenue Officials and Postal Authorities. Agriculture Pass books are issued at the spot to
intending new borrowers. Their land records entered and loans are sanctioned at focal
points whereas payments are released on the very next day from the concerned branch.
During July-March, 2006-07, an amount of Rs 9.069 billion has been disbursed under this
scheme
6) Crop loan Insurance Scheme Benazir Tractor Scheme
In order to bridge the gap between demand and supply position of tractor in
the country, the federal Government has decided to launch accelerated
agriculture mechanization for productivity enhancement, Benazir tractor
scheme through ZTBL.
The scheme envisages supply of 10000 tractors during 2009 to 10 to farmers
to be selected through computerized balloting for grant of subsidy up to 50%
of the of the tractor subject to maximum of Rs. 200,000 per
beneficiary/tractor.

POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 20
M.umar
Salient feature:
Operational jurisdiction:
Throughout Pakistan including FATA, FANA, AJ & K &
Fedral Capital Aria, Islamabad.
Time line/ Schedule
Application under the scheme was received from 22
nd
July, 2009 to
3
rd
august, 2009 computerized balloting was held in Islamabad on 12
th
September,
2009.
But at the latest 2012 tractor scheme 2.5 acres are required and application was
submitted only 25 to 35 age people under this age and above age cannot submitted
application for tractor purpose.
7) Crop maximization project :
This project aims at assisting the farmer to increase farm production. A total of
109 villages are covered under this project. Farmers 25 acres of land are entitled
to receive loans for the purchase of input water saving devices and modern
technology.



POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 21
M.umar
8) Awami Zarai Scheme
All new borrowers of crop production loans will have to avail revolving limit
under Awami Zarai scheme to get inputs through M/S KSSL under kind system.
This scheme is optional for existing borrowers of the bank.
Silent feature:
Operational jurisdiction: all over the Pakistan.
Selection of borrower:
Bank MCO selects the borrower keeping in view the criteria fixed for
Sada Bahar scheme.
Delivery channel:
Tangible securities.
Lease land acceptance criteria:
Up to 12.5 acres in all province and AJ&K however. For farmers of
NWFP loans up to Rs, 100,000 or for leases land up to 12.5 acres.






POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 22
M.umar
9) Crop loan insurance scheme:
After getting clearance from the ZTBL board insurance arrangement are
being made with adamjee insurance company ltd.
As per Government/SBP instructions initially crop loan insurance scheme
is being launched.
Silent features:
Scope: all branches of the bank through the country.
Premium: premium will be charged 1.3% (inclusive of all taxes and levies) of
loan sanctioned for Rabi and Kharif crops separately. Bank will pay the
premium for subsistence farmers and will get reimbursement from the
Government on half yearly basis.
Maximum loan limit: Rs.500, 000 in an individual case.
Sum insured: production loan for agreed crops of each season (Rabi & Kharif) for
which premium is paid.
Crops covered: Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Rice, & Maize.





POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 23
M.umar


Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where
most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on
agriculture for subsistence. The object of Agriculture has changed form self-
reliance to Commercialization and this is called Economic operation in
Agriculture. This research comprising the several variables having some predictors
and self-sufficient. Gross Domestic product is one of the well-built indicators to
measure the growth pattern of the economy. Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat.
In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400 metric tons of wheat, more than all of
Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly as much as all of South America
(24,557,784 metric tons), according to the FAO. The country is expected to harvest
25 to 23 million tons of wheat in 2012. Our Government should introduced latest
variety of seeds if the farmer cultivate and get more then more quantity. Our
government must be low rate of fuel like diesel etc and machinery which is used to
cultivate of land for cultivate of land and held a seminar where the expert and well
educated person telling to the farmer or training how to cultivate of her land and
how he get more then more quantity. Financial institution must be low rate of
return as this type of rate of return which is bearable to the farmer and all financial
institutions easy type of loan requirement. The major crops grown are wheat, rice,
cotton, sugarcane, and maize. Gram and other pulses, oil seeds, and fodder crops
are also grown in different parts of the country on sizeable areas. In Pakistan, the
average yields of crops, despite rapid increase in the Green Revolution era, are still
low compared to other countries. So our government must be attention in
agriculture sector because agriculture sector is back bone of Pakistan and it is more
helpful in our economy development.
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 24
M.umar



In the recent natural disasters (rain and flood) that occurred in the several cities in
Southern region, that demolished the absolute crop yield which around occupied
the 0.5 million acres of Land in different places of Sind. These disastrous resulting
the huge damage in Onion, potatoes and Chilies Crops and the other food and fiber
crops , This disastrous moments also resulted loss of Millions of death in cows,
buffalos and goats etc livestocks sectors. This huge loss occupied the heavy loss
in agriculture sector, but the thing is that how to cope up this situation, below have
given some suggestions through the government can overcome the burden of
recent challenge.
Re-map the strategic Plan to promote the agriculture sector.
Provide the interest free bearing loans to the farmers to re-build the
cultivated areas.
Make awareness programs to cope-up the challenges and un-certainties.
Make Strategic collation between Private landowners and government
agriculture sector concerns to reconcile the Agri-sector for the benefit of the
nation welfare.
Governments have to take the serious concentration towards the
development of agriculture sector. This sector comprising the backbone of
the economy.
Pakistan has enormous potential to significantly increase its agricultural
produce but the grown is being hindered by insufficient and outdated
POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 25
M.umar
farming and production techniques, ineffective use of land and water
resources, poor hygiene and low food standards.
However a lot can be achieved by improving productivity ,ensuring safety
and efficiency in food processing ,efficient livestocks management and
employing new post harvest technologies
Developing skills and capabilities of human resources and capacity
building of the academia to undertake research and development in the
agriculture sector is essential for the long term growth of the sector.
There are already few sophisticated agri-businesses involved in the dairy
and food-processing sector, which serve as an example of the enormous
potential in this sector.
Government has to take a proper utilization of food commodities
(Finished/Sami Finished) to reduce the wastages and maintaining its food
qualities for long time period.
Forestry side is not performing better due to the lankness of Interest from
government Side, so if government takes a keen interest to develop the
forestry sector then it will provide the sufficient value that will result the
increase in growth pattern.








POAE Ou AIPIXYATYPE IN HAKIETAN EXONOM+
Page | 26
M.umar




1) Arif, A. (2009). Sector Report on Agriculture Pakistan. Uk trade
and Investment.
2) Chebbi, E.H. (2010). Agriculture and economic growth in
Tunisia: (Vol. 2 no. 1), pp-63-78. Emerald Group Publishing
Limited.
3) Dethier, J. J., & Effenberger, A. (2011). Agriculture and
Development (A brief review of the literature). Research Support
Unit.
4) Gylfason, T. (July 2000). Resources, Agriculture, and Economic
Growth in Economies in Transition (vol. 313). Munich: cesifo
working paper series.
5) JosII, P. (2004). Agriculture Diversification in South Asia
Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications (Vols. 39, No. 24).
Economic and Political Weekly.
6) Mundlak, Y. (2005). Economic growth: Lesson from two Centries
of American Agriculture (Vol. 43. No 4). American Economic
Association
7) Zaidi, S. A. (1995). Issues in Pakistans Economy. Karachi, Sindh,
Pakistan: Naz Pblicators.
8) Book of Agricultural Economics (pg # 17 & 23 ) by Mrs. Farzana
Bukhari ( M.A. Economics)