(A4) XIAOMEI - Guangzhou BRT and New BRT in China - Ed

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012
Duan Xiaomei Karl Fjellstrom, ITDP ITDP-China, www.itdp-china.org, www.itdp.org Manila, 8 Nov 2012 ADB Transport Forum 2012
Guangzhou BRT and New BRT Ini7a7ves in China
Structure
Guangzhou BRT
Planning & design Infrastructure & operations Impacts
New BRT initiatives in China

Lanzhou BRT Yichang BRT others
Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design
Beijing BRT: In all corridors the large majority of bus demand is outside the BRT, making an overall time saving benefit for bus passengers unlikely. Corr. 2&3 demand ~2,000 pphpd in BRT
BRT in Hangzhou. Bus and mixed traffic congestion, including for most buses, outside the BRT
Structure
Guangzhou BRT

Asian BRT systems speed and demand comparison. Note that these figures refer to actual maximum passenger demand, not theoretical maximum capacity. All figures are from ITDP field surveys.
Guangzhou BRT Corridor: 23 km with 26 stations
BRT system with 31 routes
Before BRT, in the BRT corridor. Bus stop congestion bad for all modes
A typical scene at Gangding bus stop before the BRT implementation.
A typical scene at Gangding bus stop before the BRT implementation.
Tianhe Gongyuan before the BRT
Bus stop
Gangding BRT station 3 stopping areas or sub-stops
Selected BRT Station layouts

1-module configurations offset, at grade
1-module configurations offset, footbridge
2-module configurations facing, at grade crossing)
10
Shangshe BRT station in the morning peak. Highest demand stations include escalators
Tiyu Zhongxin BRT station, connecting to a north-south linear park and pedestrian network
11
New high density development lines the BRT corridor. Shipaiqiao station includes a metro connection and a connection into the adjoining shopping mall
3 substops, Gangding station.
12
3 substops, Tangxia station. Tangxia station has around 8,500 passenger boardings in a single hour during the morning peak. Station access is via a bridge with escalators, and a pedestrian crossing with refuge islands
Tangxia BRT station and urban village
13
Substops per BRT station planning to determine station sizes in 2007
Next-bus arrival information at each BRT station substop
14
Substop information inside Tiyu Zhongxin BRT station
BRT-watching on a Saturday night in Tangxia
15
Intersection design. Chebei BRT station was changed from 4-phase to 2-phase
Chebei intersection change from 4-phase (before BRT) to 2-phase (with BRT)
16
Dongpu BRT station. At-grade station access at both ends, combined with u-turn
17
Guangzhou BRT management structure

KGC (transit planning agency)
Mayor / City Government
Communications Commission
TSCAC (bus stop & terminal managt agency)
YCT (smart card company)
BRT operators (3 groups, 7 companies)
BRT management company
Bike sharing company
BRT Control Center
No. 3 Bus Company (station fare collection cash & card pay)
Clearing account
Station cleaning and maintenance company
1. Provides bus-km data which, after adjustment for complaints and compliance with stipulated operational frequencies, is the basis for proportional payment of revenues to operators 2. Pays into clearing account based on smart card usage data from stations and on buses 3. Fare box revenue (cash payment outside the BRT corridor) is paid into the clearing account by the individual operators. Boxes opened in presence of all operators and BRT management co.
BRT control centre
18
BRT operators are paid per bus-km, with the BRT regulator controlling bus frequency
Guangzhou BRT is the 1st in China with more than one bus operating company. 7 companies in 3 groups
19
Direct-service operations
Trunk & feeder operations
Trunk & feeder vs direct-service operations. The Guangzhou BRT does not require any transfer terminals, hubs, or interchanges
Quito transfer terminal
20
In Guangzhous direct-service BRT system, BRT buses can run outside the corridor. The graphic above shows the 31 BRT routes, with the main concentration along the 23km BRT corridor, but a total of 273km of roads covered
BRT bus operating off-corridor
21
22
Origins, with destination at Gangding BRT station, AM peak. The direct-service operational mode allows most of these trips to be met without requiring passengers to transfer between buses
23
AM o/d
Integration of BRT station bridge & building, with double-tier bike parking under the bridge.
24
! !
BRT-metro connection at Shipaiqiao station
BRT-metro connection at Shipaiqiao
25
BRT-metro-mall connection at Shipaiqiao
Current bike parking guided bike parking facili7es we provided along the BRT corridor
26
Around 40 loca1on have installed double 1er bike racks
Guangzhou BRT - bike sharing metro integration
27
Public bikes at Huajing Xincheng BRT station. The bike lane is paved with asphalt and separated by a line of trees
28
The BRT and bike sharing system is encouraging the development of new bike facilities
Bike sharing: 5,000 bikes at 113 stations. Contact: shanshan@itdp-china.org
29
At-grade access to Chebei BRT station
At-grade access at both ends of Dongpu BRT station
30
At-grade access to Dongpu BRT station
Gangding BRT station, after the BRT implementation
31
The Guangzhou BRT and integrated bike sharing system won the 2011 Sustainable Transport Award. It has been covered in the New York Times, featured in major reports and publications, exhibited by the Smithsonian in the lobby of the United Nations building in New York (in October-November 2011) and featured in a Smithsonian channel documentary and other media, featured on the front cover of the influential Urban Transport of China journal, and seen hundreds of visiting delegations from China and around the world.
Exhibition by Smithsonian in United Nations Headquarters Lobby in New York, October-November 2011
32
Tianhe Gongyuan before the BRT
33
Tianhe Gongyuan after the BRT implementation (Shangshe BRT station)
Tianfu Lu intersection before and after BRT
34
Good or very good Neutral Bad or very bad

Satisfaction Normal Dissatisfaction
66% 44% 40% 48% 39% 29% 16% 13% 21% 6% 28% 50%
65%
33%
2%
2007 2007
2008
2008
2009 Date
2009 Aug-10
2010 Dec-10
BRT BRT Before BRT After BRT
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Before BRT -10% Bus With BRT Before BRT With BRT
Agree/Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree/Strongly Disagree
Before BRT Bike
With BRT
Pedestrian
Before BRT : December 2009 With BRT: August 2010
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Before BRT: December,2009

80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% 60% 40%
24% up
After BRT: August,2010

80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Car Drivers
Bus Passengers
33% up
Agree/Strongly Agree
Neutral
Disagree/Strongly Disagree
80%
Neutral
Pedestrians
Cyclists
60%
40%
20% 0%
20%
Neutral
0%
Neutral
Bus Speed in Peak hour before and after BRT

22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Before BRT (average speed in 2009) Bus speed (km/h) 15
km/hour
After BRT (average speed from Oct,2010-Jan, 2011) 21
Saving 6.6mins for each passenger
Saving 88381 passenger- hours each day
Saving 32 million passenger-hours each year
36
Bus Passengers Self Reported Trip Costs (in RMB)

6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0
Cost for trip
Before BRT(Dec.2009) 4.9
After BRT(Aug.2010) 2.6
(non-BRT) vehicle volumes along the BRT corridor, before and after BRT
8000 Passenger car units per hour 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2009.11 2010.03 2010.09 2011.01 2551 2816 3967 3348 3229 4125 4233 4257 2692 6337 5627 6713
200+% Increase 31% Increase 32% Increase
200+% Increase
2912 5904 5403 7267
37
Vehicle speeds per hour, before and after BRT. Car speeds have significantly increased along the BRT corridor, along with volumes
Proposal for greening of Gangding BRT station
38
Adding new roof for footbridges
4 substops, Shida Jida station (has most bus routes and highest bus volumes)
39
Recently covered bridge & escalators at Shidajida; installation proceeding at other stations
Structure
Guangzhou BRT

40
Lanzhou
Western
China. Capital of Gansu
Province Population around 4 million ADB loan funded BRT project Under construction, will open next month
Lanzhou current bus ows
41
BRT Network Plan
Phase 1
12.5Km, 19 sta7ons
42
BRT Boarding and alighting and cross section demand
19000//
BRT demand and transfers
43
Lanzhou unique station design

Xi Zhan !
44
lanzhou
45
BRT under construction in Lanzhou
46
47
Segrated bike lanes along lanzhou BRT
48
49
Yichang
Central
China, site of Three Gorges Dam, second largest city in Hubei Province, after Wuhan Population around 4 million ADB loan funded BRT is currently in planning and design Will start construction late next year
23Km 38 stations 40-50m red line width for most of the corridor; half as wide in northern section
50
2011. Daily public transport demand around half million per day
58 routes and more than 700 buses in city
51
52
53
54
Boarding & Aligh7ng at stops per hour-AM peak
Total OD for BRT
Origins O inside O inside
Destinations trips/hour D inside D outside 12409 9807 6557 27702 56475
percentage 22% 17% 12% 49% 100%
O outside D inside O outside D outside ! !
55
BRT routes in the north corridor BRT
Demand north corridor
56
NMT Integration and intersection improvements in city center
57
58
Bike sharing stations integrated with BRT & covering city center
Lessons learned (1)
Guangzhou BRT, Lanzhou BRT, Yichang BRT: metrolevel capacity delivered by buses. This provides new mass transit options for rapidly growing cities. Many critical aspects to BRT project success:

stations (placement relative to
corridor selection, data collection & analysis, operational design, institutions & regulation, communications and outreach control centre & ITS
intersections, configuration, length, width, spacing, and architecture), fare collection, vehicles, traffic engineering & management, intersection design & signal phases, modal integration (metro, bicycle, pedestrians), ancillary measures such as parking & urban design.
59
Lessons learned (2)
The first BRT corridor should serve high demand, congested locations, including the city centre. The infrastructure has to be correctly planned and designed together with an operational plan that meets passenger demand BRT stations should be designed to meet passenger demand levels and accommodate growth
There are many advantages to having multiple BRT operators Intermodal integration is often neglected during BRT planning, to the detriment of the BRT systems involved A successful BRT corridor should be a beautiful urban corridor
More information and photos www.chinabrt.org www.publicbike.net www.itdp-china.org www.transportphoto.net
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(A4) XIAOMEI - Guangzhou BRT and New BRT in China - Ed

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ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT and New BRT Ini7a7ves in China

New BRT initiatives in China

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

New BRT initiatives in China

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Corridor: 23 km with 26 stations

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

BRT system with 31 routes

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

A typical scene at Gangding bus stop before the BRT implementation.

A typical scene at Gangding bus stop before the BRT implementation.

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Tianhe Gongyuan before the BRT

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Gangding BRT station 3 stopping areas or sub-stops

Selected BRT Station layouts

1-module configurations offset, footbridge

2-module configurations facing, at grade crossing)

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

3 substops, Gangding station.

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Tangxia BRT station and urban village

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Substops per BRT station planning to determine station sizes in 2007

Next-bus arrival information at each BRT station substop

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Substop information inside Tiyu Zhongxin BRT station

BRT-watching on a Saturday night in Tangxia

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT Planning and Design

ITDP-China; UNDP delegation, 9-10 July 2012

Guangzhou BRT management structure

Mayor / City Government

TSCAC (bus stop & terminal managt agency)

YCT (smart card company)

BRT operators (3 groups, 7 companies)

BRT management company

Bike sharing company

BRT Control Center

Station cleaning and maintenance company

Good or very good Neutral Bad or very bad

BRT BRT Before BRT After BRT

Before BRT : December 2009 With BRT: August 2010

Saving 6.6mins for each passenger

Saving 88381 passenger- hours each day

Saving 32 million passenger-hours each year