1

2

3

wemwgj vwni ivn& gvwbi ivwng
+| < +| |<<+ -<
#||++ +|+

t-|t

GLb Avgiv mevB GKgZ h Avgv`i mgvRi h Ae v ZvK KvbvfveB my
Ae v ejv Pj bv| c wZw`bi cwKvq h cwigvY wbh vZb, jy b, Pvu `vevwR, alY,
gv vwb, `y b xwZ, c ZviYv, Kjvix BZvw`i Lei cKvwkZ nq Zv Avgv`i mgvRi
gvivZK AatcZbi wP Zzj aivi Rb h_| hw`Iev wewfb ew Gme NUbvi
mv_ RwoZ, Z_vwc Gjv aygv ewMZ chvqi wKQy wewQb NUbvgv bq| Gjv
GLb evcKZi cwimi NUgvb `bw`b NUbv- ZvB GjvK Avgiv mvgvwRK mgmv
wnmeB wPwZ Kie|

GgZe vq hviv mgvR cwieZ b KiZ Pvb Zv`iK c_g mgvR ejZ eve wK
evSvq m mK mvgwM K aviYvq DcbxZ nZ ne| GRb Avgv`iK mgvR I Gi
Dcv`vbjv mK Mfxi, AvjvwKZ I evLv-wek lY hZ ne|

AMfxi wKsev `y ev a AvjvPbv Avgv`iK ev e mgmv gvKvejvq KvbvfveB
mvnvh Kie bv| Avgiv hw` ay gv c wZwqvmvi, ZvrwYK I Y vqx mgvavbi
j wP v I evLv-wek lY Kwi Ges Zvi wfwZ KvR Kwi Zvnj Zv kl ch
e_ Zvq chewmZ ne Ges mgmvjvK Aviv RwUj Ki Zz je|

Dci Avgiv hviv mgvR I iv BmjvwgK ee v wdwiq wbq AvmZ PvB Zv`iK
mgvR cwieZ bi BmjvwgK cwZ mK I mvgwM K I ^ Q aviYv jvf KiZ ne
hvZ Avgiv KvwLZ cwieZbi avivq mgvRK cwiPvwjZ KiZ cvwi|

+| |+t

cwgv mfZv Rxebi me welqK nvjKvfve `L ZvB mgvR mK cwgv
c~uwRev`x `wfwI AMfxi nIqvB ^vfvweK| Zviv mgvRK ay gv wKQy ewgvby li
mgw ejB gb Ki| D`vniY ^ic ejv hvq gvM viU _vPvi GKevi GK iZ c~ Y
e Zvq ejwQjb, mgvR nQ c K Zc wKQy ew I cwievii mgw gv|


4

gymwjg Dvn&i AatcZbi GB `xN mgqKvj AbK mr msviK I AbK mvnmx
Av`vjbi Avwefve NUQ| Zviv Av wiKfveB Dvn& i GB Lvivc Ae v
cwieZbi Pv KiQb ev KiQb| wK `yf vMRbKfve Zv`i ga AbKB
mgvR mK cwgv ` wfw viv AbKvskB cfvweZ nqQb- A_vr ZvivI gb
KiQb mgvR njv Avmj AbKjv ew| ZvB Zvu iv Pv KiQb ewK fvj
gymjgvb cwiYZ KiZ; ZvK fvj Av`e Kvq`v, agx q ixwZ bxwZ kLvZ Ges wP v
KiQb h AbKjv ew hLb fvj nq hve ZLb mgvR wVK nq hve| hw`I
Zv`i Av wiK Pvi dj AbK gvby l m me Av`vjb I Kg m~ PxZ A f ~
nqQb wK `ytLRbK mZ njv mgvRi eve Aev A_vr mgvR we`gvb Aciva,
`y bx wZ, m vm, wbivcvnxbZv, wek sLjv, bivR BZvw`i Zv KvbI cwieZ bB nqwb
eis Gjv w`b w`b eoB PjQ|

+| -1+ |<+< |< <t

Avgiv hw` mgvRi mvgwM K I MfxiZi wek lY cZ PvB Zvnj eve gvbyl ejZ
wK evSvq Zv wbq i KiZ ne| Avgiv gvby li c wZ j Kij `Le h c ZK
gvby li gaB wKQy RweK Pvwn`v I c e w AvQ| hgb, ZvK Lv` M nY I cvbxq
cvb KiZ nq (RweK Pvwn`v); Zvi ga AwaKZi m` I A_ DcvR b Kivi I Zv
w`q Rxebgvb Db Z Kivi AvKvsLv AvQ; Zvi ^ fveMZ ceYZv nQ eix cwiek
wbRK iv Kiv Ges eu P _vKv (wUK _vKvi cew)| GQvovI wecixZ wji cwZ
Zvi ^ vfvweK AvKl Y AvQ Ges m msmvi KiZ Pvq (Rbb c e w)| bvix-cy il,
hyeK-e , gy mjgvb- Agy mjgvb mevi RbB Gjv Ab^ xKvh ev eZv|

RweK Pvwn`v I c e wjv c~ iYi c qvRb I ZvobvB gvby lK cviwiK mK I
wqv-cwZwqvi ga wbq Avm| gvbyl GKv wewQb fve Gme Pvwn`v I cew c~iY
KiZ cvi bv| ZvB gvby l GKUv mgvRi ga _vK hvZ Ki Zviv cviwiK
evSvcov I mgSvZvi wfwZ Gme Pvwn`v c~ iY KiZ cvi|

gvby l hLb ciii mv_ wqv Ki ev mK vcb Ki ZLb evKx c vYxRMZi
Zzjbvq m gwjKfve wfb| gvbyli wP v Kivi GK Abb gZv AvQ hvi mvnvh
m wewfb aviYvq (Concept) DcbxZ nZ cvi hjv Zvi RweK Pvwn`v I
c e wjv c~ iYi Dcvq ev cwZ wVK Ki `q| A_ vr GB aviYv ev wek vmjv Zvi
Pvwn`v I cewjvK wKQy ksLjv I wbqgi Aaxb wbq Avm|

ZvB gvby l hLb Kv_vI `je nq mgvR cwZv Ki ZLb Zvi wfw wnmve KvR
Ki Ggb wKQy aviYv, wek vm I AveM-Aby f~wZ hv Zv`i mevi ga we`gvb| mB
5

mv_ Zviv wKQy wbw` cwZZ Zv`i Pvwn`v I c e wjv c~ iYi cviwiK
mgSvZvq DcbxZ nq hv Zv`i wek vmi mv_ mwZc~ Y A_ev wek vm _K
DrmvwiZ| Zvici Zviv GKwU KZ c c wZv Ki hv eve Gme wbqg-cwZ
c qvM I iv Kivi Rb h_vh_ ee v M nY Ki| GB KZ cwUB iv ev miKvi|

AZGe mgvR wbgv Dcv`vbjvi mg^ q MwVZ t
1. ew
2. eweMi (RbmvaviYi) ga cPwjZ ev jvwjZ mvaviY (Common) avb-
avibv ev wek vm
3. RbMYi mvaviY(Common) wek vm c m~ Z AveM-Aby f~ wZ
4. Zv`i cviwiK mKi wbqg cwZ Ges Zv evevqb I iv Kivi Rb
h_vh_ KZ c(iv /miKvi/mvgvwRK bZ Z BZvw`)|

mgvR ew`i ga cPwjZ mvaviY (Common) wekvmjvB mvgvwRK wPv I
Aby f~ wZ wnme c Kvk cvq, hv Rxebi c wZ ewi AvPiY Ges wewfb gvbyli
gaKvi cviwiK mKK KZjv wbw` wbqgi ga wbq Avm| GB wPv I
wekvmjv Zv`i KvRi gvb` wVK Ki Ges mgvR eevi mv_ Zv`i
mKKI web Ki| D`vniY ^ic ejv hvq, Avgiv wKfve Aw Z Gjvg?
Avgv`i Aw Z i Dk wK? Avgv`i g Zz i ci wK NUe? BZvw` gwjK c k i
Reve hLb ejv nq Avj vn& myenvbvZvqvjv Avgv`iK m w KiQb, Avgv`i
Rxebi Dk nQ Avj vn& i Bev`Z Kiv Avi g Zy i ci Avgv`i Rb Acv KiQ
wePvi w`em Avi RvbvZ A_ev Rvnvbvg Ges RbMY hLb wP v-fvebv Ki eySb GB
welqjv evcKfve wek vm KiZ i Ki ZLb Zv Zv`i Rxebi Kvh vejxi
GKwU wekl aibi me RbM vn gvb`i Rb `q| m RbMY gnvb m v
Avj vn& I Zvu i ivmy j (mvt) Gi Av`k I wblaKB Zv`i KvRi gvcKvwV wnme
M nb Ki| Kbbv ivmy j (mvt) ejQb,

Zvgv`i KDB (mwZKvifve) wek vm Ki bv, hZY bv Avwg hv wbq GmwQ m
Abymvi Zvi ceYZv Zix nq|

Ges Avj vn& myenvbvZvqvjv cwe Kz iAvb ejb,



(|+<|) | | < +|v + |+|-< < |-#, <|a+ +<|< + | | '< t|#+
<| <+: |+<| +| <# #<|-++|<| [m~ iv evKviv:138]
6


mgvRi Kvb eo wKsev c fvekvjx RbMvx h mvaviY (Common) wP v
fvebvjv aviY Ki, evcKZi cwimi mjv vivB MvUv mgvRi mvaviY
Aby f~ wZjv Zix nq| GKwU BmjvwgK mgvRi cQ`- AcQ`, Gi jvKvPvi I
Aby ivM-Abyf~ wZ Kz iAvb I my b vni iO iwZ ne| Gme mvaviY wPv I
Abyf~wZjvB mvaviYZ RbgZ wnme cwiwPZ |

RbMYi cviwiK wqv-c wZwqvi GB eb I wbq K mg~ ni ga GKwU iZ c~Y
Dcv`vb nj miKvi, hvK AekB RbMYi KvQ MnYhvM nZ ne| miKvi mivmwi
RbgZK bZz bfve Qvu P w`Z cvi, iv i wfZi RbMYi Kvh vejx Ges Abvb
ivi mv_ BmjvwgK ivi mKK wbq Y ev c fvweZ KiZ cvi| mivmwi AvBb
c qvMi gvag Ges Abvbfve, hgb wekl Kvb gZev`i cPvi I wgwWqvK
wbq Yi ga w`q G KvRjv nq _vK| mgvR c fvekvjx RbMvx I c wZvbi
(hgb miKvii) f~ wgKv wK nIqv DwPZ Zv GKwU weLvZ nvw`m weeZ nqQ,
hLvb ivm~ j (mt) ejQb,

<|<| | | < + + +- t +|-< | + <|<| | (| | '< + +)-+
|--< < |< <| - +<, (=<| <<#) <- +|-< ++ <|<| =+# ||
|<| +< +|-< =+| ||< <<< +|-< |<| +< |-<v =<
-i<| =< -|t< |--< |<| +< -< <- |-t< |+-< ||| |-<
+<|< <|- < +- +|-<+ ||< <<< < |+-< |+=+ +<
<+ < (+|#) +|<| (|-t< < |+<|) |--< +<i <|+ +< |-,
'|+<| <|- ||< -|t< |-+ =+| | +< |-# +| ||< <<<
< |+-< +|- +i| +<< -|' =- <|- <<< < |<+|<|<| |-t<
<+'=< |+-<+ = +| +<+ -< +< |-|++|<# +|<| <|# < | <
<i +|<| (<<< < |+) <|- +|-< (-|t< |+-<)+ = +| +
|<<+ <|, (+<) +|<| (<<< < |+) <| |< =< =|< (||<)
<|# <| |< "(<|<| )

my Zivs mgvR ee vi GKwU Dk nQ, mgvRK Ggb me wbw` Kvh vejx _K
weiZ ivLv, hv NUj Zv ne cyiv RvwZi Rb wZKi| G aiYi Kvhvejxi ga
g`cvb, evwfPvi, Pz wi, ag ZvM DjLhvM| Gme AcivaxK kvw `qv
ay gv ewK cwi Kivi RbB h c qvRb Zv bq eis MvUv RvwZ I mgvRK
wUwKq ivLvi RbI G ee v AZvekK| nqiZ Imgvb Beb Avd&dvb(ivt) Gi
DwZI ejv nqQ, hviv Ky iAvbi wkv viv weiZ nq bv, Avj vn& Zv`iK
myjZvbi gZv w`q weiZ Kib|

7


hnZz ew, RbMYi mvaviY (Common) wP v-Aby f~ wZ-AveM, Zv`i cviwiK
mKi wbqg cwZ Ges Zv evevqb I iv Kivi Rb h_vh_ KZ c BZvw`i
mg^ q mgvR MwVZ nq, mnZz Kvb mgvRi ekxifvM jvK gymjgvb njI h
wP vfvebv Zviv wbR`i fZi jvjb Ki mjv hw` cy u wRev`x Z_v fvMev`x I
^ QvPvix nq; h Aby f~ wZ Zviv enb Ki Zv hw` nq msKxY `kZvw K ev eY /fvlv
wfwK RvZxqZvev`x A_ev h iv I miKvi ee v Zv`i mK jvK wbqY Ki
Zv hw` nq cy u wRev`x-Z_v Avj vn& i e`j gvby li mve fgZ wfwK Ze m mgvRK
BmjvwgK mgvR ejv hve bv|

+| |<<+-< #||++ +|+

ivm~ j (mvt) h mgvR GmQb Zv cwieZ b KiQb| Zvu i RxekvZB wnRvRi
AwaKvsk GjvKv Ges Zvi cvki GjvKvmg~ n RvnwjqvZ (AKvi hy M) _K Bmjvg
cZveZb KiwQj| Zu vi mgq h mgvR c wZwZ nqwQj Zv nQ Ab me mgvRi
Rb AbyKiYxq `v| nqiZ gynv` (mvt) mgvR cwieZ bi Rb h c_ M nY
KiwQjb e Zc mUv Avgv`i mgvR cwieZ bi RbI GKgv Aby KiYxq c_|
Avj vn& my envbvZvqvjv ejb,



<t =|# |+|< , ||+ |- |+|< < |-+ <||+ =< |+|+ <|<|
-< +< +|<|<" [m~ iv BDmy d:108]



| | +|- ||+< <" | |<<+ - +<- -|, <+ -| +|<| |--< +<
<| |v +| |<<+ - +<" [m~iv Avi- ivAv`:11]

KziAvbi GB AvqvZjvi mv_ mv_ Avgv`iK ivm~j(mvt) Gi Rxebi w`KI (hv
cy ivcy wi Avj vn&my envbvZvqvjv KZ K bvwhjK Z Inx viv wbqw Z nqwQj) ` wcvZ
KiZ newZwb wbR wKfve G KvR ( Avj vn&i GB Kz g cvjb) evc Z nqwQjb
Ges wZwb h mgvR GmwQjb m mgvRi fZi wK wK welq cwieZbi Rb KvR
KiwQjb|

Avgiv ivm~ j(mvt)Gi mxivZ Ges Kz iAvbi AbK AvqvZ _K cvB h, mgvR
8

cwieZbi Rb mgvRi mejv Dcv`vbi c wZB gbvhvM `Iqv nqwQj| gvq
bvwhjKZ AvqvZjv ZKweZK I cPzi hyw aviY Ki hv mgvRi fZi weivRgvb
wP v, Aby f~ wZ Avi kvmb ee vi wecixZ AvjvPbv I c k i So eBq w`qwQj|

<<+ +|-|- (|t) <i|-<+ |<<+ -< -i +|-< +|v
#|+ |-< |<|v-

GUv ejvi Acv ivL bv h, ivm~ j (mvt) wewfb ewi wbKU Bmjvg wbq
wMqwQjb| AbKi mv_B ivm~ j (mvt) Gi ewMZfve hvMvhvM wQj, Zv`i
KD Bmjvg M nY KiQ Avevi KD eR b KiQ| c_g Zvui (mvt) x wewe Lvw`Rv
(ivt) I Zvici cvwjZcy hvq`(ivt) I PvPvZv fvB AvU ermii evjK Avjx (ivt)
Bmjvg Mnb Kib| gvi abxMixe, evjKe , bvixcy il, m v eskxqxZ`vm
wbwekl mKji KvQ wZwb (mvt) Bmjvgi gnvb evYx Zzj aib| AZtci hviv
Bmjvg M nb KiwQjb wZwb (mvt) Zvu `iK AZ hZ mnKvi Bmjvgi mg
ixwZbxwZ wkv `b Ges fwelZ KwVb mgqi Rb Cgvb I vbMZfve cZ
Kib| wewk mvnvex AviKvg (ivt) evoxwU ZLb bZz b gy mjgvb`i xb wkvi K`
wnme eeZ nZv|

<| (|t) |+||+ |t| < -|+ |<<+ -< |+
+-|<| --

Gme ewMZ `vIqvZ QvovI Kz iAvb I my b vn& ZrKvjxb gx mgvR c vavb
we viKvix wP v I Aby f~ wZjvi cwieZbi cwZ wb`k Ki| hgb

gnvbex (mvt)Gi mgq AbK cwjK A^ xKvi Kiwb h Zv`iK
Avj vn& my envbvZvqvjv Zix KiQb| Zviv gy wZ c~ RvK Avj vn& I Zv`i ga
mK i GKwU Dcvq ej gb KiZ| Kz ivBk`i ga GKwU c ej wP v wQj h
Avj vn& my envbvZvqvjv AvQb Ges Zu vi Kbv m vb AvQ, hv`i c ksmv cvIqvi bvh
AwaKviI AvQ (bvDhywej vn)| GB aviYvwU wbi AvqvZjvZ AvjvwPZ nqQt



+|+ <|- +|-< | +<, |+| < |<| + |f +<v: +|<| <i# <<,
| | <, + |# | | < |+ +|-< |<+|# |- -|"
[m~ iv jy K gvb& t 25]
9






| +<, -|++ < ++< |-++| +: <t | | <t +< |+
+|+<| | | <i+|+ =+- ||<+ |" < +<v, <|<| |--< | +-<< +||+
-<: <t + < t ||- |+ +|- <: <| +||< |+ ++|< ||< +|- <:
+< |+ +|<| | | < -i =+- |-|< |" < +<v <, <|<| |+v |f +<v, <+-
|f +<v- | |: +t< +|-< |f =< |<=|| |<v : <t | | #
+i+ <" < f| =< |+|- =++, <|=+||" [m~iv Avi- ivAv`t 16]




|-| #<|-+ < | | <# -i <|<| | | <i+|+ <+ <|i<
+<v =< < <, |+<| +|-< #<|-+ =-i +|< <- +|<| |+|-< | | <
|-+<+ | +< -< |-+< | | <|| +< |-<- < |<<< +|<| |<<|< +<
| | |+i|<|-| +|<+ |<t||+ +<- -| " [ m~ iv Avh& hy gvit 3]

*

+|<| |+ |-| ||-# |f <v -| +|<| |-<|# f|: -| +|<| |+| < |<|
|f +<v: << +|<| +|- |+v -1+# |-|++ -<" [m~iv Z~it 35-36]

Ab GKwU aviYv ZLb AbKKi gvSB c PwjZ wQj (GLbI AbKi gvS cPwjZ)
hv Avmj eev`i g~j gZev`| Avj vn& my envbvZvqvjv Z`i ` wfwK msw Ki
Dc vcb KiQb Ges wbvfve Zvi c z i KiQb,



+|<| < |+|-< || < |<-#+| < ||+ +|< < <| |t, +|+|#
|+|-<+ < +< +|-< +|v = <i||< +|- |- -# +|<|
+< - +|- +< +| <" [ m~iv Avj - R vwQqvn& t 24]

10

Gjv wQj LyeB ey w` ZK -weZK hv Kz ivBk`i v aviYvjvK Lb Kivi Rb
Dc vcb Kiv nqwQj| G hy wjv KZUv Mfxi Ges c vmwK wQj Zv mwVKfve
g~ jvqb Kivi Rb GKRbK AekB ZrKvjxb gvi m~ Y ag xq g~ jevajv
eySZ ne| gvq emevmKvix hKvb gy kwiK (eZ ev`x) A_ev gy mwjg Dciv
wee wZjvi cy iv mZUvK Dcjw KiZ bv cvijI Gi fZiKvi g~ j mZ
Dcv`vbUvK A Z wPbZ cviZ|

gvi AwfRvZ mc `vq Ly eB abx wQj Ges eemv evwYR Zv`i wQj GK aiYi
weeKewR Z AvwacZ| Zviv Kvdjv eenvi Ki Avg`vbx-ivbx evwYR KiZ| Gme
evwYR Kvdjv kxZ gmy g Bqgb Ges Mx gmyg wmwiqvq gY KiZ| IKvR
gjvi gZ Zv`i KZjv gmywg gjv nZ hv AbywZ nZ nRi gmyg| Zv`i
eemvi GK weivU Ask nvRx`iK cZviYvi cwZ Kw`f~Z wQj| GwU nqZ mevB
KiZ bv, wK GwU wQj Ggb GKwU PP v hv mgvR mvaviYfve gb wbqwQj|

Avj vn& my envbvZvqvjv mivmwi c ZviYvi G Kg wU Ges c ZviK`iK wb` k Ki Lye
Zx evYx bvwhj Kijb hv gvi bvMwiK`i gb, hviv g~ jZt G NUbvwUK NUZ
w`wQj, Zv`i gb evcK ck I vai Rb w`qwQj|

* *

<|<| +| ++ -< +|-< -i - | <|<| |+-< +|v + <- -< +-
+||< -< =< <- |+-<+ + -< |+<| <- +< -<, +- ++ +<
-< [m~iv Avj& gyZvdw&ddxbt 1-3]

GB mgvjvPbvjvi ga Ggb wKQy cLi eyw`xZv wQj hvi gvag ZrKvjxb gx
mgvRi mvaviY RbMY Kvb NUbv, c _v ev wP vK wb` k Ki Gme AvqvZ bvwhj
nqQ Zv mnRB ey S djZ|

KzivBk`i AvwfRvZev`x Av_-mvgvwRK `k b m~ iv Avj-gvDb KVvifve Awfhy
nqwQj,

* * *

||- |+ +|+ -v- < |<t|< |-<+ " |+|< +<: v # <i| <
=|+++ | <|| -< =< |++|-+ - |-+ <||+ +< -|
[m~iv- gvDb:1-3]
11

Avj-Iqvwnw` Avmeve Avjbyhyj AvjKziAvbG Dj L Kib h GB m~ ivwU Avey
my wdqvbK mK hy Ki bvwhj nqwQj| GKevi m GKwU eo Aby vbi AvqvRb
KiwQj hvi Rb `yBwU fov RevB Kiv nqwQj| GK GwZg Zvi evwoZ Gm Lvevi
PqwQj| Avey mywdqvb GB GwZgi Abvn~Z cek fxlYfve z nj Ges GwZg
evjKwUK MvjvMvwj Kij Ges GKwU jvwV w`q GwZgi gv_vq AvNvZ Kij| m~iv
AvZ-ZvKvQy i I m~ iv gvRvn& ZI GB AwfRvZZvw K g~ jevajv mgvjvwPZ
nqQ,

* * *

|t << |+<||+| +|+|-<+ +||v- +< <| <+ -| +|+<| +<<
+- +< =| +-| <|t+ -< +|+<| | # |-+ |<<
[m~ iv AvZ& -ZvKvmy i:1-3]

* *

- | +|< -i < +|+ < -| |+< |--| +< < +| +< < <|<
<|< -| +< +- +<, +|< +|+ +< +< <|<
[m~ iv Avj& gvhvn& t 1-3]

ZvQvov GB `y wU AvqvZi gvag e ev` Ges ciwb`vKI AvNvZ Kiv nqQ|
Dciv wZbwU AvqvZB gx hyMi iZB bvwhj nqwQj|

Kz ivBk`i ZrKvjxb Av_ -mvgvwRK g~ jeva _K Rb bqv GK fqi c_v wQj
wknZv| `vwi` A_ev jvKjvi fq Kz ivBkiv Zv`i wkKbv`iK Rxe Kei
w`Z| Avi GB Kg Ges GK cfvweZ Kivi cQbi cy iv wP vi kLjK KziAvb
AvNvZ Kiv nqQ,
*


<- +|-< +|<+ +-i| |-< <|- -<| <, +- +|< + +|| < <|< =<
i +-"| |+f + |+ +|+ |-|-| - t<|-< - t |+-< +|v
+ + |+< <| |<, +|- i +< +|+ (+-i| |-) < t |++
-<, -| +||< -|t + < (- <|) +|-< <|| <# |-+f" [m~iv
Avb& - bvnjt 58-59]

12




-||<- < < +|+|-< |--<+ +i| +<| -| +|-<+ =< +|+|-<+
||+# |<-|+< |-< ||+" [m~iv Avj- Bmivt 31]

*

<- |< ||+ +-i|+ <+ | +<| <, +| <|< +|+ +i| +<| :
" [m~ iv AvZ& - ZvK& exit 8-9]

GwU gykwiK`i Ab AviKwU eenvi ev cPwjZ wPvi w`KI Avgv`i `wK wbe
Ki Avi Zv nj gq`i evcvi Zv`i `wfw| Avj vn& myenvbvZvqvjv Kz ivBkiv
h fve gq`i mv_ AvPiY KiZ Avi Aci w`K Zviv hfve Zv`i ag xq
c e wK m KiZ G `y qi gvS weivaK Zz j aiQb,



+|<| | | < -i +-i| |- |-< |< +<- |+|- |<, +|+||+ =< |--<
-i <<| +|# |-< |< +< <| <<| t|< ( ) " [m~ iv Avb& - bvnj t 57 ]

* *
*

+|+<| |+ < -v |+ < <<<| -1+ =< + +|< |<+|~+|-|+ -1+ :
|- |+ +|+|-< -i =< +-i| |- | | < -i : =++|<" |< =|+| <#
+ <-" [m~ iv Avb-bRgt 19-22]



+| < |+ < +| +-i| |- |v |< +|+|-< |- :"
[m~iv AvZ& Z~it 39]|

Gfve Dciv AvqvZjvi gvag ZrKvjxb Rvnj mgvR c PwjZ c fvekvjx wP v,
13

wek vm,AveM I Aby f~ wZjvK AvNvZ Ki mjvK cwieZbi Pv Pvjvbv
nqQ|

<| (|t) ++||- +|< |- <i<"|
|<<+-< <-i| --

c~ e B DjL Kiv nqQ h mgvRi mvgwM K kvmb ee vI mgvRi GKwU Dcv`vb|
nhiZ gynv`(mvt) Gi mgq kvmb gZv wQj KzivBk`i DjLhvM ew`i nvZ;
Zviv wQj wKQy wbw` iZ c~Y ew hviv gvi mvaviY gvbyli Kvhvejx wbqYi
evcK f~ wgKv I c fve ivLZ |

ivm~ j (mvt)Gi AbK nv`xm Ges Kz iAvbi AbK AvqvZ c Z Ges civfve
Gmg ew`i mK Dj L iqQ| Gme ew`i ga KD KD mivmwi gvi
wePvi I kvmb wbqY KiZ| Avyj vn Beb Igi(ivt) Gi DwZ GKwU nv`xm ewY Z
nqQ, hLvb wZwb ejb, GKw`b ivm~j (mvt) hLb wmR`viZ wQjb, wKQy msLK
Kz ivBk Ly e ekx `~ i wQj bv, ZLb IKev Beb Avey gvqvR GKwU QvMji bvwofyu wo
wbq Gm Zvui (mvt) wcV wbc Kij| dvwZgv (ivt), Zvui (mvt) Kbv, ewiq Gm
GB Acwivi c`v_ jv mwiq ivMvw^ Zfve `y K wZKvix`i Awfkvc Kijb Ges
c v_ bv Kijb Avj vn& hb Zv`i kvw `b| ZLb ivm~ j (mvt) gv_v Zz jjb, wmR`v
kl Kijb Ges Ly e kv fve c v_ bv Kijb, n Avj vn& , Kz ivBk`i Dj LhvM
ew, Avey Rnj Beb nvwkg, DZev Beb ivexqv, mvqevb Beb ivexqv, DgvBqv
Beb Ljd Ges DevB Beb Ljd Gi mv_ wb` q eenvi Ki|( ey Lvix)

Dciv `vqvq mevi kl hvi bvg Dj L Kiv nqQ, mB DevB Beb LjdK
wb` k Ki m~iv Bqvmxbi GKwU Ask bvwhj nqwQj| Beb BmnvKi eYbvgZ
DevB ivm~ ji (mvt) KvQ GKwU cy ivbv nvu oi Uz Kiv wbq Gj, GK f Uz Kiv
Uz Kiv Kij, Ges ejj, gy nv`, Zz wg wK `vex Ki h GwU m~ Y qc v nq hvIqvi
ciI Avj vn& GK Rxeb `vb KiZ cvib? Gici m Zvi nvZ GK wcl Gi fvv
UzKiv I ayjvivwk ivm~ji (mvt) gyLi w`K dyuK w`j| bexwR (mvt) ZLb Di
Kijb, nvu, Avwg AekB ewj h, Avj vn& GK cy biwZ Kieb Ges ZvgvKI,
Zz wg Gi gZ (fvv Uz Kiv I ayjvivwk) nq hvIqvi ciI| Gici Avj vn& ZvgvK
Rvnvb vg wbc Kieb| Gici m~ iv Bqvmxbi AvqvZjv bvwhj nj,

14

*
* *


+=< +|-< +| <- +|+|+ - t|+ -| +< ||+ ||- <| +|<| |- +<
=< <| +|i +< +|- < |+ - -| < ||+ +|+ |f +<|v <|< +
+t< < +|i <|+ |<++|+|<| |+|< -1+ =+ + +| < -|
+<, t |-< |f <|< <, + ||<+ +<< |" + + <-
| t <|<: <t |<|- +<|< |+ |f +<v-, |+|-# ||<+
+<<- |+|- < +|< |f -1+ +i+ <+ " [ m~ ivBqvmxbt 7679]|

hw`I DevBi bvg evwnKfve Dj wLZ nqwb, Zey gx mgvR (gy mjgvb Ges
Agy mjgvb mevB) Ly e fvjfveB RvbZ GB AvqvZjv DevB Ges H wbw` NUbvK
wb` k Ki bvwhj nqQ|

Kz iAvb c Pz i AvqvZ iqQ hLvb KzivBk bZv`i bvg Dj L Qvov Zv`iK wb` k
Kiv nqQ| hvB nvK, hme NUbvK K` Ki Zv`iK wb` k Kiv nZ mjv
ZrKvjxb mgvR ej AvjvwPZ welq cwiYZ nq hZ| Gfve gx mgvRi
gZvmxb GwjU (AwfRvZ) kYxi AcivaAcwPvi cwZ wb`k Ki cejfve
mvaviY gvbyli gbvhvM AvKlY Kiv nqQ|

eyLvixZ msKwjZ nqQ, Beb Avevm eY bv Kib h hLb =< +|+|<
|-+|+,|<-<+ ++ +<"(Avj-KziAvb: 26t214) bvwhj nj, ivm~j (mvt) mvdv
cvnvo DVjb Ges mRvi NvlYv Kijb,I ewb wdni, I ewb Avw` mevBK Ro
Ki wZwb (mvt) ej&jb, ej, Avwg hw` Zvgv`iK ewj h wKQy Ak vivnx evwnbx
GB DcZKvq Zvgv`iK AvgY KiZ AvmQ, Zvgiv wK AvgvK wek vm Kie?
Zviv ejj, nvu , Avgiv Zvgvi KvQ _K mZev`xZv Qvov Avi wKQy B c Z Kwiwb|
ZLb wZwb (mvt) ejjb,Avwg GK KVvi kvw i evcvi Zvgv`i c wZ mZK Kvix|
Avey jvnve (h mLvb DcwZ wQj) ivMvw^Zfve wPrKvi Ki ejj, ZvevjK
(< nI) Zzwg wK GRbB Avgv`i Rov KiQ? Gici Avey jvnve I Zvi x
Kz iAvb KVvifve wbw`Z nqQ,

* * *
*

15

|< ||<< "< < |+ =< < |+ |- +|- +|
||- +|< <- -1- =< <| <| - +<v + <# < +<< ||-
|+ =< +|< " |<~< #+- <- +<, +|< - << <| |-< "
[m~iv- jvnvet 15]

GwU wQj gx hyM bvwhjKZ l m~iv |

Gfve ZrKvjxb bZ Z I kvmb ee vi ^ ic DbvPb Ki RbMYi Dci Zv`i `y
c fve I KZ ZK Le Ki `qv nqwQj|
<++|- < +| |<<+-< -i #||++ +|+< <|

Avgv`i Pvicvki GB Rvnj mgvR cwieZbi Rb Avgv`iK ivm~j(mvt) Gi
Rxebv`k Aby miY KiZ ne| Kz di, `y bx wZM mgvR cwieZ bi Rb wZwb h KqwU
chvq AwZg KiQb Avgv`iKI mB chvqjv AwZg KiZ ne| mRb
Avgv`i AekKiYxq nQ

1. ewi ga cwieZb NwUq BmjvwgK ewZ Zix Kiv hvi Rxebi me KvRi
GKgv Dk ne Avj vn& i m w mvb Kiv| Avi Gi gvb nQ me KvR
nvjvj nvivg gvcKvwV gb Pjv; mB mv_ wbRK Aviv we Kivi Rb Ges
kqZvbi c ivPbv _K evu Pvi Rb gvMZ Avj vn&i iY (wRwKi)-G iZ _vKv,
ekx ekx Bev`Z e`Mx Kiv Ges Avj vn& i KvQ gvMdivZ Kvgbv Kiv| Gic
ewiv Avjvn& i mv_ mK, ivm~ j (mvt) Gi c wZ fvjevmv, vb, `Zv I
mZZvq Ggb fve Mo DVeb hb Zviv Rvnj mgvR cwieZ bi msMvg
wbR`iK cwic~Yfve DrmM KiZ cvib| Avj vn& i c_ Rxeb DrmM Kvix
gvby liv my k Lj fve GKwU `ji Aaxb KvR Kieb Ges h_vh_ j I
cwiKbvK mvgb iL Kz iAvb my b vn wb` wkZ cwZ Aby hvqx mgvR
cwieZbi msMvg kvwgj neb|

2. mgvR c PwjZ `y wP v, PZbv I AveM Aby f~ wZjvK cwieZ b Kivi Rb
c Pv Pvjvbv| GRb mgvR evcKfve cPwjZ wP vjv mK Avgv`i
mgK aviYv _vKv c qvRb| eZ gvb Avgv`i mgvR PjQ cy u wRev`, fvMev`,
Avj vn& I Zvui Av`k _K mgvR I iv i c _KxKiY, gvby li mve fgZ ,
mvc`vwqKZv, kvmK kbxi ^v_ i ivRbxwZ, Afve Dcwbekev`x c f~ `i
wb`ki AbymiY BZvw` `y wPv I cwZi PPv I evevqb| mgvR cwieZbi
Avgiv hw` Kvb f~wgKv ivLZ PvB Zvnj Avgv`iK AekB mgvRi
Gme `y wP v I wbqg Kvby bK c Kvk Pvj KiZ ne, hgbwU KiwQjb
ivm~ j (mvt) Zvu i gx Rxeb| eZ gvb c PwjZ mvgvwRK, A_ bwZK I ivRbwZK
16

PP vK AvjvPbvq Gb gvby li mvgb Ki `wLq w`Z ne h AvjvP
cZKwU h mxgvnxb `~bxwZ I Ryjyg PjQ Zvi g~j Drm mgvR cPwjZ
`y wP v I wbqg cwZ| Aciw`K BmjvgK Ggbfve Zzj aiZ ne hb
RbMY ey SZ cvi h mgvR gvby li Pvwn`v I c e wjv c~ iYi me vg Dcvq
nQ Bmjvg| Avi GUv Kivi GKgv Dcvq nQ Pjgvb Rxeb I NUgvb eveZv
_K wewfb Bmy (hv RbMbi wP vK evcKfve AvjvwoZ KiQ) wbq gvby li
mv_ AvjvPbv Kiv Ges gvby lK ey wSq `qv wKfve mgvR cPwjZ wP v I
AvBbjvi my hvM wbq my weavev`x kvmK kbx I Zv`i we`kx cfyiv RbMYK
kvlY I wbhv Zb KiQ; mB mv_ Bmjvgx wP v PZbv I iv ee v (wLjvdZ)
wKfve gvby lK Gme gvbe iwPZ AvBbi Ry jyg _K gy Ki mgvR kvw,
kLjv I AM MwZi aviv c wZwZ Ki ZvI RbMYi mvgb Dc vcb Kiv|

3. hLb RbMY Avvi mv_ eySZ cvie h GKgv Bmjvgx Rxebv`k
(Ideology) vivB Avgv`i me Pvwn`v I cew wbqwZ nIqv DwPZ ZLb
evcK RbgZK wfw Ki mgvRi bZ & vbxq mr gvby l`i mnhvwMZvq eZ gvb
cyuwRev`x-Rvwjg bZZ Z_v iveevK m~ Y AcmviY Ki Bmjvgx miKvi ev
iv ee v (wLjvdZ) cy btc wZv Kiv|


<|< t

RbMYi Dci Rvi Ki wKQy Bmjvwg AvBb Pvwcq w`q wKsev aygv wKQy bZvK
AcmviY Ki bZz b wKQy jvKK gZvq ewmq BmjvwgK iv (wLjvdZ) c wZv Kiv
hvq bv| eis v wP vi Dci c wZwZ mgM mgvR eevKB hywc~Y fve KziAvb
my b vn&i AvjvK Pvj KiZ ne Ges RbMYK AekB evSvZ ne h Bmjvgx
Rxeb eevB me vg Rxeb eev Avi Gi gvag Avgiv Avj vn& i Dcvmbv Kwi|

cwikl G K_v ejv hvq h, Avgv`i mgvRi eZ gvb `y ie vq Avgiv hw` c K Z
cwieZ b AvbZ PvB Zvnj mgvR ee vi cZKwU Dcv`vb wbq wP v fvebv KiZ
ne Ges mjv cwieZ bi Rb h_vh_fve Pv PvjvZ ne|

Avgiv hvZ cw_exZ Avj vn& i xb cy btc wZv KiZ cvwi mRb Avgiv Zvu iB KvQ
mvnvh c v_ bv KiwQ| Avgxb \