Code: 9A23303

1
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Bio Technology)

B.TECH II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks 1

Max. Marks: 70

***** (a) Define unit operations and unit processes, giving examples from field of biotechnology. (b) Give applications of transport phenomenon principles in bioprocessing. (a) What is an equation of state? Give any three equations of state popularly known. (b) Calculate the volume of 15 kg of chlorine at a pressure of 0.9 bar and 293 K. (a) Derive Bernoullis equation, stating the assumptions made. (b) Oil having specific gravity 0.878 is flowing in a tapered pipeline. The velocity at a section having 0.15 m2 area is found to be 1.432 m/s. Calculate the diameter of the pipeline at which the velocity is 2.7 m/s. Find out the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate. (a) State Newtons law of viscosity. Explain the concept of Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids with neat schematic diagrams. (b) Explain the working of any continuous viscometer with the help of a schematic diagram. (a) What are skin and form frictions? Discuss how pressure drop is calculated due to skin and form frictions. (b) Oil of specific gravity of 0.9 flows through a horizontal pipe of 3 cm diameter. The mass flow rate is 1.035 kg/s. If the pressure-drop per meter length of the pipe is 0.12 kg/cm2. Determine the viscosity of the fluid. (a) Obtain the expression for the terminal velocity of a single particle assuming Stokes law to be valid. (b) Estimate the terminal velocity for 80- to 100- mesh particles of limestone (density is 2800 kg/m3) falling in hydrocarbon oil at 30 C. Data of interest: Dp for 100-mesh = 0.147 mm Dp for 80-mesh = 0.175 mm of oil = 0.025 Pa.s = 990 kg/m3 (a) Describe how prevention of leakage around moving parts is achieved in bioprocessing equipment. (b) A orifice meter (Co = 0.65) consisting of 10 cm diameter orifice is placed in a 25 cm diameter horizontal pipe. The pipe delivers oil of specific gravity 0.8. The pressure drop across the orifice is measured using a mercury oil differential manometer. The manometer reads 0.8 m of mercury. Calculate the volumetric flow rate in m3/h. (a) Discuss different types of pumps used in bioprocessing industries. (b) A liquid is pumped from a reservoir to the top of mountain through a pipe of inner diameter 0.1396 m at an average velocity of 3.048 m/s. The pipe discharges into atmosphere at a level of 1219 m above the level in the reservoir. The length of the pipe line is 1524 m. Efficiency of the pump is 70%. Calculate hourly energy cost for pumping. Energy cost is Rs 3 per kWhr.

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Code: 9A23303

2
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Bio Technology)

B.TECH II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks 1

Max. Marks: 70

***** (a) Define unit operations and unit processes. What are the different types of unit operations and unit processes? (b) Give applications of momentum and heat transfer in bioprocessing. (a) What is an ideal gas equation? Give its applications and range of applicability. (b) The heat transfer coefficient of oil flowing through a pipe is 300 W/m2K. Determine the value expressed in Kcal/hm2 C and Btu/hft2 F. (a) What is hydrostatic equilibrium? Derive the mathematical expression for hydrostatic equilibrium. (b) Oil having specific gravity 0.7 is flowing in a tapered pipeline. The velocity at a section having 0.15 m2 area is found to be 1.5 m/s. Calculate the diameter of the pipeline at which the velocity is 2.5 m/s. Find out the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate. (a) Discuss the classification of fluids based on their rheological properties. (b) Explain how measurement of viscosity is done using extrusion rheometer. (a) Discuss the classification of fluid flow characterized by Reynolds Number (b) Define compressible flow. Discuss the parameter that characterizes the compressible flow. (a) Discuss the different equations for determining pressure drop for flow through beds. (b) Estimate the terminal velocity for 80- to 100- mesh particles of limestone (density is 2800 kg/m3) falling in water at 30 C. Data of interest: Dp for 100-mesh = 0.147 mm Dp for 80-mesh = 0.175 mm = 0.801 cP = 995.7 kg/m3 (a) Describe the construction and working principle of orifice meter with the help of a schematic diagram. (b) A venturimeter is placed in a 7.5 cm diameter horizontal pipe which has a throat diameter 2.5 cm. Determine the flow through the pipe in liters per minute when the venture head is 41.2 cm of water. Assume the coefficient of the meter is 0.97. (a) Discuss classification of fluid transportation machinery with examples. (b) A liquid is pumped from a reservoir to the top of mountain through a pipe of inner diameter 0.15 m at an average velocity of 3 m/s. The pipe discharges into atmosphere at a level of 1800 m above the level in the reservoir. The length of the pipe line is 2000 m. Efficiency of the pump is 70%. Calculate hourly energy cost for pumping. Energy cost is Rs 3 per kWhr. *****

Code: 9A23303

3
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Bio Technology)

B.TECH II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks

Max. Marks: 70

***** (a) Define unit operations and unit processes, giving examples from field of biotechnology. (b) Give any four applications of heat transfer in bioprocessing. (a) What are standard conditions? State ideal gas law and give the range of its applicability. (b) The superficial mass velocity is found to be 400 lb/hr.ft2. Find its equivalent in kg/s.m2. (a) State Bernoullis equation and discuss the different modifications applied to the equation to cover practical situations. (b) A pump draws a solution of specific gravity 1.84 from a storage tank through a 75 mm schedule 40 steel pipe. The efficiency of the pump is 60 percent. The velocity in the suction line is 0.914 m/s. The pump discharges through a 50 mm schedule 40 pipe to an overhead tank. The end of the discharge pipe is 15.2 m above the level of the solution in the feed tank. Friction losses in the entire piping are 30 J/kg. What pressure must the pump develop? What is the power delivered to the fluid by the pump? The cross sectional areas of 75 mm and 50 mm pipes are 4765 mm2 and 2165 mm2. (a) What is viscosity of a fluid? Discuss the effect of temperature on viscosities of gases and liquids. (b) Write about the construction and working principle of any one viscometer with the help of a schematic diagram. (a) Discuss friction factor chart with the help of schematic diagram. Give its applications. (b) Write short notes on Mach number and stagnation temperature. (a) What is terminal settling velocity? Derive the equation for the terminal velocity of a particle moving through a fluid. (b) Particles of sphalerite (specific gravity 4.00) are settling under the force of gravity in carbon tetrachloride at 20C (specific gravity 1.594). The diameter of the sphalerite particles is 0.10 mm. The volume fraction of sphalerite in CCl4 is 0.20. What is the settling velocity of the sphalerite? Viscosity of CCl4 at 20C is 1.03 cP. (a) Describe the construction and working of venturimeter with the help of a schematic diagram. (b) A rotameter has a 0.3 m long tube with inner diameter 2.5 cm at the top and 1.8 cm at the bottom. The float has 1.8 cm diameter with specific gravity 5.8 and a volume of 60 cm3. If the coefficient of the meter is 0.72 at what height will the float be when metering water at 0.1 lps? (a) What are characteristic curves? Explain them with the help of a schematic diagram. Give the applications of the curves in bioprocessing. (b) A liquid is pumped from a reservoir to the top of mountain through a pipe of inner diameter 0.1396 m at an average velocity of 2.09 m/s. The pipe discharges into atmosphere at a level of 1860 m above the level in the reservoir. The length of the pipe line is 1524 m. Efficiency of the pump is 69%. Calculate hourly energy cost for pumping if energy cost is Rs 4 per kWhr. State the assumption made if any. *****

Code: 9A23303

4
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Bio Technology)

B.TECH II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012

Time: 3 hours
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1

Max. Marks: 70

(a) Define unit operations and unit processes, giving examples from field of biotechnology. (b) Discuss any two applications of mass transfer operations in bioprocessing. (a) What are standard conditions? State ideal gas law and give the range of its applicability. (b) The mass velocity of a gas through a duct is 1000 kg/m2 h. Express the velocity in lb/ft2s. (a) Write mechanical energy balance for fluid flow through pipes and derive the Bernoullis equation. State the assumptions made. (b) Water at 20 C is pumped at a constant rate of 9 m3/h from a large reservoir resting on the floor to the open top of an experimental absorption tower. The point of discharge is 5 m above the floor, and friction losses in the 50 mm pipe from the reservoir to the tower amount to 2.5 J/kg. At what height in the reservoir must the water level be kept if the pump can deliver only 0.1 kW? (a) Discuss different types of time independent non Newtonian fluids with examples. (b) Write about the construction and working principle of plate and cone viscometer with the help of a schematic diagram. (a) Explain in detail how fluid flow is characterized by Reynolds number. (b) An oil of specific gravity 0.85 is flowing through a pipe of 0.05 m diameter at the rate of 3 liters per second. Find the type of flow, if the viscosity of the oil is 3.8 Poise. (a) Obtain the expression for the terminal velocity of a single particle assuming Stokes law to be valid. (b) Air at 37.8 C and 101.3 kPa absolute pressure flows past a sphere having a diameter of 36 mm at a velocity of 24 m/s. What are the drag coefficient and the force on the sphere? Properties of air at 37.8 C = 1.9 X 10 -5 Pa.s = 1.137 kg/m3 (a) Describe the construction and working of a rotameter with the help of a schematic diagram. (b) Heavy oil at 20 C having a density of 900 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 6 cp is flowing in a 4 inch schedule 40 steel pipe (OD 114.3 m, wall thickness 6.02 mm). When the flow rate is 0.0174 m3/s , it is desired to have a pressure drop reading across the manometer equivalent to 0.93 X 105 Pa. What size orifice should be used if the orifice coefficient is assumed as 0.61? What is the permanent pressure loss? (a) What are characteristic curves? Explain them with the help of a schematic diagram. Give the applications of the curves in bioprocessing. (b) Write about selection of pumps for different application in process industries. *****