C11 Numerical Control Equipment Control types: 1. Manual 2.

Cams and copy system - following a profile defined by a physical piece, attached by springs or a hydraulic system to the cutting tool. Using the hydraulics we can set a ratio between the different axes. 3. Mechanical and electronic devices - use a position sensor (to indicate only position), using micro-switches at start and end of the course to stop/start the motion as necessary. This can be combined with cams to control the profile and the feed of the cutting tool. 4. NC - numerical control. Instead of physical cams and switches we have electrical cards to access functions or the machine tool hardware functions. The cards are coupled with registers and a display, the latter displays the parameters of the functions, as read from the registers. The control of the machine is done via the control panel, using a programming language (ex. G-code). 5. CNC - computer numerical control. The electronic cards are replaced with a microprocessor, the registers with the memory, coupled with a graphical display. The control panel is basically the same, with and extra keyboard. 1. Machine Tool: ex. 5-axis milling machine tool 1. plug in - connect to a power system 1. electrical power - AC/DC Motor 2. Hydraulic 3. Pneumatic 2. Start up the machine 3. Main spindle 1. sense of rotation 2. speed 1. gearbox (step) - the number of combinations, depending on the ratios 2. Continuous change of speed 3. position if possible 4. Numerical Axes:

1. sense of motion (trajectory is linear or circular, depending on the guiding lines) 2. feed 3. end position 4. if combination of multiple axes is possible, the selection of the resultant trajectory (linear, circular, elliptic, etc.) Measuring systems:

Absolute

Direct - linear ruler o Relative - rotational, measuring the increments on the disc we can obtain the linear position. By changing the disc with one with more increments, we can increase the obtained precision of the linear position. Incremental - the zero point is a floating point, we can put it anywhere
o

Outputs:

analog - there is a linear connection, obtaining a continuous measurement, the final precision depends on the increments of the measuring method. digital - the measurement is grainy, not representing every value.

Included: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Control of the spindle axis position control axes correlation command the drive for every axes identify the machine tool status accept input data store the command information send the manufacturing information in the sequence imposed by the process order 9. ensure the feedback data acquisition for a continuous process state identification 10. generate signals based on logical decisions. 11. send data for the MMI (man-machine interface) 12. activate the operator control panel 13. tools management

14.

errors management

Generations of numerical control:

First generation: the machine is destined for manual operation, adapted for the attachment of numerical equipment to display tool position. Second generation: NC system, the source code is stored on punched cards or magnetic tape. Third generation: DNC - direct numerical control. Multiple NC equipments are coupled to a single computer that manages the functions and send out commands as needed, while monitoring the status of machine-tools. Nothing is displayed on the individual machines anymore, only on the central computer.

Steps for the project: 1. Technical drawing - Add a carthesian coord. system 2. List of operations 1. centering 2. drilling 3. circular interpolation 4. milling 3. Tool choices needed for the processes 4. Cutting Data calculations 5. Checking cutting data relative to the CNC system's characteristics 1. turatie AP (min. ; max. ; trepte turatii) 2. nr. de axe controlate numeric 3. Avans 4. BLU (2 microns) 5. cursele pe axe 6. tipul, pozitia si nr. de scule din magazie 7. tool store positions 8. ECS - restrictii si caracteristici 9. limbajul de programare acceptat 10. Restrictii 6. Determining the compulsory points. 7. Writing the program 8. Verification of the program 1. Syntax check 2. Dry run 9. Execute the program

10.

Check the part.

Turatii pt. CPV1: 1. S10 2. S11 3. S12 4. S13 5. S20 6. S21 7. S22 8. S23 9. S30 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. - 17 RPM - 20 RPM - 25 - 32 - 40 - 50 - 63 - 80 100 S31 - 125 S32 - 160 S33 - 200 S40 - 250 S41 - 320 S42 - 400 S43 - 500 S50 - 630 S51 - 800 S52 - 1000 S53 - 1250 S60 - 1600 S61 - 2000 S62 - 2500 S63 - 3200