CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1: A formula is a rule that relates qualities. a. True b.

False The correct answer is b 2: A law summarizes a relationship that already exists in nature. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 3: A derivation is a formula produced with the use of mathematics. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 4: In order to avoid loading error, a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) input or analog volt-ohmmilli-ammeter (VOM) is generally used to measure a voltage. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 5: Norton current is sometimes called the short-circuit current. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 6: A Thevenin circuit can be converted to a Norton circuit. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 7: Coulomb?s law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is inversely proportional to the charges and directly proportional to the square of the distance between them. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 8: A derivation is a formula that we cannot get from other formulas. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 9: The second approximation of a dc voltage source does not include internal resistance. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 10: A dc current source produces a constant load_____for different load resistances. The correct answer is current 11: A_____is a circuit often built with solderless connections without regard to the final location of parts. The correct answer is breadboard

12: Source resistance can be ignored when it is at least_____times smaller than the load resistance. The correct answer is 100 13: Using the second approximation for an ac voltage source is valid only at_____frequencies. The correct answer is low 14: A_____current source has a source resistance that is at least 100 times larger than the load resistance. The correct answer is stiff 15: If you calculate a Thevenin resistance of 10 k?, you know that the Norton resistance equals_____. The correct answer is 10 k? 16: A poor solder connection referred to as a cold-solder joint usually means_____connection. The correct answer is no 17: A type of circuit trouble that appears and then disappears is known as a(n)_____trouble. The correct answer is intermittent 18: The ideal approximation is sometimes called: a. first approximation b. second approximation c. third approximation d. fourth approximation The correct answer is a 19: The term stiff voltage source refers to a voltage source with a load resistance which is a. 10 times larger than the source resistance b. 100 times larger than the source resistance c. equal to the source resistance d. 100 times smaller than the source resistance The correct answer is b 20: The most common circuit troubles are a. faulty power supplies b. improper design c. broken switches d. open and shorts The correct answer is d 21: In a circuit, voltages are usually measured with respect to a. the positive side of the power source b. the component known as the fuse c. ground d. the load The correct answer is c 22: In the troubleshooting procedure, after a component has been isolated as the top suspect, a. replace it right away b. unsolder or disconnect it and use test equipment for confirmation c. replace component with a two inch piece of number 16 gauge wire d. test component in the circuit using an ohmmeter The correct answer is b 23: Thevenin voltage is defined as the voltage across the load terminals when a. the voltage source is removed

b. the load resistor is open c. the load resistor is shorted d. the voltage source is shorted The correct answer is b 24: Thevenin theorem simplifies calculations and a. enables us to explain circuit operation b. troubleshoots transistor circuits c. serves as a constant current source d. serves as a constant voltage source The correct answer is a 25: When measuring a voltage, what causes a small current to flow through the multimeter? a. a small load resistance b. the D?Arsenval meter movement c. the input impedance d. the output impedance The correct answer is c CHAPTER-2 SEMICONDUCTORS 1: Copper is a good conductor. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 2: The valence orbit controls the physical properties of the atom. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 3: The core of an atom consists of all inner orbits. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 4: A semiconductor is an element with electrical properties identical to those of a conductor. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 5: At room temperature, a silicon crystal acts like a conductor. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 6: Intrinsic semiconductor has an equal number of free electrons and holes. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 7: Each pair of positive and negative ions at the pn junction is called a doped pole. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 8: Forward bias is achieved when the negative source terminal is connected to the n-type material,

and the positive terminal is connected to the p-type material. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 9: The departure of an electron creates a vacancy in the valence orbit, it is called a_____. The correct answer is hole 10: _____is the merging of a free electron and a hole. The correct answer is Recombination 11: A(n)_____semiconductor is a pure semiconductor. The correct answer is intrinsic 12: Silicon that has been doped with a trivalent impurity is called a_____semiconductor. The correct answer is p-type 13: The border between p-type and n-type crystal is called the pn_____. The correct answer is junction 14: Junction_____is another name for pn crystal. The correct answer is diode 15: In a light-emitting diode (LED), the applied_____lifts the electrons to higher energy levels. The correct answer is voltage 16: When a diode is first formed, the_____layer does not exist. The correct answer is depletion 17: How many valence electrons are there in a germanium semiconductor? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. None The correct answer is c 18: The term used to describe the sharing of valence electrons that gives a crystal solidity is a. covalent bonding b. negative ion c. saturation point d. reverse bias The correct answer is a 19: What type of atoms are added to molten silicon in order to increase the number of free electrons? a. pentavalent b. trivalent c. covalent d. positive The correct answer is a 20: What is the most popular and useful semiconductor material? a. silver b. copper c. aluminum d. silicon The correct answer is d 21: When reverse bias is increased

a. forward current increases b. depletion layer widens c. depletion layer becomes smaller d. the diode becomes polarized The correct answer is b 22: What is the term for the temperature inside a diode, right at the pn junction? a. ambient temperature b. diode temperature c. pn temperature d. junction temperature The correct answer is d 23: When the reverse voltage increases, holes and electrons a. recombine b. move away from the junction c. move toward the junction d. remain stationary The correct answer is b 24: What is the term for reverse current on the surface of a crystal? a. crystal current b. reverse current c. surface-leakage current d. avalanche breakdown current The correct answer is c CHAPTER-3 DIODE THEORY

1: An ordinary resistor is a nonlinear device because the graph of its current versus voltage is a curved line. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 2: An ideal diode acts like a switch that closes when reverse-biased and opens when forwardbiased. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 3: You can quickly check the condition of a diode with a voltmeter on a high voltage range. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 4: A diode that measures extremely low resistance in both directions is called a shorted diode. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 5: Much of the information on a manufacturer?s data sheet is very important and of use to

technicians and circuit designers. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 6: Manufacturer?s data sheets generally do not list the value of bulk resistance. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 7: The ratio of total voltage to total diode current is the bulk resistance of the diode. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 8: The load line is a tool used to find the exact value of a diode?s dc resistance. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 9: Surface mount diodes are small and efficient. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 10: The p side of a diode is referred to as the_____. The correct answer is anode 11: The sum of the ohmic resistance is called the_____resistance. The correct answer is bulk 12: All silicon diodes have a knee voltage of approximately_____volts. The correct answer is 0.7 13: A diode can be effectively checked by using a(n)_____. The correct answer is ohmmeter 14: A diode that exhibits high resistance in both directions when measured with an ohmmeter is_____. The correct answer is open 15: The knee voltage of a germanium diode is approximately_____volts. The correct answer is 0.3 16: The ratio of total diode voltage to total diode current is the_____resistance. The correct answer is dc 17: When graphing diode characteristics, a tool used to find the exact value of diode current and voltage is the_____line. The correct answer is load 18: In a diode, after the barrier potential is overcome, all that impedes the current is the a. ohmic resistance of the p and n regions b. bulk resistance c. dynamic resistance of the p region d. depletion resistance The correct answer is a 19: How is the power dissipation of a diode calculated? a. diode current times diode resistance

b. diode voltage divided by diode current c. diode voltage times diode current d. diode current divided by diode voltage The correct answer is c 20: Most electronic troubleshooters begin by measuring a. voltages out of the power supply b. resistances of the diodes c. power of the diodes d. current out of the power supply The correct answer is a 21: What is the data sheet specification that lists the reverse current at the maximum reverse dc rated voltage? a. reverse breakdown b. maximum forward current c. maximum reverse current d. forward breakdown The correct answer is c 22: The point of intersection which is called the Q point, represents a. the intersection of the diode curve and the load line b. the intersection of cutoff and the diode voltage c. the intersection of saturation and diode current d. the intersection of cutoff and diode current The correct answer is a 23: The two most popular basic styles of surface-mount packages are surface mount and a. small outline transistor b. large outline transistor c. surface outline diode d. surface outline transistor The correct answer is a 24: Much of the information on a manufacturer?s data sheet is a. necessary to understand diode circuits b. necessary to troubleshoot diode circuits c. obscure and of use only to circuit designers d. necessary only to electronic technicians The correct answer is c 25: As with many tiny surface mount devices, the determination of the PIN is obtained from a. clues on the circuit board and schematic diagram b. reading the numbers on the device?s underside c. reading the color code on the device?s underside d. reading the label stamped on the top of the device The correct answer is a

CHAPTER-4

DIODE CIRCUITS

1: The half-wave rectifier has a diode in parallel with a load resistor. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 2: In electronic equipment power supplies, the transformer steps the line voltage up to higher levels that can more easily be used with semiconductor devices. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 3: The full-wave rectifier is equivalent to two half-wave rectifiers. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 4: The bridge rectifier is similar to a half-wave rectifier because it produces a half-wave output voltage. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 5: The choke-input filter is often used because of its low cost and light weight. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 6: The peak inverse voltage is the maximum voltage across the conducting diode of a rectifier. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 7: For low-voltage power supplies, the integrated circuit has been replaced by the LC filter. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 8: It is more often the case that equipment failure is caused by troubles in the power supply. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 9: A clamper is a circuit that removes either positive or negative parts of a waveform. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 10: A diode circuit used to protect a sensitive circuit is called a_____. The correct answer is limiter 11: Applying an external voltage to change the reference level of a circuit is called_____. The correct answer is bias 12: A_____is a circuit that adds a dc voltage to the signal? The correct answer is clamper 13: If you_____a clamper and a peak detector, you get a peak-to-peak detector. The correct answer is cascade

14: Half-wave rectifier voltage produces_____current flow. The correct answer is unidirectional 15: A step-up transformer will produce a secondary voltage that is_____than the primary. The correct answer is larger 16: Ac ripple measurements can be most accurately made by using a(n)_____. The correct answer is oscilloscope 17: The_____is the most popular rectifier circuit. The correct answer is bridge 18: By using rectifier diodes and operating at 60 Hz, what type of power supply can be configured? a. IC b. voltage doubler c. passive d. clipper The correct answer is b 19: When neither end of a load resistor is grounded, the load resistor is said to be a. open b. shorted c. a voltage divider d. floating The correct answer is d 20: Phasing dots that appear at the upper ends of the transformer?s schematic symbol mean that the dotted ends have the a. same instantaneous phase b. opposite instantaneous phase c. iron core insert d. connection for 60 Hz input The correct answer is a 21: What is the small ac load voltage that can be measured (with an oscilloscope) at the output of a choke-input filter? a. peak b. ripple c. surge d. harmonic The correct answer is b 22: What is the term for a special kind of high frequency power supply used in computers and monitors? a. crowbar protection b. half-wave c. bridge d. switching regulator The correct answer is d 23: The voltage that must be less than the breakdown voltage of the diode as to prevent damage to

the diode is the a. peak inverse voltage b. maximum diode voltage c. reverse surge voltage d. maximum peak voltage The correct answer is a 24: What is the type of fuse that can temporarily withstand overloads in current? a. overload fuse b. slow-blow fuse c. temporary blow fuse d. fast-acting fuse The correct answer is b 25: A circuit that removes all the positive parts of the input signal is a a. positive clipper b. positive clamper c. negative clipper d. positive voltage doubler The correct answer is a CHAPTER-5 SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODES 1: A zener diode is a silicon diode that operates in the active region. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 2: The zener diode must remain in the active region under all operating conditions in order for a zener regulator to hold the output voltage constant. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 3: A shorted component is equivalent to a resistance of infinity, and an open component is equivalent to a resistance of zero. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 4: Optoelectronics is the technology that combines optics and electronics. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 5: A seven-segment display contains seven rectangular optocouplers. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 6: An optoisolator combines an FET and a photodiode is a single package. a. True

b. False The correct answer is b 7: The Schottky diode has metal on one side of the junction and therefore has a large depletion layer. a. True b. False The correct answer is b 8: A varactor is also called a voltage-variable capacitance. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 9: The negative resistance of tunnel diodes is useful in oscillator circuits. a. True b. False The correct answer is a 10: The zener diode is the backbone of_____regulators. The correct answer is voltage 11: _____bias is required for normal operation of a zener diode. The correct answer is Reverse 12: A circuit used when the desired dc output is less than the output of the power supply is a_____regulator. The correct answer is zener 13: A device which is optimized for its sensitivity to light and has a window that lets light pass through the package to the junction is a_____. The correct answer is photodiode 14: The combination of an LED and a photodiode is called a(n)_____. The correct answer is optocoupler 15: A_____diode has a metal such as gold or silver on one side of the junction and doped silicon on the other side. The correct answer is Schottky 16: A device used for electronic tuning and often used in television and FM receivers is a(n)_____. The correct answer is varactor 17: A semiconductor device that operates as a variable resistor at RF and microwave frequencies is a(n)_____diode. The correct answer is PIN 18: In order to maintain a constant output voltage, the zener diode a. must be connected to a transformer b. must remain forward biased c. must remain in the breakdown region d. must be in series with a filter capacitor The correct answer is c 19: The manufacturer?s data sheet entry that lists how much the power rating of a device must be reduced is the a. maximum power dissipation b. reverse breakdown voltage c. power production factor

d. derating factor The correct answer is d 20: The basic idea of voltage regulation is that the output voltage remains the same a. with virtually no change of input voltage b. with considerable changes of input voltage c. when power is turned off d. even if a passive filter is used The correct answer is b 21: Which of the following is not an advantage of a light-emitting diode (LED)? a. low voltage b. long life c. fast on-off switching d. cost The correct answer is d 22: What type of cable is comprised of thin flexible fibers of glass or plastic that transmits light beams instead of free electrons? a. coaxial b. stranded copper cable c. fiber-optic d. wave guide The correct answer is c 23: As frequency increases, small-signal diodes are no longer able to a. switch off fast enough b. amplify ac signals c. be forward biased d. serve as active filters The correct answer is a 24: The Schottky diode is sometimes called a a. silicon rectifier b. tunnel diode c. cold-carrier diode d. hot-carrier diode The correct answer is d 25: A diode that is useful in frequency multiplier circuits is a a. snap diode b. slope diode c. photo diode d. zener diode The correct answer is a