INTRODUCTIO N

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

INTRODUCTION
Tobacco is a green, leafy plant that is grown in warm climates. After it is picked, it is dried, ground up, and used in different ways. It can be smoked in a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. It can be chewed (called smokeless tobacco or chewing tobacco) or sniffed through the nose (called snuff). Nicotine is one of the more than 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes and its smoke. It is the chemical that makes tobacco addictive or habit forming. Once we smoke, chew, or sniff tobacco, nicotine goes into our bloodstream, and our body wants more. The nicotine in tobacco makes it a drug. This means that when we use tobacco, it changes our body in some way. Because nicotine is a stimulant, it speeds up the nervous system, so we feel like we have more energy. It also makes the heart beat faster and raises blood pressure.

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

SMOKERS HEALTH PROBLEM

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

SMOKERS HEALTH PROBLEM

Smokers are more likely to get cancer than non-smokers. This is particularly true of lung cancer, throat cancer and mouth cancer, which hardly ever affect non-smokers. The link between smoking and lung cancer is clear.

Ninety percent of lung cancer cases are due to smoking. If no-one smoked, lung cancer would be a rare diagnosis only 0.5 One in ten moderate smokers and almost one in five heavy smokers

per cent of people who've never touched a cigarette develop lung cancer.

(more than 15 cigarettes a day) will die of lung cancer. The more cigarettes you smoke in a day, and the longer you've smoked, the higher your risk of lung cancer. Similarly, the risk rises the deeper you inhale and the earlier in life you started smoking. For ex-smokers, it takes approximately 15 years before the risk of lung cancer drops to the same as that of a non-smoker. If you smoke, the risk of contracting mouth cancer is four times higher than for a non-smoker. Cancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the most common being on or underneath the tongue, or on the lips.

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

SMOKING

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

SMOKING
Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes, primarily industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, vaporizers, and bongs. It has been suggested that smoking-related disease kills one half of all long term smokers but these diseases may also be contracted by non-smokers. A 2007 report states that about 4.9 million people worldwide each year die as a result of smoking. Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use. Tobacco smoking is today by far the most popular form of smoking and is practiced by over one billion people in the majority of all human societies. Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium. Some of the substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these is very limited as they are often not commercially available.
SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

CHEWING TOBACCO

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

CHEWING TOBACCO
Chewing is one of the oldest ways of consuming tobacco leaves. Native Americans in both North and South America chewed the leaves of the plant, frequently mixed with the minerallime The chewing of tobacco was well-nigh universal. This habit had been widespread among the agricultural population of America both North and South before the war. Soldiers had found the quid a solace in the field and continued to revolve it in their mouths upon returning to their homes. Out of doors where his life was principally led the chewer spat upon his lands without offence to other men, and his homes and public buildings were supplied with spittoons. Brown and yellow parabolas were projected to right and left toward these receivers, but very often without the careful aim which made for cleanly living. Even the pews of fashionable churches were likely to contain these familiar conveniences. The large numbers of Southern men, and these were of the better class (officers in the Confederate army and planters, worth $20,000 or more, and barred from general amnesty) who presented themselves for the pardon of President Johnson, while they sat awaiting his pleasure in the ante-room at the White House, covered its floor with pools and rivulets of their spittle. An observant traveller in the South in 1865 said that in his belief seven-tenths of all persons above the age of twelve years, both male and female, used tobacco in some form. Women could be seen at the doors of their cabins in their bare feet, in their dirty one-piece cotton garments, their chairs tipped back, smoking pipes made of
SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

corn cobs into which were fitted reed stems or goose quills. Boys of eight or nine years of age and half-grown girls smoked. Women and girls "dipped" in their houses, on their porches, in the public parlours of hotels and in the streets. Chewing tobacco is highly addictive. In the duration of a half hour chew, the average smokeless tobacco user ingests an amount of nicotine which is equivalent to the amount in 4 cigarettes. It would take nearly 60 cigarettes to equal the amount of nicotine in a single can of chewing tobacco. Many users find it necessary to chew while they sleep because they have become entirely dependent on the product. Chewing tobacco, also called smokeless toba cco or snuff, contains over 25 carcinogens or cancer causing agents. Chewing tobacco increases the risk of oral cancers, throat and pharynx cancers. Oral cancers include those of the lips, mouth, gums, cheeks and tongue. Many times these cancers develop as unsightly tumors that need to be surgically removed. Quite often whole pieces of the jaw and cheek need to be removed as well, leaving the smokeless tobacco user with a severe facial disfigurement. In one study, as many as 91% of oral and throat cancer patients used smokeless tobacco. The oral cancer risk associated with those that use chewing tobacco is approximately 50 times higher than that of the non tobacco users. Nearly 90% of oral tumors are caused by smokeless chewing tobacco. o Symptoms of oral cancers include sores that fail to heal, sores that bleed easily, patches which are a whitish color, the formation of a lump or
SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

thickening in the mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing food or feeling a sens ation like something is stuck in the throat. Chewing tobacco users may develop a condition called Leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a condition which results from continued irritation of the gums, tongue, and the insides of the cheeks. This disease is usually identified by the appearance of thick, whitish patches. Although Leukoplakia isn't painful, the patches may be sensitive to the touch or aggravated by certain foods. Many patches of leukoplakia show signs of precancerous cells and many cancerous tumors appear near areas of leukoplakia. Users of chewing tobacco are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases account for nearly 40% of all deaths annually. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure and reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood stream, all of which have an effect on the heart and can contribute to cardiovascular disease. Smokeless tobacco increase the risk and severity of gum and tooth disease. The constant presence of to bacco eats the gum away from the root of the tooth, leaving the tooth much more susceptible to cavities. Additionally, to mask the bitter taste of tobacco, many manufacturers add sugar and other artificial ingredients. The constant presence of sugar weakens the tooth enamel resulting in cavities. The receding gum line also weakens the stability of the tooth, resulting in lose teeth which eventually fall out. Chewing tobacco permanently discolors teeth and users suffer from halitosis, constant bad breath. What is being done to prevent smokeless tobacco use? The fight against tobacco products has been mainly directed at elementary school children. There are numerous government and nonprofit agencies
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working to get the facts about tobacco out there and into the minds of children before they are tempted to try any tobacco products. Many of these agencies use the school system to educate children and parents about the dangers associated with tobacco products. They use technique s specifically designed for children, such as plays, speakers, coloring books and activties which focus on the dangerous aspects of tobacco use as well as by providing children with healthy alternatives to tobacco use, such as exercise.

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BEEDI

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BEEDI

A beedi is a thin, Indian cigarette filled with tobacco flake and wrapped in a tendu or possibly even Bauhinia racemosa leaf tied with a string at one end. The name is derived from the Marwari word beedaa leaf wrapped in betel nuts, herbs, and condiments. Indian tobacco cultivation began in the late 17th century, and beedies were first created when tobacco workers took left-over tobacco and rolled it in leaves. The commercial Indian beedi industry saw rapid growth during the 1930s probably driven by an expansion of tobacco cultivation at the time but also helped by Gandhi's support of Indian industry and Indian products. Perhaps due to this, educated classes in India grew to prefer
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beedies to cigarettes although this is no longer the case. Muslim leaders, calling cigarettes foreign products, have also endorsed beedies at times. By the middle of the 20th century beedi manufacture had grown into a highly competitive industry. This stage of commercial productionat the height of the beedi's popularity saw the creation of many new beedi brands as well as beedi factories employing upwards of one hundred, primarily male, beedi rollers. Factory-based beedi production declined as a result of increased regulation during the 1940s, '50s, and '60s, and beedi-making became a cottage industry with a home-based women workforce predominantly employed only in the beedi rolling. In contrast, males continue to be employed in all aspects of beedi production.

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CIGARETTE

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CIGARETTE

A cigarette (from the French for "small cigar". Cigar comes, through the Spanish and Portuguese cigarro, from the Mayan siyar; "to smoke rolled tobacco leaves") is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cloves orcannabis. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its smaller size, use of processed leaf, and paper wrapping, which is normally white, though other colors are occasionally available. Cigars are typically composed entirely of whole-leaf tobacco. Rates of cigarette smoking vary widely, and have changed considerably over the course of history since cigarettes were first widely used in the midSMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

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20th century. While rates of smoking have over time leveled off or declined in the developed world, they continue to rise in developing nations. Cigarettes do carry serious health effects with them, which are more prevalent than in other tobacco products. Nicotine, the primary psychoactive chemical in tobacco and therefore cigarettes, is addictive. About half of cigarette smokers die of tobacco-related disease and lose on average 14 years of life. Cigarette use by pregnant women has also been shown to cause birth defects, including mental and physical disabilities. Second-hand smoke from cigarettes has been shown to be injurious to bystanders, which has led to legislation that has banned their smoking in many workplaces and public areas. Cigarettes are the most frequent source of fires leading to loss of lives in private homes, which has prompted the European Union and the United States to ban cigarettes that are not fire standard compliant by 201

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CANNABIS

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CANNABIS
Cannabis, also known and by as marijuana (from other names, is the Mexican a preparation of

Spanish marihuana),

the Cannabis plantintended for use as a psychoactive drug and as medicine. Pharmacologically, the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis istetrahydrocannabinol (THC); it is one of 400 compounds in the plant, including other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), andtetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). Contemporary uses of cannabis are as a recreational drug, as religious or spiritual rites, or as medicine; the earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC. In 2004, the United Nations estimated that global consumption of cannabis indicated that approximately 4.0 percent of the adult world population (162 million people) used cannabis annually, and that approximately 0.6 percent (22.5 million) of people used cannabis daily.
[7]

Since the early 20th century cannabis has been subject to legal

restrictions with the possession, use, and sale of cannabis preparations containing psychoactive cannabinoids currently illegal in most countries of the world; the United Nations has said that cannabis is the most-used illicit drug in the world. Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed. The minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. Aside from a subjective change in perception and, most notably, mood, the most common short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate,
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increased appetite and consumption of food, lowered blood pressure, impairment of short-term and working memory, psychomotor coordination, and concentration. Long-term effects are less clear. Deaths attributed directly to cannabis usage are infrequent but have been documented. Recorded fatalities resulting from cannabis overdose in animals are generally only after intravenous injection of hashish oil

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METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY
The study was carried out by conducting the survey of the respondents residing in the Bundelkhand region vicinity. The survey was based on semi structured interview consisting question related to the tobacco use. The questionnaire was prepared by covering open ended and close ended question related to topic (Chewing and Smoking of tobacco). The pharmacy under graduate student was selected for the collection of data. The interpretation of data to avoid ambiguity. They were quite familiar with the local language which helps to improve quality of information gained. The Bundelkhand region was selected for the survey as it was convenient. The total no. of 400 respondents was randomly selected from last week June to first week of September. The mixed population of respondents was covered. The educated group includes students, teachers, house wifes and servicemen . The illiterate group mostly includes farmers. The respondents include in the study were from the age 15 to 70 years old. The questionnaire used for the study includes following question.

From which age person taking tobacco ? Mode of taking tobacco ? If made is chew, which type of material you ? In a day how many times you take tobacco ? Do you know tobacco is injurious to health ? For that Purpose you like to take tobacco ? Are you suffering from any sort of disease/problem ?
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Are you aware about the facilities extended by the M.P. Govt. for Cancer patients, who belong to economically backward class ?

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

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ANALYTICAL REPORT OF A TYPICAL QUESTIONNAIRE DATA

The total 400 respondents were interview. The data was analyzed independently by the researchers and was collected and statistically treated. The information gathered during the study is analyzed below. The health problem faced by the person using tobacco. Topic --- Smoking and Chewing of Tobacco Area of Survey -------- Bundelkhand

From which age person taking tobacco ?

o o o o

10-20 years 21-30 years 31-40 Years Above 40 years Smoking Both Bidi Chigarette Chillum Ganja Cigar 2.7 %

42% 31 % 23% 04% 19.5% 54 % 41 % 51 % 3.5 % 0.8 %

SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

Mode of taking Tobacco ?

o o o

Chewing Tobacco 26.5 %

If mode is smoking which material you use ?

o o o o o

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Pipes

1.4 %

If mode is chew, which type of material you use ? o Tobacco with lime o Gutka /Powches o Khaini o Kharra 27 % 68% 4% 1%

Percentage of person, taking tobacco from which age (on the basis of age) o 18-25 years o 26-50 years o Above 50 54 % 38 % 8% 55 % 68% 20% 97 % 03 % 44 % 38 % 18 % 18 %
SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

Percentage of persons, in a day taking tobacco. o 1-5 times o 6-10 times o Above 20 times

Percentage of person knows that tobacco is injurious to health or not ? o Yes o No

For that purpose like to take tobacco/smoking ? o Addiction o Time pass/Entertainment o Passion

How much money people spent per month on tobacco ?

o

1- 100 Rs.

25

101-500 Rs.

69 % 18 %

o Above Rs.

No. of person suffering from any sort of disease/ Problem? o Yes o No 30 % 70 % 43 % 20 % 02 % 35 %

Percentage of person those are sufferingfrom some common disease ?

o o

Shortness of mouth Oral Ulcer

o Acidity o Coughing

Percentage of persons, those are aware about the facilities extended by the M.P. Govt. for cancer patients, who belong to economically backward class. o Yes o No 35 % 65 %

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION
At last from the data, we concluded that tobacco is very much harmful to human beings. Due to use the use of tobacco much harmful disease occurs which sometimes ends to death. hence that study was mainly focused on the injurious effect of tobacco on population. It also focused on, the habit of smoking among young people particularly student. To create cancer awareness amongst students and other people this project report was made.

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