DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PATTERN RECOGNITION

UNIT I Part A 1. Define Artificial Intelligence 2. Compare human and computer intelligence. 3. State Turing test. 4. Write the applications of AI. 5. Give the relations between AI and philosophy. 6. Who is an agent? 7. List the three types of Agents. 8. How agents should act? 9. List the types of Environment. 10. Rational Agents define. 11. Mapping- Define. 12. Write the structure of intelligent agent. 13. How to design an Agent Program? 14. Define the two important structure of solving problem. 15. Write the performance of Heuristics. 16. Write the two pioneers of computer game playing literature. 17. Define Meta reasoning. 18. Explain the types of searching. 19. State problem agent and its activities. 20. Logic what does it mean? 21. Differentiate logic and inference logic. 22. Write the characteristics of the knowledge based agent. 23. Define entailment. 24. Define propositional logic. 25. Explain hard satisfiability problem. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part B Distinguish between the real and stimulated implication in the world. Describe in detail the four types of operations that perform to increase the complexity. Explain the environment type agent. Give suitable example. Write short notes on model based agent. Describe briefly about the game playing with an example. Explain in detail the Heuristic approach with example. Explain in detail the structure of intelligent agents. List out the properties of environments and environment program. Explain. What are the steps in problem-solving? Explain with example. Explain in detail A* algorithm. UNIT II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part A What do you mean by heuristic? Write the concept of heuristic detection. Explain how to write a sentence using logic. Define the first order logic. What is meant by inference rule?

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

6. Write the characters of the knowledge-based agent. 7. Define entailment. 8. Define the propositional logic. 9. What is knowledge base? Define sentence. List the three levels of knowledge based agent. List out the two aspects of a knowledge representation language. What is called truth-preserving? State sentence Satisfiability. Describe a model. Write the standard quantifiers of first order logic. 17. What are called frame axioms? Write the two hidden properties of the world in synchronic rules. Define forward chaining. Define backward chaining. 'Heuristic Knowledge is one of the essential knowledge. why? How to describe a problem? Which is the best method to solve the problem? How to define Hard Satisfiability problem? 25. Write the drawbacks of heuristic function. Part B 1. List the types of agents. Explain the reason logically. 2. Explain briefly about the eight queens problem. 3. With suitable example explain Hard Satisfiability problem. 4. Explain the concept of propositional logic. 5. Briefly explain the Mini Max problem. Write the algorithm. 6. Describe briefly any one game playing method. 7. Write main difference between scripts and frame structures. 8. What is meant by semantics? Explain with example. Give three different heuristics for an h* (n) to be used in solving the eight puzzles. Write short notes on Language Processing. Write the procedure for Forward and Backward Chaining using Depth First Search. UNIT III Part A 1. Define Pattern Recognition. 2. What are all the features of pattern? 3. Write the first step in procedure or initiating event. 4. Define the two basic approaches of pattern recognition. 5. Define pattern recognition terminology. 6. Mention types of algorithm used in pattern recognition. 7. Define Learning through clustering. 8. Write notes about human interaction in pattern recognition . 9. State Decision Algorithm. 10. Describe steps for clustering algorithm 11. Explain Understanding of Speech. 12. Define a set of rewrite rules for a grammar for syntactic generation of objects. 13. Define an alphabet of shape primitives for a syntactic recognition. 14. Give two examples where the single representation trick simplifies clustering among unknown objects.

9. 10. 11.

15. Choose three common objects and determine five of their most discriminating visual attributes. 16. Determine three additional nonvisual attributes for the objects which are most discriminating. 17. Mention the clustering algorithm types. 18. Describe the chain method of clustering. 19. Write block-diagram for pattern recognition process . 20. Tabulate the Pattern Recognition Models. 21. Write some applications for pattern recognition process 22. Write down exploratory data analysis methods in clustering. 23. Write the various approaches in statistical pattern recognition. Part B Draw the neat block diagram of pattern recognition process. Explain. Explain in detail about the Decision Theoretic Classification. Write short notes on Syntactic Classification. Briefly explain Learning Classification Patterns. Write short notes on Recognition and understanding of speech. What are the techniques used in Classification? Explain each with example. Write the steps for clustering Algorithm. Compare the deterministic decision recognition function approach to the probabilistic decision function approach in pattern recognition applications. Give example. 9. Give two examples for unsupervised learning in humans in which they learn to recognize objects through clustering. 10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the robust variance estimator over the standard maximum-likelihood variance estimator in logistic regression? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. UNIT IV Part A 1. How spread out are the data? 2. Are the data symmetric or skewed? 3. Are there outliers in the data? 4. What is the bin-width in histogram?. 5. Define procedure or initiating event. 6. Define least square-approach? 7. Define Bayes minimum-risk classifier. 8. What is the probability that a person has a cold given that he or she has a fever? 9. Briefly explain about decision boundary. 10. Write the advantages of using the robust variance estimator. 11. Define maximum-likelihood variance estimator in logistic regression? 12. What is a Histogram? 13. How is a Real Histogram Made? 14. Write about memory management in kernel. 15. Explain Scale factor for nearest neighbor technique. 16. List out the Nearest Neighbor Techniques. 17. Write features of Bayes Theorem. 18. Write the expression for Pooled Covariance Matrix. 19. Explain shortly the multiple features for classes. 20. How to find the expected value of an exponential random variable?

Part B 1. Find the distance boundary to classify samples using a single numeric features. The samples are
i 1 2 x 4 -1 d 1 1

2. Write the steps for adaptive decision boundary algorithm 3. Determine the optimal decision boundary between two simple bivariate normal classes when the features are independent within each class. 4. List the three methods for evaluating the error rate of a classifier. Explain. 5. Find the probabilities of error for a specified decision region. Describe with example. 6. Write short notes on Nearest Neighbours Classification techniques. 7. Find the classification with two features using Matrix Notation using Bayes Theorem. 8. Explain briefly about histogram approach and make one frequency table ? 9. Using their cosmic ray detector, teachers in the University take counts of incident mourn per minute at a given location to see if they can get a good "average" value for that place. Over the next 20 minutes, the following counts are taken: {98, 103, 104, 103, 101, 98, 99, 104, 100, 104, 98, 103, 105, 103, 102, 104, 104, 103, 99, 100} Make a histogram; calculate the median and the mean. How close are they to the peak of the histogram? How welldefined is the peak? 10. Estimate the error rates for nearest neighbor and Bayesian classification for two class with equal prior probabilities. 0.05 0.25 B 0.0 0 UNIT - V Part A 1. Write the different classification of clustering. 2. State the hierarchical clustering. 3. Write K-means Algorithm. 4. What is the Links Between Statistical and Neural Network Methods 5. Explain exploratory data analysis methods in clustering. 6. Explain Scale factor for nearest neighbor technique 7. What is meant by Template Matching? 8. Explain Chain Method. 9. What is supervised learning? 10. Define Cluster. 11. State and define Minkowski Metric. 12. Write the algorithm for measuring Euclidean distance. 1 2 X 5 6

13. Define fuzzy c- means algorithm. 14. How will you find the estimated density function? 15 .Which kind of population distribution do the data come from clustering? 16. Where is the data located in clustering? 17. Write uses of clustering in pattern recognition. 18. How Clusters are measured? 19. List the four types of Clustering. 20. What is unsupervised learning 1. 2. 3. 4. Part B Explain briefly about instance based learning. Write notes on single and multi layer feed forward neural networks. Explain in detail about Bayesian parameter learning and EM algorithm Calculate the Euclidean distance, the city block distance, and the square root distance between the points (1,2,3) and (4,6,15). 5. Find the performance of the hierarchical clustering of 5 samples using the single linkage algorithm and two features, x and y. A scatterpot of the data is shown in figure. Use Euclidean distance for the distance between samples. The following table gives the feature values for each sample and the distance d between each pair of samples.
30 25 20
Feature 2

X 1 2 3 4 5 4 8 15 24 24

Y 4 4 8 4 12 1 2 3 4

1 4.0 11. 7 20. 0 21. 5

2 4.0 8.1 16. 0 17. 9

3 11.7 8.1 9.8 9.8

4 20. 2 16. 0 9.8 8.0

5 21.5 17.9 9.8 8.0 -

15 10 5 0 0

5 3 1 2
5

4
30

10 15 20 25 Feature 1 Samples for Clustering

6. 7. 8. 9.

Write short note on Application of Pattern Recognition in Medicine. What are the methods available to measure distances in fuzzy classifier? Write an algorithm for computation of minimum and maximum clustering. Discuss the methods used in cluster analysis and feature extraction based on unsupervised learning. 10. Graph theory is suitable for medicine explain.