Light sensitive alarm with timer 555

PRO115

. This project demonstrates the use of a Light Dependat Resistor (LDR) . LDRs typically have very high resistance in the absence of light. When light falls on it , the resistance drops very quickly. LDRs of various sizes are available in the market. Any size could be used for this project. The circuit is very simple and schematic for thr same is given in the below diagram.

The below photos give the assembly on breadboard.

A photoresistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. It can also be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS device, from "cadmium sulfide," which is the material from which the device is made and that actually exhibits the variation in resistance with light level. Note that CdS is not a semiconductor in the usual sense of the word (not doped silicon). A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance
LIST OF PARTS USED IN THE PROJECT
REF Bat1 PART TYPE BATTERYPACK PART NAME Battery Pack 6V AA VALUE -COUNT 1 INFO See Picture C1 ELECCAPACITOR Electrolytic Capacitor 10uF 10uF 1 See Picture C2 CAPACITOR Capacitor 100n 100n 1 See Picture IC1 IC IC NE555 NE555 1 See Picture LDR1 RESISTOR LDResister-large -1 See Picture LS1 SPEAKER Speaker 8 Ohm 8Ohm 1 See Picture R1 RESISTOR Resistor 1K 1K 1 See Picture

Approximate cost for building this project is Rs 174.00

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package

The IC was designed in 1971 by Hans R. Camenzind under contract to Signetics, which was later acquired by Philips. Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes 25 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).[2]

Variants available include the 556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the two 558 & 559s (both a 16-pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and TR is falling edge sensitive instead of level sensitive). There is no 557. The NE555 parts were commercial temperature range, 0 C to +70 C, and the SE555 part number designated the military temperature range, 55 C to +125 C. These were available in both high-reliability metal can (T package) and inexpensive epoxy plastic (V package) packages. Thus the full part numbers were NE555V, NE555T, SE555V, and SE555T. It has been hypothesized that the 555 got its name from the three 5 k resistors used within,[3] but Hans Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary.[1] Low-power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555 and CMOS TLC555.[4] The 7555 is designed to cause less supply glitching than the classic 555 and the manufacturer claims that it usually does not require a "control" capacitor and in many cases does not require a decoupling capacitor on the power supply. Such a practice should nevertheless be avoided, because noise produced by the timer or variation in power supply voltage might interfere with other parts of a circuit or influence its threshold voltages.

[edit] Usage