INTERNSHIP REPORT

Junaid Sadiq
09-NTU-10
NATIONAL TEXTILE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD
Junaid Sadiq 09-NTU-106

PROCESSING

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this internship. Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, for his supervision and constant support. His invaluable help of constructive comments and suggestions throughout the experimental and practical works have contributed to the success of this Internship. I am highly thank full to the staff member of Kohinoor Textile Mills limited Rawalpindi. Who really cooperated with me and provide me their complete guidance. I would also like to extend my gratitude to our honorable (Manager and Assistants) who helped me a lot to make the things easier for me to understand and the true working of mill and lastly encouraged me at every step to complete this task successfully.

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INTRODUCTION
The Kohinoor Maple Leaf Group was born from the trifurcation of the Saigol group of companies and is a reputable and leading manufacturer of textiles and cement. Kohinoor Maple Leaf Group (KMLG) comprises of Kohinoor Textile Mills limited (KTML) and Maple Leaf Cement factory limited (MLCF). Both companies are incorporated in Pakistan and are listed on three stock exchanges of the country. Kohinoor Textile Mill LTD was established in 1953 at Rawalpindi and is one of the oldest companies of Pakistan with over 50 years experience in textile manufacturing. It was initially set up as a spinning and weaving project with 25,000 spindles and 600 looms. However, after decades of aggressive expansion and modernization KTML has emerged into a fully vertically integrated home textiles company with state of the art capabilities for spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing and stitching. The company has a diverse customer base with sales in both the local and export markets. The main international markets include Asia, Europe, USA and Australia.

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Mission statement
The Company Shall Achieve Its Mission Through A Continuous Process Of Having Sourced, Developed, Implemented And Managed The Best Leading Edge Technology, Industry Best Practice, Human Resource And Innovative Products And Services And Sold These To Its Customers, Suppliers And Stakeholders

The Kohinoor Textile Mills Limited stated vision is to achieve and then remain as the most progressive and profitable Company in Pakistan in terms of industry standards and stakeholders interest.
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CERTIFICATION

SA 8000:2001

Oeko-Tex Standard 100

ISO 9001-2000

HEMA accepted laboratory

Supima

SA 8000-2001 (Weaving Division)

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DEPARMENTAL INFORMATION
In Kohinoor Textile Mill all the departments are performing their relevant functions without any dilemma due to the smooth departmental hierarchy. And functional chain flow is helping workers in carrying out their respective functions properly.
Mission

KTM mission is of continual improvement and sustained growth, and of a family of workers. Who are given the best compensation benefits and working conditions in the region? In this respect, KTM continues to emphasize the need to invest in and develop its most precious resource its human capital. KTM continues to provide training courses and self enhancement Opportunities to all workers in Organization
Organizational Values

Trust.Integrity.Respect
Quality Policy

1. Customers satisfaction 2. Zero Defect/Never Ending Improvement 3. Total Quality Management

Proficient Management

Barcode system that assures quality in every operation of production from spinning to packing Kohinoor Textile Mills is the only textile mill in Pakistan with latest computerized. Products of each department carry bar coded stickers, which bear all the details and history of the operations of that product. Hence if any problem is reported, one can trace back the root of the problem and enable to prevent occurrence of the same in future

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DEPARTMENTAL HIERARCHY

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Departments
Operations

Production PPC I.E. Cutting Quality Control Commercial

Services

HR & Admin IT. Compliance Security Purchases Quality Assurance

Marketing

Merchandising Prod. Dev. Forwarding Procurement

Finance

Accounts Inventory
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Contents
Introduction ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Workplace Learning .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Man:....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Method: ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Material: ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Environment: ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Swot Analysis .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Strengths: ......................................................................................... 34 Weaknesses:..................................................................................... 34 Opportunities:................................................................................... 35 Threats: ............................................................................................. 35 Effect of Energy Crisis on Textile Industry ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. Suggestions ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Conclusion ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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INTRODUCTION
SELF :
My name is Junaid Sadiq and I am doing Textile Engineering (Final year) in textile processing from National Textile University, Faisalabad. I got good positions throughout my academic carrier. I am really thankful of Kohinoor Textile Mill Ltd who gave me an opportunity for internship and to learn lots of practical knowledge there. I joined KTM Ltd as an Internee. In this 4 week internship program, I visited the processing department (pretreatments, dyeing, Printing, finishing, lab) of KTML

KOHINOOR TEXTILE:
CAPACITY

Kohinoor has a state of the art dye house equipped with European and Japanese technology to pre-treat, dye and print fabric with an average weight range of 75gsm to 350gsm. The dyeing and printing capacity is 48 million meters per annum and the capacity for pre-treatment and bleaching is 6 million meters. The maximum width capacity for bleaching is 3.4 meters and for dyeing and printing is 3.2 meters.

TECHNOLOGY

The dyeing range at Kohinoor is designed for continuous dyeing and the different types of dyes used can be adapted to customer requirements. These include Pigment, Reactive, Disperse Reactive, Vat and Disperse dyes. The rotary printing range can print fabric with up to 16 different colors using Pigment, Reactive or Disperse dyes. The pre-treatment, dyeing and printing ranges are fully automated with online monitoring systems to increase productivity and efficiency with the minimization of idle machine time, greater quality control and the reduction of costs in order to remain competitive.

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QUALITY CONTROL

Particular emphasis is given to the handling of fabric and a fully accredited laboratory with a HEMA certification has been set up at site to ensure that all fabric produced meets the highest quality standards and the required specifications

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METHOD
Grieg fabric (form weaving department)

Fabric inspection (to see raw material standards)

Singeing (to remove protruding fibers)

Desizing (for the removal of sizing agents)

Scouring (remove impurities from the fiber)

Bleaching (provides a high degree of whiteness)

Dyeing (to produce dyed goods)

Printing (for introducing color and design to fabric)

Finishing (increase the characteristic properties of fabric)

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Lab Testing(to provide complete information and calculation of the process)

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PROCESSING
Greige Department The process started in Kohinoor Textile Mill from the greige department. The greige department consists of two stories. It consists of one store and rolling machine for batching. Observation First of all customers greige fabric was arrived at greige department. The lot no was given to the fabrics for identification of specific customers cloth by textile marker. Then the greige fabric was stored to upper store through lift. When the processing was given from marketing department to process the specific lot. The lot was shifting to rolling machine from store after stitching .

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Rolling Machine Rolling machine converted the bales of fabric into Batcher. Then the fabric was sent to singeing. Singeing Process In Kohinoor Textiles there are two singeing machines. 1- Osthoff (Germany) 2- Local machine We have study the Osthoff machine. It is a singeing cum desizing machine with latest technology and good results. Machine Design: There are basically two major sections into the machines. 1- Singeing section 2- Desizing section

1- SINGEING SECTION Singeing section is further divided into three parts. a- Pre brushing chamber b- Flame burning chamber c- Post brushing chamber

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A. PRE BRUSHING CHAMBER

Fluff is removed from the fabric in this chamber before fluff is removed from the fabric from entering into flame chamber
B. FLAME BURNING CHAMBER

This part of the machine burns the protruding fibers from fabric which enhance fabric performance.
C.AFTER BRUSHING

When the fabric is come out from burning chamber the traces of separated protruding fiber are still on fibers they are remove after brushing. 2. DESIZING SECTION Desizing section consist of desizing bath, padder and batcher
a. DESIZING BATH

Desizing bath contains the recipes of desizing. In KTML there are two recipes are used.
RECIPE -1

60c' Acid desizing Oxalic acid _______ 6g/l RGN _______ 2g/l ASN ________ 1g/l Kerosene oil_____ 10g/l

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RECIPE -2

Temp-----60*C Enzyme desizing Bectasol PHC __________1g/l RGN ___________2g/l ASN ___________1g/l Bexione NE ___________5g/l Kerosine oil __________10g/l

AUXILIARIES DETAILS
OXALIC ACID

It is used as desizer and it also remove corrosion from the fabric.

KEROSENE OIL

It is used to remove stains and organic matters.

RGN

It is used as washing as well as wetting agent.

ASN

It is also used wetting as well as swelling agent.

BEXION NE

It is used as sequestering in enzyme desizing

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BETASOL PHC

It is used as desizer. It contains both and amylase. 2. PADDER After dipping in the fabric the solution, the fabric is padded through padder.The padding pressure is 0.8-1bar.
3. BATCHER

After padding the fabric roll in a continuous length in a batcher Note After padding the batcher is rotated for 4-6 hrs if desizing through oxalic acid and in case of enzyme desizing the rotation time is 8-12 hrs and batcher is packed with the help of polythene bag.

Bleaching plant
In Kohinoor mills very latest bleaching plant is used of Brugman (Holland). It is a two bath process machine bleaching cum scouring. This plant consists of ten main parts. 1- Scray 2- Pre washers 3- Scouring steamers 4- Scouring bath 5- after scouring washers 6- Bleaching bath 7- Bleaching steamers 8- after bleaching washers 9- Two drying ranges 10- Batching section
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1. Scray:

After rotation 6-8 hrs or 8-12 hrs the batcher is moved to unrolling section of bleaching plant. This part unroll the batcher in a continuous length towards the washers cloth guide is used in this section to guide the path of cloth in right direction.
2. Pre washers

Pre washers consist of two washing tankers and 2 padder. These washers are used to remove the size material which is soluble form present on the fabric after desizing. The temp of water is 90. After each washer the cloth is padded through padder pressure is 1-1.5 bar.
3. Scouring bath

After washes the fabric entered to the scouring. The scouring of the fabric is done to remove the leafy matter, organic material and motes and steins are removed in the process. Scouring recipe is prepared in the stock tanks separated from the plant in 2000 liters.
SCOURING RECIPE (IN 2000 LITERS)

NaOH 2400kg/2000l Na2CO3 120kg/2000l RGN 12kg/2000l ASN 12kg/2000l Sod. per sulphates 24kg/2000l Secron 600 6kg/2000l Note Recipe is prepared with 3:1
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RECIPE FOR 1 LITER

NaoH Na2Co3 RGN ASN Na per sulphate Seqroll 600 Temp

120g/l 60g/l 6g/l 6g/l 12g/l 6g/l 60

4. Scouring steamer

After padding in scouring bath the fabric is moved to scouring steamer with the help of guide rollers. After guide roller it is collected at conveyer belt and then it is again come out to from steamer and move to after washing section. The total time 30 mints required for effecting scouring.
5. After washers

After washing section consist of 3 washers, 2 big and 1 small washers. The temp is about 90.This is used to remove the soap solution and it is easily soluble and remove from fabric.

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6. Bleaching bath

After washing it moved to bleaching bath which contain the recipe of bleaching. The temp is about 30- 40*C. It is used to remove the color compound from fabric and give white color to fabric. The recipe is installed in tank through recipe tanks.
7. Bleaching steamers

In this section temp is maintained 102*C and the total time in fabric is 25m with 85m/mint speed. The time is given to complete removal coloured impurities. Then the fabric move again to washing section after bleaching.
8. After bleaching washers

This section also has 3 washers 2 large and1 small washer. The washers clean the fabric at the time of bleaching at bleaching bath. The temp is greater than 90
9. Drying section

It consists of 1 drying ranges with total 24 drying drums. This section is used to dry the fabric with the help of heated cylinders.
10. Batcher

Then fabric is again rolled in Batcher. The fabric is ready for the next process. Mercerizing is last process in the pretreatment process which is proceed in next step
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Beninger Mercerizing machine

Mercerizing

It is last process in pre treatment of fabrics, it swells the fabric and increase it crystalinity of cellulosic fabric, and thus it also increase the luster of the fabric. This also increase dye ability of fabric. Machine construction It consists of six main parts, 1- Scray 2- Caustic Zone 3- Stabilizing Zone 4- Washer 5- Dying range 6- Batching
1. SCRAY :

A batch fabric in the batcher from the bleaching plant comes to this section which unrolls fabric in continuous form along the length of machine entirely.
2. CAUSTIC ZONE

There are 3 caustic tanks which applied caustic to the fabric. the concentration of caustic is 28 beome which is applied through the inner storage of caustic. The applied caustic was continuously circulated in the 3 tanks through filtration mechanism. This caustic applied at room temperature.
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3. STABLIZING ZONE :

There are 2 recovery tanks which recover the concentration of caustic from the fabric. The temp of these tanks maintained at 60. The water was supplied with the help of shower which remove maximum caustic from fabric. The recovered caustic was stored in inner tanks after filteration it moves to main storage where its concentration was increased.
4. WASHERS

After recovery it moves to washers, it completely neutralized the fabric with the help of water. It consists of 1 pressure washer whose temp is 70 and other 6 ordinary washers whose temp is 90 the padding is done after each washer.
5. DRYING RANGE

The drying range consists of 2 sets of drums 10 on each set; the temp was maintained in drums with the help of steam. This section is used to dry the fabric.
6. BATCHER

At last the fabric was mercerized this was the last step. The fabric was batched now, now the fabric is prepared for the further process such as dyeing or finishing.

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Observation & Calculation BENINGER MERCERIZING

1. DWELLING TIME CAUSTIC

Length of fabric = 40 m, 40s

2. 3. TIME IN RECOVERY TANKS

speed = 60 m/m,

time =

Length of fabric = 21m,

TIME IN WASHER

speed = 6 m/m , time = 21s speed = 60 m/m , time = 94s

Length of fabric = 94m,

4. DRYING RANGE

Length of fabric = 42m, speed = 60 m/m , time = 42s

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COMPARISION OF BENINGER & BRUGMAN MERCERIZING MACHINE

Observations & calculations
BENINGER MERCERIZING MACHINE BEUGMAN MERCERIZING MACHINE

1. CHECK THE MERCERIZING DWELL TIME CAUSTIC TANKS 40 sec 30 sec 2. LENGTH OF THE FABRIC IN MERCERIZING TANKS 40m 22m 3. TIME IN RECOVERY TANKS 21s 22s 4. NO OF ROLLS IN CAUSTIC TANKS 49 rolls + 3 padder 25 rolls + 1 padder 5. NO OF ROLLS ON RECOVER TANKS 30 rolls + 2 padder 17 rolls +padder 6. PADDING PRESSURE 1.5-2.5 bar 2.5-4 bar 7. CONC. OF MERCERIZING TANSK 28bume 28bume 8. RECOVER TANKS 10 bume 10 bume 9. TOTAL LENGTH OF FABRIC IN MACHINE 196 meters 130ters
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TOTAL TIME
196s 195s

Outcomes & Result of pretreatment:

Pretreatment process is used for fabric in textile processing. This process is used to prepare the fabric for dyeing and finishing (for white). Pretreatment removes the protruding fibers, oil, fats, vegetable oil, waxes, natural colour impurities from the fabric, that increase the dye ability of the fabric, which enhance the look, quality and feel of the fabric. Pretreatment process removes the hydrophobic material from the fabric to increase its wetting property. Hydrophobic materials include waxes, oil or other organic matter. Pretreatment is done also to remove the colour impurities from the fabric and gives white colour to the fabric that helps to dye the fabric of any colour. Pretreatment also gives luster, soft feel and swelling of the fiber in fabric. It also removes the size material which is highly hydrophobic and makes the fabric hydrophilic.

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Following process are used to enhance the quality of fabric 1. Singeing 2. Desizing 3. Scouring 4. Bleaching 5. Mercerizing

Dyeing:
Dyeing is a process of adding colour on the fabric. In Ahmad Jamal Textile Mills fabric is dyed after mercerizing. The dyeing is done by exhaust method . The following machinery is used in mill for dying: 1. Jet Machine 2. Jigger machine 3. Pad batch Machine 4. Pad Steam Machine.
1. JET MACHINE DYEING:

Fabric is placed in a heated tube where jets of dye solution are forced through it at high pressures. The fabric too moves along the tube. The solution moves faster than the cloth while coloring it thoroughly. Let machine is used for the dyeing of polyester fabric. Disperse dye is used for polyester. Capacity of the fabric in the machine 200 Kg

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RECIPE: Acetic Acid ___________ 500 gm Glycol _________________ 500 gm Ph 56 Temp 130* C Dye________________on the weight of fabric

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2. JIGGER MACHINE :

Jigger dyeing is used for the dyeing of cotton. Jigger machine is suitable for direct, reactive & vat dyes.

3.PAD BATCH MACHINE :

Pad Batch Dyeing is one of the widely used techniques for semicontinuous dyeing process. It is mainly used in the dyeing of cellulosic fibre like cotton or viscose (knit and woven fabric) with reactive dyes. Pad batch dyeing is a textile dyeing process that offers some unique advantages in the form of versatility, simplicity, and flexibility and a substantial reduction in capital investment for equipment. It is primarily a cold method that is the reason why it is sometimes referred to as the cold pad batch dyeing.

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4. PAD STEAM PAD BATCH MACHINE:

1) Fabric is first padded in a padder with the dye. 2) It is then passed through between two squeezing roller in a dryer. Drying should be done slowly; otherwise precipitation of dye due to quick removal of water may take place leading to lower color value. 3) After coming out from dryer fabric is padded in a padder containing salt and alkali. Due to salt exhaustion of dye takes place and due to alkali fixation occurs.

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4) Fabric then passed through a steamer where it is kept for 15-19 second. Due to high temperature here fixation rate increases. 5) In this step fabric is washed in a washing machine to remove the unfixed dye

4.Finishing: The final touch to the fabric during production in processing unit is called finishing. Finishing is done on stenter machines.

FINISHING MATERIALS:1) FILLERS:-

Fillers are used to increase the weight of the fabric by filling the spaces between the warp and weft. These are used when the weight of the fabric is less than required specs of the customers. These are mostly PVA types.
2) BINDERS:-

These are used to increase the pilling resistance of the fabric. These are polyacrylates type. These mostly give harsh feel.
BINDER PMS: -

It is a soft binder used for cross linking, and for increasing the pilling resistance. pH = 7-8 Solid Content = 30-35% Physical appearance = Milky white
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3) SOFTENER:-

They contain emulsifying agents and are of following types. They smoothes the hand feel, increase the pilling resistance. Increases the tear and tensile strength, but decreases the seam slippage. They degrade the color properties.
A) Silicon softeners:-

Micro Softeners Arristan 66 (Best) 10g/l. CRE- Finish 50 15g/l. Tests:1) Take the weight of the sample before and after applying the softener to the sample. 2) Drop test: check the absorbency of the sample before and after applying the softener to the sample. 3) Hand feel 4) Take GSM of the sample before and after applying the softener to the sample. 5) Check the Tear and Tensile strength of the sample before and after applying the softener to the sample. Macro Softeners
B) Polyethylene Softeners:-

They reduce the tear and tensile strength of the fabric. Perapet-F-PEB 10g/l. Poly arin PEN 10g/l.
C) PVA ( poly vinyl acetate):-

Appreton MB extra 40g/l. Appreton CTM

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Procedure: Apply the finishes to the sample Pad them then dry at 150C for 30-40 sec. The machine used for this process is stenter machine

CHEMICALS
There are many chemicals that are being used in CTM. Some of them are below: Dyes Electrolytes Sequestering agents Wetting agents Urea Softeners Stiffeners Thickeners Adhesive agents Acids PVA Bleaching agents Caustic Finishing Agents Pigments Binder

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DYEING AND PRINTING DEPARTMENT

Kohinoor has a state of the art dye house equipped with European and Japanese technology to pre-treat, dye and print fabric with an average weight range of 75gsm to 350gsm. The dyeing and printing capacity is 48 million meters per annum and the capacity for pre-treatment and bleaching is 6 million meters. The maximum width capacity for bleaching is 3.4 meters and for dyeing and printing is 3.2 meters. The dyeing range at Kohinoor is designed for continuous dyeing and the different types of dyes used can be adapted to customer requirements. These include Pigment, Reactive, Disperse Reactive, Vat and Disperse dyes. The rotary printing range can print fabric with up to 16 different colours using Pigment, Reactive or Disperse dyes. The pre-treatment, dyeing and printing ranges are fully automated with online monitoring systems to increase productivity and efficiency with the minimization of idle machine time, greater quality control and the reduction of costs in order to remain competitive. Particular emphasis is given to the handling of fabric and a fully accredited laboratory with a HEMA certification has been set up at site to ensure that all fabric produced meets the highest quality standards and the required specifications

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ENVIORNMENT

Environment has a great impact on the working of employees. I observed some elements of environmental conditions in processing department, these are: Learning environment Cooperative staff Friendly Environment Proper arrangements for safety Separate offices for different departments Very neat and clean department Every one follows the rules and regulation set by the HR department

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SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths: Highly qualified management Adequate financial resources Adopting information technology Skilled Labor Imported machinery Completes its task in time Employees get their salaries in time Design studio is equipped with latest technology Very organized and well maintained Proper planning and system for everything Very strict security system Competent staff working for the progress of the company

Weaknesses:

High cost of production Non-Corporative culture Insufficient benefits for the employees Only one female employee in Processing No proper planning for interns No common room for females in processing department Less chances of promotions for employees Employees are demotivated due to low salary packages and increments Working relation between subsections of processing lacks in social relations Centralized decision making

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Opportunities: Increase & expand business all over the world. The demand of its products is high in international market. Full potential of entertaining the local market. Can reduce the cost by proper utilization of resources. Moving into new market segments that offer improved profits A new international market A market vacated by an ineffective competitor Long term loans are easily available. Company can expand its operations easily. Devaluation of rupee made Pakistani export more acceptable to the foreign buyers. There is a chance to compete better now. Govt.s pre import-export policy for cotton is also in favor of Crescent Textile Mills. Large scope for technical textile linked with growing industrialization, large infrastructure projects in stream

Threats: High cotton prices crop shortfall energy cost increases due to Gas load shedding Consistent increase in utilities cost Increase in minimum wage rates Political instability WTO rules & regulations International labor and Environmental Laws Peace and Political uncertainty illiteracy rate in Pakistan and unskilled labor Change of government policies Low price offered by competitor

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EFFECT OF ENERGY CRISIS ON PAKISTAN INDUSTRY

Pakistans textile industry, one of the largest in the world, is the mainstay of our economy, and a major contributor to our foreign-exchange earnings and creation of new jobs, but is struggling due to the critical shortage of energy supply. Despite the presence of many natural resources, we are unable to generate sufficient energy due to a lack of political will, bad governance and administrative inabilities. Shortages of electricity and gas have forced hundreds of units to shut down in a country with an already crippled and debt-ridden economy, with an unknown number of units about to suffer the same fate. Foreign importers whose export orders are not met within a specific time period divert their orders to other countries like India and Bangladesh. The result is that every year the country loses export orders worth millions of dollars. Surprisingly, this issue is still left unresolved due to the governments refusal to recognize that the textile industry is being forced to operate at a level well below its capacity. The Pakistani textile industry has had a golden opportunity to capture markets lost by Chinese producers because of rising wage pressures in China and the appreciation of the yarn. But the local industry hasnt been able to seize this advantage. Instead, Bangladesh and Cambodia have increased sales of apparel as Pakistani manufacturers struggle with energy shortages. The worsening oil crisis, depleting gas reserves and the water shortage have all contributed to the aggravation of the situation. Before this situation gets out of control, effective measures and planning to address the crisis from all ends is an urgent need within the hour. An energy starved economy fails to attract foreign investment. The countrys poor economic conditions have not only kept foreign investors away, they have discouraged local investors as well. When the conditions for the industrial sector are unhealthy in a country, the inflow of foreign money to the country has slowed, causing a decline in foreign reserves. This decline in foreign reserves compels the country to seek loans from foreign donors. The condition of the textile industry due to the energy crisis is a heart-wrenching story. Pakistans ruling class needs to pay attention to its rapidly deteriorating condition. On an international platform, countries with potential seem to be engaged in a race with each other to secure oil wells and are investing heavily in the energy sector to secure their future and economic survival. Sadly, Pakistani politicians are ignoring the very significance of the energy sector. They should open their eyes to this significance. It is imperative to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the textile industry on independent feeders for both prime and non-prime users.
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SUGGESTIONS
The availability of grey fabric of better quality free from irrecoverable faults should be ensured. Computer range of all dyes should be available. There is a great need to uplift the proper functioning of quality control department by providing well trained persons in all departments for each shift, having more authorities. Working relation between subsections of processing lacks in social relations. The mech. & elect. Departments should make sure the proper & regular maintenance of all machines. Educated staff & workers should be preferred. To improve the overall performance and efficiency, the workers should be motivated by providing some incentives regularly. The training of staff and workers is required to improve and modernize the techniques of processing. Although quality check is very fine yet there is room for further improvement. There should also be a mercerizing range for obtaining better dyeing results. It will also ensure to dye heavy qualities. There is also a problem of work overload for the employees and it should be control properly so that the employees are motivated. Importance should be given to employees turnover. Lab must be facilitated more, to meet the modern requirement.
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CONCLUSION
From my experience of six weeks in this organization I have learnt many things. The most important is that practical professional life is very hectic, competitive and tough. The best thing, which I am able to find out, is that the stronger the culture of the organization better will be the productivity. In textile sector the thing of immense importance is how well the organizational personnel communicate with each other. There is no room for personal grudges because each and every one depends on each other if any one screw up the whole organization suffers. The overall analysis is indicating that the company's progress has mainly attained through dedication of employees. The effectiveness of its management, their willingness to take advantage of opportunities and face challenges of changing economic picture, this all contributes to the very much improved and sound position of company. This is really appreciable for the devotion and hard work of all the employees of the company.

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References:

www.kohinoorweaving.com

www.yidio.com

www.kmlg.com/pk

www.bayrozgar.com/companies.../Kohinoor-Textile-mills-9386.html www.pakistanbusinessjournal.com/.../kohinoor-textile-mills-ltd_1900...

panjiva.com/Kohinoor-Textile-Mills-Limited/1531472

www.google.com

www.wiki pedia.com

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