Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre

City Diplomacy
Compilation: Ali Molenaar, Library and Documentation Centre Clingendael Institute, July 1, 2010 Your comments and additions to this list are very welcome: amolenaar@clingendael.nl Most of the literature in this list is not available in the library of the Institute. The series of Diplomacy literaturelists consists of: Branding, Citizen and Track II diplomacy, City Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Economic diplomacy, European level diplomacy and the European diplomatic service, Public Diplomacy, Negotiation, Negotiation techniques and Diplomatic Relations, Negotiation, Culture and Intercultural Communication, Nederland: diplomatieke betrekkingen, Soft power and public diplomacy in (East) Asia, United States: diplomatic relations. For more information visit our website: www.clingendael.nl/library

ALGER, CH.F. (1990): The world relations of cities: closing the gap between social science paradigms and everyday human experience, in: INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, 34(4) December: 493-518 AMIN, A.; THRIFT, N. (2005): Citizens of the world: seeing the city as a site of international influence, in: HARVARD INTERNATIONAL REVIEW, 27(3) Fall ANDRANOVICH, G.; BURBANK, M.J.; HEYING, CH.H. (2001): Olympic cities: lessons learned from mega-event politics, in: JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, 23(2): 113-131. (CE1109) ANHOLT, S. [ED.] (2007): The role of culture in branding places [special issue], in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 3(4) October: 268-331. ASKVIK, S. (1999): Twinning in Norwegian development assistance: a response to Jones and Blunt, in: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 19(4): 403-408 AVRAHAM, E.; KETTER, E. (2008): Will we be safe there?: analysing strategies for altering unsafe place images, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 4(3) August: 196-204. AVRAMOPOULOS, D.L. (2003): International implementation of cities diplomacy, in: DEVELOPMENT OUTREACH, November 2003, at http://www1.worldbank.org/devoutreach/nov03/index.asp, 11 December 2006. (CE772) BERG, D. VAN DEN (2008): City diplomacy campaigns in the Netherlands: lessons from recent times, in: City diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peace-building, post-conflict reconstruction / ed. by A. Musch. - The Hague: VNG, June. - p. 75-103. (B-A 235) BERG, D. VAN DEN [ED.] (1996): Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European Cities. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre. (B-S 319) BERGH, H. VAN DEN (1982): Gemeenteraden en buitenlandse politiek, in: ATLANTISCH PERSPEKTIEF, (2) 9-10. BERGQVIST, R. (2009): Place marketing in a logistics context: a Swedish case study and discourse, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(1) February: 54-66. BETSILL, M.; BULKELEY, H. (2006): Cities and the multilevel governance of global climate change, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, 12(2), 141-159. BETSILL, M.M. (2001): Acting locally, does it matter globally? The contribution of U.S. cities to global climate change mitigation, Paper prepared for the Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 6-8 October. BILDER, R.B. (1989): The role of states and cities in foreign relations, in: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 83(4) 821-831 BLANK, Y. (2006): Localism in the new global legal order, in: HARVARD INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL, 47(1): 263-281. BLANK, Y. (2006): The city and the world, COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 44(3), 875-939. BOLKESTEIN, F. (1982): Dwaze fratsen in Hellevoetsluis, in ATLANTISCH PERSPEKTIEF, (2) 10-11. BONTENBAL, M.C. (2006): Understanding city-to-city cooperation: north-south partnerships of local authorities as development modality. - Utrecht : KNAG Developing Areas Study Group. - 10 p. - (CE725) BOURGS-MAUNOURY, M.; LUECKE, B. (1992): A Europe of Towns and Cities: a Practical Guide to Town-twinning. - European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE). BRABAZON, T. (2009): Brand Wellington: when city imaging is GLAM'ed; a personal view, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(4) November: 260-275. BRENNER, N. (1999): Globalisation as reterritorialisation: the re-scaling of urban governance in the European Union, in: URBAN STUDIES. 36(3), 431-451.

 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre BRZOSKA, M. (1979): Die Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Hamburg und Afrika: Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven. - Hamburg: Institut fr Afrika-Kunde, im Verbund der Stiftung Deutsches bersee-Institut. BUIS, H. (2001): Handboek gemeentelijke internationale samenwerking. - Den Haag: VNG uitgeverij (B-J 226) BURGMER, I.M. (1989): Stdtepartnerschaften als neues Element der innerdeutschen Beziehungen. Bonn: Forschungsinstitut der deutschen Gesellschaft fr auswrtige Politik (KCD AIP55) BUSH, K. (2008): The peace-building role of local governments, in: City diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peace-building, post-conflict reconstruction / ed. by A. Musch. - The Hague: VNG, June. - p. 105-121. (B-A 235) BUSH, K. (2003): Building capacity for peace and unity: the role of local government in peace-building. Ontario: Federation of Canadian Municipalities. CALMY-REY, M. [ET AL.] (2007): "Soft" governance. - Genve: Fondation pour Genve, April. - 119 p. (B-R 454) CAMPBELL, T.E.; MARJANOVIC, S. (2004): The city to city challenge in Ghana, Morocco, Tajikistan, and the United States. World Bank, visited November 13, 2007,
http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/12/01/000090341_20041201141159/Rendered/PDF/307620MDG0Ci ty020City01See0also0307591.pdf

CAMPEN, B. VAN (1996): City link The Hague-Warsaw, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 63-74. (B-S 319) CHOPRA, J.; HOHE, T. (2004): Participatory intervention, in: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 10(3): 289-305 CHURCH, A.; REID, P. (2002): Local democracy, cross-border collaboration and the internationalisation of local government, in: Globalism and local democracy: challenge and change in Europe and North America / ed. by R. Hambleton, H.V. Savitch, M. Stewart. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 201-216 CITYNET: building partnerships through city-to-city cooperation (2002), in: HABITAT DEBATE, 8(3) September, visited November 13, 2007: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=1949&alt=1 CLARKE, S.E.; GAILE, G.L. (2005): Local politics in a global era: thinking locally, act globally, in: The urban geography reader / ed. by N.R. Fyfe; J.T. Kenny. London: Routledge: 159-167 CLARKE, S.E. (2002): Globalism and cities: a north American perspective, in: Globalism and local democracy: challenge and change in Europe and North America / ed. by R. Hambleton, H.V. Savitch, M. Stewart. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 30-50 COAFFEE, J.; HAM, P. VAN (2008): "Security branding": the role of security in marketing the city, region or state, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 4(3) August: 191-195. COAFFEE, J.; ROGERS, P. (2008): Reputational risk and resiliency: the branding of security in placemaking, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 4(3) August: 205-217. COMMUNITIES and Local Governments (2006), Olympic Opportunities, at http://communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1502419, 22 February 2007. COOLSAET, R. (2004): The transformation of diplomacy at the threshold of the new millennium, in Chr. Johnsson and R. Langhorne (eds), Diplomacy, Volume III: Problems and issues in contemporary diplomacy. - London: Sage: 1-25. CRAHAN, M.; VOURVOULIAS-BUSH, A. [EDS.] (1997): The city and the world: New York's global future. - New York: Council on Foreign Relations (B-C 148) CREMER, R.D, BRUIN, A. DE; DUPUIS, A. (2001): International sister-cities: bridging the global-local divide, in: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, 60(1) 377-401 DAHN, U. (1991): Hanover and Great Britain, 1740-1760: diplomacy and survival. - Leicester [etc.]: Leicester University Press. DARAMOLA-MARTIN, A. (2009): Liverpool One and the transformation of a city: place branding, marketing and the catalytic effects of regeneration and culture on repositioning Liverpool, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(4) November: 301-311. DEKKER, L. (1990): Stedenbanden met Oost-Europa, in OOST-EUROPA VERKENNINGEN, (108) april: 49-54. DEKKER, L.; KNIP, P. (1990): Nederlandse gemeenten en Oost-Europa. - Den Haag: VNG (KCA734) DENNING, B.D.; MCCALL, J.H. (2000): States' rights and foreign policy: some things should be left to Washington, in: FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 79(1) January-February: 9-14. DESCHOUWER, K. (1994): Haalt Brussel de volgende eeuw?, in INTERNATIONALE SPECTATOR, 48(10) oktober: 483-485.

 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre

DIECKMANN, B.; HOHN-BERGHORN (2004): Kommunale Zusammenarbeit in der Praxis: Bonn und seine Projektpartnerstadt Ulan Bator, in AUS POLITIK UND ZEITGESCHICHTE, (B 15-16/2004) 5. April: 28-32. DOGLIANI, P. (2002): European municipalism in the first half of the twentieth century: the socialist network, in: CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN HISTORY, 11(4) November: 573-596 DOUGLASS, M. (2002): From global intercity competition to cooperation for livable cities and economic resilience in Pacific Asia, in: ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION, 14(1) 53-68 DUCHACEK, I., ET AL. (1988), Perforated sovereignties and international relations: trans-sovereign contacts of subnational governments (New York: Greenwood Press). EVALUATIE gemeentelijke internationale samenwerking onderzoek in Nederland: werkrapport in het kader van het IOB onderzoek naar gemeentelijke internationale samenwerking. - Rotterdam: SEOR + Ecorys-NEI, september 2003. - 76 p. (CA1294) EVALUATION of the Dutch municipal international co-operation programme. - Rotterdam: SEOR + Ecorys-NEI, September 2003. - 61 p. (CA1293) EVERTS, PH.P. (1977): De spraakmakende gemeente en het buitenlands beleid: enige resultaten van een onderzoek naar de binnenlandse benvloeding van het buitenlands beleid in Nederland, in Parlementen, partijen en buitenlandse politiek: een discussie. - Baarn: In den Toren: 64-100. (B-I 122) FLOREK, M.; INSCH, A.; GNOTH, J. (2006): City Council websites as a means of place brand identity communication, in PLACE BRANDING, 2(4) October: 276-296 FRINKING, A.B.M. (1982): Buitenlands beleid in de gemeente, in ATLANTISCH PERSPEKTIEF, (2): 79. FRY, E.H. (1998): The expanding role of state and local governments in U.S. Foreign Affairs. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. GALTUNG, J. (2000): Local authorities as peace factors/actors/workers, in: JOURNAL OF WORLD SYSTEMS RESEARCH, 6(3): 860-872, at http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol6/number3/pdf/jwsr-v6n3-gaultung.pdf GALTUNG, J. (2003): Cities as peace factors/actors/workers, at http://www.transcend.org/t_database/articles.php?ida=111 , 27 September 2006. GEMEENTEN en buitenlands beleid. - Den Haag: Vereniging van Christen-Democratische gemeente- en provinciebestuurders, december 1988. - 24 p. (CB222) GERLINGS, B.; BERG, D. VAN DEN (1996): Rotterdam's contacts with Central and Eastern europe, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 7592. (B-S 319) GLOCALISATION: research study and policy recommendations; edited by CERFE in cooperation with the Glocal Forum and the Think Tank on Glocalization. - Rome: Glocal forum, May 2003. - 124 p. (CE772) GOORDEN, C.P.J. (1989): Grensoverschrijdende samenwerking tussen gemeenten: barrires in het Europa zonder grenzen, in Themis en Europa: een opening van nieuwe grenzen? / red. A.A. Franken; P.C. Gilhuis; J.A.F. Peters. - Zwolle: Tjeenk Willink: p. 99-112. (B-U 163) GOUDOEVER, A. VAN (1982): Cluy: de Transsylvaanse konnektie: universitaire uitwisseling tussen Nederland en Roemeni, in OOST-EUROPA VERKENNINGEN, (60) april: 23-26. GRAHAM, K.A.; PHILLIPS, S.D.: Citizen engagement. - Institute of Public Administration of Canada, zonder jaar. GUAY, T. (2000), Local government and global politics: the implications of Massachusetts Burma law, in: POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY, 115(3) 353-376 HAM, P. VAN (2008): Place branding within a security paradigm: concepts and cases, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 4(3) August: 240-251. HAMBLETON, R., SAVITCH, H.V.; STEWART, M. [EDS.](2002): Globalism and local democracy: challenge and change in Europe and North America. - New York: Palgrave MacMillan HAMBLETON, R., SAVITCH, H.V.; STEWART, M. (2002): Globalism and local democracy, in: Globalism and local democracy: challenge and change in Europe and North America / ed. by R. Hambleton, H.V. Savitch, M. Stewart. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 1-18 HAMEL, S.; GIROUX, R. (2004) A practical guide to succesfull municipal cooperation. Ottawa: Federation of Canadian Municipalities (CE773) HARDON, M. (1983): Gemeente en buitenlandse politiek: kent de gemeente haar grenzen?, in INTERNATIONALE SPECTATOR, 37(10) oktober: 642-645. HEMERT, CHR. VAN (2008): A case study in city diplomacy: the Municipal Alliance for Peace in the Middle East, in: City diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peace-building, postconflict reconstruction / ed. by A. Musch. - The Hague: VNG, June. - p. 165-188. (B-A 235) 3

 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre HERINGA, A.W.; KNOOP PATHUIS, T. (1989): De gemeente en het buitenlands beleid, in NJCMBULLETIN, 14(6) september: 667-674. HEWITT, T. (1999): Cities working to improve urban services in developing areas: the Toronto-Sao Paulo Example, STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 34(1), 27-44. HEWITT, W.E. (1996): International municipal exchange as a catalyst for South-North technology and information transfer: a case study from the Americas, in: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, 17(2), 293-311 HEWITT, W.E. (1998): The role of international municipal cooperation in housing the developing worlds urban poor: the Toronto-So Paulo example, in: HABITAT INTERNATIONAL, 22(4), 411-427 HEWITT, W.E. (1999): Municipalities and the "new" internationalism: cautionary notes from Canada, in: CITIES: THE INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY ON URBAN POLICY, 16(6): 435-444. (CE349) HEWITT, W.E. (1999): The administrative impact of international municipal cooperation on Canadian cities and towns: an assessment, in: CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, 42(3) Fall, 312-330 HEWITT, W.E. (2000): International municipal cooperation: an enabling approach to development for small and intermediate urban centres?, in THIRD WORLD PLANNING REVIEW, 22(3), 335-360 HEWITT, W.E. (2001): Confronting the challenges of urban development in So Paulo: the operaes interligadas/urbanas, in: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 233-243 HEWITT, W.E. (2002): Partnership as process: municipal co-operation for international development, in: CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, 23(2): 225-247 HEWITT, W. E. (2004): Improving citizen participation in local government in Latin America through international cooperation: a case study, in: DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE 14(5): 619-632. HOBBS, H.H. (1994): City Hall goes abroad: the foreign policy of local politics. - Sage Publications. HOCKING, B. (1993): Localizing foreign policy: non-central governments and multilayered diplomacy (London: Macmillan). HOCKING, B. (1999), Patrolling the frontier: globalization, localization and the actorness of noncentral governments, in Fransisco Aldecoa and Michael Keating (eds), Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments (London: Frank Cass), 17-40. HONEY, T. (2002): Sister Cities International, in: HABITAT DEBATE, 8(3) September, visited November 13, 2007: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=1949&alt=1 HOOGBERGEN, M. (1996): The environment and city links with Eastern Europe, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 161-178. (B-S 319) HORA, E.; KOOYMAN, A.; HEEKE, C. (1996): City links from smaller cities: participants views from Brielle and Barendrecht, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 93-113. (B-S 319) HORN, J. (1997): Auf dem Weg zur EURO-Stadt? die deutsch-polnische Zusammenarbeit in den an Oder und Neisse geteilten Stdten, in BERICHTE DES BUNDESINSTITUTS FUR OSTWISSENSCHAFTLICHE UND INTERNATIONALE STUDIEN, (Sonderverffentlichung) September: 30 p. HOSPERS, G.-J. (2009): Lynch, Urry and city marketing: taking advantage of the city as a built and graphic image, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(3) August: 226-233. HUDSON, M.; HAWKINS, N. (2006): A tale of two cities: a commentary on historic and current marketing strategies used by the Liverpool and Glasgow regions, in PLACE BRANDING, 2(1) April: 155176 HULL, C. (1935): Port cities in our international relations. Address before the Conference of seaport cities on international trade, New York city, June 12, 1935. - Washington, U.S. Govt. print off. HUMMEL, G.J. (1970): The sister city and citizen diplomacy, in: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CULTURAL EXCHANGE, 6(2), Fall, 20-30 IKUTA, TAKAFUMI; YUKAWA, KOU; HAMASAKI, HIROSHI (2007): Regional branding measures in Japan: efforts in 12 major prefectural and city governments, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 3(2) April: 131-143. JASPERS, A.PH.C.M.; KLOSSE, S. (1991): De gemeenten en de sociale dimensie van Europa 1992, in Europa binnen het bestuur: essay-bundel / eindred. N.F. Roest; K.J.M. Mortelmans; A.P. Oele ... [et al.]. Den Haag: SDU: 211-263. (B-U 51) JONES, M.L.; BLUNT, P. (1999): Twinning as a method of sustainable institutional capacity building, in: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 19(4): 381-402

 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre JONES, M.L. (2001): Sustainable organizational capacity building: is organizational learning a key?, in: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, 12(1) February: 91-98 (CE528) JONG, TH. DE (1991): De ambassadeurs: verre vrienden van Rotterdam: twaalf in Nederland geaccrediteerde topdiplomaten geven als 'verre vrienden van Rotterdam' hun visie op: Rotterdam/Europoort - 'Gateway to Europe'. - Alphen aan den Rijn: Canaletto. - 137 p. KAVARATZIS, M. (2009): Cities and their brands: lessons from corporate branding, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(1) February: 26-37. KAVARATZIS, M.; ASHWORTH, G.J. (2006): City branding: an effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick, in PLACE BRANDING, 2(3) July: 183-194 KAVARATZIS, M. (2004): From city marketing to city branding: towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands, in PLACE BRANDING, 1(1) November: 58-73 KEATING, M. (1999), Regions and international affairs: motives, opportunities and strategies, in Fransisco Aldecoa and Michael Keating (eds), Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments (London: Frank Cass), 1-17. KESSEN, A.A.L.G.M. (1992): Bestuurlijke vernieuwing in grensgebieden: intergemeentelijke grensoverschrijdende samenwerking in het Nederlands/Belgisch grensgebied. - Kloosterzande: Duerinck (B-W 129) KING, A.D. (1990): Global cities: post-imperialism and the internationalization of London. - London [etc.]: Routledge. KINKELDER, E. DE; SCHENNINK, B. (1996): East-West school links and city links, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 179-192. (B-S 319) KLEM, M.; FRERKS, G. (2008): How local governments contribute to peace-building, in: City diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peace-building, post-conflict reconstruction / ed. by A. Musch. - The Hague: VNG, June. - p. 47-73. (B-A 235) KLEM, M. (2008): Local governments building peace in eastern Croatia, in: City diplomacy: the role of local governments in conflict prevention, peace-building, post-conflict reconstruction / ed. by A. Musch. The Hague: VNG, June. - p. 141-163. (B-A 235) KLODZINSKI, M.; OKUNIEWSKI, J. [RED.] (1994): Multifunktionelle Entwicklung der lndlichen Rume in den Grenzgebieten: Studie am Beispiel der Gemeinde Mysliborz. - Warszawa: Friedrich-EbertStiftung Niederlassung Polen (3 H 78) KNOX, P.L.; TAYLOR, P.J. [EDS.] (1995): World cities in a world-system. - Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press. KOX, H.; HEERINGS, H. (1988): Ekonomische banden tussen Amsterdam en de Derde Wereld: stand van zaken en perspektieven voor gemeentelk beleid: eindrapport. - Amsterdam: SOMO. KRABBENDAM, H. (2005): Capital diplomacy: consular activity in Amsterdam and New York, 1800 1940, in: Amsterdam - New York: transatlantic relations and urban identities since 1653 / ed. by G. Harinck; H. Krabbendam. - Amsterdam: VU uitgeverij, 2005. - p.167-181. (CE777) KUEHN, CHR. (1997): Public relations als kommunikatives Handlungskonzept im Stadtmarketing: eine Analyse der Funktion und Aufgabe kommunaler PR am Beispiel kultureller Aufgaben. - Konstanz: [s.n.]. LAAKSONEN, P. [ET AL.] (2006): Measuring image of a city: a qualitative approach with case example, in PLACE BRANDING, 2(3) July: 210-219 LANGE, C. DE (1993): Lagere overheden lobbyen voor EG-subsidies, in: Nederlandse lobby's in Europa / red. M.P.C.M. van Schendelen. - Den Haag: SDU: 219-250. (B-V 64) LANGHORNE, R. (2005): The diplomacy of non-state actors, in: DIPLOMACY AND STATECRAFT, 16(2), 331-339. LEE, HONGJU; JAIN, D. (2009): Dubai's brand assessment success and failure in brand management: part 1, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(3) August: 234-246. LAU, F.; LEUNG, A. (2005): Design and city branding: from school to city, in PLACE BRANDING, 1(3) July: 265-272 LECOURS, A. (2002): Paradiplomacy: reflections on the foreign policy and international relations of regions, INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATION 7(1): 91-114. LEE, HONGJU J. (2009): Dubai's brand assessment success and failure in brand management - part 2: negative factors reduce Dubai's competitiveness, in: PLACE BRANDING AND PUBLIC DIPLOMACY, 5(4) November: 312-324. LEUR, H. VAN DER (1995): Rotterdam wereldwd: de internationale betrekkingen van Rotterdam. Rotterdam: Voorlichting Bestuursdienst, Stadhuis Rotterdam. 5

 Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Library and Documentation Centre LO, FU-CHEN; YEUNG, YUE-MAN [EDS.] (1997): Emerging World Cities in Pacific Asia. - United Nations University Press. LO, FU-CHEN; YEUNG, YUE-MAN [EDS.] (1998): Globalization and the world of large. - Tokyo [etc.]: United Nations University Press. LOMMEN, A.; MEER, F.-B. VAN DER (1996): Dutch city twinning with Eastern Europe: an inventory of innovative elements, in: Winning by twinning: experiences and evaluations of links between Dutch and East and Central European cities / ed. by D. van den Berg; F.-B. van der Meer; B. Schennink. - Nijmegen: Peace Research Centre: 33-45. (B-S 319) LOUW, A. VAN DER (1977): Rotterdam en Chili, Rotterdam en Stevin, in INTERNATIONALE SPECTATOR, 31(6) juni: 363-364. LIEBERUM, A. (2002): The Bremen Initiative, in: HABITAT DEBATE, 8(3) September Visited November 13, 2007: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=1949&alt=1 LUISONI, E.; MILBERT, I. (2002): Genevas unique position, in: HABITAT DEBATE, 8(3) September. Visited November 13, 2007: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=1949&alt=1 MAMADOUH, V.M. (2002). Twinning cities and towns. Localizing international relations or globalizing localties? Fourth European Social science history conference. Workshop Challenging territorial states. Global relations of cities and regions in historical perspective. Den Haag, The Netherlands, 27 February-2 March. MARTINS, L. (2004): Bidding for the Olympics: a local affair? Lessons learned from the Paris and Madrid 2012 Olympic bids, paper presented at the conference entitled City Futures, 8-10 July 2004, Chicago, at
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