Basic Parts of Speech Objective: Identify and properly use the 8 basic parts of speech.

This module is a review of the basic parts of speech. There are many parts of speech but for this module, the following parts of speech shall be included: 1. nouns 2. pronouns 3. verbs 4. adverbs 5. adjectives 6. prepositions 7. conjunctions 8. interjections Nouns: There are many different kinds of nouns. For this module, we are going to discuss the proper, common, concrete, abstract, and collective types of nouns. Proper Nouns - refer to a specific person, place or things, and usually have a name. - always capitalized Examples: Emilio, Balagtas, Malacaang Palace, etc. Common Nouns - refer generally to a person, place or thing. - not capitalized because they are not specific names of persons, places or things. Examples: dog, street, sidecar, man, etc. Concrete Nouns - refer to a person, place or thing that can be seen, touched, tasted, heard or smelled. Examples: fog, fried chicken, cat, etc. Abstract Nouns - refer to an idea, feeling, emotion, or quality. These are things which cannot be seen, touched, tasted, heard or smelled.

Examples: dreams, fear, security, etc. Collective Nouns - refer to a group of people, places or things. Examples: family, crowd, team, etc.

Exercise 1: Identify the nouns in each sentence by clicking on the word which you think is a noun. The underlined words are indicated as the correct answer or answers. If your answer is correct, the message Correct! will appear. If the answer is incorrect, the message Try Again! will appear. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Singular Nouns - refer to one place, person, or thing. The articles "a," "an," and "the" usually comes before a singular noun. Examples: a ball, a dog, a jeep, and a girl.

Exercise 2: Identify the singular nouns in each sentence by clicking on it. The underlined words are indicated as the correct answer or answers. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked. If the answer is incorrect, there will be no reaction nor changes in the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Plural Nouns - refer to more than one person, place or thing. - they are identified by the -s and -es at the end of the word. Examples: magazines, boys, trucks, clothes, etc.

Exercise 3: Identify the plural nouns in each sentence by clicking on it. The underlined words are indicated as the correct answer or answers. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked. If the answer is incorrect, there will be no reaction nor changes in the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence. Pronouns - likely the same as nouns.

- they too refer to a person, place or thing. - can also either be singular or plural pronoun Kinds of Pronouns: 1. First Person Pronoun: Examples - I, me, mine, my 2. Second Person Pronoun - Examples - You, your, yours 3. Third Person Pronoun - Examples - He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its

Exercise 4: Identify the pronouns in each sentence by clicking on it. The underlined words are indicated as the correct answer or answers. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked. If the answer is incorrect, there will be no reaction nor changes in the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Personal Pronouns - Plural: like nouns, these refer to groups of people, places or things. Types of Personal Plural Pronouns: 1. First Personal: Examples - We, us, our, ours 2. Second Personal: Examples - You, your, yours 3. Third Personal: Examples - They, them, their, theirs

Verbs - are action words. - tells something about the subject or topic of the sentence. - shows actions, events, or states of being. Active voice of the verb: 1. I drive to the office everyday. I is the subject. Drive is the verb. Mother and father are the subjects. Sing

2. Mother and father sing at schurch every Sunday. is the verb.

Passive voice of the verb: In the passive voice of the verb, the verb acts upon the subject. At the same time, the subject receives the action. Sometimes, the agent performing the action will be expressed beginning with "by."

Exercise 5: Identify the verb in each sentence by clicking on it. Then choose if it is an active or passive verb. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked and the word Correct will be displayed. If the answer is incorrect, the word Wrong will be displayed on the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Adjectives - are words that describe identity, or words that quantify (express in numbers). - they usually come before the noun or pronoun that they modify. Example. The bright light hurt my eyes. Bright is the adjective which describes the noun light.

Exercise 6: Choose the appropriate adjectives for each sentence.Drag from the box your chosen answer. If the word sticks on the space provided for, then you are correct! If the word goes back to its original location, then you are incorrect and must try to drag another word until you get the correct answer. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, drag the next preferred answer to the blank of the next sentence.

Adverbs - are words used to describe actions. - they tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. - usually end in "ly" but not all the time. Example: I quickly ran through the rain. quickly is the adverb. It describes the subject's manner of running.

Exercise 7: Click each verb to see how it changes into its adverb form.

Prepositions - can do so many things. - are used to describe any of the following: 1. where something is (location) 2. where something is going (direction) 3. when something happens (time) 4. the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Some examples. at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with, about, after, against, before, between.

Exercise 8: Identify the prepositions in each sentence by clicking on it. he underlined words are indicated as the correct answer or answers. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked. If the answer is incorrect, there will be no reaction nor changes in the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Conjunctions - are used to link words, phrases, and clauses. Examples. 1. I ate the puto and the pancit. 2. Call the movers when you are ready. Coordinating Conjunctions - used to join words, phrases, and independent clauses. Examples - and, but, or, for, nor, so yet, etc. Think of the word FANBOYS to remember some conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. The conjunctions but and for can also be used as prepositions. In the following examples, each highlighted word serves as a coordinating conjunction: 1. Lilacs and violets are generally purple.

In this example, the coordinating conjunction "and" links two nouns. 2. This movie is particularly interesting to feminist film theorists, for the screenplay was written by Mae West. In this example, the coordinating conjunction "for"is used to link two independent clauses. 3. Daniel's uncle claimed that he spent most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish. Here the coordinating conjunction "and"links two participle phrases ("dancing on rooftops") ("swallowing goldfish") which acts as adverbs describing the verb "spent".

and

Subordinating Conjunctions - introduce a dependent clause and indicates the nature of relationship among the independent clause(s) and the dependent clause(s). The most common subordinating conjunctions are after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, and while. Each of the highlighted word in the following sentences is a subordinating conjunction: 1. After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent. The subordinating conjunction "after" introduces the dependent clause "she had learned to drive." 2. If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be mailed on Tuesday. Similarly, the subordinating conjunction "if" introduces the dependent clause "the paperwork arrives on time." 3. Gerald had to start his thesis again when his computer crashed. The subordinating conjunction "when" introduces the dependent clause "his computer crashed." 4. Midwifery advocates argue that home births are safer because the mother and the baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs. In this sentence, the dependent clause "when the mother and the baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs." is introduced by the subordinating conjunction "because." Correlative Conjunctions - always appear in pairs. They are used to link equivalent sentence elements. The most common correlative conjunctions are "both ... and," "either ... or," "neither ... nor," "not only ... but also," "so ... as," and "whether ... or."

Technically, correlative conjunctions consist simply of a coordinating conjunction linked to an adjective or adverb. The highlighted word in the following sentences is a correlative conjunction: 1. Both my grandfather and my father worked in the farm. In this sentence, the correlative conjunction "both ... and" is used to link the two noun phrases my grandfather and my father that act as the compound subject of the sentence. 2. Bring either a kutchinta or a puto bumbong. Here, the correlating conjunction "either ... or" links two noun phrases a kutchinta and a puto bumbong. 3. Corrine is trying to decide whether to go to medical school or to go to law school. Similarly, the correlating conjunction whether ... or" links the two infinitive phrases "to go to medical school" and "to go to law school." 4. The storm destroyed not only the school but also the neighboring pub. In this example, the correlative conjunction "not only ... but also" links the two noun phrases ("the school" "and the neighboring pub") which act as direct objects. Note: Some words that also appear as conjunctions can also appear as prepositions or as adverbs.

Exercise 9: Choose the conjunction in the following sentences. Then identify what conjunction is used. If your answer is correct, an underline will appear on the word you clicked. If the answer is incorrect, there will be no reaction nor changes in the screen. There are five sentences in all. After you have finished the present sentence, click the next number below the screen in order to answer the next sentence.

Interjections - are words or phrases that express emotion. They are used to exclaim, protest, or command. - are uncommon in formal academic prose, except in direct quotations. The following are examples of interjections: 1. Ouch, that hurts!

2. Oh no, I forgot the exam was today. 3. Hey, put that down! 4. I heard one gay say to another guy, "He has a new car eh?" 5. I don't know about you but, good Lord, I think taxes are too high!