Calculo Diferencial e Integral II - Mauricio A1 Vilches e Maria L Correa

"!
Copyright by Mauricio A. Vilches

Todos os direitos reservados
Proibida a reproduo parcial ou total
ii
Contedo
1 Introduo
1.1 Espaos Euclidianos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 O Espao Euclidiano Tridimensional . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Sistemas de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Produto Escalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Norma Euclidiana de um Vetor . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 ngulos Diretores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 Produto Vetorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 Distncia entre Pontos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9 Retas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9.1 Paralelismo e Perpendicularismo . . . . . . . .
1.9.2 Forma Simtrica da Equao da Reta . . . . . .
1.9.3 Distncia de um Pontos a uma Reta . . . . . .
1.10 Planos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10.1 ngulo entre Planos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10.2 Paralelismo e Perpendicularismo entre Planos
1.10.3 Distncia de um Pontos a um Plano . . . . . .
1.11 Generalizaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.12 Superfcies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.12.1 Superfcies Quadricas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.13 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Funes de Vrias Variveis
2.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Domnio e Imagem . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Grficos de Funes de Vrias Variveis
2.4 Conjuntos de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
2
4
4
6
8
11
11
13
14
14
15
16
18
19
19
21
21
37
.
.
.
.
.
43
43
48
51
52
63
CONTEDO
iv
3 Limites e Contnuidade
3.1 Introduo . . . . .
3.2 Limites . . . . . . .
3.3 Continuidade . . .
3.4 Exerccios . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4 Derivadas Parciais
4.1 Definies e Exemplos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Generalizaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Interpretao Geomtricas das Derivadas Parciais
4.4 Derivadas Parciais com Taxa de Variao . . . . .
4.5 Diferenciabilidade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Aproximao Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Derivadas de Ordem Superior . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Regra da Cadeia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.9 Derivada Direcional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.10 Derivada Direcional como Taxa de Variao . . . .
4.11 Gradiente de uma Funo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.11.1 Observaes Geomtricas sobre Gradientes
4.12 Funes Implcitas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.13 Gradiente e Conjuntos de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14 Gradiente e Curvas de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14.1 ngulos entre Curvas . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.15 Gradiente e Supefcies de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . .
4.15.1 ngulos entre Supefcies . . . . . . . . . . .
4.16 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Mximos e Mnimos
5.1 Definies e Exemplos . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Determinao dos Mximos e Mnimos Locais
5.3 Problemas de Otimizao . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1 Mnimos Quadrados . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Mximos e Mnimos Absolutos . . . . . . . . .
5.5 Mtodo dos Multiplicadores de Lagrange . . .
5.6 Determinao dos Extremos Condicionados . .
5.7 Problemas de Otimizao . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.8 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
67
67
72
80
84
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
87
87
92
92
95
99
106
110
119
125
128
129
133
140
144
144
147
149
155
158
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
169
169
175
186
190
195
199
200
206
216
6 Integrao Mltipla
221
6.1 Integrao Dupla sobre Retngulos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
6.2 Significado Geomtrico da Integral Dupla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
CONTEDO
6.3
6.4
Integrais Iteradas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teorema de Fubini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 Extenso do Teorema de Fubini . . . .
6.5 Integrao Dupla sobre Regies mais Gerais
6.5.1 Regies Elementares . . . . . . . . . .
6.5.2 Extenso da Integral Dupla . . . . . .
6.6 Integral Dupla e Volume de Slidos . . . . .
6.7 Mudana de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8 Mudana Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 Mudana Polar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9.1 Regies Limitadas por Crculos . . . .
6.10 Outras Aplicaes da Integral Dupla . . . . .
6.10.1 Massa Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.2 Momento de Massa . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.3 Centro de Massa . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.4 Momento de Inrcia . . . . . . . . . .
6.11 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Integrao Tripla
7.1 Integrao Tripla sobre Paraleleppedos . .
7.2 Integrao Tripla sobre Regio mais Gerais
7.2.1 Regies Elementares no Espao . . .
7.2.2 Extenso da Integral Tripla . . . . .
7.3 Mudana de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Coordenadas Cilndricas . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Coordenadas Esfricas . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
226
228
232
234
234
237
238
248
248
252
257
258
268
268
268
268
272
274
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
277
277
280
280
283
287
287
288
294
299
8 Apndice
303
9 Respostas
313
10 Bibliografia
317

!"$#&%('*+ ) -,/.102!3%(45.67#78-9:0;<0;<#0;=/#>?-0;@4AB)% ">6#70;@'C%(83%202!-,/D/0ED/0GFHB)% .1#,/.6029JIK()% 8->6%B
I(%(8->&()% IL>1MN<%BO 0@'/8-7-7=/D/9P0;KQR%BS78T,/9!",/D/0UD/7-%B.6VW%BD/0XD/IL7-0B8-Y0;,ZD/\[]0;9:7"8->6%@^=W%B._+?) `
->1#&%baB9$%B*8-#0;9P7=/DW%B9P0; %B0;c.1>1-0B8"aB#0;=/!,/.13%(8d%e4W>?4W.6>60;fB8-%(gC%h#0;9P0h#0;9U'W.69P7=i-0e=/#"/()% 8->60
D/!"j#&%('*+ ) -,/.60/M
kUlmk npo qEr se t onvu sw&x7yzx r|{ t o
} ~'C%# 0X,/#.6>1D/>%B=/0| ` /D >19P=/">10;=W%B. E]) 0@'/8"0D/,b-0|#&%(8"-7">%B=/0XD/QR%(-0B8-K>1f;,W%B>6Y%@T
N2H&&&&bT
|;aAU:) %8-73%b*"Ua|) 0H'W.%B=/0HU!Uba|) 0Z!'C%# 07,/#.6>1D/>%B=/0
"8->1D/>69P7=/">60;=W%B.M
kUl
npo qEr se t nvu sw&x7yzx r|{ t x7yx& {2o x7t {2r w
} \
.19P=L-0;U-53LeD/<H%BO 0-78"=/0;\0B8-D/7=W%BD/0;\3%B>1,/XW5aTM$]%BD/0;U-3Le
- 3 Y/a/-9 ` "PR-3Lc - 3 Y"BaWj"0;9:=i"\"(aCZ aW| \< M
9U'50D/9"78eD/7gW=/>6DW%BeD/,W%Be0B'83%#B 0;O M
]%BD/0;<-53La - 3 ]TaD/gW=/>69P0;
3(d ~cY /
-53L - 3 X - 3A
!- ]W\~ d d ccc / d
-53L \"j5"jL
~3%BAD/,W%BA0B'78-%#B 0;O e"%(->6"QR%BS79 %B T"f;,/>1=i"e'/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/

C c !%B9Na/aC:@b3b3L.19P=L-0;TD/\bW=L&O%B0/
m$GZNM

; ]$cX$Z M
L$X2NM
N%(83%:"0D/0:G a b>6!"T 3%B.,/jpTK T bM @-53L
KE K T5 ALM
jd @bNa/'C%(83%X-0D/0 /p'C%(83%|-0 D/0Uz M
P NjPja/'C%(83%|"0D/0Up]'C%(83%X-0D/0|N/ M
jjNa/'C%(83%X-0D/
0 /p'C%(83%|-0 D/0Uz M
] Zb2
!2"
!;hNM
#%$ ' &N d 9 f;783%B.a],/9 #0;= ~,/=L-0 0;=/D/%BO 0D/gW=/>6DW%B%B0B'5783%#B 0;O 7D/%BD/>!#( %BO 0
9X,/.1->?'W.6>1#&%#B %BO 0j'50B8Y,/9=/), 9P78"0@8-&%B. "#&%B.6%(8a#70;9P0@9>d>1> a -%(->6!QR%BS=/D/0%B '/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/
%B=L-78->10B8-<Y) #3VW%B9$%BD/0!'C%# 0IL7-0B8->6%B."0B4/8"K Y",/d.679P=L-0; %BO 0#3VW%B9$%BD/0;cIL7-0B8-7)M (0;f;0/a
Z) ,/9 7!'C%# 0GIL-0B8->%B.]D/HD/>19P=/%BO 0zL<!0B4/8-HTM Q 0B8-9$%%B=W%B.10;fL%bad Z) ,/9 !'C%# 0
IL7-0B8">%B.D/jD/>19P=/%BO 0P|"0B4/8"\TM
kUl+* , x o- j r yG tt yG {2r y r<o -
t .:t {r x o { t npo qEr se t
!#0;.6VW%B9P0;!80/ 8-73%B*9X,b-,W%B9P=L-c'8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8"cND/=/0B-9:0;'50B82K1 0K'0;=L-0AD/d>6=L-78""b#B %BO 0
DW%B8-73%Ba#3VW%B9$%BD/00B8->1f;9Mj!3%B8-7-%BaD/>13%B3> /0;#00B8"D/=W%BD/0;a*%BO 0HD/7">6f;=W%BDW%B]#0;9P00
3> /0D/0;a3> /0D/0;X4> b0D/0;\ba8"!'7#7->1I(%B9P=L-BM } 3> /0;D/0;XD/0;Q 0B8-9$%B9 ,/9
'W.%B=/0HV/0B8->6S70;=i3%B.N|03> /0ZD/0;jU) 0B8""0;f;0;=W%B.N%H!"|'W.6%B=/0/M } \'W.6%B=/0;\ ,/:#0;=L-9 0;]4> b0;
#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;aT#3VW%B9$%BD/0;:'W.%B=/0;:#00B8-D/7=W%BD/0;aA7%BO 0/'W.%B=/0 "#70;=i-79 0;P3> /0;PD/0;P
D/0;@'W.%B=/05"P#70;=i-79J0;@74> /0;]D/0;jPD/0;jU'W.%B=/02"P#70;=i-79J0;@74> /0;\D/0;jE
D/0;@bM } ]'W.%B=/0;]#00B8"D/=W%BD/0;jD/>?Ib>6D/79J0H!'C%# 0790;>?-0H'C%(8!-j#3VW%B9$%BDW%B]0#3%B=i"6
M 59
-78"=/00B8-D/=W%BD/0HD/:=h/), 9P8-0;8-&%B>6:-53Le~C)%%B"!0#>6%BD/0%Z,/9 /), =/>1#0H'50;=i"0"7D/0!>6!-79$%
D/<#0 0B8-D/=W%BDW%BMA^D/>6!8/%B=/#7>%PD/0$'0;=L-07%B0P'W.6%B=/0$b<) %P#700B8-D/=W%BDW%PGD/9
7:a5%PD/>6!8/%B=/#7>%
D/0:'50;=i-07 %B0:'W.6%B=/0:5 @) %U#700B8-D/=W%BDW%PD/:
7@%UD/>6!8/%B=/#7>%:D/0:'50;=i"07 %B0U'W.%B=/0:@) %
#0 0B8-D/=W%BDW%ZZD/;
7:M!3%Bh"87/ ]#700B8-D/=W%BDW%B%BO 0H%B#0 0B8-D/=W%BDW%B8-73%B=/f;,/.6%(8-D/0'0;=L-0<7
jD/-78-9P>1=W%B9 ,/9P%U#0B8"8"!'0;=/=D 7/ =/#>%$,/9 %:,/9 7=i"8"j-78-=/0;A0B8-D/=W%BD/0;h]'0;=L-0;hD/0P!>6!-79$%
D/j#700B8-D/=W%BDW%B7M^0 U1 !W)%P%B""0 #>%BD/0U0U-78"=/02b3b3LM
0
x
(x,y)

#%$ ' &N d } e.19P=L-0;eD/] %BO 0:D/7=/0;9P>6=W%BD/0;T'0;=L-0;e0;,IL-0B8-aW#0;90:!f;,/>6=L-

#,/>1DW%BD/0/Y-53L) ,/9pIL7-0B8 ,/-9 %h0B8->1f;9 79b3b3L "8-9:>6DW%BD/79-53L
h) 3%B9<4) 9#3VW%B9$%BD/0@IL7-0B8'50;">!#( %BO 0<D/|-3LM N %(83%j"78Y,/9$%@9P7.6V/0B8D/>1!->1= #B %BO 0<D/=/0B3%(8-79P0;
0;KIL7-0B8-AD/jQ 0B8-9P%|D/>1Q 78-=L-@DW%|D/0;A'0;=L-0;M 0B8A/ 9U'W.60 @1 b3b3L|]) 0UIL7"0B8e=i,/.60/M
z
(x,y,z)
0
x
(x,y,0)
] } !40#7 0/aC=/0:!'C%# 0/aCD/0;T'50;=i"0;h;3b3Lab&;3Lab3b&m:~;&;&mM
]%BD/0; 7 - 3 Y 7 - 3 aC0|IL7-0B8 1 D/7-78"9P>6=W%BD/0|'0B8 7 7 ()
-
3

1 7 7 R
} IL7-0B8 1 7 j) 0|IL7-0B8T'0;">~#B %BO 0:D/0|'0;=L-0U
7 M
]
m 7 b&m 7 e &; abD/7-8-9P>6=/ 7 7 M
]%UD/7gW=/>~#B %BO 0/ 7 7 h &; b&m ]
; M

; 7
]%UD/7gW=/>~#B %BO 0/
kUl

&; 7 _&;a D/7-78"9P>6=/ 7 7 M

7 7 &; &;c_ i3bM
ty u - t no s r w r

$d d !%B9 1
/D 1 1 aWD/=/0B3%BD/0U'0B8 1 ! 1 0;,

1 *IL7"0B8-c9p M } '/8-0 D/,b-0"#&%B.6%(8

1 Pj) D/7gW=/>1D/0:'0B8&
1

1 ! 1
^=W%B.60;fL%B9:=i"]!jD/7gW=/@0|'/8-0D/,b"0:"#%B.%(8hD/IL7-0B8"e9 M
C c !%B9 1 a 1 a 1 \Ta*=L&O%B0/
m 1 !
1 U 1 ! 1 U!j]"0;9P=L-j!Ba 1 b1 M
; 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 M
L 1 ! j1 bM
] 1 ) ! 1 1 !i 1 N$ 1 ! 1
1 !i 1 1 d 1 ! 1 1 ! 1
^K'/8-0B'/8->67DW%BD/e'0 D/9"78T'/8-0mI(%BDW%BeD/>?8-73%B9:=i"\DW%:D/gW=/>!#B %BO 0/M

\(d d

} IL7"0B8 1 ]) 0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B.*% 1 "\\"0;9:=i"j"
1 ! 1 b
#%$ '&N
> } IL7-0B8
1 $ 0/), =/>1#0:IL7"0B8e0B8""0;f;0;=W%B.%|-0 D/0;A0;TIL7-0B8-TD/\ M
>6> 1 1 -/ab7=i&O%B0U0;AIL7"0B8-jA":5KY7%BO 0:0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1e% 1 M
kUl t r n u shw&x7yx r|{2r yE u - t

$
> !% 1 /MN^v=/0B8-9P%X7,/#.6>1D/&%B=W%:D/ 1 ]) D/7=/0B3%BDW%|'50B8"! 1 e! ]D/7gW=/>1DW%|'0B8

1 Y!
>6> } IL-0B8 1 $ ,/=/>1C)%(8">60|"&! 1 Y! ;M
%

1 ! 1 $#

C d
> 1 U
1 = %BO 0\) ,/=/>?C)%(8->10/aC7=i&O%B0U0UIL7"0B8eD/7gW=/>1D/0:'0B8
1
1
1 !

!
]) ,/=/>1C)%(8->10:]-9%U9P7"9$%XD/>18-b#( %BO 0:D/ 1 M

>6> ]) 0 %B/ =/f;,/.10:Q 0B8-9P%BD/0U'7.60;KIL7-0B8- 1 1 aC7=i&O%B0/
1 ! 1 ! 1
8"0mI(%b> 1

iL
! ! !
1 Wa =L&O%B0/aW,b->1.6>6S%B=/D/0P%BK'/8-0B'/8->67DW%BD/hD/0U'/8"0D/,b-0P7"#&%B.%(8
! 1 !

1 ! ! 11

!
!
1 !
;
!
1
>6>^h'W.6>6#%B=/D/0$%U.1>D/0;e#0 ` "=/0;%B0X"8-> %B/ =/f;,/.60UDW%|gWf;,b83%ba/-9:0;
!
! 1 ! ! 1
1 1 ! ! 1 ! ! 1 !
1 1
!
FY0;9P0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 /-79P0; 1 1 !
1 ! 1 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 1
#%$ '&N d 87/ IL-0B8-$D/0
1 b&;3L 1 b3b&mM

u-v

iL
!

1 ! 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! ! 1 ! i L/.10;f;0/a
1 ! 1 ! ! 1 ! i Lb7=i&O%B0/a 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! ! 1 ! i LM
-79 ,/9 D/!3%B ,/!'7#>%B.ae%-%(4578& 1 ~;3b3La

k
j
i

} \IL7-0B8" 1 a 1 1 %BO 0H,/=/>1C)%(8">60;U9X,b-,W%B9:=i"|0B8!-0;f;0;=W%B>6M } #70;= ~,/=i-0 1 1 1 |) D/>1-0H%

4C%B"\#&%B=0;/ =/>6#&%UD/0U M N%(8-%|-0 D/0 1 KH -9P0;
1
1 %
1
1
kUl { . u w7t o x - t o t o { t o x - t o
} %B/ =/f;,/.10;XD/>18-7"0B8-XD/,/9 IL7-0B8X=%BO 0E= ,/.10 1 <7%BO 0E0; %B/ =/f;,/.10;;ad
aN=/0
6> =L-78!IB%B.10 b ,/ 1 Q 0B8-9P%|#0;90;A>4b0;T#700B8-D/=W%BD/0;7M

} h#0 ` !=/0;D/""7%B/ =/f;,/.60;hD/>?8-7-0B8-7a i a A i

K%BO 0:#VW%B9P%BD/0;h#0 ` !=/0;hD/>18" `
-0B8-7AD/0:IL-0B8 1 M .%BK'/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/hD/0|'/8-0D/,b-0:"#&%B.6%(8&a/-9P0;

i

i

*
1 ! 1

! 1 !
1 ! ! 1 !

! !
1 ! 1

! 1 ! ! 1 !
1

1

!

1
! !
1

! 1 ! !
!

1
#%$ ' &N

> } IL7-0B8 1 gW#&%$,/=/>1IL0 #&%B9P=L-<D/7"78-9P>1=W%BD/0$#0;=/V/#=/D/0H",E#0;9:'/8->19P=L-0P<"7,/%B/ =/f;,/.10;
D/>18"7-0B8-7MjQR%("0/
>6>

! 1 ! c
m; m;
v;M

m;

1

i
!

1

i
*
!
]
m !%B9 1 ;3Ld 1 h&;3LMc7-78-9:>6=/ 1 ! 1 0;IL7-0B8-7Y,/=/>1C)%(8->10;Y=W%BYD/>18-#B 0;O
D/ 1 1 a/8-!'5#7->?IB%B9:=i"BM
> 1 ! 1 h TT@bM
>6>]IL9P0;TD/7-78-9:>6=W%(8 ! 1 ! ! 1 !
1
1
! 1 !Y
j ! 1 !Y \ W6. 0;f;0/a

%BO 0U0;TIL7"0B8-e,/=/>?C)%(8->10;A=W%BAD/>18-b#( 0;O eD/ 1 1 a/8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L-BM
; !%B9 1 Re3Lh 1 " M|7-78-9:>6=/:0ZIB%B.10B8@D/|'C%(8-%,/ 1 1 !!%B9
0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1M
1 1 %BO 0\0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>6d" 1 ! 1 b=L&O%B0/a 1 ! 1 = bai,W%#( %BO 0j,/T-9"0;.1, #B 0;O
X Ab*.60;f;0/ 1 e3LA 1 A7%BO 00B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1 1 eb e3Le
Ab eb K7%BO 0:0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1M
1
L !%B9 7 b h ]ma 7 ~; &m a 7 b3b&mA 7| ];&; ]mM@7-78"9P>6=/X0
%B/ =/f;,/.60UQ 0B8-9$%BD/0|'.10;TIL7"0B8- 7 7 7 7;M
!%B9 1 7 7 ~ b &YmK e ;T 1 7 7 @ \;&; e;M } %B/ =/f;,/.60
Q 0B8-9$%BD/0X'0B8 B)
1

iLN
1 ! 1
! 1 ! ! 1 !

FY0;9P0 1 ! 1 a ! 1 !Y ;]&! 1 !Y /.10;f;0/a i LN ; M

TFT%B.1#,/.6]0;A#70 ` "=/0;eD/>18-7"0B8-eD/ 1 h&;;M
FY0;9P0 ! 1 !KbW.60;f;0/a i N
Rcd
i
*
]! d d C $
1 9P0 ILh,/9$%\'C%(8! + ) #,/.6%@D/,/9 '0;=L-097v%(b),/9'50;=i-0:M
,b'0;=/VW%< ,/,/9$%jQ 0B8;#& %<#0;=/~3%B=i" v
} "83%(4C%B.1V/0|8-%B.6>6S%BD/0U'7.%|'C%(8! + ) #,/.6%]) DW%BD/0U'0B8

1 ! 7 :

\%U,/=/>6DW%BD/\D/\#70;9:'/8->69:=i"0]) DW%BDW%U99P"8-0;Kj%|Q 0B8;#& %\) DW%BDW%|9

A"0;=/aW0|"8-%(4C%B.6V/0
]) DW%BD/0P9 L0;,/.1jM
] 59P%PQ 0B8;#& %DW%BDW%'50B8 1 ~;3LK9P0 IL<,/9$%P'C%(8" + ) #7,/.%$D/0Z'50;=i"0z;&;&mA%B0
'0;=L-0 3Lb.10;f;0/
~;3L !ib&;;cAT v;W

kUl

ty u - t - t x r w

\(d d ]%BD/0; 1

IL7-0B8">%B.D/ 1 1 Wa D/=/0B3%BD/0:'50B8

1 1

(*0;f;0/a
1 1
C
m 1
; U
1
L 1

: 1 UIL-0B8-9 ae0'/8-0 D/,b-0

\
1 1 ) D/7gW=/>6D/0:'50B8&

1

1

1

1
1
1

d !%B9 1 a 1 1 IL7-0B8-7AD/0: \TMA=L&O%B0/

1 b1 M
1 1 @1 b1 M
1 1 M
1

1 1 1 d 1 1 1 1 M
1 1 1 1 1 1 M
! 1 1 ! ! 1 ! ! 1 ! &dL0;=/D/]) 0 %B/ =/f;,/.10:Q 0B8-9P%BD/0U'0B8 1 1 M
} TIL7-0B8- 1 1 %BO 0U'C%(8-%B.6.10;A"]j!0;9P=L-\! 1 1 b1 M
} IL7-0B8 1 1 ]) 0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B.%B0;KIL7-0B8-7 1 1 M
LY^()% 8-&%|D/0U'C%(83%B.1.60;fB8-%B9P0XD/7-78-9:>6=W%BD/0U'50B8 1 1 ) ! 1 1 ! M
w
L~D/7=i->1DW%BD/jD/ (%BfB83%B=/f;( ! 1 1 ! A

1 ! ! 1 ! 2 1 ! 1 " M
M

m; } IL0;.6,/9PD/0:'C%(83%B.1.6'*+ ) '7D/0:D/7-8-9P>6=W%BD/0|'.10;AIL7"0B8- 1 a 1 1 j) DW%BD/0U'50B8
v 1 !L 1 1 M
8"0mI(%b^K'/8-0 IB%BA"f;,/9D/>18"73%B9P=L-]DW%BeD/7gW=/>~#B 0;O M 0B8e+/9:'W.10/
0 %B/ =/f;,/.60<Q 0B8"9$%BD/0@'.10;IL7-0B8-7Ph) S78-0X0;, N.10;f;0/a0;IL7"0B8-Y%BO 0<'C%(83%B.1.60;M
1 1 <1 "
LT^4C%B!@D/0P'C%(83%B.67.60;fB83%B9P0& ) ! 1 !@",W%$%B.?-,b83% ) &d L ! 1 ! a0;=/D/ j) 0 %B/ =/f;,/.10P=L"8- 1
1 M
L ! 1 1 ! ! 1 ! ! 1 ! L ! 1 ! ! 1 ! ~
1 ! ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 M
L!
m;^()% 8-%UDW%|4C%B!
)
! 1 1 ! W"!% X0 %B/ =/f;,/.10UQ 0B8"9$%BD/0|'50B8 1 1 1 /.10;f;0/aW%:%B.1",b83%
D/0U'C%(8-%B.6.17'*+ ) '5D/0
) : ! 1 ! L b=L&O%B0/a v
1 !L 1 1 M
]
m !%B9 1 eb e; 1 ];&;;MdFT%B.1#,/.6 1 1 a 1 1 Y 1 P 1 1 Y 1 M
1 1 : 1 1 Y 1 _ e e Y: 1 1 K 1 ] b \ ;M
;TFT%B.1#,/.6 1 1 a 1 1 a 1 1 P 1 1 Y 1 1 M
1 1 b3b&m 1 1 1 b ];3L 1 1 1 ;3b3Lc 1 P 1 1 Y 1 1 N
1 1 1
L<FK%B.6#,/.1% ()% 8"&%2D/0!8-> %B/ =/f;,/.102D/7-78-9:>6=W%BD/02'.10;@'0;=L-0;;
7 3La
\;3b;
b 3LM
;m 1 i! 1 1 d

^ ()% 8"&%GD/0z!8->%B/ =/f;,/.10) %G9P7-%BD/ZDW%()% 8-&%GD/0G'C%(83%B.6.10;fB83%B9P0D/7-8-9P>6=W%BD/0E'0B8 1 7

!
! ! \ b ] L ! M

1 7 XW.60;f;0/
1 1
T FT%B.1#,/.6]0UIL0;.1,/9PD/0:'C%(83%B.67.67'*+ ) 'D/0UD/7-78-9:>6=W%BD/0U'5.60;TIL7-0B8-7 1 _Ab a

1 ~;]m 1 b];;M
FY0;9P0 1 1 b a-9:0; p 1 i! 1 1 0 ( M
|7"78-9P>1=/H0zI(%B.60B8UD/-%B.T ,/ 1 _\ ;&ma 1 ~;A L@ 1 bC <!!%B9
#0B'W.6%B=W%(8-M
1 a 1 1 7%BO 0E#70B'W.%B=W%(8-7a=L&O%B0/a 1 !C 1 1 < b1 #&%B"0E#0;=L"8C()% 8->10/aD/-78-9P>1=W%(8->%B9
,/9
'C%(83%B.1.67'+ ) 'D/0:Ba/'0B8"3%B=L-0/a/0;TIL7-0B8-T=%BO 0U'50D/78">%B9"78e#0B'W.%B=W%(8-7M
1 1 ~ C ] b.60;f;0/a 1 ! 1 1 N K 8-"0;.?IL=/D/0 K ba-9:0;
| M
]! d d
1 %Bf;|= ,/9 '0;=L-0HD/:,/9 #0B8"'50H8 + ) f;>6D/0/aD/|IL-0B8'0;">~#B %BO 0 1 a*7=i&O%B0H"-%HQ 0B8;#& %
|,/9$%ZQ 0B8B#& %
-=/D/H%2f;>183%(8X0E#0B8"'509 -0B8-=/0ED/,/94> b0E ,/$'C%B"-%2'.6%E0B8->1f;9 D/0IL7-0B8<'50;">!#B %BO 0E )
'8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8T%B0\'W.%B=/0<D/ 1 :1 M } IL7-0B8-0B8",/<R8-.%(">1IL0Z%@ 0B8">6f;9jh) DW%BD/0@'50B8 1 1 U1 M
} -0B8",/hQ 0B8-=/7#\,/9P%@9PD/>6DW%<D/0XQ >?-0XD/,/9#0B8"'50X8&+ ) f;>6D/0X%B0<8-0 DW%(8K9 -0B8"=/0|D/,/974> /0/M
^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UD/ 1 >6=/D/>6#%:0:3> /0|D/\8-0B-%#B %BO 0/M
]
m 59$%ZQ 0B8;#& % 1 J_ %Bf;P=i,/9
'50;=i-0D/P,/9
#0B8"'08&+ ) f;>6D/0/aD/$#00B8-D/7=W%BDW%BZ~;&;;M
FK%B.6#,/.1\0|-0B8-,/(M
1 ;&;;.10;f;0/a 1 1 1 ~;&;;_ e 3LMA^D/>?8-b#B %BO 0$D/H e 3L
>6=/D/>1#&%U0U4> b0:D/]8-0B3%#B %BO 0/M
; 59'C%(83%BQ ,/"0Y) %('578"3%BD/0h%('W.6>6#%B=/D/0,/9$%eQ 0B8;#& %hD/;;
#0;9p,/9$%e#3VW%&ILYD/Yb QR%BS=/D/0
,/9 %B/ =/f;,/.60D/ #70;9P0H=W%ZgWf;,b83%bMU7"78-9P>1=/U0H9 ;)0 D/,/.60ZD/0-0B8- ,/U79 "0B8-=/0D/0#7=i!8-0D/0
'C%(83%BQ ,/"0/M
1 | 1 1 U 1 1
!
!
&!
! !

!

d N#0;9P0! 1 !Ub a ! 1 U
! ;;
1 dM
kUl x o- r| { sx r {-
!

d.60;f;0/a
{ - t o
t
!%B9 7 - 3 < 7 R - 3 X'50;=i-0;:D/0zWM^ D/>6! %B/ =/#>%=L"8-"7 7 )

D/=/0B3%BDW%U \D/7gW=/ >1DW%: '0B 8&
7 7 d
z

9'C%(8"">6#,/.6%(8&aW" 7 -53L
7<
!
7 !
C c
> 7 7 | 7 7 dU"\\"0;9:=i"j" 7 7 M
>6> 7 7 d 7 7 M
>6>1> 7 7 7 7 7 7 M
kUl -Nr<o
!%B9 p
7 - 3 ,/9'0;=L-0| 1 ,/9IL7"0B8A79 MN^8-73%X,/'C%B"-%<'7.60
'0;=L-0 7]
-9D/>18"b#B %BO 0 1 ]) DW%BDW%ba/'C%(83%B9P7"8">6#&%B9P7=i-(ab'0B8&
7P
!N7 1 YHA
9#0 0B8-D/=W%BDW%B

c
!N
!d
W
!d

T
]%BD/0; 7 - 3 7 - 3 9 aLIB%B9:0;d0B4/"78Y%],W%#B %BO 0jDW%]8-7-%j,/K'C%B"-%

'0B87 7 M

P2
P1
^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-%]) DW%BDW%U'0B8 1 7 7 W.10;f;0/aW%BA ,W%#B 0;O T'C%(83%B97) "8">6#&%BT%BO 0/

c
!N
!d
W
!d
z

T

]
me7-78"9P>6=/X%$ ,W%#B %BO 0DW%8-3%$,/@'C%B"-%$'7.60'0;=L-0G~;\;&mK<-9 %$D/>18"b#B %BO 0ZD/0IL-0B8

_&;3LM^#V/j0;,b"8-0X'0;=L-0PDW%|8"73%bM
c
!d

7p~; ];&m 1 _&;3Lb.60;f;0/a "N \

W
!d T
%BS=/D/0/a/'0B8e /9U'W.60/a Nv\=W%: ,W%#B %BO 0:DW%X8-73%ba/-9:0;T ,/$b3b |]) ,/9'0;=L-0:DW%X8-73%bM
-2
-5
5
2.5
0
-2.5
;Y]-78-9P>1=/j%|,W%#( %BO 0:DW%|8"73%U ,/\'C%B""%U'.10;T'50;=i"0;7

e\;3L 7 b M

^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-% ) 1 7 7 3 b b.10;f;0:%|,W%#B %BO 0B)

"N
hT

!N \

W
! e YHA
5
0
-5
-5
5
0
-5
kUlZl k
r r 7
w \w&x o t
q { yx7s u w r x o t
C d !%B9 8"73%BTD/jD/>18"b#B 0;O 1 1 a/8-7!'#->1I(%B9P=L-BC=L&O%B0/

> ) 'C%(83%B.6.6%U% "BaC\!0;9P=L-\!Ba 1 1 b1 M
>6> \) '8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8h% "(aC\"0;9P=L-]"Ba 1 ! 1 bM
^ '/8"0mI(%U"7f;,/@D/>18-3%B9P=L-]DW%BAD/7gW=/>~#B 0;O M
]
Hv

mY^T8-3%B | Ah | A
%BO 0|'C%(83%B.6.6%B.%BM
<v
j
jQR%(-0/a 1 _ a 1 ]; eb e; 1 1 1 M
Hv

;Y^T8-3%B | Ah |A
7%BO 0U'8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8"M
<v
j
jQR%(-0/a 1 _ a 1 ];&; \m 1 ! 1 bM

H
Lc^ 8-73%B | eT |A =%BO 0]%BO 0\'C%(83%B.1.%BN=/9'578"'7=/D/>6#,/.6%(8-T=%BO 0
j

j AA
"\>6=L-78-"7#73%B9M %B>1T8-3%BA7%BO 0PD/>13%BK8-7IL8--%BM

5
-5
-5
-5
0
5
10
t r , x& - 7x s r y r nur s r t y r -Nr
kUlZl7
.1>69P>1=W%B=/D/0P0P'C%(88%B/ 9P"8-0 T =W%$,W%#B %BO 0$DW%P8-3%ba0B4/-9:0;h%$Q 0B8-9$%:!>697) !8->6#&%PDW%P7,W%#B %BO 0DW%

8-7-%b
~
G :

LM Ba/'0B8e/9U'W.60/a
baW0B4/-9P0;7

:

0;T0;,b"8-0;e#%B"0;A7%BO 0P%B=TB)% .60;f;0;7M

"=/D/0:0;
kUlZl* x o- r| { shx r yG u

{ - t r u r -Nr
t
!%<7,/9 '0;=L-0,/X=%BO 0$'8"-=/#%P

8-7-% ,/<'C%B"-%$'.10;h'0;=L-0;
U
M^D/>6! %B/ =/#>%$D/0
'0;=L-0 7 %X 8-73%B)
1 1 !
! 1 !
0;=/D/ 1 1 7|M^p'/8-0mI(%:D/~-jQR%(-0|gW#&%:#0;9:0Ub78-#B+ ) #>60/M

] 7-78"9P>6=/%@D/>1!8/%B=/#>6%@D/0@'0;=L-097 _&;]mh%j 8-3%@,/h'C%B""%j'.10;'0;=L-0;
p_3b&m he&mM

1 e3La 1 7 b&;e;b.60;f;0/a
kUlmk

1 1 !
! 1 !
M

w r|{ t o

\(d d !%B90:IL7-0B8 1 U

- 3 T M } #0;= ~,/=L-0$D/\-0 D/0;
1 j0U'50;=i"07
0;K'0;=L-0; 7p-53L3%B>1A ,/B

1 ! 7 7
) #VW%B9P%BD/0'W.6%B=/0'C%B"-%B=/D/0'0B8 7 E-7=/D/0 =/0B8-9$%B. 1 M (*0;f;0/ah" 1 m aT0'W.%B=/0

E
'C%B"-%B=/D/0U'0B87 \D/j=/0B8-9$%B. 1 a/-9%U ,W%#B %BO 0:79 #0 0B8-/D =W%BDW%B
N N Nb
]
m:7-78"9P>6=/%,W%#( %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/0 ,/'C%B!-%'5.60'50;=i-0~;];&m|

) =/0B8-9$%B.e%B0IL-0B8
];3LM
7 ~; \;&m 1 ];3Lb7=i&O%B0/a ]mAm*e md K| dbM
^v7,W%#B %BO 0
) K|N jbM
1
0
-1
1
0
-1
-1
0
1
;j7-78"9P>6=/%2 ,W%#B %BO 0D/0E'W.6%B=/0E ,/$'C%B"-%2'.10'50;=i"0 ;\;]m\$) =/0B8-9$%B.%B0IL-0B8

b ALM
7 ~; ]; \mc 1 bAL;=L&O%B0/NA 2m 2Tdzm
ezmN A2N2d M
^v7,W%#B %BO 0@) X :d@ M

-3
2
0
3
0
-3
3
-3
#%$ '&N d FY0;=/">6D/83%B=/D/0%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0|'/8->69:>18-0|fB83%B,H=W%BAI(%(8->&()% IL>1TaW$@b
X e
baW0;=/D/ a =%BO 0P%BO 0|-0DW%BT=i,/.%BaW0:!,b4#0;= ~,/=L-0D/\d/
-3L @ A

p
]) ,/9'W.6%B=/0:#0;9IL7-0B8T=/0B8-9$%B. 1 C

0B8">19:'W.6>1#>6DW%BD/\,/-%(8-9:0;%:'/8-"%BO 0$'W.6%B=/0 | ] p:9 .1,/fL%(8D/Ba0P'W.%B=/0
D/j7,W%#B %BO 0 X e bM
]
7-78"9P>6=/G%7,W%#B %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/0,/'C%B"-%'5.60;'0;=L-0; 7 ~;&;&ma 7 _3b3L:
7 ~;&;3LM

,W%B.6,/8YIL7-0B8Y=/0B8-9P%B.5%B0j'W.6%B=/0XD/7ILh"78K0B8!-0;f;0;=W%B.5%B0;IL7-0B8- 1 7 7 1 7 7 ab ,/
%BO 0'C%(83%B.67.60;%B0$'W.%B=/0/M (0;f;0/a0IL7-0B8=/0B8"9$%B.c%B0'W.%B=/0 ) 1 1 1 a D/0;=/D/ 1 ~; &;3L
.60;f;0/ab%| ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0X'W.%B=/0) Xh b/#70;9P03b3LN'8"-=/#j%B0|'W.6%B=/0/ab-9P0;7 e
\%:,W%#( %BO 0) | :
jbM
-1
-1
-1
0
1
2
kUlmklmk { . u w7t {-

w r|{ t o

\(d d } %B/ =/f;,/.10=i!8-YD/0;>6c'W.6%B=/0;@Y) 09P=/0B8 %B/ =/f;,/.10]Q 0B8"9$%BD/0e'7.60;cIL7-0B8" =/0B8-9$%B>1

%B0;K'W.%B=/0;M

(*0;f;0/aC! 1 1 %BO 0U0;TIL7"0B8-e=/0B8"9$%B>6T%B0;K'W.%B=/0;aW=L&O%B0/

iLN
1 ! 1
! 1 ! ! 1 !

]
mY]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0; N j

vm|<cX j \;;M
} KIL-0B8-Y=/0B8-9P%B>6Y%B0;'W.6%B=/0;Y%BO 0 1 h N 1
&; La 8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L-B/.60;f;0/a
Ld ! 1 ! ! ! 1 ! \ M
1 1

0.5
0
-0.5
-1
2
1.5
1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
;Y]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0;T|9@|\NN@bM

} KIL-0B8-Y=/0B8-9P%B>6Y%B0;'W.6%B=/0;Y%BO 0 1 ;&;\mN 1 ;h;aL8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L-B/.60;f;0/

iLN

@

i
1 ! 1
! 1 ! ! 1 !

0.5
0
-0.5
-1
2
1
0
-1
-2
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1

kUlmkl p
r r 7
w \w&x o t
q { yzx7s u w r x o t {-

w r|{ t o
0;>6Y'W.%B=/0;K%BO 0X'C%(83%B.1.60;K"BaW"0;9P7=i-"(aC!,/TIL-0B8-T=/0B8-9$%B>1a8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L- 1 1 a
%BO 0|'C%(83%B.6.10;aW>6!"0B)
1 1 b1
0;>6]'W.%B=/0;@%BO 0'578"'5=/D/>6#,/.6%(8-<"(a :"0;9P7=i-:"Bac"7,/@IL7-0B8-j=/0B8-9$%B>67a8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L-
1 1 aC7%BO 0:0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1a/>6~-0B)
1 ! 1 b
C d
} A'W.%B=/0; | @ | @ %BO 0/
> 'C%(83%B.1.60;a/!jb>6!- $H3%B.,/ X a A K
>6>'78"'5=/D/>6#7,/.%(8-7a5" bM
^ '/8"0mI(%U"7f;,/@DW%BAD/gW=/>!#B 0;O 7M
] 7-78-9:>6=/\%:,W%#( %BO 0:D/0U'W.6%B=/0:'C%(83%B.1.60U%B0U'W.6%B=/0$N< : e Uj ,/
'C%B"-%|'.10U'0;=L-0 7vb3b&mM
} IL7"0B8K=/0B8-9$%B.%B0<'W.6%B=/0 ) 1 b&; .10;f;0/ab%<,W%#( %BO 0UD/0<'W.%B=/0]) N\ b
#0;9P0|0U'50;=i"07'78!-=/#<%B0|'W.%B=/0|-9P0; baW.60;f;0/aW%|,W%#( %BO 0:D/0U'W.6%B=/0 )
X 9
h bM
#%$ ' &N
> } 'W.%B=/0 X ]) '578"'5=/D/>6#,/.6%(8%B0U'W.6%B=/0U5a
>6> } 'W.6%B=/0 A ) '8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8%B0|'W.6%B=/0Pbba
> } 'W.%B=/0 X e ) '78"'5=/D/>6#7,/.%(8%B0|'W.%B=/0|bM

kUlmkl+* x o- r| { sx r yE u
{ - t r u
t

w r|{ t

^vD/>1!8/%B=/#>6%UD/0|'0;=L-07
- K %B0U'W.%B=/0 | e

]) DW%BDW%U'50B8&
]
mY]-78-9P>1=/j%|D/>6! %B/ =/#>%|D/0U'0;=L-0;&; %B0|'W.%B=/0mcX N AjbM

^h'W.6>1#&%B=/D/0:D/>?8-73%B9:=i"j%|QmB)0 8-9X,/.%b M
;Y]-78-9P>1=/j%|D/>6! %B/ =/#>%|=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0;T'C%(83%B.6.10;N| :@ X : \ bM
^D/>6! %B/ =/#>%2=L"8-D/0;>6<'W.6%B=/0;@'C%(83%B.6.10;) %D/>1!8/%B=/#>6%2=i!8-H,/9J'0;=L-0G ,W%B.6 ,/78XD/02'W.%B=/0
< = @ %B0T'W.%B=/0 = ]v bM } '0;=L-0@~; &m'78!-=/#Y%B0T'W.%B=/0e< =\ M
^vD/>1!8/%B=/#>6%UD/0|'0;=L-0~; &m%B0|'W.%B=/0 X :
@v B)
;
L

#%$ '&N d 9 f;78-%B.a! <

%UD/>1!8/%B=/#>6%U=L"8-\0;A'W.6%B=/0;B)

kUlmkUk
Y <

7%BO 0@'W.%B=/0;'C%(83%B.1.60;a

{ r w&x r s :
t o
0D/79P0;AQR%BS778%BT"f;,/>1=i-7ef;=/78-%B.6>6S%#B 0;O A'C%(8-%U aC
b M
} A'0;=L-0;T 7%BO 0U " " &6166" K0;=/D/] NTM
]%BD/0;|N" aD/>1S9P0;X /, Zp
"Z!0;9P=L-"H \ ~ad'C%(8-%E-0 D/0 @
;&1616- M
b&16616163L<\) %U0B8">6f;9D/0U M
9 '50D/9"78eD/7gW=/>6DW%BAD/,W%Be0B'5783%#B 0;O 7M]%BD/0;AN"H ]K
3(d ~cY

$G "
&61661616"

!- ]W\~ d d ccc / d
!"! " ! &6616166161"!
~3%BD/,W%B0B'5783%#B 0;O 7-%(->1"QR%BS9'/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/K%B=TB)% .60;fL%B%B 7= ,/=/#>6%BDW%B'C%(83%\ M)(0;f;0/ai )
,/9 7!'C%# 0PIL7-0B8">%B.D/<D/>69P7=/%BO 0P"0B4/8"jTM } h.19P=L-0;eD/0P %BO 0:D/=/0;9P>6=W%BD/0;A'0;=L-0;
0;,2IL7-0B8-7a#0;9 0Z!f;,/>6=L-<#,/>1DW%BD/0/ 1 E <) ,/9 IL7-0B8 ,/@-9 %$0B8->1f;9 79 b&61616613L
"8-9:>6DW%BD/Z9 1 M N%(83%G-8P,/9$%E9P.6V/0B8:D/>6!">6= #B %BO 0D/7=/0B3%(8-9P0;U0;:IL7-0B8":D/Q 0B8"9$%
D/>6Q 8-=L-@DW%U,b">6.6>1S&%BDW%|'C%(8-%U0;K'0;=L-0;M 0B8A b9:'W.60/a \1 b&16616163L<]) 0UIL-0B8e=i,/.60/M
C e /
1 &6161 1 &6616 7%BO 0|IL7"0B8-YD/0< a/0X'/8"0D/,b-0X"#%B.%(8KD/
aWD/=/0B3%BD/0:'50B8 ! j) D/gW=/>6D/0:'50B8&
1 1
1 1

!
! 66161661 !
1 ! 1
} /' 8-0D/,b"0:"#%B.%(8T-9 %BA"7f;,/>6=L-e'/8-0B'/8">6DW%BD/7

m] 1 )! 1 1 !i 1 N$ 1 ! 1
; 1 !i 1 1 d 1 ! 1 1 ! 1
1 j) 0B8!-0;f;0;=W%B.% 1 "BaC\!0;9P=L-j"(a 1 ! 1 bM
c !~ 1 =%BO 0\) = ,/.10/

1 K!
1 ! 1
] " &6166" K G - &6161- Y%BO 0|'0;=L-0;AD/0U aW=L&O%B0/

N"cN -! " !

R
1661616&

kUlmkj ,

n
n ,

9 "9P0;PD/0;>1:->1'50;PD/20B4b~7-0;$D/2=/0;"!0>1=i"78-"!Bz0;P/;)0 .6>6D/0;:%BP",b'8-Q+ ) #>1M

Q 0B8-9$%U>6=L-,/>1->?IB%:'50D/9:0;eD/>6S778,/@0;eW;)0 .6>1D/0;h%BO 0$0;h0B4b~7-0;D/\ ,/j'0;"!,/9 IL0;.6,/9P\
%Bj!,b'78-Q+ ) #>67@%BO 00B4b~7-0;\D/: ,/|'0;"!,/9 ()% 8-%ba9$%B-9!'5"",b83%>?8"8-.17I(%B=i-(MN%(83%
.67>1-0B8-7A#0;9#0;=/V/#7>69P=L-0;A9$%B>6K'/8-0;Q ,/=/D/0;aC'0D/79P0;AD/>1S78e,/j,/9W;)0 .1>6D/0\) ,/9 0B4b~7"0:D/
D/>69:=/%BO 0P|9 @%BT",b'8-Q+ ) #>1h%BO 0U0B4b~7-0;eD/]D/>69:=/%BO 0$X9 M
} :W;)0 .1>6D/0;|=/0;U'8-9P>1"99P0D/7.%(8&aN'0B8U /79:'W.60/adD/7'A;)0 ">?-0;:D/H#0;9<4W,/! + ) IL7>6ad-,b8"4W>6=W%B|D/
%&Ib>0;O 7$0;,#%(8"8-0;M^$",b'578-Q+ ) #>6=/0;P'578-9P>?-9 9:0D/.6%(8&aY'0B8 b9:'W.60/aYQ 0;.1VW%BD/'C%('.a
9P9<4/83%B=W%BK0;,. %B/ 9P>6=W%BKD/]9P73%B.M
^D/7gW=/>!#( 0;O \9P%(-9 ()% ->1#&%BeD/7!-]0B4b~7-0;!&O%B0ZQ 0B83%D/0#0;=i"b-0ZD/!-%B]=/0B-%B](a'50B8>6"!0/a
gW#&%(8-79P0;A#70;97!3%Be>1D) >%BT>6=L-,/>?->1I(%BM
0FZB)% .6#,/.10D/:,/9$%ZIB%(8->()% IL.a*#0;=/V/#79P0;@0;\W;)0 .6>1D/0;jD/:8-IL0;.6, #B %BO 0/
M 0B8j /79:'W.60/a*0W;)0 .1>6D/0
D/8-7IL0;.6, #( %BO 0 0B4/->1D/0f;>?83%B=/D/079 "0B8-=/0D/04> b0D/0;Z %8-f;>%BO 0.6>19P>1-%BDW%z'.10 fB8C()% gW#0D/

aC M !%:0:"7f;,/>6=L-jD/!=/V/0/
} \'W.%B=/0;]%BO 0+/9:'W.10;D/:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6M:^"7f;,/>18@D/gW=/>18-9:0;j,/9 =/0mIL0H->1'50HD/U",b'78"Q+ ) #>1B

%BT",b'78"Q+ ) #>1h,TB)% Db8">6#&%BM
<
~ d
%(479P0;K,/0U#70;= ~,/=i-0UD/]"0D/0;K0;Y'0;=L-0;@R-b ,/\-%(">6"QR%BS79%| ,W%#B %BO 0|f;783%B.D/0
"f;,/=/D/0jfB83%B,U=W%BNI(%(8->&()% IL>1 AzT) ,/9$%"b#B %BO 0j# 0;/ =/>6#&%b'C%(8C()% 40;.6%bai7.6>1'W!Ba V/>?'Y7) 8"450;.6T0;,P%B.6f;,/9P%
Q 0B8-9$%XD/f;=/83%BDW%PD/"-%BA#,b8"I(%BaC#0;9P0|,/9'50;=i-0U0;,,/9'C%(8eD/]8-73%B7M
9 aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0:f;78-%B.*D/0U"f;,/=/D/0PfB8-%B,=W%BTI(%(8->()% IL>6KaW$j ) P-53L baW0;=/D/B
P-53Lc
e hz|p]e W
0;=/D/]0;A#0 7gW#>1=i"eD/0;K-78-9:0;YD/\"7f;,/=/D/0PfB83%B,Z=%BO 0:%BO 0X-0D/0;K=i,/.60;aWD/]9P0D/0X ,/\0|fB83%B,
DW%U7,W%#B %BO 0j) M

} ",b4#70;= ~,/=i-0 a/D/7gW=/>1D/0P'0B8&

-53Ld $-53Lc
]) #VW%B9P%BD/0:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6@ ,TB)% Db8->6#&%|0;, ,TB)% Db8->6#&%U#=L"83%B.M

5-%B=/D/08-0B-%#B 0;O :H"83%B=/".6%#B 0;O Z) '0;"+) IL.T9P0;!"83%(8U,//>1!-9 0;P"f;,/>1=i":->?'0;:D/", `
'8-Q+ ) #>1e ,TB)% Db8->6#%Be=%BO 0:D/7f;=/783%BDW%B
mY.6>?'WW;)0 >6D/7M
; >1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/]._+ ) ->6#0|0;,D/\,/9$%XQ 0;.6VW%bM
L >1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/]D/\D/,W%BAQ 0;.6VW%BM
2 N%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/.+) ->6#70/M
2 N%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/V/>1'578"4A;)0 .6>1#0/M
TFK0;=/7M
TFK>1.6>6=/Db8"0;M
^h'/8-!=i-%(8-9P0;$%BU,W%#( 0;O P,/D/7gW=/9 %B:,TB)% Db8->1#&%B:#7=i"8-%BDW%B$=W%z0B8->6f;79M^:0;,b!83%B
Q 0B8-9$%BT9$%B>1Tf;83%B>6K'0 D/9"78hD/-78-9P>1=W%BDW%Be%X'C%(8"->?8eD/]"83%B=/".6%#B 0;O e8-0B3%#( 0;O M
59$%XQ 0B8-9$%<4AB)% ">6#%:D/\7!40#& %(8e,/9$%U!,b'78-Q+) #>6\,TB)% Db8->1#&%]) D/7-78"9P>6=W%(8A0;A>1=i"78-"7'/"0;h#0;90;
3> /0;]#00B8-D/7=W%BD/0;j|D/"=/VW%(8<!,W%Bj"b#( 0;O j8-7-%Ba0;,G"!%ba%B\>1=i-8-"b#B 0;O 7@DW%H",b'578-Q+ ) #>6P#70;9
0;K'W.%B=/0;e#700B8-D/=W%BD/0;7aC3%B9<4) 9#3VW%B9$%BDW%BK"83%#7 0;eDW%U ,TB)% Db8->6#%bM
^ ,TB)% Db8->6#%B#=L"83%B>1Y%('/8-!=i-%B9 ">19P7"8->6%B798-7.%#B %BO 0<%\#&%BDW%j,/9 D/0;d'W.%B=/0;#00B8-D/7=W%BD/0;M
X=W%Z7,W%#B %BO 0Z,/XD/7gW=/U%Z ,TB)% Db8->6#%!,b4W!->1",/>69P0;z'50B6
8 T|%,W%#( %BO 0H=%BO 0"U%B.1-83%ba%
,TB)% Db8">6#&%) ">69) "8->6#%X798".%#B %BO 0U%B0<'W.%B=/0|bbW"",b4W!">1-,/>19P0;KP'0B8 A$]%X,W%#( %BO 0U=%BO 0|"
%B.1"783%baL%,TB)% Db8->1#&%T) !>697) !8->6#&%98".%#B %BO 0]%B0'W.%B=/05b "K",b4W~->1-,/>19P0;d'50B8 e]A% ,W%#B %BO 0
=%BO 0X"%B.1"783%bab%< ,TB)% Db8->6#&%z) ">197) "8">6#&%j79 8-.6%#B %BO 0|%B0@'W.%B=/0<5U"",b4W!->?-,/>69:0;-53LN'50B8
K T5 ALYj%|,W%#B %BO 0U=%BO 0P"\%B.1-83%baC%U,TB)% Db8">6#&%\) ">197) "8">6#&%X98-.%#( %BO 0E%U 0B8">6f;9
~~ ~
^v7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0:.1>1'WW;)0 >1D/jD/j#7=i!8-0P=W%U0B8">6f;9 B)
v
;

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;e 3b3Labm3L$b3b M

>69:7"8->6%B% ,W%#B %BO 0=%BO 0"%B.?-783%"",b4W!">1-,/>19P0;-53LP'0B8TT5ALX.60;f;0/a0
.1>1'WW;)0 >1D/\-9">19P7"8">%X98-.%#( %BO 0E%U 0B8">6f;9M
83%#7 0;AD/0U.6>?'WW;)0 >6D/B
> Y0X'W.%B=/0:@) %|.6>?'W"B v;M
>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ub\) %U7.6>1'W!B BM
>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %U.1>1'W"B v

9'C%(8"">6#,/.6%(8e" X T
a/-9P0;7

,W%#B %BO 0: ,/\8-7'/8""=L3%P%|"Q 783%PD/\#=L"8-0P=W%|0B8->6f;7983%B>10 M

9f;78-%B.aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0U.6>?'WW;)0 >6D/\#=L"83%BD/0P=/0|'0;=L-02R - 3 P

B)
9 v;

9'C%(8"">6#,/.6%(8&aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0: ,/]8-'/8-"=L3%$%|"Q 783%UD/j#=L"8-0:9 R - 3 K ]83%B>60 B)

:z

v~< $ !
^v7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0:V/>1'578"450;.&;)0 >6D/\D/j,/9$%XQ 0;.6VW%|D/j#7=i"8"0P=W%U0B8->1f;9 B)

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M
v
;

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;e 3b3L$bm3LM

V/>1'578"450;.&;)0 >6D/-9">19P7"8->6%<98".%#B %BO 0%U 0B8->1f;9M
83%#7 0;AD/0UV/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/jD/\,/9$%XQ 0;.6VW%b
> Y0X'W.%B=/0:@) %|.6>?'W"B v;M

>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ub\) %UV/>?'Y7) 8"450;.6B b L BM
>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %UV/>1') 8"40;.1B v;M
^T,W%#B 0;O 7

/ L v

v
;

8-7'/8""=L3%B93%B9<4) 9V/>1'578"40;.;)0 >6D/YD/e,/9$%@Q 0;.6VW%bMN0j'/8->19P>?8-0@#&%B"0<0<7>4/0<D/0<V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/

]) 0:3> /0|D/0;A$]=/0:"7f;,/=/D/0P#&%B"0U0:3> /0|D/0;TM } "78-9P0|=/fL%(->?IL0U=W%|,W%#B %BO 0|>6=/D/>1#&%U0U4> b0
D/0:V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/BM

v~< $ ! d d
^v7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0:V/>1'578"450;.&;)0 >6D/\D/jD/,W%BAQ 0;.6VW%BTD/j#=L"8-0:=W%U0B8->1f;9 B)
v;
0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M
=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b M

V/>1'578"450;.&;)0 >6D/]D/jD/,W%BAQ 0;.6VW%BT-9">69:7"8->6%|98-7.%#B %BO 0%U 0B8->1f;9M
83%#7 0;AD/0UV/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/jD/\D/,W%BeQ 0;.1VW%B
> Y0X'W.%B=/0:5N=/=/Vi,/9$%bM

>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ub\) %UV/>?'Y7) 8"450;.6B v
;M

>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %UV/>1') 8"40;.1B v
^T,W%#B 0;O 7
v

v
;

8-7'/8""=L3%B93%B9<4) 9 V/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/ D/YD/,W%BNQ 0;.6VW%B7M 0h'/8->69P7>18-0h#%B"00>4b0D/0]V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/

j) 0:4> b0:D/0;e@=/0:"f;,/=/D/0$#&%B"0:0P>4b0:D/0;A5M } -78"9P0U'50;">1->?IL0:=W%:7,W%#B %BO 0P>1=/D/>6#&%U0P>4b0
D/0:V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/BM

dC $ ! /
^ 7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0U'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >6D/].+ ) ->1#0:D/]#=L"8-0P=W%U0B8->6f;9 B)
v
b

;0 =/D/ m v =%BO 0%BO 0= ,/.10;MN%(83% baT%B:'C%(8C()% 40;.6%BP-9 %#70;=/#&% I>6DW%BD/IL0;.?3%BDW%

'C%(83%#7>69$%bM6N%(83% ba0H'C%(8-%(40;.&;)0 >1D/L%(4/8-'C%(83%H#7>69$%bM|PQ 0B8-9$%Z%B=TB)% .60;fL%ba*" ba*0
'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >6D/
L%(4/8-|'C%(83%|4C%B>3/0/M
=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b3LM

>69:7"8->6%BN%|7,W%#B %BO 0X=%BO 0|"]%B.1-78-%|"",b4W~->1-,/>19P0;2:'50B8 K2;T5/.60;f;0/a0X'C%(8-%(40;.&;)0 >1D/
-9">19P7"8">%X98-.%#( %BO 0P%B0;A'W.6%B=/0;AU]bM
83%#7 0;AD/0|'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/]._+ ) ->6#0/

> Y0X'W.%B=/0:5N0U'50;=i"02b3b3LM
>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ub\) %|'C%(8W()% 40;.%b bM
>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %|'C%(8C()% 450;.%b

bM
dC $ ! < $ !
^ 7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0U'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >6D/]V/>1'578"4A;)0 .1>6#0PD/]#=L"8-0:=W%:0B8->6f;79 ()
v
b

0;=/D/ C m \2v=%BO 0:%BO 0$= ,/.10;M N%(83% ba5%BA'C%(8C()% 40;.6%B<"8-%# 0;e=/0P'W.6%B=/0$bPj5LT-9 %
#0;=/#&%&Ib>1DW%BD/\IL0;.?3%BDW%X'C%(8-%|4C%B4> b0/M

>69:7"8->6%BN%|7,W%#B %BO 0X=%BO 0|"]%B.1-78-%|"",b4W~->1-,/>19P0;2:'50B8 K2;T5/.60;f;0/a0X'C%(8-%(40;.&;)0 >1D/

V/>1'578"450;.&;)0 .6>1#0U"9">69P"8->%<98-.6%#B %BO 0P%B0;K'W.%B=/0;Ab|]5bM
83%#7 0;AD/0|'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/]V/>1'8"4A;)0 .6>1#0/
> Y0X'W.%B=/0:5@]) ,/9'C%(8AD/\8-3%Be ,/\"\>6=L-78-!#73%B9=W%U0B8->1f;9M

bM
>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ub\) %|'C%(8W()% 40;.%b
bM
>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %|'C%(8C()% 450;.%b
c W
^v7,W%#B %BO 0U,/8-7'/8-!=i-%P0:#0;=/\._+ ) ->6#0UD/\#7=i!8-0P=W%:0B8->1f;9 B)

b
0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M


>69:7"8->6%Bd%U ,W%#B %BO 0:=%BO 0U"@%B.?-783%|"\!,b4W!->1",/>69P0;j-53L'0B8@KT5AL/.60;f;0/a/0U#0;=/
.+ ) ->1#0|"9 !>69P7!8->%<98-.6%#B %BO 0E%| 0B8->6f;9M
83%#7 0;AD/0U#0;=/j.+ ) ->1#0/
> Y0X'W.%B=/0:@) %|0B8->6f;9M
>6>0U'W.%B=/0Ubb baWD/,W%BA8-7-%BA ,/j"\>6=L-78-"7#73%B9=W%:0B8->1f;9M
>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5b L baWD/,W%BT8-73%BT,/]"j>1=i"78-"#3%B9 =W%U0B8->6f;9M
} "83%# 0U9,/9'W.6%B=/0Pj $
'C%(83%B.67.60U%B0U'W.%B=/0|5$-79 %|,W%#( %BO 0/
b

,/8-7'/8""=L3%P,/9$%|.6>?'W"BM
!!~ C
:) ,/9P%Z#,b8!IB%H'W.6%B=W%
U) ,/9$%8"73%=%BO 0H">1-,W%BDW%H=/09P!9P0Z'W.6%B=/0DW%H#7,b8"IB%ba=L&O%B00
#0;= ~,/=L-0:D/-0 DW%BT%B8-73%BY'C%(83%B.1.%BK%,/>6=L-78""#73%B9 J) #3VW%B9$%BD/0X#>1.6>6=/Db8"0/Md^#,b8!IB%
j) D/>1-%:D/>18-"8->6S]D/0P#>1.6>1=/Db8-0Pj#%BDW%U8-73%U,/\'C%B!-%U'0B8 'C%(8-%B.6.6%P%j) #3VW%B9$%BDW%|f;783%("8->1S
D/0:#7>6.6>1=/Db8-0/M
]%B#0B8-D/0|#0;9%|0B4W!78"I(%#B %BO 0/a/0U#7>6.6>1=/Db8-0XD/\f;83%("8->1SY'C%(83%B.67.%BK%B0|4> b0|D/0;T|"=/D/0U#70;9P0
D/>18"7"8->1S\,/9$%|.6>?'W"]=/0:'W.%B=/0|5#=L"83%BDW%U=W%U0B8->1f;9ab-9 ,W%#B %BO 0/
v;

E]) #3VW%B9$%BD/0:#7>6.6>1=/Db8-0:7._+ ) ">6#0/MA =%BO 0P%BO 0U= ,/.10;3M
#%$ ' &N

> '0B8h+/9:'W.10:%|,W%#( %BO 0B)
b b

0B4/-9:0;A0U#VW%B9P%BD/0U#>1.6>1=/Db8-0U'C%(83%(4A;)0 .1>6#0/Me =%BO 0:%BO 0U= ,/.10;3M!=/V/0G%U 7",/78"DW%bM
>6> \'0B8Ab9:'W.60U%: ,W%#B %BO 0()
b

0B4/-9:0;A0U#VW%B9P%BD/0U#>1.6>1=/Db8-0:#b), 4W>1#0/M =%BO 0:7%BO 0:=i,/.60;3M"=/V/0G%| D/>18-7>13%bM

9f;83%B.ab!\=W%X,W%#( %BO 0U ,/]D/7"#78-7IL],/9$%<,TB)% Db8">6#&%XQR%B.13%<,/9$%@I(%(8->&()% IL7.ab.6%X8"7'/8-"7=i3%U,/9

#>1.6>6=/Db8"0/aC#70;9f;83%("8->1SK'C%(83%B.6.6%BX%X IB%(8">&()% IL.,/]QR%B.1-%bM
]
mY^#V/j%U=W%(-,b8"S&%:DW%|,TB)% Db8->1#&% X
N/N L ;hbM
FY0;9:'W.67-%B=/D/0U0;A,W%BDb83%BD/0;
;h m! / e ;" ;
%U7,W%#B %BO 0|8-7'/8-!=i-%P,/9 .1>1'WW;)0 >1D/\#7=i!83%BD/0P=/0:'50;=i-0~;3be;M
;7-8-9P>6=/h%@,W%#B %BO 0XDW%@!Q 783%X#0;=/# / =L"8->1#&%%X 7"Q 783%@ E z ]( \
],/\'C%B!-%U'7.60U'50;=i"02 M
FY0;9P0X%BK"Q 783%BT%BO 0X#0;=/# 7/ =i"8">6#&%BaW#0;9U'W.673%B9:0;0;K,W%BDb83%BD/0;Y'C%(83%<D/7-8-9P>6=W%(8K0|#=L"8-0|DW%
"Q 83%UDW%BDW%b $ Y jR\; Am GL /=L&O%B0/ab0
#=L"8-0 P) e \;3L@%U,W%#B %BO 0P) U; m L M N%(83%UD/7-78-9:>6=W%(8
,/-%B9P0;T0:QR%("0:D/j ,/\0|'0;=L-02 '8"-=/#%U !Q 783%bC.60;f;0 bev MN^ ,W%#B %BO 0B)

XN
|; m L v
L 78">1gW,/],/\%U>1=i"78-"b#( %BO 0PD/0:'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >6D/]V/>1'578"4A;)0 .1>6#0 b #0;90U'W.6%B=/0
@ 5<$ Q 0B8-9P%BDW%X'50B8hD/,W%BA8"73%BM
N%(83%|D/7-78-9:>6=W%(8e%U>6=L-78""b#B %BO 0/aWD/7IL9:0;T8-7"0;.1IL78e0:">1!-9P%|D/\,W%#B 0;O 7j

b

5X

f;,W%B.%B=/D/0:%BA ,W%#B 0;O T'0B8b 5 bW#0;9U'W.673%B=/D/0U0;A W, %BDb83%BD/0;

9
| 9
5

b

5 M
.60;f;0/N9

P7-78-9:>6=/%,W%#B %BO 0DW%!,b'78-Q+) #>6EQ 0B8-9$%BDW%'7.60#0;= ~,/=i"0 D/0;'0;=L-0;<7 -53L
,/>6D/>6~3%B=i"eD/0|'W.%B=/0U<
jU]D/0:'50;=i-0 e3b3LM D/=i">1gW,/j%U",b'578-Q+ ) #>6BM
!%B9 %<D/>1!8/%B=/#>6%|D/0<'0;=L-067%B0<'W.%B=/0<6
]| %XD/>1!8/%B=/#>6%|D/0X'0;=L-0;7%B0<'0;=L-0
e3b3Lb.10;f;0/a

L | ; MFY0;9P0 aW"9P0;
Z
^v!,b'78-Q+ ) #>6G\) ,/9'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/].+ ) ->6#70/M

P7-78-9:>6=/%,W%#B %BO 0DW%!,b'78-Q+) #>6EQ 0B8-9$%BDW%'7.60#0;= ~,/=i"0 D/0;'0;=L-0;<7 -53L

,/>6D/>6~3%B=i"<DW%Bh8-73%B a,/@'C%B""%$'5.%$0B8->1f;9 =W%$D/>?8-b#B %BO 0G~;3b3LYBa ,/@'C%B"-%P'7.60
'0;=L-0b&;3L=W%UD/>?8-b#B %BO 0b3b&mM D/=L->1gW ,/<%U",b'578-Q+ ) #>6BM

!% 7T j%D/>6~8/%B=/#>%D/0'50;=i"0 7 %8-7-% @ ;; #0;9P0 7T j
-9:0;
7T a
U
^v!,b'78-Q+ ) #>6G\) ,/9'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/]V/>1'578"4A;)0 .6>1#0/M
E0;~"8-e ,/e"A0\'50;=i-0 7 R - 3 '578"-=/#7%B0\'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >1D/AV/>?'78"4A;)0 .1>6#0@@ P a

=L&O%B0/a %B8-7-%B ,/T'C%B"-%\'5.60]'0;=L-0:7 =W%\D/>?8-b#B %BO 0;&;A P !N ,/A'C%B!-%\'7.60
'0;=L-0 7 =W%:D/>?8-b #B %BO 0];\;eA "K7!&O%B0:#70;=i->1DW%Be=/0|'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/] V/>1'8"4A;)0 .6>1#0/M
FY0;=/">6D/78"9P0;A%|8-7-% M 9:0;

"N

!N
W
!

6. 0;f;0/aY
! " v
p W
!M N%(83% 0
'/8-0 #D/>69:=i"0@) %B=W%B.10;f;0/M
#%$ '&N d } G0B4b~7-0;2/;)0 .6>6D/0;2D/0 ,/,b->6.1>6S&%(8"9P0;=/~--b"0%BO 0D/gW=/>6D/0;
%("83%&I7) AD/\>6=/ ,W%#B 0;O M
]

m R-3L

/ m b * _ M } #0;= ~,/=L-0
8-7'/8""=L3%:,/9'C%(83%B.67.67'*+ ) 'D/0:8"73%B=/f;,/.%(8M

; R-3LX
M } #0;= ~,/=L-0 8"7'/8-"7=i3%E,/9$%40;.6%
W;)0 .1>6DW%:D/\#=L"8-0$=W%:0B8->1f;9j83%B>10 ;0 ,0P#0;= ~,/=L-0D/\"0D/0;e0;TIL7-0B8-7eD/j=/0B8"9$%U9P7=/0B8h0;,
>6f;,W%B.*% M
L -53Lez C

#>1.6>6=/Db8"0:#>?8-#,/.%(8T8-7"0:D/@%B.?-,b83% Z\83%B>10 M
M } #0;= ~,/=L-0 X) ,/9$%:'50B8;#B %BO 0D/0
\
) 0:W;)0 .1>6D/0U0B4/->6D/0|'.6%|8-7IL0;.1, #B %BO 0:D/\,/9$%|8"f;>%BO 0|D/0:'W.%B=/0UQ #3VW%BDW%P\.1>69P>?3%BDW%<'0B8A,/9$%

#,b8"I(%b
0B-],/-0D/0;T!"e#0;= ~,/=L-0;e'50;"",/9IL0;.6,/9P(M

? 7"78-9P>1=/ 1 7 7 a/"B
;M6m 7
~;&m27
3b&m
;M L 7
~m;;&m 7 Bb&;m
;M 7 b3b&m2 7 bAb;
;M 7
~;&;&m27 3b3L
;M L 7
~ \m&;m27 \; b]m
;M6;m 7
hBL27 b b L
;M6 L 7
b3b&m27 b3L
;M ; 7
Ab\m7
~
;M 7
& 27 e Bb&;m
;M 7
b&m];m27 &
;M 7
~;&;]m7 3b&m
;M6 L 7
&m7
e
;M6m; 7
] & &m27
h
;M6 7
7
;M6 7
_ 7

; e;
;M6 7 ~;;Bb; 7 b3b3L

7"78-9P>1=/ 1 ! 1 \0;TIL7-0B8-7A,/=/>?C)%(8->60;T=W%BeD/>?8-b#B 0;O 7eD/ 1 1 aW"B
M6m 1 ~;&m 1 3b&m
M ; 1 Ab\m 1 ~;
M L 1 _ e; 1 h&m
M 1 &; 1 ehBb]m
M 1
eb 1 beb;
M 1
~;&;&m 1 b3b3L
M 1
b&;]m 1 b
M 1
];\;]m 1 eb;
7"78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60:Q 0B8"9$%BD/0U'5.60;KIL7-0B8-7

bM6m 1 ];\m 1 3b&m
bM L 1 _eh; 1 ];&m
bM 1 e 1 3bh;
bM 1 ~;&;&m 1 b3b3L
1 1 aC!B
bM ; 1 ];h]m 1 ~;h
bM 1 ~;&; 1 hAb]m
bM 1 b&;]
m 1 b
bM 1 ]
;\ ;] m 1 e b;
M L 1 e&;m 1
\;3b]m
M6 L 1 &m 1 e
M6;m 1 b];&m 1
h ]m M6m; 1
& 1 _ b];3

bM L 1 e\m 1 ~;3b&m
bM6 L 1 &m 1 e3L
7"78-9P>1=/\0|IB%B.10B8 :3%B.,/]0;A"7f;,/>6=L-eIL7"0B8-T"!%B90B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>67
be C 1
~;
M6m 1
C\;]m 1
b3b&m
M L 1
M ; 1 ];&; 1 ;\;&m
C&; 1 eC
M 1
7"78-9P>1=/ 1 1 aC!B
M6m 1 ];\m 1 3b&m
M ; 1 ];h]m 1 ~;h
M L 1 _eh; 1 ];&m
M 1 ~;&; 1 hAb]m
M 1 e 1 3bh;
M 1 b&;]m 1 b
M 1 ~;&;&m 1 b3b3L
M 1 ];\;]m 1 eb;
M L 1 e\m 1 ~;3b&m
M6 L 1 &m 1 e3L
M6;m 1 b&;]m 1 3b&m
M6m; 1 ~;3b&m 1 b&m
M6 L 1 b&;; 1 \m
M6 1 ~; ; 1 ];\m
M6 1 ~ b&m 1 3L
M6 1 ~ &;3 1 b]
7"78-9P>1=/\0|IB%B.10B8eD/ P 3%B>1A ,/\0;T"f;,/>1=i-7eIL7-0B8-7A"!%B9 #0B'W.6%B=W%(8-
M6m 1 ~;eL 1 ~;C &m
1 b&mM
M ; 1 \;C ; 1 b
1 \;3b&mM
M L 1 ~;C 3L
1 ;3b M
1 ~;&m
M 1 b&;\m 1 C 3b&m
1 ;&; M
7"78-9P>1=/j% ()% 8-&%UD/0U"8->%B/ =/f;,/.10 7 |a/"B

~;];;
M6m 7
M ; 7 Ab3b
M L 7 3b3L

b3b]m

_];eL

b 3L

b &mM
&;\mM
b3b;M

bA
L 3b&mM
M 7 ];3L
7"78-9P>1=/\0|IL0;.6,/9P]D/0U'C%(83%B.1.6'*+ ) '7D/0PQ 0B8-9$%BD/0X'0B8 7 :a 7 7 \
M6m 7 b3b3L
~;]
;; b3b\ m b &mM
M ; 7 _&;]
m
b3b;
h
&m eb3LM
7"78-9P>1=/ 7 7 aW"B
bM6m 7 ~;&m27 3b&m
bM ;27 A b] m7 ~
bM L 7 ~m;;&m 7 Bb&;m
b 7 & 27 e Bb&;m
bM 7 b3b&m27 bA b;
bM 27 b&m] ;m27 &
bM 7 ~;&;&m27 3b3L
bM 27 ~;&;] m7 3b&m
bM L 7 ~ \ m&;m27 \ ; b] m bM1 L27 &m7 e
bM6;m 7 h 7 b
bM1m;27 _ 7 _e
bM6 L 7 be b;27 b&m
bM1 27 b3b 27 &m
? 78->?gW,/],/]'C%(83%|-0 D/0 1 1 /-9 ` "B

bM6m 1 ! 1 1 1 M
bM ; 1 1 1 1 M
bM LK 1 1 1 1 1 1 M
bM 1 1 1 1 K 1 1 (M
bM 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 M
? ; !%B9 7 b a 7 e;T:7 & M78->?gW,/@ ,/ 7 7 7 7 %BO 0
0B8"-0;f;0;=W%B>1KjD/7-8-9P>6=/],/9'0;=L-073%B. ,/ 7 a 7 a 7 7 Q 0B8-9:9,/98-8/%B=/;f ,/.60/M
? m !%B9 7 3b K 97 _Ab MK]-78-9P>1=/@0$'0;=L-07 !0B4/8-X%:8-73%P ,/<.6>1fL%7

!
!
! !
! !
!
!
!
! !
!
!
% 7 3%B. ,/ 7 7 7 7 M
? 7"78-9P>1=/j%|,W%#B %BO 0UD/0:'W.%B=/0|'C%B"-%B=/D/0:'5.60;T'0;=L-0; 7 a
bM6m 7 Ab3b;
7 &;
7 7 aW"=/D/0/
7 &;3L

bM ; 7
_&;
bM L 7
~;&;&m
7 ~;];;
7 b] ;&m
7 ~;] ;] m
7 b3bA L
7 A b
7 ];&m
7 _] ;\ m
bM 7 ~;];&m
7 b] ;&m
bM 7 b ;
7 _ ;
bM 7 _3b&m
7
bM 7 ~ & be;7 ~;&;&m
7 ~ ]
bM L 7 ~;&;;
7 ~ ];& L
7 3b&
? d7-8-9P>6=/:% ,W%#B %BO 0D/0'W.6%B=/0'C%B"-%B=/D/0'5.60'50;=i"0 7 b\ ;;a'578"'5=/D/>6#,/.6%(8%
8-7-%HD/7-8-9P>6=W%BDW%'0B8 7 _&; e67 eb]; MX^#3V/P%HD/>1!8/%B=/#>6%HD/0Z'0;=L-0"
7 %B0
'W.%B=/0/M
? 78->?gW,/|,/:%H>6=L-78""b#B %BO 0D/0;'W.%B=/0;]$ dZ U|$N U) ,/9$%$8-7-%bM
^#3V/@%|D/>6!8/%B=/#7>%UD/0U'0;=L-07p~;3b&m%|"-%|8-73%bM
? 7-78-9:>6=/<%P ,W%#B %BO 0D/0$'W.%B=/0P'C%(83%B.1.60%B0P'W.6%B=/0cUd; :vP< ,/@'C%B"-%P'7.60

'0;=L-0 7v;&;&mM
? ]-78-9P>1=/H0'W.%B=/0'8"'=/D/>1#,/.%(8E% 8"73% hZH ,/Z'C%B!-%E'5.60'0;=L-0
7p~;3b ]mM
? b]-78-9P>1=/K%]7,W%#B %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/0'78"'5=/D/>6#7,/.%(8%B0;c'W.%B=/0; Z @Y | |<
],/\'C%B!-%U'7.%U0B8">6f;9M
? e7-78-9:>6=/%,W%#( %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/00B8""0;f;0;=W%B.h%B0IL7-0B8G_3b X2,/2'C%B"-%'7.60'0;=L-0

~; 3LM
B 7"78-9P>1=/j%|D/>6!8/%B=/#7>%UD/0U'W.%B=/0:D/0U/8-#;+ ) #7>60 Y%U 0B8->1f;9@%B0|'0;=L-02~ b& BLM

u r y x7s r<o
? 7"78-9P>1=/j%|=W%(-,b8-S&%UDW%Be"f;,/>1=i"e ,TB)% Db8->6#&%B7

;M6m BbN Le
;M L B
;M ;Y d/dbM
;M bM

;M |
;M
;M BXbM
;M |
bM
;M L
;M1 L M
h5 ">6.6>1S&%B=/D/0P%X)#=/>1#&%UD/0;T"83%# 0;7aC7!40 #j0UfB8C()% gW#0:D/\#&%BDW%U ,TB)% Db8->6#%:D/0:b78-#B+) #>60 ? M

7"78-9P>1=/j%|=W%(-,b8-S&%UDW%:#,b8"I(%U0B4/->1DW%|'5.%X'/8-0(~b#B %BO 0P=/0|'W.%B=/0UDW%U>1=i-8-"b#B %BO 0:D/:
bM6mYe vjj z bM
bM ;HX\Z M
bM LY<
B \<( M
N7"78-9P>1=/|0;I(%B.60B8-D/ 3%B>1,/U%H>6=L-78""b#B %BO 0HD/0H'W.%B=/0P Z#0;9%,TB)% Db8->1#&%
j"!%:,/9$%X.6>?'W"j],/9$%UV/>?'Y7) 8"450;.6Ba/8-~'#7">1I(%B9P=L-BM
78->?gW,/@ ,/< <B : :>6=L-78-!#73%BX =i,/9 /), =/>1#0P'0;=L-0$jD/-78-9P>1=/

0U'50;=i"0/M
7"78-9P>1=/ C m /D j9:0D/0|,/j0;K'0;=L-0;TDW%BD/0;A'578"-= # %B9 %| ,TB)% Db8->1#&%b

0;=/D/B
M6m~;&;]ma&;3La 3LM
M ;_] ;&mae b3b3La~;\;e;M
M L~;] mab&;3La_&;e ;M
*7-8-9P>6=/\%: ,W%#B %BO 0PDW%|",b'78"Q+ ) #>1<D/7gW=/>6DW%U'5.60:#0;= ~,/=i"0$D/0;A'0;=L-0;7-53L3%B>1
,/\%XD/>6!8/%B=/#7>%UD/
7 %B0|>4b 0UD/0;K\) 0|D/0B4/8-0UDW%UD/>6~8/%B=/#>%XD/
7 %B0X'W.%B=/0UbbM D/=L->1gW ,/@%
",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6BM
,/%D/>6!8/%B=/#7>%D/ 7
%B0>4b0D/0;P ) DW%D/>6! %B/ =/#>%D/ 7
%B0z'W.%B=/05bM D/=L->?gW,/%
",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6BM

,/K%D/>1!8/%B=/#>6%D/7%B0h'50;=i"0:b3b&mY) >6f;,W%B.*%h D/>6!8/%B=/#7>%D/27%B0'W.%B=/0| \;M D/=L->?gW,/

%U!,b'78-Q+ ) #>6(M
? 78->1gW ,/e ,/h0j'0;=L-097p~;3b ]m'78""=/#%B0j'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >1D/eV/>1'578"4A;)0 .1>6#0
hD/7"78-9P>1=/h%B ,W%#B 0;O DW%BD/,W%B8-73%B,/e'C%B""%B9'0B8 7vA!&O%B0<#0;=L->1DW%B=/0@'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/BM

"!$'
#% &)( * & + -/, .'01- ( +2-/.304-3, + &506(
798;: 01<>=@?BADCFE G ! H # A
KI JMLNJPO JQIDSUR TWVYX T JZ [ X L S]\US_â` S_R \ [ Tcb O [Ydfea[ VYS_g h R e X T Ji[jdfe X Z S_^ [YL>JMd X L S Z S dKO JlVUk JMm [Yd V [jOne âSU` dKZ S
o S ea[YLpS R e `qVrSsb J V JMO V [ ` eaJZ [t X O1VUk Sm J uwvxL S t X O1VUk Sm JyZ [ \ S_R ^z`{S d \_S_â` S_R \ [ ` d ^ [ SU` dD[ R X L S>^ [Y| ^}SN~X [
Z [Yd V^ [ \ [ V JMLNJ X L S>~XS One ` Z S Z [[PR Z [jez[ ^ L ` O S Z SQg J ^ J X e ^}S d ~XS One ` Z S Z [Yd b Z [PL S O [ `^}S X R O `qVYS u
e ^}Sr\ [YR dNZ S d>t X O1VUk JMm [YdZ [ \ S_R â`{S d \US_â` S_R \ [ ` d g JZ [ ^ [YLNJMd>LNJZ [ TqS_^>X L S | ^}S O Z [ ~XS One ` Z S Z [Z [
t[YOJM LN[jO JMdZ JMdL SU` dZ `W\ [ ^ dzJMd âS LNJMdZ S I ` [Y O VY`qS u
[ S>1b J X u
Dn@} vxL S t X O1VUk Sm J9Z [jO ` Z S O JNd XsV JMO X OneaJ 2V JML \_SUT J ^ [jd[YL [ R X L S^ [Y| ^}S>~X [
S dzdzJ VY`{SQSQVrS Z SQX L X R O `qV J>OxX R LN[ ^ J ^ [ SUT 1 1 u
[ R V}S L S Z S\US_â` S_R \ [ T` O Z [ g [YO Z [YOea[PZ S t X O1V_k Sm JN[ S O JUe S VUk Sm J[_R

` [ sb Z [YO JUe S LNJMd a} [ S t X O1VUk Sm J g J ^ 1a} u
`q`{ [ b Z [jO JUe S LNJMd a [ S t X O1V_k Sm J g J ^ 1a u
x
OxX R LN[ ^ JZ [ ` O Z `\ h R Z X JMdxZ [ X L SNV [ ^ e SNV J T JM O `qS Z [t X O |MJMdZ [ g [YO Z [[Ydfdz[YO VY`qSUT LN[YOea[Z S
~XS Oe ` Z S Z [Z [O X e â` [jOnea[jds b Z S]~XS Oe ` Z S Z [Z [S R | XS c b Z S ea[jL g [ âS e Xs^}S c
[9Z Sg ^ [Ydf[YO1Vrk S Z [ X L SV [ ^ e Sg ^ JUea[ ` O S "9 u@ g [ â` LN[jOne SUT LN[YOea[tJ ` J e ` Z SS df[Y| X ` Oea[
e S_ [ T{S
u
u
u
u
u
u
u

g JMdzd `\ [ T L>[YOnez[QO Sm J9ea[YL X L S t J ^ L X T{S VUk Sm J9L S ea[YLS R e `qVrS [ gT hR VY` e Ssb L S d[ R X L S t X O1VUk Sm J [jL
Z [jO ` Z S "a K
M\ J TqX LN[ Z [ X L Vj`qTq` O Z ^ J [R t X 1O UV k Sm JNZ J âSU` JiiZ [d XSQS dz[[Z [d XSNSUT e Xs^}S
9 @
JM|MJ bX L VY`WTq` O Z ^ JZ [ SUT e Xs^}S D '[ ^}SU` J 'ea[jL \ J qT X LN[_
b
S_g ^ Jr ` L S Z S LN[YOea[ b MM
vxL e S O ~X [ gS_âS [YdfezJ VrS |M[YL'Z [>Jr ` |[Y O ` J T h R ~X ` Z J9O X L JMd g` e SUT Z [ \ [Qea[ ^S tJ ^ L S Z [ X L
VY`WTq` O Z ^ J Vj`WâVYX TqS_^x^ [jeaJyZ [ ^}SU` JyN[Z [ SUT e XsâS " LN[je ^ JMd bV JML X L [YL ` dztY[ R â` J[YL VrS Z S
[e ^ [YL ` Z S Z [Uu \ J TqX LN[Z J>e S O ~X [[R Z [Yd Vâ` eaJ>[YL t X O1V_k Sm JNZ S>SUT e Xs^}S 1[Z J ^}SU` JQu
r
l
J [ R _ [JiZ JMdZ J ` d Y[ L ` dftY[ R â` JMd[ R T JM|MJ b J \ J TWX LN[eaJUe SUT

\ J TWX LN[xZ J VY`WTq` O Z ^
[UR
"a 1 U

J ^ [ [YL gT J b zd [ >
S SUT e Xs^}S t J ^ [J âSU` J> b J \ J TqX LN[[R cs 1 u
h R O Z `qV []Z []L S dzd SQV J ^zg J ^}SUTlnX L S O J o I [R [ g ^ [YdzdzJ g J ^
JMO Z [
o I
Z SN o
>
[R J g [jdzJ>[YLMy[ SQSUT e Xs^}S [YL u

` O Z `qVYS dz[ X L Sxg [YdzdfJ S [YdfeSR SUVY` L S J X>S_SU` sJZ J g Y[ dzJ ` Z [ SUT"b dz[Y| X O Z J S zd [Y| X ` Oea[e S_ [ TqS
^ | S O `rS V_k Sm J o X O Z `{SUT Z S SUX Z [
I JMO Z ` VUk Sm J
SU` JiZ J g [YdzJ
[jdzJNO J ^ L SUT
VY` L S Z J g [YdzJ
x [YdzJ

J ^ [ [YL gT J bX L Sg [YdzdzJ S~X [FLN[YZ [ [ g [Yd S M M b ea[YL NcMs

T JM|MJydz[j| X O Z J S e S_ [ T{S [YdfeS R J [jdzJ u |MJ ^}SX L SNg [YdzdzJ S9~X [LN[YZ [ 3[ g [Yd S M M b ea[jL
N"Ms Us T JM|MJ b dz[Y| X O Z J S e S_ [ T{S ea[YL g [YdfJNO J ^ L SUT u
SDT [ ` | ^}Sr\s` e SUVY` JMO SUTX O `W\ [ ^ d SUT Z [x[ wezJMOFdz[Y| X [ ~X [>Z S Z SDX L S9gS_^ erh R VYX TqS Z [>L S dzd S
O S J â` |M[YL Z [ X L d ` dfea[YL S Z [ V JJ ^ Z [YO S Z S dxK b JNLpJMR Z X T JQZ S tJ ^ Vrk S [s[ âVY` Z S dzJ ^ [J X e ^}S
gS_^ erhR VYX T{S Z [L S dzd S d ` e XS Z S O J g JMOeaJpa} [R Z S Z J g J ^X L S t X O1VUk Sm JZ [ \US_^z` S_R \ [ ` d
` O Z [ g [YO Z [YOea[Ydj
" a za}

JMO Z [[ R SQV JMO dfe S Oea[]Z [| ^}S\` e S V_k Sm J X O `\ [ ^ d SUT u
T [ ` Z [ X L |S R d ` Z [ SUT V JMOsO S Z J T [ ` Z
[ S X dzd SUV [ R ]b JMO Z [ [ R SQg ^ [Ydzd Sm J
[YL " x[weaJMO b xX O ` Z S Z [jdZ []LN[YZ ` Z Sb [PR J \ J TWX LN[][jL b [ R S ea[YL g [ ^}S e Xs^}S
[YL | âSUX d[ X L SV JMO dfe S Oea[ ~X [NZ [ g [YO Z [9Z J|S R dju JZ [YL>JMd][ g ^ [Ydzd S_^ J \ J TWX LN[NZ J
|S R dx[YLt X O1VUk Sm JDZ SNg ^ [Ydzd Sm JD[Z S ez[YL g [ ^}S e Xs^}S SNg ^ [Ydfd Sm JZ Jy|S R d[YL t X O1VUk Sm JDZ J \ J TWX LN[P[Z S
ea[YL g [ ^}S e Xs^}S J XS ea[YL g [ ^}S e Xs^}S Z J>|S R dw[YL t X O1VUk Sm J>Z SQg ^ [Ydzd Sm JN[Z J \ J TqX LN[U

x@
x1
w 6

xXS O Z J X L g J TWX [YOnez[[R [YL ` e ` Z J g J ^X L SV}S L ` O [R Z [ >L [je ^ JMdQZ [ SUT e Xs^}SsbSFV JMO V [YO
e ^}S V_k Sm JZ J g J TqX [jOnea[ blS ~X `qT JM LN[je ^ JMdwZ S J â` |M[jL Z S [YL ` dzd Sm J[ S DNL [je ^ JMdZ J V}lSm J g JZ []dz[ ^
S_g ^ Jr ` L S Z Sg J ^

a 1

JMO Z [ a 1 [ a 1 u

J
j
[
n
O
a
e
[

F
[
R
N
L
Y
[
Z

Z
J
Y
[
L
_

L
M
J
|
g TqX
`
`WVj^ ^}S L S d b JMO Z [ [ d Sm J V JMO dfe S Oea[Yd ~X [
Z [ g [YO Z [YL Z S d V JMO Z ` VUk JMm [jd S eaLNJMdztj[ R â`qVrS d[]Z S e S S Z [][YL ` dzd Sm JQZ J g J TWX [YOea[Uu[ S L M [
M u J ^ [ [YL gT J bngS_âS]X L SV}S L ` O[R Z [ bS]V JMOne S L ` O S VUk Sm J S n Z [ Z ` dfe_S O Vj`{S
[ S>X L SiSUT e Xs^}S Z [ [ R N MM M MU _u
[ ` Z J X J TqS L ` O S_^ Z [ J ` df[ X `qTWT [U TWX JNd S O | X hR O [YJ S e ^}Sr\ [jR dZ [ X L \US dzJ bV JMLNJ S_^ e[ R â`qS d
J X \ [ `{S djuIKJMLNJ S d ~XS Oe ` Z S Z [Yd[YO \ J T\s` Z S dPd Sm J g [ ~X [YO S d b@g JZ [YLNJMd V JMO d ` Z [ âS_^~X [ \_S dzJMd
ea[YL tJ ^ L S eaJ Vj`qT hR O Z â`qV J>O Sm J>[ T S R dfe `WV J u
R
[YO JUea[YL>JMd g J ^ J ^}SU` J[xJ V JML g â` LN[YOeaJ b LN[jZ ` Z JMd[YLu [ \` Z J S t â`qV VUk Sm JO S d gS_^ [YZ [Yd
Z J \US dfJ bS\ [ T J Vj` Z S Z [!Z Jyd S O | X [[R L SU` J ^S J T JMO |MJyZ JD[ ` J V [YOne ^}SUT Z J \US dzJ9[Z [ Vj^ [Yd V [idz[
S Z ` dfeS O VY`{S#" c Z J9[ ` J%SN$ gS_^ [YZ [ Vj^ [Yd V [Q[F[ R [ ^ JDO SNgS_^ [jZ [Uu& [ R X L S t X O1VUk Sm JZ [ ~XS e ^ J
\_S_â` S_R \ [ ` dY
a " ' "
JMO Z ([ ' [ R Sx\s` d V J Vj` Z S Z [Z Jd S O | X [w[ S Z ` t[ ^ [YO1Vrk S [YOne ^ [ Sg ^ [Ydzd Sm J]Z S [YOne ^}S Z S [ S Z S d S h R Z S Z J
d S O | X [PO J \_S dzJ b LN[YZ ` Z S [YL " ) U uK g [ â` LN[YOe SUT LN[jOnea[ bgS_âS Jd S O | X [ nX L S O JNO X L S
\ [ `qS * ' M u J ^ [ [YL gT J b dz[ M +b 5 MM b - , [ " MU b ea[jL dz[_
., M MU z MMM /
o [YR Z `qV JMdZ JMdZ [Yd g J ^ eaJMdZ [jdz[YO \ J TW\ [ ^}S L [YL g`Wâ`WVrS LN[YOea[ S dz[Y| X ` Oea[it;J R ^ L X T{SgS_^}SyVrSUTqVYX TqS_^
S S_R ^ [ S Z S d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [Z [ X L Sg [jdzdzJ S [YL t X O1VUk Sm JNZ [dz[ Xg [YdzJN[d XSNSUT e Xs^}S
ww 1 M 2 1 3 54 2 176 54
JMO Z [ [R J g [YdzJ>[YL98 b [ R S>SUT e Xs^}S [jL '[:04[]R LN[YZ ` Z J>[YL uBvxL Sg [YdzdzJ SQ~X [ g [Yd S
U 8N[]LN[YZ [ Z [ \ [ea[ ^wX L S S_R ^ [ S Z S d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [ V J ^zg J ^}SUT
0
U UUM
0

vxL Vj`WâVYX ` eaJ>[ T [jR e z^ `qV JQd ` L g T [Ydy[ R V JMO de ` e X hR Z >J Z [ ^ Y[ d ` dfeaJ ^ [Yd V MJ L>JQO S | sX ^}S
R1
R2
R3
R4
E
` Oea[YO d ` Z S Z [Z SV J ^z^ [YOea[ O [Ydfea[ VY`âVYX ` ezJ x[ R t X 1O _V k Sm JiZ S d ^ [Yd ` de[Y O VY`qS d
ae [YO d Sm JNZ S tJMO ea[ T JM|MJ
3 1

) x[ Z S
3

M g ^ JZ X VUk Sm J \USUT J ^ LNJMO [eS_R â` J>Z JMd [YO d g ^ JZ X Y` Z J9O J S O J Z [ X L S t;S_R â`WVrS [PR Z [jea[ ^
L ` O S Z SQg [ TqS~XS Oe ` Z S Z [Z [Pe âS_SUTq J"[ g ^ [Ydzd S [jL J g [ ^ S_R â` JMd
J ^}S de ^}S_SUTWS Z S dO J S O J [
g [ T J VYS_g` e SUT@` O \ [Ydfe ` Z J Z ` O [ `^ J bV JML g ^}S Z [iL SU~X ` O S_â`{S d b L S es[ R â`qSyg â` L Ssb [je V u u t X O1VUk Sm J
~X [LNJZ [ T{SiSig ^ JZ X VUk Sm J [ R VS L S Z S Z [PIJ J X | TqS d[[R Z S Z SQg J ^
N 5 8

JMO Z [ [ R SP~XS One ` Z S Z [Z [e âS_SUTq J b 8 [R J VrS_g` e SUT` O \ [jdfe ` Z J b [d Sm J V JMO dfe S Onea[jd g JMd ` e `W\_S d
u
J ^ [ [YL gT J b dz[J VYS_g` e SUT` O \ [Ydfe ` Z J[wR Z [ @ M MM [wd Sm JP[YL g ^ [Y| S Z JMd MM J g [ ^ S_R ^z` JMd
J ^}Ssb
Sig ^ JZ X VUk Sm J [R Z S Z SQg [ T{S dz[Y| X ` Oea[t X O1VUk Sm JNZ [IKJ J X | TqS dY
5 8 1 s
8
Y[ Oe Sm J b MM M MM MM u t X O1VUk Sm JZ [ g ^ JZ X VUk Sm J]Z [wIKJ J X | T{S d1ea[jL S df[Y| X ` Oea[

g ^ J g â` [YZ S Z [ gS_^}S eaJZ J b N 8 8 bl` dfeaJ[ R bgS_âS9SUV^ [YR d VY` LNJMd ` | XSU` d
O S~XS One ` Z S Z [Z [e âS_SUTq J][Z [ VrS_g` e SUT ` O \ [jdfe ` Z JJ ea[YLNJMd@JLN[YdzLNJ SUVj^ [YR d VY` LNJO Sg ^ JZ X V_k Sm J u

7987 * A , <jA

0 H

[tJ ^ L SS OSUR T JM| SS JIDSUR TWVYX T JZ [ X L S\US_^z` S_R \ [ T"b JMd V JMO X OeaJMd JMLh R O ` J[L S |M[YL'Z [ X L S
t X O1VUk Sm JNd Sm J ^ [ T [ \_S Onea[jd gS_^}S JQ[Ydfe X Z J>Z S dt X O1VUk JMm [YdZ [ \ S_R â`{S d \US_^z` S_R \ [ ` dYu
[ S 5X L S t X O1VUk Sm J u

`2V JMO X OeaJZ [eaJZ S d S d \US_^z` S_R \ [ ` d ` O Z [ g [YO Z [jOnea[jd e SU` d ~X [1 1 [ ` dfea[[ R V}S L S Z J
Z JMLh R O ` JiZ [[[R Z [YO JUe S Z J g J ^ F u
`q`{V JMO X OeaJZ JMd] e SU` d ~X [N1 1 D[
Fc [ R VS L S Z J ` L S |M[jLZ [[[ R
Z [YO JUe S Z J g J ^ u
s
!#"$ "6 Sg ^ S R e `WVrS JZ JMLh R O ` JZ [ X L S t X O1VUk Sm J2[DR Z [ea[ ^ L ` O S Z J g [ T J V JMOea[sezJZ J
J
Y
[
g ^ T L S u
x
P\ J TqX LN[ Z [ X L VY`WTq` O Z ^ J[NR t X O1VUk Sm JZ J ^}SU` JDZ [d XSS df[[NZ [d XSSUT e XsâS u JM|MJ b
"; @
uKIKJMLNJQJ ^}SU` Ji[ SQSUT e XsâS Z [ X L VY`WTq` O Z ^ J>Z [ \ [jL dz[ ^wg JMd ` e `\ JMd b ea[YLNJMd ~X [U
@ &% B 1 (' ,
)
*
)
*
[ @ u xJ VrS dzJQZ []O Sm JQ[Ydfe S_^V JMO d ` Z [ ^}S O Z J S t X 1O V_k Sm J V JMLNJ \ J TqX LN[ b ea[ ^ h R S LNJMdY
)
*
u
M [ S 1a 1,
+ u
S- B[R Z [jO ` Z S df[ b [dzJMLN[jOnea[dz[ b /.p b J X dz[ S T JM|MJ

@ 0% a 6 1'

T MJ |MJ b F @32 5 4 u

+

[ S 1a 1 u
[R Z [jO ` Z S dz[QJ Z [YO JML ` O S Z J ^ Y[ Oe Sm J b y[ b
B

@&% a 6 '
% z
'
y=x
[ S 1a 1 U /

R Z [O ` Z Jdz[
U / [P
dzJMLN[jOnea[dz[ b [

u
T JM|MJ b J ~X [ SUV JMOea[ V [ b dz[ b [
[YOe Sm J
Fc 0% a '
y=1-x
y=-1-x
1a 1 " u
[ R Z [jO ` Z S dz[ T JM|MJ b
t X O1VUk S m J T JM| S_^ h R eaL W` VrS x
eaJZ J>J>df[YL ` cgT{S O JiZ [jO ` Z J g J ^ % a B
_ ' u
[[xR Z [jO ` Z S [jL

y>x
1a 1 + u

J
Y
[
O
a
e
[

~X Vj` [iR Z [O ` Z Jdf[i T JM|MJ blS t X 1O _V k Sm J[R Z [jO ` Z S [YLeaJZ JyJ

O
Q
J
N
L
[YO JMd Si^ [j| `cSm J>Z [ea[ ^ L ` O S Z Sig J ^ u
gT{S

K 1a} + u

. T JM|MJ bS t X O1VUk Sm J[R Z [jO ` Z S
^}SU`~XS Z ^}S Z S [YdfeS R Z [O ` Z S dz[

[YLeaJZ JJi[jd gS V k JiLN[YO JMd SP^ [Y| `"Sm JiZ [ea[ ^ L ` O S Z SPg J ^ u [J X e ^ JiL>JZ J b eaJZ J
J>[jd gS V k JNLN[jO JMdwJMd \ [jeaJ ^ [jdZ [ iZ []O J ^ L S LN[YO J ^~X [ u
S LN[YdzL S tJ ^ L S~X [O J VrS dfJZ [ X L S\US_â` S_R \ [ Tcb@S dt X O1V_k JMm [Yd g J Tq` O JML `{SU` d]Z [| ^}SUX1b Z [
\ S_R ^z`{S d \_S_â` S_R \ [ ` dea[YL Fc [ S Z [ g [YO Z [wZ J| ^}SUX Z J g J Tq` OJM L ` J u J ^ [s[YL gT J
` []1a} 1 4 xB K 4 b [YOe Sm J b @ u
`q`{ [la x b [YOe Sm J Fc 3
2 ) u
798
? ,H G A C
E< G ! A #

C + ,H ?- H

+ H -? ,H

[ S 5
X L S t X O1VUk Sm J u
Dn@} | ^ S R V JQ Z [[]R J>df[Y| X ` Oea[]d XsV JMO X OeaJZ [
N @ % @1 fB

'
,
s!#"
` [ [ a Y[ Oe Sm J

> @ % a1a z a
Nc [ R b [YL |M[ âSUTcbX L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [P[YL u
J ^ [ [YL gT J b J>| ^ S R V J>Z S t X O1V_k Sm J

'

1a 1 dzzd [[

O Sm
J [ R X L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [Uu
`q`{ [ sb a} [ > [ R
`q`W` S_^}SibSig ^ JU[VUk Sm JNZ J>| ^ S R
X L S M `Wg [ ^ d Xsg [ ^ t h R Vj` [ [YL 3u

V J>Z [PdzJ ^ [J gTqS O JQ[R [ S e S LN[YOea[

798
A<1E<N=@A

C < ,

2V JMO X OeaJNZ []OlhR \ [ T Z [ V MJ L U\ SUT J ^ [R Z [jO ` Z J g J ^

%

M1 @ '
[ b J V JMO X OeaJZ [Oh R \ [ T [R Z ` eaJ VjXs^z\US Z []Oh R \ [ T xZ [P

% a B

Fc M1a '
[ sb J V JMO X OeaJZ [Oh R \ [ T [R Z ` ae J>d sX g [ ^ t hR VY` []Z []Oh R \ [ T xZ [P

0

% a} B

Fc M1a} '

d VYXs^f\US dwZ []Oh R \ [ T d Sm J>J e ` Z S d g [ T{Si` Oea[ ^ dz[VUk Sm JNZ J gTqS O JN V JML S d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [ N u

}
-1
-2
-2
-1
M xJ rV S dzJ sb N 3 g J ^ e S OneaJ b dzJMLN[YOea[ g JZ [ ^ [YL>JMdK[ ``W^ [Yd JlV k JMdZ [d XS ddz[sVUk JMm [jdYu
[N a [ R S ez[YL g [ ^}S e Xs^}S [YL VrS Z SDg JMOeaJDZ [ X L Sy^ [Y| `cSm JDZ J gTqS O J bS d VYXs^z\_S d]Z [
Oh R \ [ T6V J ^f^ [Yd g JMO Z [YL Sg JMOeaJMdZ [ ` | XSUT ea[YL g [ ^}S e XsâS ux[Ydfea[ VYS dzJ b1S d VjXs^z\US dd Sm J V}S L S Z S d
` dfJUea[ ^ L S dju
2
1.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
[i a [iR J g JUez[YO VY`{SUT [ T [jR e â`qV Jy[YL YV S Z Syg JMOneaJa Z [ X L NS ^ [j| `cSm JyZ J gTqS O J bS d
VYXs^z\_S d]Z [iOh R \ [ TV J ^z^ [Yd g JMO Z [YL Syg JMOeaJMdZ [ ` | X SUTg JUea[YO VY`qSUT [ T [jR e â`qV J u xY[ dea[ VYS dzJ bS d VYXs^z\_S d
d Sm J VS L S Z S dw[ ~X `Wg JUea[YO VY`qSU` dYu

-2
-4
-4
-2
]xX e ^}SS_gTW`qVrS V_k Sm J[>R J[jd JlV k JZ [>| ^ S R V JMdPZ [Nt X O1V_k Sm JZ [>Z XS d \US_^z` S_R \ [ ` dYu V JMO dfe âX VUk Sm JZ J
[Yd JlV k JZ J N [R t[ ` e SS dzd ` L X L S\ [ Z S Z JJ \USUT J ^ Z S SUT e XsâS J ea[YLNJMd X L S
VYXs^z\_SgT{S O S [ T [ \_S O Z J VrS Z SVYXs^f\USsb dz[jL [Ydfe `WV S R TqS J XD` O VYTq` OS R T{S J ez[YLNJMdKJ V JMOeaJ ^ O J S_gS_^ [YOea[
Z [ N SUX `qTW`{S Z J g [ TqS ddz[sVUk JMm [Yd> V JML>JO J VrS dfJDZ S d ~X S R Z ^z`qVrS d bg JZ [YL>JMdx[Yd JlVYk S_^ > Z [
tJ ^ L SS de S Onez[[ T u xJUea[ ~X [ VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T L X ` eaJx[jd gS Vrk S Z S d b d ` |MO ` VrS~X [KJ| ^ S R V J Vj^ [jd V [
T [jOne S L>[YOnez[ Z XS d VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T L X ` eaJ g ^ J_R ` L S dPd ` |MO ` VYS~X [yJ| ^ S R V J Vj^ [Yd V [ S_ ^zXsg e S
LN[YOea[Uu
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5

x
[ a ^ [ g ^ [Ydz[jOne SS ae [jL g [ âS e Xs^}S [YL VrS Z Sg JMOnezJZ [ X L
S ^ [Y| `cSm JZ J

gT{S O J bS d VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T J X` dzJUea[ ^ L S dwd Sm J a 1 b` deaJ[UR
;

Bd J V >J Z S d VjXs^z\US dwZ []Oh R \ [ T Z [ a

5

-1
-2
-2
-1

M Bd J V [J>| ^ S R V JNZ [] 1a u
u
S Oea[ ^ dz[sVUk JMm [YdZ [ Nc KV JML JMd[ ` sJMd V JJ ^ Z [YO S Z JMdjBdzJMLN[jOnea[ S J ^z` |M[YLu
` LN[e â`{S dj S [ ~XS V_k Sm JO Sm Jdz[ SUT ea[ ^}S dz[d Xs dfe ` e X ` LNJMd1>[ g J ^ N[ T JM|MJ b ez[YL2d ` LN[je â`qS
[YL ^ [ TqS VUk Sm J S JMd gT{S O JMdsi[su
V I Xs^f\US dwZ []Oh R \ [ T

S [YO Z J b ea[YLNJMdj@ u
` dz[ b ez[YLNJMdK b~X [d Sm J `Wg [ R ^f J T [jd ~X [ ` Oea[ ^ df[ V e S L J>[ ` JiZ JMd
`q`{ dz[P b ea[YLNJMd
b~X [d Sm JQZ XS d ^ [je S d gS dzd S O Z J g [ TqS J â` |M[YL
`q`W` dz[] b ez[YLNJMd b~X []d Sm J `Wg [ R ^z J T [Yd ~X [ ` Oea[ ^ df[ V e S L J>[ ` JQZ JMdu
Z ^}S V k JMdY
xJ gTqS O JQ X L gS_^ Z [ ^ [je S d ~X [dz[ ` Onea[ ^ dz[ V e S L O S J â` |M[YLu
xJ gTqS O J>s SgS_^ S_R J TqS
u

xJ gTqS O JQs SgS_^ S_R J TqS @ u
JM|MJN 1a 1 [ R X L gS_^}S_ J T J R ` Z [ `Wg [ ^z J R TW`qV J u
-1
-2
-2
-1
B d J V [J>| ^ S R V JNZ []
u
S Oea[ ^ dz[sVUk JMm [YdZ [ Nc KV JML
` LN[e â`{S dj S [ ~XS V_k Sm JO
^ [ TqS VUk Sm J S J gT{S O Jisu
V I Xs^f\US dwZ []Oh R \ [ T
1a u

MJ d[ ` sJMd V JJ ^ Z [YO S Z JMdjBdzJMLN[jOnea[ S J ^z` |M[YLu
Sm Jdz[ SUT ea[ ^}S dz[yd Xs dfe ` e X ` LNJMd g J ^ T JM|MJ b ae [jL d ` L>[je â`qS [jL

S [YO Z Jy xea[YL>JMd

b ~X [[ R X L S t S Lh R TW`{S Z [ g S_^ S_R J TqS d V MJ L t J V JO J>[ ` sJNZ JMd b
gS_^}S eaJZ J> D u
Z ^}S V k JMdY
xJ g TqS O J> [ R S gS_^ S_R J TqS @
xJ gTqS O JQ[ R Si^ j[ e S
JM|MJN 1a 1 [ R
u
u
X L VY`WTq` O Z ^ J gS_^}S_ J R WT `qV J u
-1
-2
-2
-1
B d J V [J>| ^ S R V JNZ [] 1a u

% ' u
S Oea[ ^ dz[sVUk JMm [Yd V JML JMdw[ ` JMd V JJ ^ Z [YO S Z JMdYx l u
` LN[e â`{S dj S [ ~XS V_k Sm JO Sm Jdz[ SUT ea[ ^}S dz[d Xs dfe ` e X ` LNJMd1>[ g J ^
[YL ^ [ TqS VUk Sm J S JMd gT{S O JMdsi[su
Z I Xs^z\_S dZ [QOh R \ [ T -u S [YO Z J Pea[YLNJMdj blgS_^}S
Oh R \ [ T d Sm J V h R âVYX T JMd V [YOe ^}S Z JMdxO S J ^z` |M[YL Z [ ^}SU` JMd dz[
)
dz[]
b J ^}SU` J Vj^ [jd V [Uu
*)
d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [ea[YL J S d g [ V eaJQZ [ X L t X O `qT u
N[ T JM|MJ b ez[YL2d ` LN[je â`qS

eaJZ JD u d VjXs^z\US dZ [
b J ^}SU` JQea[YO Z [ gS_^}S [ ^ J[

-1
-2
-2
-1
B d J V [J>| ^ S R V JNZ [] 1a / u
uBIKJMLNJO S [ ~XS VUk S m JPt SUT e S]S\_S_â` S_R \ [ T b J| ^ S R V JPZ [p[ R X L VY`WTq` O Z ^ JPZ [Z `^ [je â`
/ O J gT{S O J>>[|M[ ^}S e â` gS_âSUT [ TqSQS JQ[ ` sJ>Z JMdu
2
-1
-2
-2
-1
B d J V [ S dd Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [YdZ [Oh R \ [ T Z JN| ^ S R V JQZ [ 1a} u

u
Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [YdZ [Oh R \ [ T S [YO Z J xea[YLNJMdj

~ X [ ^ [ g ^ [Ydz[YOe NS X L S t S Lh R TW`{S Z [ gTqS O JMd gS_^}SUT [ T JMdZ []O J ^ L US T bgS_^}Si~XSUTq~X [ ^ u

Bd J V [ S dd Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [YdZ [Oh R \ [ T Z JN| ^ S R V JQZ [ 1a}

u
;

~X [ gS_^}S>VYS Z S [ R S [ ~XS VUk Sm JQZ [ X L gS_^}S_ J T J R ` Z [ VY`âVYX T{S_^V JML [ ` sJ>O JQ[ ` sJ>Z JMdwsu
Bd J V [ S dd Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [YdZ [Oh R \ [ T Z JN| ^ S R V JQZ [ 1a} u


` [ b [ R X L `g [ ^f J T J R ` Z []Z [Z XS dtJ TWS dY6 ;u
`q`{ [P b [ R X L V JMO [ Vj`WâVYX TqS_^ @ u
`q`W` [P
b [ R X L `g [ ^z J T J R ` Z [Z [ X L S t J WT S [ e V u

s!#"$
"6
6L
SUT | X O d VYS dzJMd[9R L SU` d V JMO \ [YO ` [YOnez[[Yd lJ rV k S_^S d YV Xs^z\_S d>Oh R \ [ T Z J ~ X [9J
| ^ S R V JQZ S t X O1VUk Sm J u
x
IKJMO d ` Z [ ^ [ S t X O1VUk Sm JZ [9IKJ J X | T{S dj 5 8 s 8 u d VYXs^z\_S dPZ [Oh R \ [ T Z [
gS_^}S Z `W\ [ ^ d S d g ^ JZ X VUk JMm [jdd Sm Ji[Yd JlVrk S Z S d b` O Z `WVrS O Z J S d g JMdzd `W`WTq` Z S Z [YdwZ [ [ 8 gS_^}SVrS Z S
g ^ JZ X VUk Sm J u
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
[ JhR O Z `qV [Z [L S dzd SV J ^zg J ^}SUT [R Z S Z J g J ^

M xJp[ [YL gT J Z Spg S R | ` O S02 4 b\` LNJMd ~ X
u d VYXs^z\_S dKZ [Oh R \ [ T Z [ ` O Z `qVrS L S d g JMdzd `W`qTW` Z S Z [YdKZ [ M
Nw

[ u
2.5
1.5
0.5
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200

[ tJ ^ L SS OSUR T JM| SS J VrS dzJZ [ X L SD\US_^z` S_R \ [ T"b O [YLezJZ S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [y[YL [NR J| ^ S R V JZ [
`
X L S t X O1VUk Sm JZ []Z XS d \US_â` S_R \ [ ` dju V JMO Z ` VUk Sm JNO [ V [YdzdS_R â`qS []d X Vj` [YOea[ gS_^}SQ~X [ X L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R Vj` [
[YL dz[ S J| ^ S R V JZ [ X L S t X O1V_k Sm J 1a [ R ~X [eaJZ S^ [e SgS_^}SUT [ TqSS J[ ` JZ JMdi
` Oea[ ^ dz[ V ea[ S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [P[jL X L X R O `qV J g JMOeaJ u

[Ydzt[ ^}S O Sm J g JZ [Qdf[ ^ | ^ S R V JZ [ X L S t X 1O UV k Sm JDZ [QZ XS d U\ S_^z` S_R \ [ ` d b L S dxJMd

[YL ` dztj[ R â` JMdwZ S [Ydzt [ ^}S d Sm J>| ^ S R V JMdZ S dt X O1VUk JMm [YdY
a 1 + [ a 1 +
`q`{ 6L$|M[ ^}SUTcb eaJZ S [ ~XS V_k Sm JPZ [we ^ [Yd \_S_â` S_R \ [ ` d ~X [ ^ [ g ^ [Ydz[jOnea[ X L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R Vj` [[ R X L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R Vj` [
Z []OlhR \ [ T Z [ SUT | X L S t X O1VUk Sm JZ [e ^ [Yd \_S_â` S_R \ [ ` dYu

d]d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [Yd ~X S R Z â`qVYS d]d Sm Jd Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [jdZ [ SUT | X L'Oh R \ [ T Z [Qt X O1VUk JMm [YdZ [>e ^ [Y d
\_S_â` S_R \ [ ` dYu
x
4 [ S [jOne Sm J
25

` [R d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` []Z [Oh R \ [ T gS_^}S 1a} 1 u
`q`{ [R d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` []Z []Oh R \ [ T gS_^}S la} u
`q`W` [R d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [PZ [Oh R \ [ T gS_^}S a} su
2 4 [ S 1a bV JMO d ` Z [ ^ [ a} P 1a [YOe S m J b N [ R X L S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [yZ [
O `W\ [ T [ ^ JNZ [ u

j[ ez[ ^ L ` O [J \ J TqX LN[[YL t X O1VUk Sm JNZ [ [u

u vxL Z [ g JMR d ` eaJDZ [| ^YSm JMdea[YL tJ ^ L S eaJZ [ X L VY`qTW` O Z ^ J VY`âVYX T{S_^x^ [jeaJyZ [ SUT e Xs^}S [ ^}SU` Jy b
V JML ea[jezJ V JM O `WV J u
u M vxL Z [ g JMR d ` ezJZ [|S R d6ea[jL$tJ ^ L S eaJ]Z [ X L VY`WTq` O Z ^ J VY`W^zVYX T{S_^6^ [jeaJPZ [ SUT e Xs^}S [ ^}SU` J bV JML
ea[jezJ X L S dz[YL ` [Ydft[ ^}S u
x b VrSUTqVYX T [U
2 4 [P1a 1 4 4

u 1
u M 1 u
u 1z
u 1" u
u 1
u 1 u
1 a 1a
1a 1a u
u
u

2 54
2 4 [P1a} xB bVrSUTqVjX T [U
u 1
u 1zz
1 a} 1a}

u

1
1a}
u

4 [jez[ ^ L ` O [ F dz[U
21

u 1a 1

u 1a 1 x
u 1a 1

u 1a 1 / / "

u 1a} 1 3 4 6

u M 1az @
u M 1 u
u 1 "}s} u
1a

u
1 a
u

} 1 a} u

}
1a} u

u M 1a u
u 1a u
u 1a + u
u 1a u

u 1a} / u

u M 1a} / _" su

u 1a} u r 1a} + u

u ; 1a}

u 1a} + u
2 4 6d J V [ Fc O J gTqS O J>Z [ VrS Z S t X O1VUk S m J>Z JN[ [ âV h R Vj` J 2 14 u
R Z ` e SQ JMLNJM| [j O [ S Z [| ^}SUX dz[ gS_^}S eaJZ J b
2 4 [ S uvxL S t X O1V_k S m Jy1 [
1 @ 1 u
B[ ^z` ~X [ ~X [ S dwdf[Y| X ` Oea[Ydt X O1V_k JMm [Ydd Sm J JMLNJM|[Y O [ S d[]Z [jez[ ^ L ` O [JQ| ^}SUX
u 1 a 1 x
u 1 a 1 + / b
u 1 a} 1

J ddz[Y| X ` Oea[Yd
2 4 6d J V [ S d VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T Z [P bsgS_^}S M
u
u M
u
u
u
1a
1a
1a
1a
1a
u M 1 a
u 1 a}
u
u

u 1a} u

1 + M

1 +

1 @

1

1

u 1a 1

u 1a 1

u 1a 1

u 1a 1

u 1a

J dwdz[Y| X ` Oea[Yd
2 4 6d J V [ S dd Xsg [ ^ t h R Vj` [YdZ [Oh R \ [ T Z [P bsgS_^}S M
su 1a} 1

su M 1a} 1 M

s u
u
u
u
u

u
u
u
u
u
u
u

6 d
2 4
2 4 X
Z [jea[ ^ L
su 1a} 1
u

su 1a} 1
u

su 1a} 1
u
su 1a} 1
5
u
J V []JQ| ^ S R V JQZ S ddz[Y| X ` Onez[Ydt X O1VUk JMm [jd bX e `WTq` rS O Z J S d VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T Z [
su 1a 1
su M 1a u

su 1a 1
su 1a
su 1a 1
su 1a +
su 1a 1,+ @
su 1a

su 1a +
su

su M
su M +

su
su r /
O1V_k Sm JDZ [ X J ` d X J ` dY6L o [YZ `qVY` O Ssb S $ d \ [ [Yd b df[ X e `qTq` rSS dz[Y| X ` Onea[it X O1VUk Sm J gS_^}S
` O S_^S d Xsg [ ^ t hR VY` [ V J ^zg J ^}SUT Z [ X L Sg [YdfdzJ S
@ M 2 1 3 54 2176 54

~X [x[jdfe S_ [ T [ V [ X L S^ [ T{S V_k Sm Ji[jOne ^ [ S S_R ^ [ S Z S d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [&0" Z [ X L Sg [jdzdzJ Ssb Jdz[ Xyg [jdzJ
8 [d XSNSUT e Xs^}S " u
u [ X L SiVâ`{S O1Vrk Sig [Yd S ; M[LN[jZ [P b ~XSUT [R d XS d Xsg [ ^ t h R VY` [ V J ^zg J ^}SUT
u M 6d J V [ S d VYXs^z\_S dZ [Oh R \ [ T Z S t X O1V_k Sm J 0u
u 6d J V []JQ| ^ S R V J>Z :[ 0u
2 M54 [tJ ^ L SFS OSUR T JM| SS J ~X [J V J ^z^ [O JIDSUR TWVYX T JZ [ X L S\_S_â` S_R \ [ Tcb Z S Z S dy [Dt X O1VUk JM
m [Yd
Z [jO ` Z S d[YL 1b Z [jO ` L>JMdY
` 1@ 1 1 l 1 u
`q`{ w 1@ 1 1 l 1 [YL gS_^ e `WVYX T{S_^rb 1 1bgS_^}S eaJZ J u

1
`q`W` 1@ l 11 b dz[ 1 u
0

M u [ S L
VrSUTWVYX T [U
M u M [ S L

1a [wla x b

1a} x B [la} K bVYSUTqVYX T [U

!#"%$ " &('*) !+,) -.,/10./ "

24365 ,798;:=<4>@?BCEA F D <
GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U1V WEXZY\[^]`_(acbed9YgfihjlkSm,nporqsutv]]PqwYxzy{]c| Y}~Y~yzxsfihYgx{]`saYM | Y~ s`y{]`|]
s`xfihàuY| Y |] s`x
fihà`,rf@jk mK f@fih p a
HK T QO U R H W
XZYlIZ fihwhPuh~YfK Ztsuus f@fih @whz;Iuh~zP

fihau;rK =jk @wh euh a
fihPa`cY scuyYxs`x| Y _}` x}~ tsc}~Yyzx]`| scY~_1hP`h=Yx{]`sEaZZsu4Y~ P]`tY~yY~_9Y~yzY`s

}~su[ ys| suYys`xzY~ s tv]` s| Ygs`xuY~_Y~_.hP`hpY s`x_]c_Y~ s`xZ YanY^yY}]`^s ws
}~su[ ysfihPa`9Y }{]`_]`| s9| z}~s]PqwYxzysc| Yg}~YyzxzswhPuhYx]`s9an
B(x,r)
y
(x ,y )
0 0
vo]`tsu]`_Y~yY` ^Ygfihwhùh{hYfl{

4fihPau;rKw{j4k= h euh Ih a

fihPa`9Y s9uyzYxs`xzc| YM _] YYx{]9u su t|]` }~Y~yzx{]`|]cY~_ huhP{hYx{]`s9a suY~ P]

tYyY_Y~yY`s}~su[ ysE| su=Yyzs`xY~ sY~ ]} s| Ys`xuY~_ Y~_ hP`hP{hY s`x_]g_Y~ s`x Y
aZn
B(x,r)
q zYxzY YMY_ ]`_qsusu}]`zsu]c| Y~zu]`t|]`| Y Y Y~^y^xy{]n

GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U
W k m Y | ys]PqYx^ysY~_k m zY ]Px{]9yzsZ| sfjwY yYf;auy{]`t Y
f;au n

yY~}~su[ ysug]` s4]uY~ Yx{]`t]} ]` s]Pyx]`t,| YcyYxz`]`tsu]PqYxzyzsuY_(kpn,s`xM| Y } ]` s s

}~su[ ysP]~s YMk m ]` s9}~su[ ysu]PqwYxzysupY~_#k m n
H #"%$ U W
!
& '
,Y~t]| Y } ]` s f,M( ]` s@Y ]PqwYxzysY~_ k m suyzsZ|]gqsut]su| z}~s ]PqwYxzys| Y}~Y~yzxsf( ]` s
Y~^y] }~suy| s4Y~_ f,n _*uYx{]`tsu}~su[ ysu| sy s! )~ z m + *jk m ( ]` s
]` s9]PqYxzyzsu~n
uk Y~ z]`| su}~su_s4]xYy{]K{d @jk,
rk ( ]` s Yc ]PqYxzys s tv]` s suM]`t Yx
| ^}~s]PqYxzys9}Y~y^x{]`| sY~_ K{d( ]` s9Y~^y]c }~suy| s9Y~_#kpn

I6 ZY ]PqYx^ysY_ k n

Y ]Pys ]Px{]ysZ| sBK j lY
| Y~ s`yY s`x s_Y s`x _Yxzs| s}~su[ ys Zsu | Y
Y
]| ^y ]` }~]Y~yzxY _Yxsu xzY]`~n y ]` s s`x Y Y_ ts ,}~su ^| Yx{]` | sa ;yY~_su~
zK a` n Ksuus 1Y _}su[ ys]PqYxzyzs n
A
c
a
k Ik (]` s Y ]PqYx^ys s4Y~ ]}~ s su]`tZ Yxqsutv]]PqwYxzy{]}~Y~yzx{]`|]Y~_ Kw{d

(]` s9Y^y]9 }~suy|]cY~_#k n

fihàuY _ ~} su[ yzs]PqYx^ys n!

Y]Pys S| Y~ s`y{]` | s s`x" wf;$# ] | ^y]` }~]Y~yzxY4su
suysuf;%# Y_1k m i zYcfj fihà`Y~y]` s& f;zfih aKysu_]` | sa )M ga ' wf;zfih aZ
yY~_9su~S4f;a ){ 4 fihàun
XZYx] yt |]Pxp _ su_YMY Y~}v]`t ]Px{]c _ }~su[ ys]PqwYxzyscZ Y}~suyzY~ ]9 _ suys|]`| s f;n
ory]`t }~su[ yzs} ]`_]PxY~_su| Y N)(iN^L+* T LQ O T | s suyzs9f;n
GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U-, WXZY\[^] IkSm,n._ suyzsf j@kmYE | ys suys|] vxsuyY~x]su| sqws`x| s
| Y rzYMyzsZ|] ]` } ]9| YfyYxzY~}y] YkSm n

Y~ s`y{]`_sus}~su[ ys| su suysuE|] vxsuyY~x]| Y s`x+n ._.}~su[ ys Y ]PqYxzyszY

+B
Kn
H #"%$ U W
!
& XZY If;auY~y ]`

s +e # wf;$#,;Iatsuuscs}~su[ ys
# wf;$# a(]` s
YM ]PqYxzyzs n
u XZY\[^] j k %b*dZY~^yYl}su[ ys}~s`xzxzY~ su | Y]`s x_Y~ xs@Y]`sZ]Px^ys

Z]`|x]`yYzY~_ }~t x]xYy]+ dYrY ]PqYxzyzs s tv]` s g| Y ]Pys zY\[^]e@j Y
Y~z}sut]`_suab dzY )~ )j4âu;yY~_su~

@ )P @ )

@ ) I {) agK
isuusc p) b d YzK a` s`yYMZ Y+Brd cjkn

GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U W ._

H #"%$ U W
!
& km YM
y{]`_qY~ _# _
u erK =j4k
}~su[ ys

k m YM | ysY} ]`| sY_ k m ^Y

+
n
}~su[ ys Y~}{]`| s n

a ab dZ(]` sY% Y~}{]`| s suz]vxsuyY~ x{]Y
BrK =jk B
a abdZ
+
isuus +
n
su t| s rKw{=jk

a ab dZ Y% Y~}{]`| s supz] v xsuyzY~x{]Y`
{jk Ba ab dZ
r
isuus
%n _ uYx{]`t ys| susupsu t| sup]`
sY~}{]`| su~n

cY
_.}~su[ ys Y~}{]`| s su + Y sxzYy]` u ts s`x_]`| s Y~tv]`xYy{]`
4 4 6 YM n
su xs _9su ]Px]` `x] su] xY~zYyYxY~_su _]9}]Px{]`}yzYx ~] } ]` s_]`Y}~Y~yY| su}~su[ ysu
]PqYxzysuY Y~}{]`| su~n

243

XZY\[^
]
kSm@ k _] } ]` sYgfihMj +n\y yzP]`_Y~yY` fihj zu }]
Z YzYfihg(]` s YxzyY~ }Y] r| YYgY^y{]Px]Px^qyzx{]Pxzv]`_Y~yY xs _suE| Y n
GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U W $^N #NHH
T L U%f T " U N T HH f!H" Z ]` | s ]Px{]
ys| "s b dY ^y$Y #b d y{]`t YMfjlfihP#` _ t}~] %
,fK'& n
( U T QS
O TSR UW
t_ ,
fK;/&p
)+*,).-
P]`tY~yY~_9Y~yzY`)+t*_ )0-
,fK;/& Z]` | s ]Px] ys| s" b dY ^yY$#b d y{]`t Y`

d
f @fih p 6# _ t}]EY~_
,fK'&
%
HK T QO U R H W
pXZY Z21su ^| Yx{]`_9supf@+K fih+hùh~YsYys`xpflfih+wh``h]

s`x_]E| sEYys`xf4fihY ffih @h~zB@uhz6n .]`_9sup]EzY~u yzYg s`y{]} ]` s
35476 8:9 *
t_ 3;4
- 68 - 9
, /&
vEXZY <1su z| Yx{]`_suEf Kw{,fihl whPuhP{hE] s`x_]| sYys`x f fihY

f4@fih @hz;IguhzSe6h^n .z]`_su]czY~u yzYg s`y{]} ]` s
t_
35476 8=6%>?9 * 3;4 - 6 8 - 6%> - 9
!#"%$
U W
t_
35476 89 *
3) 6 9
,{ /&
;S n
Y ]Pyzs
, & u
& {
& eu & Iu
K & u
]`| s" b d zY [^]@# K & u # _ t}~]EY_ ,
A# nKsuus

t_
35476 8:9 *
3) 6 9

, ,
o xs xY|]`| Y~| sut_9yY~]` s9]`]` tsu]`]` p| sut_yzY~| Y } su Y~| YM _]E`]Pxz]P Y~t Yz]`
xs`]`pzY~u Y~_ | xzYy{]`_Y~yY|]c| Y } ]` s n
H T WXZY\[^]
l kSm ke _] } ]` s nXZYsEt_9yYp| Y
]` | sf@] xs _] ^Y
H U !
| YMfihY ^yY`Y~y ]` scY~tYY }~s n
HK T QSO TR U W ^yYMyzY~s`xY~_] Yx_yzY%]Yxz_ t }]} su Y~ s} ]` t}~ tsc| Ygt_ yY~~n
@ U " U NQSO TR U WXZY\[^]`_
km k fihMj
Y#)+t*_ )0- fKS Y~y ]` s
)+t*,_ ).-
,fKS
&p
vr)+t*_ )0-
,fK
fKz,/
&
r)+t*,_ ).-
,fK
fK^,/
&
r
r)+t*_ )0-
, fKfK & zY I
d
HK T QO U R H W _ ]Pxzyz}~ t]Px
XZY
fKYg _ sut su _s | Y]P x]`P]Px~]P Y~~

+
Y jk y{]`t Z Y#)+t*_ )0-

,fK;/&
t_ fKS fih{
)+*,).-
vXZY ,
fK; KffK YM _] } ]` s9x{]`}~su]`t
t)+*,_ ).- fKfK fifihh
zYfihM
j @
n

syYs`xY~_] sZ| Y_su}~su }~t x YzYE| ]`}~xzP]` ]`^]`_ Yts suys| Y ]Pq}~z]fihY
s`xu]`_#`]`ts`xY~| YxzY~yzY~ ]Px{]csct_yY| YM _] } ]` s Y~y ]` ssct_9yY|] } ]` sZ]` | s
fzYM] xs _] | Yfih L TSR U H N H Y\[^]cscY Y_ ts9Zn
H #"%$ U W
!
, , n
& 1]`t}~ tY
_
h
h

35476 89 3 6 9
*

o]`tsu]`_9Y~yzY]`s xzsZ}~Y~| _Y~ysc]`| s`y{]`| sc s } ]` t}~ ts | YMt_ yY~| Y% } su Y~| Y _]`]Px~]P Y~t
yY~_9su~, , , E u~ tsuus
;
_
h
h

35476 89 * 3 6 9
u 1 ]`t}~ tY
t_ 3 h 6 h 9 u;IZ
35476 89 *
, n
_
h
h
S
35476 89 * 3 6 9
q zYxzY~_9su Y
Y | Y |]EY~_+k d{d nA1su z| YxzY~_suszY~u yzY%]`_ t]g| YxYy{]` Y
Y`
]`z]`_ Ytv]cs`xzuY~_,cSK
}]`t} tv]`|] ]Px]c SY
,K , &

t_
,K; ;
35476 4 9 * 3 h 6 h 9
&

isuus zs`q xY}]`|]xYy{]Z Y ]`zz] Y~tv]Es`xuY_

yY~_# _P]`ts`x}su ^y{]`yY` _]` Y| Y Y~ | Y
| s}~sY}~Y~yzY]` u tv]Px| Y}~]`|]MxYy{]n t_yzY|] } ]` s
| Y Y~ | Y| s Yx}~x^s| s suys
K ;Z]` | sEY~tYyzY~ | Y ] s`xuY~_n ,s`xY Y_ ts }~su z| YxY edY & nA1su_ssEt_yY| Y
Z^YY ^yY`SY@
}~s sZ| Y~_9su]P x_]PxZ Yst_ yYp| Y
(]` sY yY`n
Y~zY~ s |]`}~xzP]`| Y
Yti| sc`x]P }~s| Y

0.1
0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-0.1
-0.05
1]`t}~ tY 35476 8t9 _ 3 h 6 h 9 = n

*
XZY\[^]`_] xYy{]c ed Y] ]Px]Pqpsu tv]c n y ]` s

,K{d ed9Y`
0.05
0.1
ed
_
35476 89 * 3 h 6 h 9
v ,
z S & Y`
&
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
isuus sct_yY(]`
scY ^yY`n Y\[^]9]`}~xzP]`| YM Y~t | s 9

1
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
1 ]`t}~ tY

n
_
h
h

35476 89 * 3 6 9
-0.5
0.5

S
s} ]` t} tsY~_ _]cP]Px]P Y~ti]PqwY~_su Y t_

& n isuus ]Px{]9ys| s cbedwY yY
h
4 *

S &
#b%d4y{]`t; Yd # & _ t}]
n ,`s xgsuyzxst]`| szY K

Y~y ]` s e Y`
t_
S
* h
sud # & Y

S &
%
, &

35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
z Ygd #Yy ]` s9d # #
isuus

_
&
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
qzYxzY~_9suK Y]` }~x^`]ì| Y Y~tuYSsp`x]P }sp| Y
]`
sqwY~_u}~su_ `
s xzy{]`| suz _]Z~ ]` } ]
| Yd dn
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5
1]`t}~ tY 35476 8t9 _ 3 h 6 h 9 n

*
o } ]` s
(Y | Y |]Y~_ k d{d n1su z| YxY~_su] ]`_l tv]@| YxYy{]è $

}]`t}~ tv]`|] Y~_ eY
,;S &
Z n isuus

=
_
d
e
h
h
h
h
3;476 89 * 3 6 9
35476 4 9 * 3 6 9 &

]`~^yzs9(]` s9 sup]Px{]`yYM Ygsct_9yY`

t_ 3 h 6 h 9
,,edZ
3;476 89 *
Y~_9su Ycyzt ]Pxg]4| Y } ]` s| Y t_9yY`n

Y ]Pys i}~su_s r
Y
S 6
yY~_9su~

;
su_]` | s # }su }~t _sup Y

pzYd #'n ,s`x^y{]`yzs
d
t
_
h
h
35476 89 3 6 9 S
*
ozY~u x~K] xzY~zY~y{]PxY~_9suM _]s`qzYxz`]} ]` sYE _1]`tus`x y_s ]Px{]Yx }]PxM](]` sY ^y Y~ }v]
| Y _ t_9yY`wuY~yzt_9Y~yzY}~Y~| | su Ytv] xs Y~^zs`x{]
"!#%$'&)(
(+*-,/.10#,3254,n
1su z| YxzY~_sus9zY~u yzYY Y_ ts
t_
,
K
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
_
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
6]` }~tYx}~]Pxp Y yY | Yg] ~Yxs ^Y sup] xs _]`_su=|] s`xuY_#]`sctsu usE| YxYy{]`

su}xz`]`M| s4y s4l% nEsYy{]`ys Ks4t_ yYE]`}~_](]` s4Y ^yY`n ;]Px{]| YyYx_9]PxM _]
}~xzP]zYu | s]Z]`tsP]`ts`xc| s@t_yY| Y
Z]` | s EzY] xs _]|]@s`xuY~_ zY\[^]
| YxY~yY| Y Yxs | YY~_su xs}~Y~| Yx| szY~u yYM_sZ| s
xzsZ}~x{]`_9su _] }~x^`]9|] s`x_] ,76 @ }~su_86 e
dn Y~_9su~

,K zK ,
16 ; 6
1su_sc YxY~_9sup sup] xs _]Pxp|] s`xuY_]cY~^}~sut] | Y96| YYgzYxy{]`t
Y`
t_ h , 4 t _ h 6@ Sed
*
( ]` s zYg] xs _Y| Y%~Yxzs n',s`xpY Y_ ts ^Y:6 S
,s`xsuyzxsctv]`| s | Y~zY [^]`_sup Y
6
yY~_9su~
4 *

t_
,
Kzw@ ;
3;476 89 * 3 h 6 h 9
&
_
h
h
35476 89 * 3 6 9
vous`x{]`P]`_su;uY~ Yx{]`t]PxSY~^y]|Y~ v]n

YY~_9suS}~]`t}~ t]Pxst_yzY| Yp _] } ]` s
Z]` | s
K zYg] xs _]E| Yg _ suysh``h~YY~ }~suyzx{]`_9sup]P xzv]`}~xzP]`]`s9tsu us9|]`pZ]`p]

} ]` syY | Y] ~Yxs nX]PqY~_9sup Y] } ]` s YM |]`|] Yts sZ}~Y~yzYg| Y| ]` } su Y~Z YMzY
]` tv]`_ Y~_huhysY`
t_
3;476 89 354
*
- 68 - 9
,
t_
35476 89 354
*
- 68 - 9
K y{]`t Z Y

whùh; whùh;ed
ot Y _| zzs Z] } ]` s zY]` tv]M]`stsu us| Y _]}~xzP]S Z Y ]`z] Y~ts suys
whPuhY` Y~^y]9}~xzP] K sc zY]` tv] s suyslhP`hn ysY`
S wh~SBuh
;z ed
; z e
d
hPn
P] x{]EysZ| s
;]Px{]Y~ }suyzx]Px _]g}~xzP]E]`stsu us|]]`tw] } ]`
s
(]`
syY | Y] ~YxsE| YY~_9su xsZ}Y~| Yx
| s9^Y~u yY_s| s
xzsZ}~x{]`_9su _] }~x^`]9|] s`x_] ,
S 6}~su_86 e
dn
vo`]`tv]`_su] } ]` s
,K Sw 6 ^n
;o]`tz]`_su] } ]` s
,K SZ 6 ^=]_| Y| YyYxz_]Px _]Y xYz]` sE}~suY~ Y~yY
]Px{] 6n
H #"%$ U W xsYg Y t_ h h (]` scY ^yY`n
!
35476 8:9 * 3 6 9 @
K , ,@Y d{d, d{d,edn
4XZY\[^
] S ;d d K Sz d K Sz d zY@ dnXZY\[^]
; 6 }~su_ 6 e
dn
v ,s`xsuyzxzs9tv]`| s

6 z
,z 6z; IE
6
I/E6 6 z
6 66 z
XZY\[^]56 ; tsuus A
,KzE ; & & Y`
t_ 3 h 6 h 9 ,
z S &
35476 89 *
&
243 2 &#<798A7? > F >

ZX Y\[^] kSmY
l kSm k _] } ]` s n
GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR U1V W
H Q U L L T H! fihMj rZ]` | s
)+t*,_ ).-
,fKY ^yY
vr)+t*_ )0-
,fK;
,fih
HK T QSO TR U W P]`tY~yY~_YyYP
}~suy ]Y~_ fih`Z]` | s ]Px{]ysZ| s b(dY yY
#b d y{]`t YgzY f@fih p #Y~y ]`
s %
,fK
,fih n
GIHKJMLNPQSO TSR
U W
~Y~_suZ Y
IY }~suy ]9Y~_ zY
IY }~suy ]9Y~_ }]`|]cfihj n
H #"%$ U W
!
& XZY
fK Yl _] } ]` s sut su_9v]`t| Y]P xv]`c`]Px~]P Y~pY~y ]`
s Y }~suy ]Y_
Z]`tZ Yx suysc| sckSm;n
uo zY~u yzY } ]` s( ]` sYM }~suy ]9] s`xuY_
, zY
d{d

,K
d
zY,d{d
Y ]Pys

,
_
&
35476 89 * 3 h 6 h 9
35476 4 9 * 3 h 6 h 9 &
ysY` sct_9yY( ]` scY ^yY sup| Y Y | Y| Y tsuus
( ]` sY }~suy ]n
o zY~u yzY } ]` sYM }~suy ]9]cs`xzuY~_
zY
d{d

,K
d
zY,d{d
Y ]Pys

,d{d ed
_
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
Y\[^]csu| Y~zY~ su|] }~xzP]`| YM Y~t Y`x]P }~s| Y
x Y~ Y~}y `]`_YyYP

0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5
o } ]` s
,; a (]` sY }~suy ] s}~su[ ys
`x]P }~scY]`}~xzP]`| YM Y~t | Y

d jlkn \Y [^]9s
0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.2
HK T QSO TR U Wo xs xY~|]`| Y~|]` } su Y}~suy ]`]` s]`]` tsu]` ]` |]` } su Y}~su
y ]`p| Yg _]`]Pxz]P Y~tn=XZ]` xs`]`pzY~u Y~_ | xYy{]`_Y~yY|]c| Y } ]` s n

@ U " U NQS
O TR U V WgXZY\[^]`_
km .k } su Y}~suy ]` s suyzscfih`n y ]` s

E
Y

]` s}~suy ]`Y~_#fihun
vXZY
,fih
lY~y ]` s
& YM }suy ]cY~_ fih`n
o xs6P]`^Y~u Y~_ |]9| Y } ]` s n
HK T QSO TR U Wo } ]` sY~tY~_Y~y{]PxY~ ]` s}suy ]`p su suysusu | YgY^y ]` s9| Y |]`~n
H #"%$ U W
!
& So'
} su Y~x{]`}su]`S su suysusu | Ysu sut su _suS| s| Y~ su_]`| s`x( ]` s^Y]` tv]`_ ]` s
}~suy ]`~n

u o } ]` s
, & Y }~suy ]9Y~_#k n
@ U " U NQS
O TR U WXZY\[^]`_
kmr k# _] } ]` s@}~suy ] s suysfih j Y
4
kr kr _] } ]` sy{]`tiZ Y
, | Y_sZ| s9Z Y 2
Y~^yzY\[^]9qY~_| Y |]nXZY
Y
}~suy ]9Y~_
,fih Y~y ]` s 2
IYM }suy ]cY~_ fih`n
o xzs6P]czYu Y|]c| Y } ]` s n
H #"%$ U W
!
& o
} ]`
s
,{
S Yg }~suy ]9Y~_#k n
BY
]zsu_]| Y| ]` } su Y~}~suy ]`~
)6Kw{, @ Y
{
S n
)Y
]c}~su_ su^y{]|] } ]` s {, Y ;
]`_Eq]`}~suy ]`Y
Y ]
}~su_ su^y{]E| Y Kw{,e Y ;
S y]`_EqY _ }suy ]`n
uSo } ]` s Kw{, ;
S Yp }~suy ]EY_ k d{d{d n
Y ]Pys
Y~z}xYY~ | s
,{
Kw{,
{
su | Y
Y %] } ]` s| sMY Y~_ ts]`yYxzs`xY Kw{ Z YY }~suy ]gY( ]` sM t]
Y }~Yysc]9s`xuY_n ,Y~tv] xs xY~|]`| Yv=yY~_suZ Y YM }~suy ]9Y_ ek d{d{d{n
co } ]` s
,fK f ) B m Y }~suy ] ]Px{]ysZ| s@f+j kSm,n _
]Pxzy}~ tv]Px~
, )~z z z m * *
]Px{]EysZ| s f@jkSm,n
"%$^N Q T QS
O TSR UWXZY\[^] Y~y ]` s

t_ ed zy Y~_su~
7* h
e
_
d
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9

YyYx_ YMs `]`ts`x| Y

n1su_s

_

3;476 89 * 3 h 6 h 9
edY
]Px]cZ Yg]czYu yY } ]` s9zY\[^]9}~suy ]
S
zY K
d{d

,

zY K ,d{d

XZY\[^] Y~y ]` s

t_
S &
_
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9

* h
tsuus B & n
o zYu yY xs suz} ]` s(]` szYx] xs6P]`|] suY~t]9| Y~}~s`xzxzY| Y _ yY~s`xY~_] Z Yg}] s`x{]9| s
}~suyY Zys9| Y~y{]` s`y{]`n
@ U " U NQS
O TR U , WgXZY\[^]`kSm k _] } ]` s}~suy ]Y~y ]` s
Brf@jkSm d fK YM ]PqYxzyzs9Y~_#kSm;n
v rfjk m d
fK{@Y Y} ]`| sY_ k m n
+Brf@jkSm fK;edZn
H #"%$ U W
!
& tv]` suY~_ k
]` s9}~su[ ysu Y~}{]`| su~n
Y ]Pys }~su z| YxY`
{, =E !

o } ]`
s YM }~suy ]9Y_ k n
u su t| s {Mj k B a alb%dZYc _}~su[ ys Y~}{]`| s n
Y
]Pys }~su z| YxY`
Kw{, a
o } ]`
s YM }~suy ]9Y_ k Y Y~t] xs suz } ]` s Y Y~}{]`| s n
o ]Px]P qwsutv] IrK jk Y _}su[ ys Y} ]`| s n
Y ]Pys }~su ^| YxYP
K ,B@
o } ]` s Yg }~suy ]9Y_ k Y Y~t] xs suz } ]` s 1%Y Y~}{]`| s n

yzt ]` | s]` xs xY~|]`| Y~| YMt_yYP}]`t} tY`

& n&
& n u
t_ 3 h 6 ) 9
35476 8:9
& .
t_ 3 h 6 ) 9 4 n
S
& n
_
w n
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9

& n
_
n
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
&
n
&

nu
_
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
t_
~Z=
35476 8:9 *
3) 6) 9
t_
35476 8:9
S &
3 ) 6 ) 9
t_
4 * h
KXZY [^]
n
&
t8 _ h 8 t _ h
*
*
t_
35476 8=6%>?9
&
&
&
n
*
* 3 ) 6 69
Yx Z YMzYMsupt_yY|]`zY~u yzY~ } su Y|]`|]`Y ^yzY~_ s suysld{d
Zn u
, n
Zn &
,K ,
Zn
,K ,
Zn
, n
; n
Zn
,K , ; z
Zn
,
S
Yx Z YMZ Ysupt_ yY~|]`p^Y~u yY~ } su Y~Y ^yY_ ^YK = d{d

n
n &
,K ,
n
u
,

Yx Z YMZ Y`
&
ed
S
n&
n u

35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9 & !

! I
Yx Z YMZ Y`
&
35476 8:9 *
t4 _ h
*

,K

&
d
zY e
d
zY ed
Yx YM Y
t_
, edcY#t_
t_
, 8 t _ h 4 t _ h
, n
4 * h
8 * h
35476 8:9 * 3 h 6 h 9
*
*

z}~y{]] }~suy |]`| Y|]`zY~u yzY~ } su
Y~
zY
d{d
Z &
,K
d
zY ,d{d
zY
d{d

=
Z u
,K
d
zY ,d{d
E zY
d{d
Z
,K
d
zY ,d{d
zY
d{d
Z
,K
d
zY ,d{d
S
zY
d{d
E
Z
,Kw{
zY d{d
@ zY Kw{
d{d{d

Z
,Kw{
d
zY Kw{,d{d{d
.z]` | s]c}~su_ suz

} ]` sc| Y } su Y~~Yx Z YZ Y]`zY~u yzY~ } su Y]` s}~suy ]`~
n &
,K , S
n u
, & n
n ,K , =

&
n , S n

n ,K , S w e d
n ,
nu ,K , S K I d n ,
&

n ,Kw{, S n d ,{ @ n
&
]`t} tYgs `]`ts`x| Y ]Px{]c Y] } ]` s
&
,,

zY\[^]c}~suy ]n
&
&
zY K
d{d
zY K ,d{d
&
&

"!$#&%'(% ) *+%'(,-!.%!/)
I JA B
02143 57698;:=>@< A ? 5BC5 EDF5HG K
NL MPORQTSVU W+X/Y[Z S]\_â`bOcZ èdf^gQihMkjldf^[Mnm2opUrqts'XuZ SvQxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ }
~Hi/
y tP / c/ m . tcH
/t /. ft U
m
M M_` ^TdQTQx^Tjg f MH Mk` Qx^Tjo
m f { S m kft qm f
4n
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

tP c/ m =.Pn
t ./ u ft U
M M_` ^TdQTQx^Tjg m f MH Mk` Qx^Tjo
m f { S m f7 qm f
4n
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

y tP P m . tcH
t . f
U M M_` ^TdQTQx^Tj m f MH M` Qx^Tjo
m f { S m f qm f
4n
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

Mnwy^TjfSvQxQT` Q âeQ QT| ^x M` Q Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q =QijQ[wyZ `{\Tz â| M MH ZQ Qij Q M }

h Mj MNZ M^ \_â`bOcZ èdf^7U M M Mkj.QihMjldf^4^ =QijQdf^N ^ U M/ ` M\_M l Qi j ^ Z M
U
N ^NZ M M MjfQT M jf^ M @MNZ M` ^ }/MPORQxQ@h h âTjQi=Q }

!#"
4 LNM m f . 7 \_Q \_Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q }$ dQTSv^ ` ^x\Q ^&% o
m f { S m @kf qm
4 n
m f { S m l qm
4n
NL M*) m f { ,++ \_Q \_Z M
f S q 7 S N M
4n
4H
f S q 7 S ('
4n
4 H
ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q }$ dQTSv^ ` ^x\Q ^&% o
m ft . S m @kft q m f S @ ++ q -++
n
4n
S .7+$ .+ + .7/ +

n
m ft . S m lt q m f S -+ + q -++
n
4n
,++ + +
M
S
n
m ft . S m fl q m f S -+ + + q -++
n
4n
. +, +/
.N, + { +
'
S
n
0/1 =H/
y LNMPORQ 3
2 QT ^[MH\_â` MjfM_Sv^ 5 4 { m 2_7 6 âa^ o
S 4 q 4 S m 2 q m 2 ] m 2_:6
498 n
m
<M ; m 2 f M_èdQT| ^ ,; 8 2 f } `Q âeQTS[M_`pdlMMS SQ Qij Q M }
* = â` M Z M_`pdlM_SvM_èdf>M {=QijQ2 Mj Qijn=Qijf\ Q SvM_èdfMvZ SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ M_SjfM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q {Q M_SQ
Qij Q M QT| ^H\â` MjfQTQ \_âS[^\â` dQTèdfM M Q Mj Q\Tz QT| ^ M wyM dQ\_âSv^M_S X } $S jfM Q\Tz QT| ^Q ?

âZ dljQ Qij Q M ^x jf^ \_M_ SvM_èdf^ MH QT` Q âa^ } R S dl^NQ Q jfM_TjQ MH Mkj Q\Tz QT| ^[M dfZ QTQ
=QijQ@wyZ `{\Tz â| M M_S]X^ M_S MjQi \_QTQ }
!#"
4 LNM m f .
+ + =\_Q \_Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q }
= Q \_Z M_Sv^ j SvM jQTSvM_èdf>M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M9mrM_S jfM Q\Tz QT| ^Q }{M Q ^Th Mj Q\Tz QT| ^
QTèdfMj ^Tj\_â` MjQTS[^
+ 2 =â` M 2 + 6 Mj QT` ^[\_âSv^@M_SVX o
m f { + 2 + + 6
QT`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ o 2 + o
m f { 2 + + + '

LNM m f . - +
+ 2
7 \Q \_Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q ` ^[â`pdl^ }
} {M Q ^Th Mj Q\Tz QT| ^
= Q \_Z M_Sv^ j SvM jQTSvM_èdf>M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M9mrM_S jfM Q\Tz QT| ^Q
QTèdfMj ^Tj\_â` MjQTS[^ - + 2 + 2
2 â` M 2 6 Mj QT` ^[\_âSv^xM_S-X o
m
f . + 2 + 2
. 2
7 q
2 l 8 { 2
2 q 2 +
+ +
% :6
2+

% 2
QT`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ o 2 ++ 2

2 o
m f . 2 + + 2
{ 2
7 q
2 8 { 2
2 q 2 2 + +
% 2
+ +
% l:6
m . q m . q }
LN*
M ) m f { % -+
++ \Q \_Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q }
= Q \_Z M_Sv^ j S[M jQTS[M_`pdlM>=Q[ Mj QTQ[=Qijf\ Q Mm;M_S jlM Q\Tz QT| ^vQ }LNMPORQ) % -+ _2
â` M 2
+++ 6 Mj QT` ^v\_âSv^@M_S]X dfMSv^ o
m f { + . 2 + { + + + 6

QT`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ o 2 -+++ M=QijQ o 2 -+

+ o

m ft { {
+ 2 + + + + M

'
m ft { 2 +
+ + + +
\Q \_Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q }

LNM*) m f {
%

= Q \_Z M_Sv^ { j SvM jfQTSvM_èdf>M Q Mj QTQ2=Qijf\ Q M mM_S jfM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q 6 M ORQ
â` M 2 6 Mj QT` ^ o
m f {32-2
2 { 2
6
QT`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ 62 M=QijQ 6 2 7 o
m ft {32-2
2 { 2
M
m ft { q 2 + 2
2 / q + 2
7

% 2
'
=H/
y M wy^TjfSQxQT` Q âeQxQT^ = Q \_Z ^x M Z SQ Qij Q M =Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M Z SQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ TQ| ^
wyZ `{\Tz â| M >M ^TjRdQT`pdl^ ^N MSv^ \Q \Z Q Q M_S âèdf^ M M_Z âS ` ^ } {^TjMk M_S[ ^ MPRO Q
m f . ` - + + 4:6 M_èdQT| ^ o
0/1
{
m f {
+
+
m f { + { + '
M_S[^ ZQ ` ^ Q wyZ `{\iz â| M o

.
4 f + +
M
;

f + +

'
âa^ 4 4 ; 47
jfM M_\d QTSvM_èdfMTo
4

q . M ; q q } Tj Qi \^ Mm
4
M ;
QT| ^
`QT| ^xMk d M_ ` \ QxQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q MnZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^v\â`pd ` ZQx MH ZQ Qij Q M `pZ S
âèdf^ ` \_Q&NZ M^[Tj Qi \^[Q[wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^vQi jfM M_èdQeQijlM dQ x` M l MHâèdf^ }
MFw Qidf^ M ORQ m f x + + 6 M`pdQT| ^Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Mk dfM_S#Mk \Mdf^ `Q
^Tj aM_SF} M ORQx^[Tj Qi \_^[ M m MT o

021
5H8 5@J:
K>x< A ? 5B
NL MPORQ[UrWXKZ SV\_â`bOcZ `pdl^QihMjRdf^ l + ' ' 'l U Mnm2opUrqts'XuZ SvQxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ }
~Hi Mj QTQ2=Qijf\ Q M m+M_S jlM Q\Tz QT| ^/Q[? O M SQ Qij Q M ` ^ â`pdf^ U M
M_` ^TdQTQ@^Tj m MH M` Qx^Tjo
m S m _ ' ' 'l{k ' 'l qm _ ' ' ' 'l

4n
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

Q _M_` ^ ' ' ' % =dfM_Sv^ Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M[m M_S(jlM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q ? j SvM j
Q Q ? M_aZ ` Q

Qx? dfMkjf\_M j
Q }}}}}}} Q? ` M SvQ Qij Q M jfM M_\d QTS[M_`pdlMT} M_` ^TdQT` ^v^Tj ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^
Mdf^Tj NZ MdfM_S]df^ Q Q \_âS[â` M_`pdlM _Mkjf^[Mk \_Mdf^[Q M S
Q Z M M aZQ Q dfMSv^ o
m S m q m '
4n
021 !{85I5 !K> < ? A

5 A G 5#" $: >

B('5:'(%&B(*)( > : @:B
%&
T j Qi \_^v MHZ SQxwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ Mn ZQ Qij Q M m f M> M_SVaMjQ Z SQ Z Mkjfw \ M M_S]X Y }
] èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^ M dQ Z Mjfw \ M \_âSZ S QT` ^F=QijQ M ^ QT^F QT` ^ Z Mv=Q l QFM ^2âèdf^
f M Z SQ \_Z j Qx QT`Q âZ Z S]âèdf^ NZ M Qid w Q Q ? \_â` \iz â| M o
m f
'
= âSv^Q\Z j Q M QT`Q
4^N MSv^ \_â` Mj Q Q\_âS[^^Tj Qi \^ MZ SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^7 MZ SQ Qij Q M
Q QihMjo m f } âa^$^F\_^NMk\ M_èdfMQT` aZ QijnQ jfMdQgdQT` aM_èdfM Q ? \Z j Q ` ^ âèdf^
jlM Qid 4 Q@QT^x QT` ^ MT o
*
m f '
`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM>Q \_Z j Q; QT`Q M` Q M Q èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^9 ^KTj Qi \_^K MFm\âS ^ QT` ^ Z M
=Q l QF^Tj =QijfQ M ^ QT^F QT` ^ ^N M Mkj M` QF^Tj; n m f } âa^.^
\_^ M\ M`pdfM QT` aZ QijQ@jfMdfQ@dQT` aM_èdfM Qx? \_Z j Q[` ^@âèdf^ jfM Qid Q@QT^x QT` ^ Mi o
4 8

m f '
M M_` ^ Qx? M Z MjfQ[MH jfM d Q

jfM M_\kd QTSvM_èdfMTo
; 8
!#"
4 LNMPORQ
Mm
{M Q
MT o
m f . ,+N[
+ } MdfMjfS ` MQ7MNZQ\iz QT| ^Q7jfMdfQ7dfQT` aM_`pdlM Q ? `pdfMkj M \Tz QT| ^ ^Tj Qi \_^
\_âS]^x QT` ^[ MnM NZQ\Tz QT| ^ =` ^@âèdf^ N7N }
^Th Mj Q\Tz QT| ^@QT`pdlMj ^Tj_o + 6 âa^ 4 + M7Q M NZQ\Tz QT| ^QnjfMkdQndQT` aM_èdfM
q 4 4 8 q â` M âZ MPORQ o q }
0
0
2
0
-2
-2

LNMPORQ m f .
+ } MdlMjfS ` MHQ M ZQ\Tz QT| ^xQjfMdfQ dQT` aM`pdfM Q ? èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^[ ^@Tj Qi \_^@ M
m \âSV^@ QT` ^x MnM ZQ\Tz QT| ^ ` ^xâèdf^ 4 }
{M Q ^Th Mkj Q\iz QT
| ^9QTèdfMj ^Tjo + 6 âa^ ;
+ M Q MNZQ\Tz QT| ^ Q jlMdQ2dQT` aM_èdfM Mi o
q ; / ; 8 q =â` M
=âZ MPORQ o q i }
^ =Qij QT TjQTwy^ QTèdfMj ^TjfM dfM_Sv^ o

9 b
LNMPORQgm;opU WX + qts XrZ SQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^dQ N Z MnQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q kM dQTS
` ^[\â`bOcZ `pdf^gQihMjldf^xU M_`pd_QT| ^ o
m { 498 M 4 { m
m
{ ; 8 M ; m f
jf^ Q M_aZ M7Q M` \Tz â| M M^Th Mj Q\Tz â| M QTèdfMj ^TjfM } $ dQn jf^T^ \Tz QT| ^ M7Mk dfM` M`QidfZ jQ
SvM_èdfM=QijQ% }
!#"
m
m
4 LNMm f .

\Q \_Z M M }
LNMPORQ 4 { m { M ; m f . 6 âa^ 4 8 M<; 8 6 M_èdQT| ^ o

m { m { '
LNMm f . ,+ +
+ % + 4l \Q \_Z M m }
LNMPORQ 4 { m { Y M 4 8 q {
6 âa^ o

m { 4
8 4 q
'
LNMm f . 2
@ \Q \_Z M m }
% + + + +
LNMPORQ 4 { m . 2 %
M 4 8 q % .
% % +
m . 4
8 % +
021l0 5:'
B(*
(%
(
> : @:B >A G A

nD

2
6 âa^ o
'
5 #
: K> < ? A
(
Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q dQTSh M_ S^ M_S Mkj `pdlMjl jfMdfQTQ \âSv^ dQb QF M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^2âZ jQTQT| ^
` dQT`pd QT ` MQ } Mw Qidf^ MPORQ UW X + QihMjldf^gM m9o Uqts X Z SQ[wyZ `{\iz QT| ^ dQ NZ M Q Mj QTQ
=Qijf\ Q Mk dfM_S]` ^[â`pdl^ f }
Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q m f M Q
MHmFQT^ â` a^QjfMdfQ NZ M7=Q l Q M ^
âèdf^ f Mx`Q jfMN\Tz QT| ^ df^ M> 2 f f
M NZ M_` ^ }
Mwy^TjfSvQQT` Q âeQ èdfMjR jfMdQTSv^ QâZ dRjQ Mj QTQ=Qijf\ Q o m f M Q

M mrQT^ â` a^QjfMdfQ NZ M =Q l QM ^âèdf^ f MK `Q jfM \iz QT| ^ + 4 df^ M
M Z M_` ^ }
f 4. f a
y +t
0
c(t)
c(t)
A
e2
e1
x 0+t
x0
d(t) d(t)
df^ >M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q SvM_ MS-Q M ^N\ QT MQ Qij Q\Tz QT| ^=Qijf\ Q Q@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^xM_SjfM Q\Tz QT| ^
Qx\_QTQ Qij Q M NZQT` ^Q âZ dljQ M dQT| ^@ QTQ }

!#"
4H- M MZ S"
^ Z S[M M_S 2 Y
Q MQ \_â` `QT ^ M .â` M M Q jlM l QT| ^ M_S

2 + Mv ^
M M Q;dfM_SxMjQidlZ jQ;M_S TjQTZ }LNMF^ ^ Z S[M ^K Q M M 2 Y MFQ
dfM_SxMjQidlZ jQ M M M_ M MTo
y MkdfMjfS ` MQ[dQb Q[ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^Q[ jlM l QT| ^gM_SCjlM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q[? dlM_S[MkjQidfZ jQx=QijfQv^ ^ Z SvM ^
M 2 Y }
MkdfMjfS ` M Q dQbQ M Qij Q\iz QT| ^x ^ ^ Z SvMM_S]jfM Q\iz QT| ^ Q@? jlM l QT| ^[=QijfQvQ@dfMS[MjfQidfZ jQ Q
M }
y $ \jfM QTSv^ Q@ jfM R QT| ^vM_S]wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^v ^ ^ Z SvMMQxdfM_S[MjQidfZ jfQ o
{

âa^
M_èdQT| ^ {

' 2 + '
Qij Q\Tz QT| ^HQ jfM l QT| ^ M_S&jfM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q? dfM_S[MjQidfZ jQ\jfM \_MQZ SQ7jQTQT| ^n M

`QT| ^[ MkM_` M M }
^TdfM NZ M

$ \jlM M_ Sv^ ^ ^ Z SvMHMSVwyZ `{\iz QT| ^vQx jfM R QT| ^vMQxdfM_S[MjQidfZ jfQ o
{
{^TjâZ dljf^ QT ^

_
M
e
`
d
T
Q
|
^
{ q

M=QijfQ @M

^Th dfMSv^
'
2 +

'
âa^ o
6=
{ q
' 2 Y '
Qij Q\Tz QT| ^x ^ ^ Z SvMM_S-jfM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q ? jfM l QT| ^v S ` Z Q@Z SQ jfQTQT| ^[ M
' 2 Y }
^TdfM_` \ Q M Mk dlj \^[` ^[â`pdf^ f MH QT ^@^Tjo
f {
+ + + +
â` M M7 QT ^xM_S ^ d M M M_S 2 } MdfMjfS ` MQ dQbQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^ ` dQTèd QT ` MQ M
M_S]jfM Q\Tz QT| ^ Q@? d QT ` \ Q[MS 7 N `Qx jlM \Tz QT| ^v ^ o
y M ^@ ^ 6
M ^[ ^ 6

y M ^[ ^ }
y M M_Sv^ \Q \_Z Qij 7N }
N

LNMPORQ 4 { m
. + 6 M_`pd_QT| ^ o
7N . 498 @ Y +
âa^ 6 7 N .
2 '
M M_Sv^ \Q \_Z Qij 7 N o
LNMPORQ ; m f + 6 M_`pd_QT| ^ o

; 8 { q + Y +
âa^ 6 7 N . q
2 }
y M M_Sv^ \Q \_Z Qij 7 N o

LNMPORQ / m 7 N { + 6 M`pdQT| ^ o
8 q + a Y +
âa^ 6/ 7 N . q

2 }

ZQT` ^ SQidfMj Q d î \^ QT| ^ M MPORQT ^ âZ;SQT` Z QT ^ ` Z S(QidfMjRjf^ ^N M_S Mkj hM
jQTQ =Qijld \_Z Q \_âèdQTS `QTQ =QijQ QQidfSv^ wyMjfQ \ jf\Z ` QT`pdfMi} $N Mj SvM_èdQ SvM_èdfM> Q MS
QT| ^x M dQ =Qijld \Z Q ^N M MjSv^N M QTQ M Q@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o

' Y

.
â` M M Q MS l QT| ^ NZQTèd QT M7 M7=Qijld \_Z Q hMjQTQ `Q@QidfSv^ wyMjfQn^Tjdfâ` M QTQ@ M ^ ^
SQT` Z QT ^ M@ Q M ^ \ QT M S M_ Q ^ M_èdf^ S[ SvMdRjf^ ^Tj ^TjQ Mx QZ S QT M
\_âèd Q` ^SQidfMj Q QTQMS ^Tjf\_M`pdQTaMS M
M Z SQ7\_â` dfQT`pdfM Z M MkM_` M ^dfQTSQT` ^
Q =Qijld \_Z Q } = Q \_Z MQHdQbQH M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^ QHM_S R QT| ^n=QijQnZ SvQH=Qijld \_Z QHdfQ Z M
( '
@M
M_S-jfM Q\iz QT| ^ o

y QT^ M_`pdl^ 6
Qx? Z S QT MT}
= Z j Q Mn` M M o

50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
y = Q \_Z QTSv^ o

$èdQT| ^ { ' Y
6 âa^

. ' '
= Q \_Z QTSv^ o

$èdQT| ^ x { q ' Y +
6 âa^
{ q ' >
`pdlMjl jfMdlMn^ jlM Z dfQT ^ ^Th d ^ ` ^ Z d Sv^xM M_S[ ^ }

'
50
021 :a5/5n8 > : K:J: %(%;5

n^ \_Q ^ MZ SvQ Qij Q M QihM_Sv^ NZ M MZ SvQHwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ M Mj Q M `pZ Sâèdf^pM Q M \_âèd ` ZQ
` ^7âèdf^ }^ dQij QTS[^ MdfMjZ S \âS[^TjldfQTSvM_èdf^7QT` Q âa^=QijfQwyZ `{\iz â| M M Qi j Q Qij Q M 6
` ^[M`pdQTèdf^tQxMk dM_ ` \ Q@Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q `QT| ^[eQijQTèdfMHQx\_âèd ` Z QT M QxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ }
M w Qidf^ QMk d M_ ` \ Q M m MM_` Mx ^ \_âS[^TjldQTSvM`pdf^[QgwyZ `{\iz QT| ^Fm âSvM`pdfM`Qg jlM \Tz QT| ^
^ M ^ ^ M[Q Mk d M_ ` \ Q M m MkM_` Mv ^ \_âS[^TjRdQTSvM_èdf^gQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^2m âSvM`pdfM@`Q
jlM \Tz QT| ^[ ^[M ^x ^ }

{^TjMk M_Sx
^ QihM_Sv^ NZ MHQxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o
{

f
m f { + + M

M f {
`QT| ^ Mn \â`pd ` ZQ`Q[^Tj aM_SF} ^[M_`pdfQT`pdf^ Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Mk dlM_S MS df^ ^ ^ â`pdf^
` \ Z Mn`Qx^Tj aM_SF} Mw Qidf^ MPORQTS 4 { m { x<M ; m f . 6 âa^ o

m { 4
8
m { ; 8 '
Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q =QijQ f QT| ^ o

m { Y+ q . + + + M
m . Y + q { 7+
+ + '
0/1 =H $S(Z SQ Qij Q M .Q Mk d M_ ` \ Q QF Mj QTQ MvZ SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^2`pZ S"â`pdl^
eQijQTèdfM Z M`Q jf^ S QT M M l Mâèdf^2^2Tj Qi \_^2Q2wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^2\QFh=Q dfQT`pdfMx j î Sv^FQ
jfMdfQ dQT` aM`pdfM Q M l M Tj Qi \_^ ` ^;âèdf^ \_â` MjQT ^ }LNM_aZ jlM_Sv^ M dQ M Q =QijfQ M dfM_` Mj
^ \_â` \_M df^ Mx wyMjfM` \ Qih QT M =QijQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M M Qi j Q Qij Q M } = ^TjRjfM â` M_` ^ Qg? jlMdQ
dQT` aM_èdfM`pZ Sâèdf^ ^@Tj Qi \_^ M7Z SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^xMS XdfMSv^ ^ T QT` ^dQT` aM_èdfM `pZ Sâèdf^
^ m M M dlM@ QT` ^ M M MkjnZ SQ ThêQ Qi jl^ SQ\Tz QT| ^v=QijfQ
^ m `pZ SQ ` QT`{\z Qg ^
âèdf^ }

~Hi LNMPORQm o U W Xqts X Z SvQwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ M` Q ` ^\_â`bOcZ èdf^QihMjldl^ U}

_MSv^ Z Mm M =. ` ^xâ`pdl^& U MnMk dlM_SVQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Mm
M_S MTo
m q

m q
m

n
â` M q Mn Q@\_âS[â` M`pdfM M SQ@ M M U}
0/1 =H QijQ % M dlM S dfMMk jfM l Q[^NZ MM_` QTS[^ QT^x _Mj NZ MTo
m f m f q m f q
M Z SQ@hêQ[Qi jf^ SQ\Tz QT| ^=QijQvm ` Z SvQ ` QT`{\_z Q[ M f }

~Hi m MH wyMjfM_` \ Q M M_SVUW!X M M wyMjlM_` \ Q M M_S]\QTQ@âèdf^[ MHU}
!#" = â` MjfMnQxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o
, +

m f { + + M f

M f {
m M \_âèd `pZQ[M_S : 6 ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q QT| ^ o
S
m { m
7 Y
m f + {
++ M
m f , + + -+ q + ++ '
a^TjQ
Qi NZ MSv^ Qx M` \Tz QT| ^v Mn wyMjfM_` \ Qih QT Mn=QijfQvm ` ^@âèdf^ o
m f
+
S
S
6
4
f 4 + + + +
\_â` MjfM o

- +
S
+
4
+
Y
S

+ + +

S
+

^ S dfM7 MM_` M M 6 âa^m2`QT| ^ MH wyMjfM_` \ Q M _M S }
\Qij{ jfMdQTSvM`pdfMQ Mk` \Tz QT| ^ MwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ wyMjlM_` \ Q M ^ M Mj eM_SS@Z df^ \Q ^ Th=Q dQTèdfM
\_âS[ \QT ^ } {^Tj l ^tQi jlM M_èdQTSv^ ^ M_aZ `pdlMHdfM_^TjlM_SQ o
t LNM ORQm oaUrWX;qts XEZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^[ M` Q[` ^@\_â`bOcZ `pdl^QihMjRdf^ UrdQ Z M
Mk dfMS df^NQ Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M_SC\QTQgâ`pdl^ M U M@\_QTQ Z SQv M Q M \_â`pd `pZQ ` ^
âèdf^ U} $èdQT| ^m MH wyMjfM_` \ Q M M_S }
udlM_^TjfM_SQHM dQihM M_\MQiM_`Q Z SQ \â` \Tz QT| ^ Z \ M_èdf>M âZ MPORQ
` MSdf^ Q Q wyZ `{\Tz â| M wyMkj
M_` \ Q M `pZ S âèdf^ M M_S dlMj Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q \_â`pd `pZQ `pZ SQ N ` QT`{\z Q2 M }
QijQxQ@ jf^ Q@ ^[dfM_^TjlM_S
Q MPORQ@^vQi M_ ` \_MT}

!#"
- +k
+

M f '
4 = â` MjfMnQ M_aZ `pdlMnwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^gm f {
+ +

M f .
Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q QT| ^ o

m {
m
f {
m
f {
m {
b
+ + + M
b

'
+ + +
^ dfM_^TjfM_SvQ=QijQ+ jf^ Qij Q
Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M dfM_S _M S df^N ^âèdf^ } \QijfM_S[^
wyMkjfM_` \ Qih QT M M m` ^ âèdf^ } QijQ dl^ jf^ QijfM_Sv^ NZ M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q
QT| ^x\_â`pd `pZQ ` ^[â`pdf^ }
bt
m { '
m f {
S
S
4
+ + +
4

+ + 6 M
Mnw Qidf^ + + M
- + + + 6 âa^ + {
dfMjlM
++
7
M < + + p} `Q âeQTSvM_èdfM7=QijQvQ@âZ dljQx Mkj QTQ@=Qijf\ Q }
Sv^ + .
++
^ ` â S ^ MS iQ j Q Qij Q M QT| ^[\ QijQTSvM_èdfM wyMjfM` \ Q M M_S]df^ ^@â`pdf^[ MX}

wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ m f { + + M wyMjlM_` \ Q M M_S-X + q
} MHw Qidf^ o
m + +
m + +

MHQTS h=Q QT| ^xwyZ `{\Tz â| M \_âèd ` ZQ MS]X +

q
}
~Hi
SvQwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ M/ dQ M\ Q l M MSrU NZQT` ^Mk dfM_SrQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q
M_S \QTQnâèdf^ MUEMM dQ QT| ^ \â`pd ` ZQ } âa^ m M\ Q l M S[ \QM_S-mg wyMjfM` \ Q M }

9 b
LNMm2M 4g QT| ^[wyZ `{\Tz â| M Mn\ Q l M ` ^@âèdf^& M_èdQT| ^ o
y m 4 Mn MH\ Q R M M_S }
m 4 M Mn\ Q l M M_S }
y LNM 4
m MH MH\ Q l M M_S }
4
jf^ Q M_aZ M_SVQvQi \Q\Tz QT| ^@ jfMdfQxQ[ M` \Tz QT| ^ }
!#"
4 wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^[ M` Q ^Tj^ ` â S ^ M Qi j Q Qij Q M QT| ^v M\ Q R M }
wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^m f {

+
+ + M wyMjfM` \ Q M M_S]df^N ^ X + } Mw Qidf^M \jfM M_` ^ o
m f . m f mm + ff
Y
â` Mxm f t + m + f M@m Y f ,+++/ MSv^ NZ M@Q dljM wyZ `{\Tz â| M QT| ^
wyMkjfM_` \ Q M M_S df^N ^ ^ QT` ^$^ QT| ^ ^ ` â S ^ M[m Y `QT| ^ MvQT`pZ QgM_S ` M_` Z S(âèdf^
^x QT` ^ } {M Q jl^T j M_QT M QTèdfMj ^TjfM m M wyMjlM_` \ Q M M_S]X + }
t LNM m M wyMjfM` \ Q M ` ^[â`pdf^ M_`pd_QT| ^m M \_âèd `pZQvM_S }
QijQxQ@ jf^
Q MPORQx^vQi M_ ` \_MT}

0/1 =H/
y LNMnm Mn M\ Q l M m MH wyMjfM_` \ Q M . m MH \_âèd `pZQ }
QT` ^ dfM_` aM`pdfMQT^nTj Qi \_^ M7Z SQnwyZ `{\iz QT| ^[m `pZ S â`pdf^ M ^ QT` ^ NZ M\_â`pdlM_S df^ Q Q
jfMdfQ dQT` aM_èdfM QT^Tj Qi \^ M@m NZ Mn=Q l QTSCM ^vâèdf^ }7LNM dl^NQ Q jlMdQ dQT` aM`pdfM QvM l M
âèdf^v`QT| ^ QT| ^v\_^ QT`QijfM tM_èdQT| ^v M_Sv^ Z M ^[ QT` ^[dQT` aM_èdfM `QT| ^vM dfMT} ^ j î S[^
=Qij QT TjQTwy^ QijfM_S[^ Z SQOcZ d \Qid Q@=QijfQ[Q M_aZ èdfMn Mk` \Tz QT| ^ o
~Hi
LNMPORQ moUWEX + qs X&Z SQvwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ wyMkjfM_` \ Q M ` ^ â`pdl^ f U}

7

H
c/ QT^ m ` ^xâ`pdl^ f m f l MT o

m f m f q m f q '

LNM_aZ M> M SvM_ Qidf^ Z M ^ Mdf^TjlM ` ^TjfSQ QT^v QT` ^vdfQT` aM_`pdlM` ^gâ`pdl^ f m f R
QT| ^ o
f
m f m f q

'
!#"
4H MdfMkjfS ` M[QFMNZQ\iz QT| ^2 ^F QT` ^FdQT` aM_èdfMgQT^2Tj Qi \^2 M -+
+ 4 ` ^
âèdf^ 4 }
h Mj M_S[^ Z Mm f { + + 4 M Z SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^H wyMjfM` \ Q M M_S&X + }LNMPORQTS
4 m -+ M ; / m f { + 6= âa^ 4 8 q . Y M
; 8 q { Y MTo
m { 4 8 6 m { ; 8
Mnm { } MNZQ\iz QT| ^[ ^x QT` ^[dQT` aM_èdfM` ^[âèdf^ 4 M

}

MdfMjfS ` M/Q M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfMQT^ Tj Qi \_^ M q + ` ^ âèdf^ m 4l
M q q m q q 4R }
m M wyMkjfM_` \ Q M MSVX + om 4{ q M m q q 4 q } {^TjâZ dljl^ QT ^ o
m f { m f { q {'
MNZQ\Tz â| M ^ QT` ^ dfQT` aM_`pdlM QT^ m ` ^ â`pdf^ q a M q q q QT| ^

q M @ { jfM M_\d QTSvM`pdfMi}
/ MdfMkjfS ` MQ MNZQ\Tz QT| ^ ^ QT` ^ dfQT` aM_`pdlMQT^Tj Qi \_^ M T 7

+ ` ^ âèdf^ 7 }
m M wyMkjfM_` \ Q M MSVX + o
m 4. N
m f { T + M
m f { q T /.7 '
M NZQ\Tz QT| ^x ^x QT` ^xdQT` aM_èdfMnQT^ m ` ^xâ`pdl^ 7 M

.@ q '
Mdf^TjlM ` ^TjlSQ ` ^xâ`pdf^ 7 QT| ^ N q 4 M
q N q 4 }
D :G K> < ? A
021 %I& A 2
:825(

âSv^M_S = Q \_Z ^ b^ M_Sv^ Z QijQ ThêQ Qi jf^ SQ\iz QT| ^ ^7 QT` ^dQT` aM_èdfM QT^7Tj Qi \_^`pZ SQ
` QT`{\_z Qx MnZ S]âèdf^@=QijQxM_wyMkdfZQij\ Q \_Z ^ ` Z S M j \^ Qi jf^ SQT ^ }
~Hi LNM ORQ2m wyMjfM_` \ Q M ` ^ â`pdl^ } Qi jl^ SQ\Tz QT| ^ ` MQij M[m M M_` ^TdQTQ
^Tj Mn Mk` Q[\_âS[^ o
y M % M m f o
=
f . m
f M )

M*%

f q m f q '
m o
m q m q m q '
LNMPORQ HMNZ M` ^ } QijQdf^N ^* p^Mjljf^Q Qi jl^ SQ\Tz QT| ^ M m q

M Qid w QTo

f
S q '

$S]âZ dljfQ =Q Q jQ Qi jf^ SvQxm `pZ SQ N `QT`{\z Qx M }

\QTSQTQ ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^x M m ` Z SvQ `QT`{\_z Qx M }
dfQTS h M S M
!#"
4 LNZ â` Q NZ Mv`QT| ^F âS[^ Mv\Q \_Z QT ^TjfQFâZ MvâZ dljf^ ` dljfZ S[M_`pdl^2 Mv\ Q \Z ^FM[ jlM
\ QTSv^ jfM ^ Mj^ M_aZ `pdlM jf^Th M_SQ o
y LNM f jfM jfM M_`pdfQ9Q dfMS[MjfQidfZ jQ2` Z S âèdf^ f `pZ SQ \MjldQ jfM_ QT| ^ ^
QT` ^ \Q \_Z QijQ M_aZ èdfM dfM_S[MjQidfZ jQ ' > ' M ' N ' > }
LN M f 7 % + + + + jlM jfM M`pdQ Q M` QT M MvZ S(âèdf^ f `pZ SQ
\_MjRdQ@jfM QT| ^[ ^xM =Q\_z &^ NZ Mn`QT| ^x\_âèdfM_S Qx^Tj aM_S MdlMjfS `
M ' ' ' 4 }
y = Q \_Z >M =Qi jf^ SQTQTS[M_`pdl>M ^ Q ^Tj M ' + ' +
' + }
y = âSv^ ' > ' M d Qv Mjldl^ M QT\ QijfM_Sv^ Q ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^ M `pZ SQ N `
QT`{\z Q[ M } df^ MT o

f .

q 4
q '

f n
df M_S[^ o

7 M f n
âèdf^ ' >
'
' >

M_èdQT| ^` Z SQ ` QT`{\_z Q ^ âèdf^
+6
@ '

M d Q@ Mjldl^[ ^xâ`pdl^ âa^ o

f + Y ff +
' > ' ' 9'
` Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM>\_âS[^ ' N ' > M d Qv MjRdf^ M 4 QT\QijfM_S[^ Q ` M_Qij Q\iz QT| ^ M

`pZ SQ N `QT`{\z Qx M 4 } df^ Mi o

$èdQT| ^`pZ SQ
f {
4
4
( '

4
4
4
qr
q 4
4
N `QT`{\z Qx ^@âèdf^ 4 dfM_Sv^ o
'

âa^ o
' N ' >
' 9'
M M_Sv^ MdfMjfS `QijQ ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^[ M v `pZ SQ N `QT`{\z Qx M 4 } fd ^ MT o

f . 4 4 q 4 4 4 q 4 '

f { + + +

f { + + + M

f { + + + '
$èdQT| ^`pZ SQ N `QT`{\z Qx ^@âèdf^ 4 pdfM_Sv^ o

@+ % q
% + + + +

'
âa^ o
' ' ' 4 ' '

y LNMPORQ m ft + + + } = â` MjfMSv^ ^vâèdf^ f M MdfMkj
S ` M_Sv^ Q ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^@ Mm ` Z SQ `QT`{\z Q@ ^[âèdf^ o

ft { m m q 4 m
m f m f m ft { m f
m . m . M m
âa^m
` QT`{\_z Qx ^[â`pdf^ pdfM_Sv^ o

$S-=Qijld \_Z

Qij ` ^xâèdf^ '

' +
' +

+
++
+
'
'

/
'
' +
q m q '
m ft { m f t '

. 6 M_èdQT| ^ ` Z SvQ
yw ^TjT\z Q M[QidljQ\Tz QT| ^ M_`pdRjfM[ ^ \_^TjR^ MxSQ l Q

d QT ` \ Q
Mn QTQ@^Tjo
' 4
M\d QTSvM_èdfM> dfZQT ^ Q Z SQ
$jlM

' l
'
'

r {

â` M HM Q \_â` dfQT`pdfM MTjQ dfQ\Tz QT| ^ } MdfMjfS ` M_Sv^ Q ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^ M
}
{ +
{ + M
{ q Y
âa^ ` ^@âèdf^ dfMSv^ o

6
. Y q
{^TjMk M_Sx ^ M

M fd M_S[^ Z MTo

QT^jfM ^Tj ^ âèdf^
'
q
=QijQ df^N ^ r `pZ SQ ` QT`{\z Q[ M 7N 4 }
S Mk ^ df^g M SQidfMkj Q jQT êQid ^[dfMS ^gwy^TjfSQidf^v M Z S \ ` jf^\ jf\_Z Qij7jlMdf^gM M M
^ R Z jHQ dlZ jQ` ^ QT ^ `pdlMjf` ^ aZQ Q 2 jQ ^ èdfMjl` ^ \_âS 2 MM M l Z jQ M ' 2 }
LNM ^n\_Z dl^n Mw Qih j \Q\Tz QT| ^H ^n M ^ df^ M M 2 ^Tj 2 Y } 2 \_M`pdQ ^ p MdfMkjfS ` M ^n\Z df^
Qi jf^ SQT ^x ^xSQidfMj Q Z QT ^ }

^ Z SvMMk Qidf^[ ^v Mk ^ df^ Mn Q[ wyMjfM_`{\_z QvM_`pdRjfM ^ ^ Z SvM ^ \ ` jf^ M =â` M

dfM_S jfQ ^ 9' M@Q dfZ jfQ ; ' M dfM_S jfQ ^ M@Q dfZ jfQ ; } MdlMjfS ` M_Sv^ Q
Qi jf^ SQ\Tz QT| ^ ` MQij ^ ^ Z SvM ^[\ ` jf^ o ; + ;} = âSv^ N el{
; ; M ; ; + 6
M_èdQT| ^` Z SvQ N `QT`{\z Q ^gâèdf^ N e dlM_Sv^ o ; ;[q } ^ Z SvM M

M
9' ' ' M[^ ^ Z SvM df^TdQ M ' q 2 Y[
' 2 Y }
M
' ' 2 '
âa^[^[\Z df^Qi jf^ SQT ^ MH
+QijfaZ SvM`pdf^ M M` ^ ^` M dfM=Qij QT TjQTwy^ M/aM` MjQ Qw QT\ S[M_`pdlM=QijQSQ M Qij Q M o
!#" LNZ â` Q Z M jfM dl^TjfM `pZ S \ jf\_Z dl^ QT| ^ \_â` M_\kdQT ^ M_S =QijfQ M ^ 6 Q;jlM
dM_ ` \ Q ^v\ jf\_Z df^ M QTQx^Tjo

+
Y
MdfMjlS ` M[Q ` MQij Q\Tz QT| ^F MV`pZ SQ `QT`{\z Q ^ âe` df^
SvM_ ^ MS S }
LNMPORQ + Y
o
/ + + Y
l +
+
/ + + Y
l +
Y
Y

^ =`pZ SQ ` QT`{\z Q@ ^xâèdf^ 7 adfM_Sv^ o

âa
021 5:'
NL MPORQ m oU
^ âèdf^
MkjfaZ `pdfQij
(
> : @:B

+ Y

B(*
(%
+ Y

%
5HG
'
7 â` Mv^ QT| ^

k + Y
R +
+
+
k + Y
R +
+ Y

'

'
)
2I5: A
W X + qts XCZ SQ;wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^9dQ NZ M ZQ Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M dfM_S _M S df^ ^
C
f x U} Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q QT| ^M_S aMjQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M M M Mg ^N M_S[^
MnQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M dQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M M dfM_SFo
m m oaUrW+X + tq s'X

'
~ Hi
^Tj_o

Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_a Z ` Q ^Tjf M_S M[m QT| ^g M` Q M M_` ^TdQTQ
m f q m
m f { S
4n
m f q m
m f { S
4n
m f q m
m f { S
4n
m f q m
m f { S
4n
f
f
f
f
MH^ S dfM kM dfM_S }

` ^TdQ\Tz â| M Z ZQ QT| ^ o
m f { + m + f

m f { + m f

m f { + m f

m f {] + m + f

!#"
4 =

Q \_Z MHQ Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` Qv^Tjf M_S] Mm f . -+ Y }

m { 7 Y
m + +
+ m + m .7 Y Y + m + m + + +
+ m m { Y 7 + '
+ m m + + 7 +

= Q \_Z MHQ Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` Qv^Tjf M_S] Mm f . % ,+ + }

m + b +
+ + q + + +
m + i +
+ m + + i + + + q + + +
7
+ m + . + q +
++

+ m + + b +
'
+ m + + + q t + +

0/1 =H/
y $SaMjfQ Mm oeUrW+X ;qts'X M7 Z SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^dQ Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q kM dfM_SMS
df^ ^ ^ âèdf^ U N M` Sv^ Q Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q M M_aZ ` Q ^Tjf M_S Mm Q _M aZ èdfM
wy^TjfSQ o
m q m
m
S

+m
m
MH^ S dfM Mk dfM_S } ` ^TdQ\Tz QT| ^ M }

âa^ M` Sv^ % + wyZ `{\Tz â| M o
m oaUWX qts'X '

LNM % dfM_Sv^ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` Q ^Tjf M_S M M % dfM_Sv^ Mj QTQ
=Qijf\ Q M MaZ ` Q[^Tjf M_SF}

LNM o' m + m + }

`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM> M` Sv^ Q Mj QTQ M^Tjf M_S
!#"
4 =
=
b Mkdf\T}
{^TjMk MS[ ^=QijQ

' ' ' ' %{o
Y m + m '

Q \_Z MHQ Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` Qv^Tjf M_S] Mm ft . 7 }
Q \_Z MHQ
m
m m
m
+ m + + m + + m +
+ m
+ m
+ m

+ m
+ m
+ m ('

Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` Qv^Tjf M_S] Mm ft .
% 7 }
2
7 m 2
7 M
m 2
o
+ m + 2
7 l q + +
% 7
+ m + 2
7 l q + +
% 7
+ m + 7 2
l q + +
%
+ m 7 2
7 R/ 2
7 q 7 +
% 7

+ m 7 2
7 l/ 2
7 q +
% 7

+ m 2
7 l 2
7 q +
% 7

+ m 7 2
l 2
q +
% 7

+ m 2
7 l 2
q 7 +
%

+ m 2
7 l 2
7 q +
% 7 '

! 7n [c oLNM ORQ f Z SvQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ ZQ M _M wyMjlM_` \ Q M `pZ S
\_â`bOcZ èdf^gQihMkjldf^[ ^@ QT` ^ } M ZQ\Tz QT| ^[ M Qi QT\_M Mi o
+ + + + '
M NZQ\Tz QT| ^ M Qi QT\_M;M d Q+ Q R ^N\ QTQQ wyM_` â SvM_` ^ M dQT\ â` Qi j ^ df^ M> ` MkM_` M_èdfM
^dfM_S[^ \âSv^9^Tj Mk M_S[ ^9^TdfM_` \ Q M Mdljf^ d Qi d \_^ } ^ Z{\Tz â| M M dfQ M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ QT| ^
\QTSQTQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M QijfS â ` \Q }
wyZ `{\iz QT| ^ f {
% M QijfS â ` \Q } MHw Qidf^ o
+ + q
% M + +
%
Z j Q Mn` M QxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ QijlS a^ ` \Q f {

% o

'
! 7n o NL MPORQ l Z SQKwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ ZQ M _M wyMkjfM_` \ Q M `pZ S

\_â`bOcZ èdf^gQihMkjldf^[ ^@ QT` ^ } M Z Q\Tz QT| ^ âS[â M_ ` MQx MHâ` Q MT o

+ + 32 + + +
â` M 2 2 M \QTSQTQ Q M ^ \ QT M M7 jf^T=QTeQ\Tz QT| ^ Q â` Q } l M \kjfM M^x M ^N\_Q

SvM_èdf^ Mjld \Q MnZ SQ \_^TjfQ h jfQT`pdfMi}
wyZ `{\iz QT| ^Fo
l {
2 q 2
Qid w Q Q@? MNZQ\iz QT| ^[Qxâ` Q } Mnw Qidf^ }
+ +
q 4 q 2 +
% %gq 4
+ + 32 + q 4 q 2 +
% o
j Qi \_^v M l =QijQ 2

% %
2 +
q 4 2 + '
`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM>QxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o
l {

Qid w Q Q@? MNZQ\iz QT| ^[Qxâ` Q } Mnw Qidf^ }

+ + q
+ + q
@ 2

2
q 2

% 2
2
q 2 l
2+

% 2
2
q 2 l '
j Qi \_^v M l =QijQ 2 o

~ Hi wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^m2oaUqts'X M M \ Q l M + NZQT` ^Mk dfMSQ Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q
Qid MH Q MaZ ` Qv^Tjf M_S]M_S]df^N ^ ^ â`pdl^ MU M Q wyZ `{T\ z â| M

m oaUW+X q s'X
QT| ^x\_â`pd `pZQ }

0/1 =H T^ dQTS[^ Z MH` ^ Mk MS[ ^ M dlZ QT ^ M_S[ jlM Mj \QTSv^ NZ Mio
m m '

\_â` M NZ M_` \ Q[ ^ M_aZ èdfMndfM^TjfM_SQ }
df^ Mn
t
/

LNMm2oeUW+X qts X M Z SQnwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ M\ Q l M + ` ^ âèdf^* M`pdQT| ^H=QijQndf^N ^ ' ' ' ' ' %
dfM_S MTo
m

=QijQ } QijfQ[Q@ jl^ Q MPORQx^vQi M_ ` \_MT}
!#" = â` MjfMSv^ Q@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o
+ q

m f .
+ +

m
M f
M f { '

NL M f bm
=Qijf\ Q Mm f
m
QijQ df^N ^
m
l
f ^ R Z Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q Mdf^NQ Q ^Tjl M_` 6 M_S Q Mj QTQ

M dfM_S]M QT| ^xdf^ Q `pZ Q o
q + + +,+k
+ m q + q + +-+k
+ '
f .
m f { q m f { @MTo
+ m f
{ q
+ m f . '

M\ Q l M + }
âa^tQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^v`QT| ^ Mn
0/1 =H/
y $/S&aMjQ eQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M ThM_S&\âS[^TjldfQTQ a\_âSv^Q ^ ` âS Q TMkNâ` M_` \ Q M QSvQ ^Tj Q
Q wyZ `{\iz â| M Z d _QTQ ` M dfM jl^ QT| ^x Mn\ Q l M + }
M_aZ j7Qi jfM M_èdQTSv^ ^ Tj Qi \_^ M Q \_Z j Q MH` M Q@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ MH\ Q l M + o
m f . + q +
M M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q M j SvM jQ M Ma Z ` Q[^Tjf M_SVS dQ fj M M_\d QTSvM_èdfMTo

-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-1
y fd M^TjfM_SQ MFLN\Qij dQTSh M_ S M Q ^ =QijQ; Mj QTQ

^ } nM w Qidl^ M Q dfMjf\M jQ Mj QTQ Mm QT| ^v\_âèd `pZQ m
Y m + m + m

{^TjâZ dljf^ QT
^ w Q _M_` ^ 4 m o
Y m + 4 + 4 Y m

{ \_Qx\_âSv^@Mk Mjf\ \ ^x MdfMjfS `QijQ âZ dljfQ aZQ QT M }
0/1 =H/
y $/S aMjQ m M M@\ Q l M 4 ` ^ \_â`bOcZ èdf^ QihMjldl^ U
^Tjf M_S M dfM_S]M QT| ^v\_âèd `pZQ M_S]U}
m M Mn\ Q l M M MH MH\ Q R M =QijQ df^N ^ }
-2
-1
S d Q M ^Tjf M_S Z Mj ^Tj[Q

MH\ Q l M Y dlM_Sv^ o
Y m

'
'
M@Q Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Qid M
021 "5

%&

;5H:
(%
t
M % m f M Z SvQvwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ M\ Q l M
4 LN<
dQ Z M ZQ Mj QTQ =Qifj \ Q M dfM_S M_èdQT| ^ o

b M
b TQ| ^gwyZ `{\Tz â| M

'
z
x
$S-=Qijld \_Z
Qij M M QT| ^x Mj Q M M_èdQT| ^ o

'
z
x
y
t
NL M % 5) m f MF Z SvQKwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ MF\ Q l M

l
l M

l QT| ^[dQ Z M Q Mj QTQ =Qijl\ Q Mk dlM_S M_èdQT| ^ o

) ]
) ) )
)
]
)
)
)

) ) ) ) '

w
x
r s t
$S-=Qijld \_Z
r s t
r s t
Qij M M QT| ^[ Mj Q M M_èdQT| ^ o

w
x
) ) )

)
!#"
4 =

Q \_Z M ) M
m ft . 7 â` M + M
}
)
) ) )

) 7 +
M ) 7 + Y }

)
Y 6 M_èdQT| ^ 6 .// }

^Th dfMkj^xSvM Sv^ jfM Z dQT ^xw Q _M_` ^gQx\âS[^ \Tz QT| ^@Q yw Z `{\Tz â| M o

yx )

. M
h Mj M Z M^N M_S[^
)
m + lkl
/ +

{^N MMkN \_Qij^Tj Z M df^[^ \_^TjljfM

LNMPORQ&) m ft . ,+/
+ + MTo
'
)

'

/
/
.
Q \_Z M2 )

M2 ) }
) ) ) )
) {
% 2
{
âa^ Z d QT` ^vQ@ M` \iz QT| ^vQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M M
=
2

% M
'
%

% + 2
+
2
+ '

âSv^[QTèdfM Mnw Q_M_S[^ ) m . +

%
%
2
:6
dfM_Sv^ o
+ 2
+
2

+ 2
% +

^Th dfMSv^ o

%
'
$S Z S ` dfQT`pdfM@QT ^$^ \_âS[ j SvM_èdf^g M@Z S QT ^ M@Z S(dRj QT ` aZ ^ fj Mkd QT ` aZ ^ M 2
M \jfM \M Q ? jfQTQT| ^; M 2
4 6 ^;\_âSx j SvM`pdf^ ^ âZ dljf^ QT ^ M 2 M M_\jfM \_M 2
Q ? jQTQT| ^
M 2
4 } = Q \_Z MxQgjfQTQT| ^ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^ QgSvM_ Qg ^ QT ` aZ ^ QTaZ ^ ^T^ df^ QT^ QT ^ M
2 =S[M_ ^@M_S]jQT QT` ^ ` ^ ` dQTèdfMHQT ^ }

LNMPORQTS M ^ QT ^ ` ^ ` dQT`pdlM M 2 4 ^ TQ ` aZ ^M_S NZ M dQT| ^ 6 M Q

jfM_TjfQxQ[\QT M Q o

6

+ + + +

dfM_S[^
6 q ^ M\jfM \MT}xLNZ h d dlZ ` ^ M dfM Q ^TjfM `Q
MkN jfM l QT| ^vQT`pdfMkj ^Tj q
6 âa^ M_\kjfM \_M Q@? jQ TQT| ^x M

4 '
d M_ ` \ Q =M_S S MnZ S \ jl\_Z df^ Mn QTQ[^Tj â` M M Qv\_^TjljfM`pdfMMS
jlM
QTS[ M? jlM M M Qvwy^TjT\z QvM MkdljfâSv^Tdlj >M_S ^ d } Z SC\Mjldf^ ` dQTèdf>M , ZQT` ^ ^ d
M [ QTS[ M? jfM QTZ SvM`pdQv`pZ SQ M ^N\ QT M <M ' ^ d i M_[M S `pZ Q ? M ^N\ QT M
M ' QTSx M? jfM i M_ } MdlMjfS ` MnQ dQbQ@ M Qij Q\iz QT| ^ ` dQT`pd QT ` MQx M x}

N.
}/LNMPORQTS
QHwy^TjT\z QnM MdljfâSv^TdRj ` ^ ` dQTèdfM M @ QH\^TjljfM_èdfM
` ^ ` dQTèdfM } {M Q jfM_TjQ@Q[\QT M Q o

' q
M_S[^ '

Q ^TjfM `Q[MkN jfM l QT| ^vQTèdfMj ^Tjo

[ q

' ^

'
M_\jlM \_MT}LNZ h d dlZ ` ^9M dfM
;
4 '

Q jfM R QT| ^ Mx ^ ^ Z S[M> M
a M M[Z S Q M_Q \_â` `QT ^ M $â` M M[
Q dfMS[MjfQidfZ jQ M \_â` dfQT`pdfMi} - Q M d Q M_` ^ Q> Z M_\ ^ Q ? jQTQT| ^F M 4
%M
Qv jfM l QT| ^FQTZ SvM_èdQ Q? jQTQT| ^g M ' 4 %{}HLNM M_S \_Mjldl^ ` dQTèdfM>QdfM_S[MjQidfZ jQ M M
TjQTZ MnQ jfM l QT| ^ Mn M 4 2 + =QT\ M Q@jfQTQT| ^[\_âS Z M Qij Q ^ ^ Z SvM7=QijQ }
$ \jfM M_S[^ ^ ^ Z SvM ^v Q M_S]wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^Q@ jlM l QT| ^vMQxdfMS[MjfQidfZ jQ o

{

'
LNMPORQTS Q7 jlM l QT| ^ ^ Q ` ^ ` dQTèdfM M QdfM_SxMjQidlZ jQ ^ Q ` ^ ` dQTèdfM

} {M Q@jlM_TjQxQ@\QT M Q[MHZ QT` ^NZ M M ' o

q
'
âSv^
=

M

Z h d dfZ ` ^vM dlM Q ^TjfM ` Q[M jfM R QT| ^QTèdfMj ^Tjo

q

% '
^ Z SvM M_\kjfM \_M Q@? jQ TQT| ^x M 2 Y % '

| ^@ M 2 Y
4 }/LNMQ@aMkjQidlj 7w Q\âS-^xM ^ ^
e MZ SVwyZ ` \ â ` \^xM \_êQ QT aZQ Q ? jQTQT

\_â` MxZ S QT ` aZ ^ $ MdfMjfS ` MxQ M ^N\ QT Mx\_âS Z M@h=Q Qg^ ` M M QT aZQ ` ^ wyZ `
` ^[S[âSvM_èdf^xMS Z Mn^@jQ ^@Qxh=Q MH ^ ^ Z S[M Z ^ M aZQ Q 2 }
r
h
LNMPORQTS ^ jQ ^ ^F\â` Mx` ^ ` dQTèdfM ; ; Q Q dfZ jQg ^ \_â` Mx` ^ ` dQT`pdlM }

^ Z S[M ^[\_â` M M ; + ; } M M_Sv^ \Q \Z Qij ; }

;
;

QihM_Sv^ NZ M M 4 { ;, âa^

âa^dlM_Sv^ ; + 2
` Q NZ M m ,+ q
LNZ â
Mnw Qidf^ PM ORQ

;
; 4
;
+ ;
.
+ ;

;
M

;

MTo
+ ; '
Y M wyMjlM_` \ Q M X }$èdQT| ^ m Qid w Q Q7? MNZQ\iz QT| ^ o

+ '
+ q Y 6 M`pdQT| ^ m } {M Q@jfMTjQxQ@\QT M Q o

âa^ +
! 7n

M QTQx^Tjo
m
8

qm 8

+6
m 8 7 + q 7 + }
o NL MPORQ l M \ Q l M + } M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ âSvâ M_ ` M_Q[ M â` Q
+ + 32 + + +
^ Z{\Tz QT| ^ \QTSQTQx MH 7 QTShMjld M dQ[M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ HM QTQ@^Tj_o
l {
m @ 2 4 q 2
â` MHmFM 4 TQ| ^ wyZ `{\Tz â| M jfMQ MZ SQ Qij Q M Z Q M M wyM jfM` \ Q M } Mw Qidf^ M QjlM_TjQ
Qx\_QT M Q o
âZ PM ORQ
+ + 32 + + + }
+ + m 8 8 @ 2 498 8 q 2 M
+
+ 32 + m 8 8 @ 2 4 8 8 q 2 l
021 5:'
(%
: /5 > : A 8 @ J

NL Z â`Q NZ MM dQTS[^ `pZ SQ QT M jQ MZ SQ7SvâèdQT`QM M MPORQTSv^ MdfMjfS `Qij/Q ` \ `Q\Tz QT| ^
QSvâèdQT`Q`Q jfM \iz QT| ^7 ^M ^ ^ }LNMQSvâèdQT`Q M/ jlM jfM M`pdQTQM ^Tj Qi \_^7QwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^
m f M_èdQT| ^=O Q QihMj QTSv^ MkdfMjfS `QijQ ` \ `Q\Tz QT| ^FMS" ZQ jfM \Tz â| M wyMjlM_`pdlM Q
m
QihMj `Q jfMN\Tz QT| ^g ^M ^ ^ Z d QT` ^ f M`Qg jfM \Tz QT| ^g ^gM ^ ^ Z d QT` ^
m f } M dfMv=Qij QT TjQTwy^ MjfMSv^ \_âSv^2Z d Qij Mj QTQ2=QijQ2 MdfMkjfS `QijQ ` \ `Q\Tz QT| ^
M_ S NZQ Z Mj jfM \Tz QT| ^ 6 =QijQ df^F M` Sv^ Z S ` ^ ^Fd ^F M Mj QTQF\ QTSvQTQ jfM\ â`Q }
$ dfMH\â` \_M dl^xaM_` MkjQ Qx^@ MH Mkj QTQ@=Qijf\ Q df^ >M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q MHZ SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^
^ M_S Mj^Th d Q \_âSv^@\Q ^ =Qijld \Z QijfM Q Mj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q }
LNMPORQTSU W+X 2QihMkjldf^ m2oaU W+X ;qs X Z SQnwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ UE
M
Z S Mdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^nM_S X {}
~Hi Mj QTQH jfM_\ â`Q M7m ` ^Hâèdf*^ M`QH jfM \iz QT|
^
M M_` ^TdQTQ^Tj
m
M M` Q[^Tjo

m S m
q m
4n
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

LNM% aUW+X Y QihMkjldf^pm oaUrW+X Y qts'XZ SQ7wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ f UM
+ Y
Z S Mdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^ M_S X Y } Mj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q M[m ` ^ â`pdf^ f M@`Q fj M \Tz QT| ^
M
M_` ^TdQTQ@^Tjo
m f MH M` Qx^Tjo

m f { S m f + Y q m f
4H
MH^ S dlM7Mk dfMT}

`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ % }
!#"
4 wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ o
- +

/
M f

M f {
`QT| ^ M; \_âèd `pZQ`Q^Tj aM_SF} ^M_`pdfQT`pdf^Q Mj QTQ jfM\ â`Q ` ^â`pdl^ MKMS
NZQ NZ Mj jlM \Tz QT| ^
+ Mk dlM_SF} Mnw Qidf^ o

m f {

_ + q m . m _ l + +
+ +
m

M_èdQT| ^ o
++

m { S m + q m S
+ + +
4 n
4n +

+

M +
+

M + '
= Q \_Z MHQx Mj QTQ[ jfM\ â`Q Mm f . -+
+ `Qx jfM \Tz QT| ^ N7 }
Mdf^Tj N7 `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 âa^
NN77 M Z ` d Qi j ^[MTo
m @
M_èdQT| ^tm @

f
.

f

.
@
q m f . +

m
.
+

.
+
6
6 âa^

f
m S

qm

nS
n
'
= Q \_Z MHQx Mj QTQ[ jfM\ â`Q Mm ft . 7 `Q[ jfMN\Tz QT| ^ 4 }
Mdf^Tj 4 `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 âa^
44 Mn Z ` d Qi j ^@MTo
m

M_èdQT| ^
m

{
{
f
f

.
{
.
.
f
@

q m f
{ Y + +

7 l

k
âa^

m S
n
..+
+
7

77

'
=H/
y Mj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q M; QaM` MjQ Q\Tz QT| ^`QidfZ jQ Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q } M;w Qidl^ M
pM_èdQT
| ^Q Mj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q MHm `Q jlM \Tz QT| ^
M Q Mkj QTQ@=Qijf\ Q MHm
M_S]jfM Q\Tz QT| ^[Q o
m f { S m f q m f ] m f '
n
` Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM M
+ M
Y 4 o
m f { m ft
m+
m

{ ft '
Y

Mk` \Tz QT| ^[=QijfQ % Mn QT` Q âeQ }
^TdfM_Sv^ NZ M `Q Mk` \Tz QT| ^ M@ Mkj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q ^ Mkdf^Tj
M M MjHZ ` d Qi j ^ } jQ TQT| ^
df^ M2 Q M_aZ `pdfMio M2^ Mdl^Tjg`QT| ^ wy^ l M Z ` d Qi j ^ Q Mj QTQ jlM_\ â`Q `QT| ^ MM` Mj Q
âSvM`pdfM ^[â`pdf^xMHQx jfM \iz QT| ^ =SvQ dfQTS h M SV ^x\_âS[ j SvM_èdf^@ ^ Mdf^Tj_}
y QijQ %
MdfMkjfS `QxQx jfM \Tz QT| ^v ^@ QT` ^ M_\QTèdfM Z M `pdfMkj M_\dfQ[^[Tj Qi \^[ Mm}
0/1

{^N M TQ \_âèdfM_\_Mj NZ MQ Mkj QTQH jfM_\ â`Q MZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ `pZ S&âèdf^n`pZ SQ\_MjldfQH jlM \Tz QT| ^
Mk dQ M Q Mj QTQ; jlM_\ â`Q Q SvM SvQ wyZ `{\iz QT| ^9` ^;S[M Sv^2âèdf^;M_S âZ dljQ jfM \iz QT| ^K`QT| ^
Mk dQ }
02143 '5:'(%& : 5 > : A 8 @J > A G A
nD

5 #
%
: K> < ? A
(
Mwy^TjfSQQT` Q âeQQT^NZ M^N\^TjljfM\_âS Q Mkj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Qv Mkj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q MxmK` ^
âèdf^ U `Qx jfM \iz QT| ^
Mk j SvMQ@dfQbQx M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^@ Mm QT^ â` a^xQ@jfMkdQ 2

â-Z M NZ Q M`pdfMSvM_èdfM>Q dQbQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^ M2mM_S'jfM Q\iz QT| ^Q;
? d QT ` \ Q
` ^ QT` ^ t `Q
jlM \Tz QT|
^
}
c(t)
y +t
0
A
e2
y0
e1
x0
x 0+t
=H ^ QTSvM_èdfM> QnMk dM ` \ Qn M df^NQ Q Mj QTQ jlM_\ â`Q MZ SvQHwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^
`pZ S âèdf^v`QT| ^[eQijQT`pdlMQ[\_âèd `pZ QT MnQvwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^` ^[âèdf^^ tM NZ Q MnQvQi jf^ SQij M
^xâ`pdl^[^Tj jfMdQ }
!#"
^TdlM_` \ Q M M dlj \_^@` Z SQ jfM_ QT| ^x ^xM =Q\_z ^ MH QT ^@^Tj ft { -+
+{ + } \ M
Q@dfQbQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^@ M ` ^xâèdf^ N q M`Qx jfM \Tz QT| ^v M N q =QijQ[Q@^Tj aM_S }
Mdf^Tj N q `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 âa^
NN qq N q } $èdQT| ^ o
0/1
m . f q
@ {

{

+6
M>
m @ . f q

q m ft .

. q '
âa^
m S
4 n

{ q

m N q {

. q / }$èdQT| ^ o
'
=H NL M m M2 wyMkjfM_` \ Q M ` ^ âèdf^ M_èdQT| ^m^ l Z df^NQ Q Mj QTQ

jlM_\ â`Q MS } jfM\ jf^ \Q M w Q Q } /lj ^N\_Z jfMMk M_S[ ^ }
0/1
02143x3
9:5H85 ;
% 5
(%
8>@< ? A
LNMPORQTSUrW+X QihMjRdf^ UEMm oaUrW+XKqts X Z SQHwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^dQ Z MQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q
Mk dfMSVMS }
~Hi TjQT _M `pdlM[ Mm` ^ â`pdf^ M[ ^ $ ^ X M_` ^TdfQT ^ ^Tj[m M
M` ^[^Tjo
[m
$
m m ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' m
+

'
Z Q M_èdfM_S[M_`pdlMTo
xm m m + ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'k m '
tU&WX Y QihMjRdf^m;o U WX Y qts XZ SQxwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ f U ^vTjQT M_èdfM M

m ` ^@âèdf^ ft M Mn Mk` ^[^Tjo
LNM
xm f .
m f
m ft a
m f

`Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM=QijfQ% }
j a^Tj [m M/ Z SvQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ NZ M/Q l ^N\ QQ\QTQâèdf^ U W+X
$ dfMd ^ MgwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ Mg
\ QTSvQT ^ \_QTS[^ M Mdf^TjfM } ` âS[M
TjQi\QTS[M_`pdl
M [m ^ M_aZ èdfM2Sv^ ^ o M_S \QTQKâèdf^ U
^Tj aM_S]M_S Mn\_âS]^[\âS[ j S[M_`pdl^xMH jfM \iz QT| ^[ Mxm }
'
Z S Z ` \_^ Mdl^Tjxm X }
MnOcZ d \_Q MgMkN jfM l QijlSv^
M M_`QTSv^ Z S Mdf^Tjv\âS

!#"
4 LNMm f
. ,++ 6 M_èdQT| ^ [ m f { 7{ }

f

f
4
f
f

N
b
7 i
N7
b7 i

f

b
i

f
? S[M_ Q N Z Mn^@âèdf^ M QTw Q dQxQx^Tj aM_S]^v\_âS[ j SvM_èdf^@ ^[TjQT M_`pdlMn\jfM \_M M\Q aZQ
Qx ZQ M _M Qx d QT ` \ Qx ^[â`pdf^ Qx? ^Tj aM_SF} $ h^\_z ^x M[m MHQ \_Z j Q MH` M Mnmo
2
-1
-2
-2
-1

NL Mm f . ,+ q + 6 M_èdQT| ^ [
m f { q }
f

f
4
f

f

N
b
q i
N q
b q i
f

b
i

f
? S[M_ Q N Z M ^Hâ`pdf^ MQTw Q dQHQ^Tj aMS ^\_âS[ j SvM_èdf^ ^nTjQT M_èdfM\kjfM \_M\QT` ^ aZQ
Qx ZQ M _M Qx d QT ` \ Qx ^[â`pdf^ Qx? ^Tj aM_SF} $ h^\_z ^x M[m MHQ _\ Z j Q MH` M Mnmo
2
-1
-2
-2
-1
LNMm f {
%
% 76 M_èdQT| ^ [ m f { 2

[m MHQ \_Z j Q MH` M Mmo

% 2
l } $ h ^\z ^[ M
-2
-4
-6
LNM m f , +n +&+ HM_èdQT| ^ o [ m ft K {7t7 M x m f

+ + + } M h^\_z ^v Mxm MT o
-6
-4
-2

9 b
LNM m M Z SQxwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^[ wyMjfM` \ Q M M_èdQT| ^ o
QijQxQ@ jf^ Q
MPORQx^vQi M_ ` \_MT}
0/1 =H
LN*M % NZQ NZ Mj Mdf^Tj Z ` d Qi j ^
QT ` aZ ^x jfMkdf^Tj M
} âa^ o

m [m

'
!#"
4 = Q \_Z M
4 }
^N M M jM \j df^x`Q[wy^TjfSQ

m f {32
m f

m f '
Q Mkj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q M m f
%

QT ` aZ ^xwy^TjfSQT ^ ^Tj 4 MH^xM ^x^ d ^x ^ M

m f { 32

+

+ + `Q jfM \iz QT| ^K ^ Mkdf^Tj

âa^ o
+
Q \_Z MHQ Mkj QTQ jfM_\ â`Q M ) m ft { 7 `Q[ jfMN\Tz QT| ^[ ^ Mdf^Tj 7 N7 }
a^ ` MjlM_Sv^ ^ Mdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^
77 NN77 6 âa^ o
=
=

+
+
'
+

% â` M M ^

m f { l l7

. /{

'
\Z M Q Mkj QTQ jlM_\ â`Q M ) m f `Q+ jfM \Tz QT| ^+ ^ Mkdf^Tj
q }
Mdf^Tj q q `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 âa^
q q }

m ft { f q q { q q { '
#= Q
q
02143x3x143

;B{5' K>x< A ? 5B

5 A G 5 " !: > B B A
/5
&
LNMPORQTS m;oeU W X qts XrZ SQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^g wyMjlM_` \ Q M dQ N Z M [m

^ QT ` aZ ^xwy^TjfSQT ^@^Tj
M[m} $/`pdQT| ^ o
K:5H85B
(%
Z S Mdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^vM
x m
2
[m 2
:6
\_âSv^ 2
Qid ` aM^[S bQ Sv^M_S o

m xm '

LNM M_èdQT| ^ [m MH ^Tjldlâaâ`Q
Q
}
LNMn\â` MjfQTSv^ ^ Mdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^ o
xxmm =M`pdQT| ^

m [m [[mm [xm m + [m '
^ dlM_Sv^ Q aZQ QT M NZQT` ^v Mj QTSv^ `Q[ jfMN\Tz QT| ^[ M [m}

âa
9 b
LNM [m M_èdQT| ^ o
y dQb Q;S Qb SQ2 MF\kjfM \ SvM_èdf^ M2m ` ^Kâèdf^ ^ \_^TjljfM `QK jfMN\Tz QT| ^9MF` ^ _M `pd ^ ^
TjQT M_`pdlMT} `Q âeQTSvM`pdfM Q dQbQ S ` SQ9 M \jfM \ S[M_`pdl^ MKmu` ^âèdf^ ^ _\ ^TjljfM ` Q
jlM \Tz QT| ^[\â`pdlj Qi j QxQx ^vTjQT M_èdfMT}
Q ^TjS Qb Sv^ M
m ` ^[â`pdl^ M [m }
m
y LNMxm
M_`pd_QT| ^
@=QijfQ@df^ ^
}
xm

=H TjQT M_èdfM Mmg` ^Hâèdf^ ` \QnQ jfMN\Tz QT| ^ ` ^ c/ m l

MnSvQ ^Tj\jfM \ S[M_`pdl^v Mm2` Z SvQ `QT`{\_z Q[ ^xâ`pdf^ }
!#"
7
M Q dlM_S[MkjQidfZ jQM_S TjQTZ = M Z ^Th jlMZ SQ QT S `Q
4 LNM f + + +

SvMd Q \_
Q M S[M_ ^ M_S 2 MdfMkjfS ` MKQ jlM \Tz QT| ^+ M9\kjfM \ SvM_èdf^S Qb Sv^ M Q
=Qijld j ^@âèdf^ 4 MnQ@dQb Q@S Qb SvQ Mn\jfM \ S[M_`pdl^[ M ` M l MHâèdf^ }
{M Q jf^T^ \Tz QT
| ^ T` ^â`pdl^ 4 iQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^\jfM \_MSQ jQi QTSvM_èdfM`Q jfM \Tz QT| ^7 M 4
MHQxdQbQ S Qb SQ MH\jfM \ SvM_èdf^x` M dQ[ jfM \Tz QT| ^ M 4 }
0/1

f { + + + q + + l + q + >6
4{ +

M

4

+
'

^Tj\_M_èd SvMdljf^ }
o ^ Z{\Tz QT| ^KQi jlM M_èdQTQ;^N M MjxM_` eQT` ^ Q
/^ QiM Qij[ M ^;TjfQT M_èdfM
QiâèdQij `Q jfMN\Tz QT| ^ M SvQ ^Tj\jlM \ SvM_èdf^ Q dfMS[MjfQidfZ jQ
{`QT| ^ ` M_\_M R Qij QTS[M_`pdlM ` \Q2^
Z eQijSQ Z M_èdfM Q QT S `Q
df^ M> ^[TjQT M_`pdlMn` ^ Qx Z SQ ^ Z{\Tz QT| ^v`pZ S]M Z M_` ^QihMkjldf^
QT^FjfM_ ^Tj ^2â`pdf^ 476 MgS@Z QTS[^ M dlMvâèdf^ Q jfM \Tz QT| ^2 MgSQ ^Tj \jlM \ SvM_èdf^ S@Z Q }
M M_` ^ ^[TjQT M_`pdlM QT^xjlM_ ^Tj ^@âèdf^ 4 `pZ SQ@jlM_ QT| ^@ ^[ QT` ^ jfM M_\kd QTSvM_èdfMTo

2
2
1.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
NL Z â`Q NZ M^n^TdfM` \ Q ` Z SvQ QT S `Q QT`Q M QT ^ ^Tj f { q MS

^ d M M_S 2 }
y MdfMjlS ` MHQ@dQb Q@ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^@ ^x^TdfM_` \ Q MS ZQ NZ Mkj jfM \Tz QT| ^@=QijQ M Q[QT^xM ^x ^ }
MkdfMjfS ` MnQ dQbQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^[ ^@^TdfM_` \ Q M_S NZQ Z Mj jfMN\Tz QT| ^[=QijQ M QxQT^xM ^x ^ }
y MdfMjlS ` MHQ@dQb Q@ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^@ ^[^TdlM_` \ Q `Q@ jfM \iz QT| ^v ^ Mdl^Tj 4 }
ZQ Mn Q dQbQ S Qb SQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^[ ^@^TdfM` \ Q ` ^[â`pdf^ 7
$S Z MH jfM \Tz QT| ^ =Q@=QijRd jQx^Tj aM_S ^@^TdfM_` \ Q QTZ SvM_èdQxM S `pZ
LN^ Z{\iz QT| ^ o ZQ Z Mj jfM \Tz QT| ^x=QijQ M Q[QT^@M ^[ ^ MH QTQxM ^ Mdf^Tj : 6 âa^ o

f { f { + q '
H ` Q âeQTS[M_`pdlM> NZQ NZ Mj jfM \Tz QT| ^ =QijQ M Q QT^ M ^ ^ M QTQ2M ^ Mdf^Tj
âa^ o

f .V f { {
$èdQT| ^ o
4 :6
'

y Mdf^Tj 4 `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 ` ^TjfSQ QT` ^^ Mdf^Tj^Th dlM_Sv^

f { f
'
4 M\Q \Z QTSv^ o

f {

f {

f f
f 4
+ 7 q '

+ q

l7 76
dQb Q@S Qb SQ ^x^TdfM_` \ Q ` ^xâ`pdf^ 7 M 7 }

f

+ + q
7 6
âa^ 7 ^ d }
jfM \iz QT| ^v ^[TjQT M_èdfM Mn Q>N Z M Q@â` MH^x^TdlM_` \ Q \ jlM \_M vS Q jQi QTS[M_`pdlMT}
^
âa
{ q '
=QijRd j@Q;^Tj aM_S ^;^TdfM_` \ Q \jfM \_MFSQ jQi QTSvM`pdfM `Q; jfM \Tz QT| ^; ^ Mdl^Tj q M
M_\jlM \_M9SvQ jQi QTSvM`pdfM `Q jfM \Tz QT| ^ ^ Mdf^Tj;q 2 } /MPORQ^ M_aZ èdfM
M M` ^ o
7.5
2.5
-2.5
-5
-7.5
-7.5
-5
-2.5
2.5
7.5
{ dfM_S[MjQidfZ jfQH ^QijM_S\MjldQ Q d dlZ M M QTQn^Tjm ft { 7 + Y -+ Y ,+ Y }

S-Q QT| ^@M d Q ^N\_Q _QT ^@` ^â`pdf^ q 7N 4 } $S NZ M jfMN\Tz QT| ^x M M êQij=QijfQ Z M^@Sv^Tdf^Tj
jfM wj MH^[SQ jfQi QTSvM_èdfM^ l M
Mndf^ Q Q jlM \Tz â| M ^ l M Q[ jfMN\Tz QT| ^ ^TjQT M`pdfM M Q>NZ M Q[â` M Q[wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^g\jfM \_MSQ
jQi QTSvM_èdfMT} âa^ ^[Q N QT| ^[ M Mj Q êQij`Qx jfM \Tz QT| ^[\_â`pdRj Qi j QxQx ^xTjQT M_èdfMT}

m f . .7 + { + +
m f . {7 + + { +
m f . 7 7 + + + M
xm q 7 N 4. q 7 '

&Q N QT| ^@ M Mj Q êQij`Qx jfM \iz QT| ^[ M q q }
SQ QT S `Q7SvMd Q \Q7M d Q dfZQTQ` ^ QT` ^ M Sv^N ^ Z MQ7dfM_S[MjQidfZ fj Q f
M_S TjQTZ = M Z $M_S \QTQ â`pdl^ MPORQ jf^T^Tjf\ â`Q Q ? d QT ` \ Q ^ âèdf^ g
Q ? ^Tj aM_SF}LNMxQ

dfM_SxMjQidlZ jQ@` ^xâèdf^ M M M_ M MTo

y \ M Q dQbQ M Qij Q\iz QT| ^x M ` ^[âèdf^ `Q@ jfMN\Tz QT| ^ q 4 }
$S NZ MH jfM \iz QT| ^vQ@dfQbQ M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^ M Mjf^
| ^ { 6 âa^ xMio
^TdfM NZ M f { + + 6 M_èdQT
âa^ {

f { + + Mn^[TjfQT M_èdfM
f { +
+ f '
} $ h^\_z ^[ M [mo
6
-2
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2

y q 4 `QT| ^ M Z ` d Qi j ^ 6 âa^ q 6 M_`pd_QT| ^

{ }

LNMPORQ dQ NZ M + + 6
M 6 a^ a^^Th dlM_Sv^ ^
M_aZ `pdlM dfM_SQ o

*
+
+

\_âS ^ Z{\Tz QT| ^ M } jfM \Tz QT| ^ ^ \ dQTQ M q M q }

| ^Q Z Mjfw \ M M Z SQvSvâèdQT`Q M m f q + q { + tâ` M Q
a M ZQ\Tz QT
d QT ` \ Q n QT| ^FSvM_ Q M_S(SvMdljl^ } LNZ â`Q NZ M[^ âèdf^ ^FM ^ ^ d ^F ^ M dQT| ^
Q M dlM;M ^ â`pdl^ ^M ^ ^ d ^ ^ QT^` ^TjldfM M Z M Z S Q ` dQ M d Q ` ^ âèdf^
q }
y ZQ Mn Qx jfM \Tz QT| ^xQ@=QijldfM NZ MdfM_S Q ` \ `Q\Tz QT| ^[SQ QT\_M_èdfZQTQ
LNMH^xQ ` dfQ MHSv^ Mj`Q@ jfM \iz QT| ^ M dfM> M MM dQij Q Z h ` ^[âZ M \_M_` ^[M ZQ Mj Q ZQ
M ^N\ QT M
y LNM7^xQ ` dQ M7S[^ Mj`Q jfM \Tz QT| ^ Z ^NM dlM> M M7M dQij Q Z h ` ^xâZg M \_M_` ^@M NZQ Mj Q
ZQ M ^N\ QT M
$S NZ MH jfM \iz QT| ^[M MnM dfQij Q@ Mjf\_^TjljlM_` ^vZ SV\QTS ` ^ QT` ^
L QihMSv^ Z M
m Qid ` aM^[S Qb S[^ Q ^Tj M
[[mm ff M
m [m f }
y [m f 2 q q M [m q a q } jfM \iz QT| ^+Q =QijldlM NZ M dfM_S Q

` \ `Q\iz QT| ^[SQ QT\M_`pdlZQTQ M q 4 } $ h^\_z ^[ M [m2MnQ \_Z j Q M` M M mo

-2
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
S Mdf^TjHZ ` d Qi j ^ ` ^ QT` ^ [M M \kjfM M

2

% l â` M
M ^ Mkdf^TjM^[M ^x ^ }

Mx ^ QT ` aZ ^Fwy^TjlSQT ^
Mkdf^TjZ ` d Qi j ^[`Qx jfM \Tz QT| ^ M dfM M

2

% R . :6 MPORQ@^[ M M_` ^ o
N

m q
a{ m q a '
&Q ` dQ M dfQij Q Z h ` ^gQxZ SQjQTQT| ^x M %{}

y Mdf^Tj`QH jlM \Tz QT| ^ Z ^ M dfM M q q 47 6 âa^ p^ Mdf^Tj/Z ` d Qi j ^n` M dQn jlM \Tz QT| ^ M QT ^n^Tj_o

q
q

: 6 MPORQ[^x M M_` ^ o

m q a [m q a
q '
&Q ` dQ M dfQij Qx M \_M_` ^ QxZ SQjQTQT| ^x M %{}

LNMPORQ
2

% l/ Mdl^TjZ ` d Qi j ^ } M M_Sv^ MdlMjfS `Qij dQ NZ MTo

m q a{ [m q a

NZ M M M NZ Q M`pdfMQ 2

q
% 6p âa^ 4 { } d QT` ^HQ MaZ èdfM M_`pd QT M
dlj aâ` âS M dlj \Q o
4 + ^Th dfM_Sv^
% M 2
q
% + / }
% +

4 +

&Q ` dQ M dfQij Q@ Mjf\_^TjljlM_` ^Z S \_QTS ` ^ QT` ^x`Q[ jfMN\Tz QT| ^[ M âZ M q q }
02143
8>x< A ? 5BC!.G IKJ" > :!B
NL MPORQTS U
W X + Z S \_â`bOcZ `pdl^2QihMjRdf^$m oU qts X + M 2 X QT ^ } M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ m f 2
M` M [S \ dQTSvM_èdfM \_âSv^FwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ M ZQT` ^2Mk dfM 4 o qts X dQ NZ M 4 }
\ Q Z MTo
df^ a`
m 2_ f / U /m f 32
M ^vTj Qi \_^x M 4 }
0/1 =H/
y $SaMjfQ Z SQ M ZQ\Tz QT| ^ ^ d ^@m f {3
2 NZQT` ^ M` M M_S wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^x M ^@w QQiM_`Q
^ \Q S[M_`pdlM âZ MPORQx` Z SQ ` QT`{\z Qx MHZ S]âèdf^ }

= âS[^ MjfM_Sv^ ` ^ Mk M_S[ ^ ` M_S MS[ jfM Z SQ M NZQ\iz QT| ^ ^d ^m f 2 M` M
Q aZ SvQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfMT} QijQ dl^ h=Q dQx\â` MjfQij 2 m }

!#"
4 LNMPORQm f . + + 6 MTo
y2 q tm2`QT| ^v M` M S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfM7` M pZ SQ[wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ }
2
M_èdQT| ^ M Mm `QT| ^ M` M S[ \ dQTS[M_`pdlM` M_`pZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^@ M`
Q`pZ S
èdfMj Q ^[`QT| ^[ MaM_` MjQT ^ }

y< 22 m `QT| ^9 M` M S[ \ dfQTSvM_èdfMg` M Z SvQKwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ }LNM q 4 ^N M_S[^
M` jo

4

q
+
U f X
+

M
4 + q q + M U + f X
LNMPORQm f . M 27 X 6 M `pdQT| ^tm M` M S[ \ dQTS[M_`pdlMTo
+

'
4 { 2 M '
Qij\_â` \iz â| M Z \ M_èdfM =QijfQ NZ M MPORQH^ l M ^Th dfMj/Z SQHwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^n M` Q
^ l ^H^Th OcMd ^ M
Sx \ dQTSvM`pdfMi} $ \_Mdf^H=QijQ Q M NZQ\Tz â| M SQ Sx M e^TjMk MS[ ^ ` MQijfM NZQT j Qi d \Q
M dfQNZ M dQT| ^[`QT| ^ M S[ M }
M dfZ ^7Q wyZ `{\iz â| M M` Q S[ \ dfQTSvM_èdfM{dfM_S S Z dQ Qi \Q\iz â| M `QT| ^ ^7 `Q;QidlM_S Qi d \Q
\_âSv^@M_SVâZ dljQ = M_ ` \ Q }
!#"
4 M M HQ âZ l QT\ =QijfQgeQ M MQ \_â` `QT ^ o â` M M Qv jfM l QT| ^
^ ^ Z SvMM Q dfM_S[MjQidfZ jQ }
dlM_SQ o
+
++ +
* ,

@
M dfQihM M_\_M Z SQ[jfM Q\Tz QT| ^gM_èdljfM@Q \_^N^Tjl M_`QTQ MZ SCâèdf^gQ M wyMjQgZ ` d Qi j Qv\_M_èdljQTQg`Q
^Tj aM_SF}
0/1 =H ^xM dfZ ^vQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M Mk` Q S[ \ dQTS[M_`pdlM Z jfaM_SV ^ jf^Th MSQ o
y QTQ m f .3
2 m M\ Q l M 4 NM_S NZ M\_Q ^ Mk dfM 4 M` Q Sx \ dQTSvM`pdfM
^Tjm f . 2
LNMMk dfM 4 wyMjlM_` \ Q M M` Q S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfM ^Tj;m f K 2 n\âSv^\Q \Z Qij Q
Mj QTQx M 4

t 4
LNMPORQTS(U WX + Z S(\_â`bOcZ èdf^ QihMkjldf^{m+oUVq=s X
M \ Q l M M 2 X ^ } LNM f U MH dQ NZ M m f / 2 M m f
=M_`pd_QT| ^
Mk dfMZ S jfMkd QT ` aZ ^QihMkjldf^ + \_M_èdljQT ^HM_S f dQ Z Mm 2_ + M ^Tj Qi \_^
QxwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ 4 o qs + Mn\ Q l M Mio
4
8 q
4
l '
l
g(x)
I2
f=c
I1
=H/
y dfM^TjfM_SQKQ9wyZ `{\iz QT| ^ S[ \ dfQ MF Z S dfM_^TjfM_SvQK MFMk dM ` \ Q 6 df^ M> `QT| ^ ` \Q9\âSv^
MdfMkjfS `QijQxwyZ `{\iz QT| ^v M` Q S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfMT}
dfM_^TjfM_SvQ;dfM_S \_â` M Z M_ ` \ Q aM_âS M dlj \Q jfâwyZ ` Q }rLNM m Qid w Q Q ? ^T dfM M ^
dfM_^TjlM_S
Q eM_èdQT| ^m 2 M ^ \Q SvM`pdfMZ SQ\_Z j Q M\ Q R M } M ORQ `Qh h âTjQi=Q } ^
M l M_` \ Q SvM_èdf>M =Z d QijlM_Sv^ Qxw ^T jfS Z Q =QijQ@^[\ Q \_Z ^xQ Mj QTQ }
!#"
4 LNM m MH M` Q S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfM^Tj T , + q
\Q \_Z M 8 }
LNMPORQ m f T , + q q 6 m M M \ Q l M M m f q q v=QijQ
df^ ^ f X + 6 M_èdQT| ^ o
. '
8 TT

LNM m MH M` Q S[ \ dQTSvM_èdfM^Tj + +
=\_Q \_Z M 8 }
LNMPORQm f { , + + m M Mn\ Q l M M m f q { @=QijQ@df^ ^ f X +
dQ Z M 6 M_`pd_QT| ^ o
0/1

8 q '
LNMPORQxm f { q Y 9 b } QT| ^^ M_Sv^ Qi jfSvQijNZ Mnm f .
dQTSvM`pdfMZ SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^v M ` Z S]jfMd QT ` aZ ^QihMkjldf^[\M_`pdRjQT ^vM_S 4 }
Mnw Qidf^=m 4{
m MH MH\ Q R M SQ o
m 4{ q Y b

Z j Q Mn` M M m ` Z S]jfMd QT ` aZ ^[\_M`pdljfQT ^vM_S 4 o
M` M S[ \
'
1.5
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
QijQ#% ^FdfM_^TjfM_SvQ QFwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ Sx \ dQgdQTSh M_ S M Q ^ } M_aZ j Qi jfM l M_`pdfQTSv^ Q
Mj QT| ^x=QijQ % o
t 4
LNMPORQTS(U WX Y Z S(\_â`bOcZ èdf^ QihMkjldf^{m+oUVq=s X
M \ Q l M M 2 Xu ^ } LNM f U MH dfQ Z Mm f / 2 M m f

$M`pdQT| ^ Mk dlM@Z S =QijQ M Mk M ^FQihMkjldf^ + Y \_M`pdljfQT ^ M_S f dQ Z M
m 2_ + Y M ^7Tj Qi \_^QwyZ `{\iz QT| ^ 4 o + qts Y M\ Q R M dQ NZ M 4 f
MTo
m f f l
4
4 q m
ft 4 f R
m f f l
4
4 q
m ft f R '
4

^ QTSvM`pdfM ^ dfM_^TjfM_SvQ S[ \QNZ M df^NQ Z Mjfw \ M[ Mx\ Q R M

Q aZ SvQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^[ Mn\ Q l M } MPORQ `Qxh h âTjQi=Q }
02143

9:5H85 5 , A 8
;8 A B ;
% 5
x5HJ
(%
M ^ \Q S[M_`pdlM^ Tj Qi \_^ M

" '
L QihMSv^ Z M [m QiâèdQK`QK jfM \Tz QT| ^;=QijQ9Q ZQ m\jfM \_M2^KSQ jQi QTSvM_èdfM>SQ `Q
\_Z j Q M` M QFwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^;mMjfSQT` M_\M\_â` dQTèdfM> df^ M> {QT^ QT` QijlSv^ ^Tj Z SQ \_Z j QF M
` M {^ Q ^TjfM M m QT| ^2\_â` dfQT`pdfM 6 âa^{QF Mj QTQ2 jlM_\ â`Q ` M l Q2 jfM \Tz QT| ^ Mj Q Mjf^
MS Qij Q\iz QT| ^ o
$S]aMjfQ \_â`

m [m
'
X wyMkjfM_` \ Q M }
MjfMnZ SvQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ m2oaU W+X qs u
9 b
LNMPORQ U dfQ NZ M [m } $/`pd_QT| ^ [m M MjlM` \_Z QijQT^
\_â`bOcZ èdf^ M` M Mm NZ M=Q l QxM ^@âèdf^& }
QijQxQ@ jf^
Q MPORQx^vQi M_ ` \_MT} /MPORQ@^ Mk M_S[ ^ M } }
Sc 3
Sc
Sc
0214370
9:5H85 5 ,
(%
'
5
[5HJ
" '
LNMPORQvQ@wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^gm oaUW+X + tq s Xu wyMjfM` \ Q M M Q \_Z j Q MH` M 2 Mmo

f / X + am f .32 '

LNM f dQ NZ M xm f } {M Qx jf^T^ \Tz QT| ^QTèdfMj ^Tj M_aZ M N Z MnQ[M ZQ\Tz QT| ^vQ
jfMdfQ@dQT` aM_èdfM Qx? \_Z j Q[ M` M m f {32 ` ^[â`pdl^ f M
âZo
xm f q f q
m f q m f q /
MHQ[MNZQ\iz QT| ^[Q@jlMdQx` ^TjlSQ MT o
!#"
4 MdlMjfS ` MQ M
m
m
f q q f q /
'
ZQ\Tz â| M Q jfMdfQ dQT` aM_èdfMMvQ jfMkdQF` ^TjfSQ ` ^Fâèdf^ f QFM M

\_M_èdljQTQx`Qx^Tj aM_SF}
M NZQ\Tz QT| ^xQxM MH\_M_èdljQTQ[`Q[^Tj aM_S M , ++ ++ } = â` MjlM_Sv^ o
m f { , ++ ++ q 6
M_èdQT| ^ [m f + + 6 Q M ZQ\Tz â| M Q jfMdQ dQT` aM`pdfM M ` ^TjfSQ QT| ^jfM M_\kd Q
SvM_èdfMTo
* + @ +
+ +4
+ q +
+ q + '
$S =Qijld \_Z Qij M dfMSv^ Z S"\ jf\_Z ^ MxjfQ ^ MxQ M ZQ\Tz â| M Q jfMdfQ dQT` aM_èdfMxM[Q
jfMdfQx` ^TjfSQ QT| ^ jlM M\d QTSvM_èdf>M
* @
+
q '
+ + NZ M MF =QijQ M Q QK
x MdfMkjfS ` M Q9M NZQ\Tz QT| ^QKjfMdfQ dfQT` aM_`pdlM Q
? M M
? jlMdQ

@ }
LNMPORQm f . + + M 4 f . } {M ^HM Mjf\ \ ^ QTèdfMj ^Tj=QijfQ M adfM_Sv^ o

6
M dfQxjfMdQx M M Mj=QijQ M Q Qx? jlMdQ x 6t âa^^ Mdf^TjlM ` ^TjfSvQ M M_S Mj=QijQ M ^
df^ M> M MSv^ jlM ^ Mkj^ dlM_SQ o

7Z-tM Z Q M_èdfM_S[M_`pdlMTo
[m f 4 f
,+ + '

4

{

,+ + '

Q _M_` ^ 4 HM Z d QT` ^ dfM_S[^ o f

y ` ^xâ`pdl^ dfMSv^ @

` ^[âèdf^ q

dfM_Sv^

>6= âa^ o
@ q }
-4
-2
-2
-4
. MdfMjfS ` M QM NZQ\Tz QT| ^QjlMdQ` ^TjfSQ Q7? =Qij Qi h^ Q + q { NZ M=Q l Q7M ^âèdf^ q }
/j SvM jQTSvM_èdfM>N^Th Mj QTSv^ NZ M^xâèdf^ q `QT
| ^xMjldfM` \_MQ@? =Qij Qi h^ Q }
LNMPORQ m f
+ { 6 âa^ xm f f } M ZQ\Tz QT| ^KQ jfMdQ ` ^TjfSQ ` ^ âèdf^
f M q 7 q } = âSv^ M dQ jlMdQg M Mx=Q l QijH^Tj q dfM_S[^
q âZ } = âS[^x^@âèdf^ f MkjldfM_` \_M Q@? =Qij Qi h^ Q + q { o

y LNM
M_èdQT| ^vQ@MNZQ\iz QT| ^ MT o }
LNM q iM_èdQT| ^ M/Q M ZQ\Tz â| M $ QT| ^ o q .
` ^ â`pdl^ q 7 M q q jfM M_\d QTSvM_èdfMT}
_

M . q

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-2
-4
02143702143 %'8
;J
A 5H8$5 ,
B 2
5 B{5 !.8{5 /B{5 > !@G
'
LNMPORQTS Q \Z j Q Mn` M o

f X
f X

f .
f {

M `pdlMj M_\kdQTS-` ^@â`pdl^ f } QT ` aZ ^ \_âSx jfM_M_` ^xM_èdljfMM Q M7 M ` f ^x\_âSv^^

SvM_` ^Tj QT ` aZ ^xwy^TjfSQT ^@M Q jfMdfQ dQT` aM_èdfM QxM R Q ZQ \Z j Q ` ^xâèdf^ ^ NZQ
M@ MNZ Q M_`pdlMxQT^ QT ` aZ ^ wy^TjfSQT ^M Q jlM M\d Q ` ^TjfSQ ` ^ âèdf^ f } âa^ M
f M f
NdfM_Sv^ NZ M^ QT ` aZ ^ wy^TjfSQT ^ ^Tj M + M QT ^^Tj_o
NZ M
f
f
f f

2

âZ PM ORQ o
f f
'

â` M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q QT| ^[\Q \_Z QTQ ` ^xâ`pfd ^ f }
!#"
4 MkdfMjfS ` MH^ QT ` aZ ^xM_`pdRjfM Q \_Z j Q 7 q M + q ` ^xâ`pdl^ q 7 }
M 4 f . + 6 M_èdQT| ^ [m f { l M 4 f 7 }
LNMPORQTSCm f . 7/
^
âa
7
7
[ xm m q q 7 [[ m m q q 7
2
} M M` ^ Qx? M NZ MjfQ

kM dfMjfS ` MH^ QT ` aZ ^xM_`pdRjfM Q \_Z j Q +
+ M { + q + ` ^xâ`pdf^ q N7 }
LNMPORQTSCm f . ,+
+ M 4 f . ,+ q + 6 M_èdQT| ^ [m f . f M 4 f
q } âa^
2
2
2

N7
N7
x xm m q q N7 4 4 q q N7
} M M` ^ Qx? jfM dfQ }

3
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
=H
` M Mjf^v M
0/1
-3
uTj Qi \_^ M7Z SQ wyZ `{\iz QT| ^ m ^N M Mkj\_â` MkjQT ^ \_âSv^Q \_Z j Q M
f { q m 76 M_`pd_^ | o

02143
f q m 8 4:6 âa^
q m 8 q '
9:5H85 5 )
2I5 " > :5B ;
% 5
(%
x5HJ
" '
M dlMn\Q ^^x\_â`bOcZ `pdl^v Mn` M 2 M m QT| ^[Q Z Mjfw \ M Mn` M 2 M m} 2 X o

f X Y am f 32
Q[ jf^T^ \Tz QT| ^g M } M_aZ M<NZ M QgM NZQ\Tz QT| ^ ^ c/ / . Q ? Z Mjfw \ M M` M
Mm ` ^@âèdf^ f MT o
xm f q f q q
M [ m f =âZ-M Z Q M_èdfM_S[M_`pdlMTo
m f q m f q m f q '
âa^QjfMdQ+` ^TjfSvQ QT^+ QT` ^dfQT` aM_`pdlM M M9dfMj Q+ jfM \Tz QT| ^ ^TjQT M_èdfM MQ M ZQ\Tz â| M
=QijQTS Mk dlj \_Q M dQxjfMkdQx` ^@âèdf^ f QT| ^ o

m f

{ m f

m f X '
0/1 =H = âSv^ [m f M ` ^TjfSQ QT^ QT` ^ dQT` aM`pdfM/

Q $` ^â`pdf^ f
^ Mkdf^Tj` ^TjlSQ Z ` d Qi j ^xQ M_S NZQ NZ Mj âèdf^ ft Mi o
xm f '
ft {
xm f

MkdfMjfS ` MH^ M df^Tj` ^TjfSQ Z ` d Qi j ^ Q ? Z Mjfw \ M
% 7 { ` ^[âèdf^ }
LNMPORQm ft .
% 7 q } Z Mjlw \ Mn ^vMk M_S[ ^ MH Q Z Mjfw \ Mn MH` M _Mkjf^v Mnm 6
f X Y am f '
^ [m ft { 2
7 l 2
7 q k M xm { q 4 M7 ^ Mkdf^Tj` ^TjfSQ
âa
Z ` d Qi j ^ Q ? Z Mjfw \ M }
!#"
4
2
1.5
2
1
1.5
0.5
1
0.5 0
MkdfMjfS ` MH^ Mdf^Tj` ^TjfSQ Z ` d Qi j ^ Q ? Z Mjfw \ M ,+

+ ` ^xâ`pdl^ 4 }
LNMPORQm ft . - ++ q } Z Mjfw \ Mn ^x jf^Th _M SQ MH Q Z Mjfw \ Mn Mn` M q M m
f X Y am f . '
âa^ x m f . .7
+47.-+ q 4 Mxm 4. q 4:6 M_èdQT| ^
q 4 '
4.

3
2
1
-1
0
-1
-0.5
-0.5
0
0
0.5
0.5
1 1

=H/
y $ dQF M` \Tz QT| ^ Mg QT` ^2dQT` aM_èdfM M SQ aMkjQ NZ MgQ2QTQ QT`pdlMj ^TjlSvM_èdfMT} Mgw Qidf^ M
4 f M Z SQ wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^7`Q \_â` \Tz â| M Q jl^T^ \Tz QT| ^TM_èdQT| ^^7Tj Qi \^ M 4 ^ M M j. M` ^
\_âSv^xQ Z Mjfw \ Mn Mn` M Mjf^[ M m f . 4 f q } ^TdfM NZ MTo
0/1
[m
4 4 q

M MkQidfQTSvM_èdfM>a^ Mdf^Tj` ^TjfSQ QT^ QT` ^dQT` aM`pdfMQT^Tj Qi \_^ MmvM_S f 4 f l } T^ dfM
NZ M^ Mkdf^TjfM dQT` aM_èdfM QT^[Tj Qi \_^x Mm M_S ft 4 f l QT| ^ o
NZ M

'
M_Sh jQTS[^ NZ Mdf^NQ Q Z Mjfw \ M M` Q ^TjMNZQ\Tz â| M M_S]dljM Qij Q M \_âSv^xQ
NZ QT j \Q ^N M_S Mj \_â` MkjQTQ \âSv^ Z Mjlw \ M MQ aZ S-` M MZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^x MdljlM
Qij Q M }
!#"
4 LNMPORQ+mZ SQwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^+ M \ Q R M dfQ NZ MKm 7 M [m 7 N }
M ZQ\Tz QT| ^@m 7 .
M` M S[ \ dQTS[M_`pdlMZ SQHwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ 4 ^\_Q ^@Qi jfSQid ^p MkdfMjfS ` M
QxM NZQ\Tz QT| ^x ^[ QT` ^@dQT` aM_èdfM QT^@Tj Qi \_^v M 4 ` ^xâ`pdl^ 7 }
m
m
m
= âSv^ xm 7 N :6 M_èdQT| ^ 7 { 7 . M 7 . } {M ^
dfM_^TjlM_SQ Q[wyZ `{\Tz QT| ^ S[ \ d
Q NMk dfM 4 f MH\ Q l M ` ^@âèdf^ 4 4 4{ MTo

m 7 l
4 4{ m
q
7 l
m 7
4 4{ q m
q
7
'
âa^tQ@MNZQ\iz QT| ^[ ^x QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfMnQT^[Tj Qi \^[ M 4 ` ^[âèdf^ 7 MT o

4 4 4 4 q 4 4 4 q 4
q . q

M Z Q M_èdfM_SvM`pdfM { }

u\_â` M -+t + q + H^ M Mj\_â` MjQT ^\_âSv^nQ Z Mjfw \ M M` M 2 nQnwyZ `{\Tz QT| ^
m f . ,+
+ q + } MdlMjfS `QijfM_Sv^ Q MNZQ\iz â| M ^ QT` ^dQT` aM_èdfMM7QnjlMdQ ` ^TjfSQ
Q ? Z Mjfw \ Mn` ^xâèdf^ o
[m q f q q

'
_M S[^ xm ft .7t q M xm v q 76 M`pdQT| ^Q;M Z Q\Tz QT| ^9 ^

QT` ^gdQT` aM_èdfM M q i gxM QjfMdfQ ` ^TjfSvQ =Q l QT` ^ ^Tj dfM_S M ZQ\Tz â| M
=QijQTS Mk dlj \_Q o

{
{
q

. 6
^x QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfM Q ? Z Mjfw \ M \â`pdfMSCQ jfMdQ@`Qx jlM \Tz QT| ^ MkjlM_` \_Z Qij7QT^
[ m }

2
1
0
-1
-2
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-2
-1
0
1
2
MkdfMjfS ` MnQ@MNZQ\iz QT| ^[ ^x QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfM Q ? Z Mjfw \ M {7+ + ` ^xâèdf^ 4 }

= â` MjlMm f { {77++ } âa^ Z Mjfw \ MH Mn` M 2 Mm M {7+ }
| ^ ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfMQ ? Z Mkjfw \ M9 MK` M M m M; QTQ^Tj
^â`pdl^ 4 Q MNZQ\Tz QT
[m 4 q f q q 4 6 [m f t 7 M [m 4 7 :6
M_èdQT| ^ =QxM ZQ\Tz QT| ^ MT o

{@//
'
MkdfMjfS ` MTo
Mdf^Tj` ^TjfSQ Z ` d Qi j ^[Q - ++ q + @` ^ âèdf^ M }
h M ZQ\Tz QT| ^[ ^[ QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfM Q ? Z Mjfw \ M , +/ + q + @` ^xâ`pdf^ }

Q LNMPORQm f . ,+
+ q + 6 x m ft . 7 { q }$èdQT| ^ o

xx mm
xxmm
h x^ âèdf^ dfMjfM_S[^ @

'

}

a MkdfMjfS ` MnQ M ZQ\Tz â| M ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfM Q ? Z Mjfw \ M

+ + +

=QijQ M ^ QT^x QT` ^ @+ }
= âSv^x^@ QT` ^ M =QijQ M ^vQT^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfM Q ? Z Mjlw \ M>tM`pdQT| ^[^ Mdf^TjlM
` ^TjfSQ QQTSh^ ^ QT` ^ M M_S Mkj=QijQ M ^ 6N âa^ NMk dlM ndQ Z M [m f /
4 4=QijfQ7Q aZ S f `Q Z Mkjfw \ M 6 [m f b } M MSv^
jfM ^ Mj^ dfM_SvQ o

.

M _` ^ + + +
6 âa^ g
[m

6

^Th dfMSv^ Q l S ^ â`pdl^

7 N

M`pdQT| ^=Q MNZQ\iz â| M ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfM ` M dfM â`pdl^ QT| ^ o
+

'
e MkdfMjfS ` MnQ@MNZQ\iz QT| ^[ ^x QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfMH` ^[âèdf^ f Q ? Z Mjfw \ M M` Qx^Tj_o

U +
â` MnU
X }
+

+

LNMPORQgm f U ,+/ +/ + q 6 âa^ xm f U 7 7 MQ

M ZQ\Tz QT| ^[ ^[ QT` ^xdQT` aM`pdfMH` ^xâ`pdf^ f MT o
U @
â` MnZ QTSv^ ^xw Qidf^[ M NZ M f MjldlM_` \_M Q ? Z Mkjfw \ MT}
$S-=Qijld \_Z Qij ^x QT` ^@dQT` aM_èdfMn` ^@âèdf^ f MTo
y S]M ^ M\_M_èdljQT ^[`Q[^Tj aMS Mi o
'
2+
S =QijfQih^ ^ M MjRh ^ \^[\_M_èdljQT ^`Q@^Tj aMS iM o

]
q q
+
2
+
02143 143 %'8
;J
A 5H8$5 )
2I 5
"
'
> :5B
$S
Mj Q Qi jfMQ Q;\ M_ ` \ Q M S[^TjldfQT`pdfM QihMjx MdfMjfS `Qijx^ QT ` aZ ^ wy^TjfSQT ^ M Q `
dfMj M \Tz QT| ^v MH ZQ Z Mjfw \ M `pZ S â`pdl^vQT ^ }5 QT ` aZ ^[M_`pdRjfMn ZQ Z Mjfw \ M ` Z SVâèdf^
\_âS Z S MH ^xSvM_` ^Tj QT ` aZ ^xwy^TjfSQT ^xM Q ` ^TjfSQ QxM l Q Z Mjfw \ M ` M l Mnâ`pdf^ }
LNZ â`QNZ M Q Z Mjfw \ M QT| ^[ M` Q ^Tjo

f {
f {

MdfM_SVZ S]â`pdl^v\_âS Z S f } = â` MjfMSv^ Q wyZ `{\Tz â| M o

)
)
dQ NZ MMk dfQTS^ TjQT M_`pdlM

Mkjfw \ M M7` M ,2 M)
M f QT| ^x^ Mdl^TjfM

f
f
M MPORQTS'`QT| ^2`pZ ^ ` M dfMâ`pdf^ } Z Mjlw \ M x QT| ^ Q Z

f M ) f ajfM M_\d QTSvM_èdfMT} f
` ^TjfSQ Q ? Z Mjlw \ M M` M o
ft X Y
ft X Y

f
f {

jfM M_\d QTSvM_èdfMT} NL M f

M f
wy^TjfSQT ^ ^Tj M + nM QT ^@^Tjo
f
f

Z Mjlw \ M QT| ^x^Tjldfâaâ`Q ` ^xâ`pdl^ f MTo
2

â` M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q QT| ^[\Q \_Z QTQ ` ^xâ`pdf^

!#"
4 MdfMkjfS ` Mn^ QT ` aZ ^wy^TjfSQT ^vM Q Z Mjlw \ M
` ^xâ`pdl^ }
LNMPORQTS f { q M f { q %
f {
f {
.
{

dfM_Sv^
f
f
Z M;^ QT ` aZ ^
'

f }

n v M q
+ : 6
+
q q 4
4
+ q + + q
+
q 4
q 4:6
+
+

âa^ { 6 M_`pd_QT| ^
2
k

MdlMjfS ` Mn^ QT ` aZ ^wy^TjfSQT ^xM Q Z Mjlw \ M 7 q { [ M + q @+

` ^xâ`pdl^ 7N 4 }
LNMPORQTS f { q { M ft { /+ q @

f {
f {
7 N 4.
7 N 4{
âa^ 7N 4

7N 4{
6
M_èdQT| ^
q l@ f q
q
q N7N q
q e:6
2
x MTo
'

Q \Z M Q Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q Q M_aZ `pdlM wyZ `{\Tz â| M o

} 4 + q 7 +
} Y Y
} 2 4 ,+{
} a
2 ,+
7
q
} @
} @
} 4
} 4 2
2
Y
7+
7 }
2 4 }
+Y
}
} )
} e )
}
} )
}
a

)
)
% - + Y

} > )
}

e

+ Y q {

}
} e
% ; 7 }
}

}
+
+}
32
7
}
@+

} a ) + + + + }
2
2 7 } ) 4
% ; }
32
7+{ } 4 ) 7 }
7 + +{ Y
} )
% % 7/+ l }

% + 7 Y
} ) 2
% 7/+ l }
}
LNM ORQ ) ) ) }/Mj NZ M M Q M_aZ `pdfM wyZ `{\Tz â| M Qid w Q_M_S Qx? M Z Q\Tz QT| ^ o
} 4 ) T 2
q q }
} )

% 4 }
} )
% }
eQT` ^ MM_S =QijfQ M ^ %2jfM dM ` \ Q + ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
Q jfM dM_ ` \ Qdf^TdQ 7M QTQ ^Tj

} /Mj NZ M NZ MTo

MTo
'
MdlMjfS ` M[QgMNZQ\iz QT| ^ ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM`pdfMxQT^ T j Qi \_^ Q yw Z `{\Tz QT| ^ m f ` ^ âèdf^

} 4
}
}
}

,+ m 4R }
, + q + }
, +
+ N m N 4l }
+ Y q 7N m q 7 l }/}
} a + + q m q l }

} e

% 7 }
} , +/ + q N a }
} q 7 N7N m N7 l }
} N7 N m N7 l }
} { Y q 7 q m q 4l }
} 4 7 m 4l }

m l }
} 2

%
MdlMjfS ` M ^ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfM QT^;Tj Qi \_^ M 7 Z M =Q R Q M ^ âèdf^ 7 M
q 4 }
MdlMjfS ` M;^ QT` ^dfQT` aM_`pdlMKQT^Tj Qi \_^ M ,++ NZ M MPORQ=QijfQ M ^QT^ QT` ^
q { q }
/Mj NZ M NZ M^@ QT` ^ dQT` aM_èdfMnQT^@Tj Qi \_^@ M -+ q + `Qx^Tj aM_S `pdfMkj M_\dfQx^@Tj Qi \_^
M_aZ ` ^[ ZQ jfMdfQ }
MdlMjfS ` MnQ ` M_Qij Q\iz QT
| ^[Q M_aZ èdfM wyZ `{\Tz â| M QT^xjfM_ ^Tj ^ â`pdl^ QT ^ o
} 4 m f {

% 7 4 }
} 4 m f { + + + + }
} m f { 4 }
} m f { 7 N 4 }

} m f { Y 2
n 4 }
= Q \Z M>=Qi jf^ SQTQTSvM_èdfMTo
} 4 ' + ' > + ' + }
} ' ' ' }
}
' 9' > RY 2
l ' }
} 9' ' }
} a
' ' q ' Y
} e ' > 9' Y 2
' }
= Q \Z MHQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M M_aZ ` QxMdfMkjf\_M jQ[^Tjf M_S] MTo
} 4 Y q .- +
+ 7 q {
} 2
7 q
} 3
2
Y 7
} 2 4 - + q
} a
} e ) , + Y
}

} ) 3
2
@+
} ) Y +
Y q Y
} ) +
} ) }
Y
} 4 ) â
+ 7
} ) }

% 7 }
.7 }
7+ }
/Mj N Z M N Z MnQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M QTQ Qid w Q_MS Q@? MNZQ\Tz QT| ^x M iQ QT\_MF + m + + m + }
} 4 m f 2
}
} m f
% + + }
} m f 2 4 }
/Mj NZ M NZ MnQ wyZ `{\Tz â
| M QTQ Qid w Q _MS Q@? M NZQ\Tz QT| ^x M Qi QT\_MM_SV SvM` QT| ^
+ m + + m + + m + }

m f , ++ q + }
} m f Y
2
}

} 4

)
QT` ^Q@jfMTjQxQ@\QT M Q@=QijQ m f M*) m f \Q \_Z M M o

+
% 32

} 4 , +
} 2 4 %
} 4 . +b
%

}

} a ,+

{ = +
q .+i
} e % % t
} ) 7 + Y t
} ) +
% k .
} ) -+
+/ + 2

%
} ) q 7 32
=
%
} 4 ) + @ + ++ + 32

%
32
; =
% ; t
} ) ,+ q + % x

} 4
}
}
2
QT` ^FQ jfM_TjfQ Q \QT M Q =QijQ m f M) m f \Q \_Z Mio

) }
, + q + { q

2

%
, ++ 32
;
42

% ;
b
%

M )

} ,+k +
+ q k

} a 2
; .+

} e + +

} 2
% {
+b
%

} ) 2 4
%

+ +
% 2

4
%
%
4
+
} ) + + + + 4 32
=
%
4
} 4 ) 7+{

} ) â + +
+ = +

2
NL M^HjQ ^ MQnQ dlZ jQ<;@ MZ S dQT` Z M\ â ` \_^ M\jfM \M_S Q? jQTQT| ^n M ' 2 ;@M ' 2
jfM M_\d QTSvM_èdfM> MdfMjlS ` MnQ@jQTQT| ^x MH M\jfM \ SvM_èdf^v ^ ^ Z SvM ^xdfQT`NZ M* ZQT` ^
2 M ; 2 }

Z SC\_Mkjldf^ ` dfQT`pdfM QQ dfZ jQv MZ SC\_â` M M 2 M^jQ ^Q[h=Q M M 2 M\jlM \_M Q ?
jQ TQT| ^g M (2
4 } ZQ M@ Q M ^ \ QT M \_âS NZ M@QgQ dfZ jQgQTZ SvM`pdQ` ^ ` dQT`pdlM@MS NZ M^
^ Z S[M\kjfM \_M Q@? jQTQT| ^x M 2 Y
4

a^ ` MjfMHQ M MZ S- Q MQ \_â` `QT ^ =QijQ } MdfMkjfS ` MQ dQb Q M Qij Q\Tz QT| ^
QdfM_S[MjQidfZ jQ ` ^ ` dQT`pdlMMS NZ M^ ^ Z SvM7 ^ Q M M 2 Y M^@ Q M d Q ^Th jlM l QT| ^
M % 2 + QihM_` ^ Z M[^ ^ Z SvM \jfM \M Q ? jQTQT| ^ M 2 Y
4 M[Q jfM l QT| ^F M_\jfM \_M Q ?
jQTQT| ^x M ' % 2 + }
LNM m f M
wyMjlM_` \ Q M 2
M
% Mj NZ Mio

2

q

2
'

LNM ORQTS m f M 4 f wyZ `{\Tz â| M wyMjfM_` \ Q M d Q Z MTo

LNM 2

%

/Mj N Z M NZ M M*)
=
m 4 M
m 4
q '
/ Mj Z M* Z MTo
m 4
4
q m '
m f HM wyMjfM` \ Q M M âSvâ M_ ` MQ@ MnTjQTZ% =M`pdQT| ^ o
m
m m %$m f '
Q \Z M^[TjQT M_`pdlMnQ M_aZ èdfM wyZ `{\Tz â| M o

} 4 { + +
}
+ + }
} ) {- + + q +
} ) 3
2
7
% }
} a )
} e ) 3
% - +
+ +
2
. 2

% ; }
} ) 7
} ) 7 }
+ + + }
7+ Y
} 4 ) â @+ Y4
} )
+ + + }
MdlMjfS ` MnQ@ Mj QTQ[ jfM_\ â`Q Q@wyZ `{\Tz QT
| ^vQTQ[`Q@ jfMN\Tz QT| ^
o

} 4 . + +
2

% l }

}
% 7

+

+
4 }
} )

,+k Y

}

q }

} ,+7
+/{ q

} a + 4 +

} e
)

}
) 3
2

}
)

) 3
2
. 2

q

4

7 }
,++ q +
2
2
2
}

q }
%

% - +++

} )
} 4 )
} )
}
} a )
} e )

q q 4 }

% ;
q 4 }
7
N7N 4 }

4 }

%
% +
%
4 }

4 }

4 }
2
2 7
4 }
} )

4 }
+ + Y
4 }
} )

% â Y @ l
N 7 }
> MdfMjfS ` M ^ Q ^TjS Qb Sv^[Qg Mj QTQ jlM_\ â`Q Mxm9` ^âèdf^ QT ^
M@Q jlM_\TQT
|^
M_S NZ M^N\_^TjRjfMTo
> } 4 ., +
+ q 4 }
> } q + q + 4 }
}

} + 2 4

}
>
}
> } a )
% 2
q }
> } e ) 2
2
(2
}
> } ) { + + N 4 }
> } ) 4 }
> } ) 32
; 7 4 }
> } )
+ + + + 4 }
/Mj NZ MHQ MaZ èdfM M_èd QT M o
} 4 m 4 [m 4 }
} m 4 { m 4 4 xm}
} a m 4 [mvq m 4 M 4 '
4
4 +
> }
D 5 > " > : A B K

% :'[5B A B
NL M[m f Y Mx QgQ dfZ jQg M@Z SQSvâ`pdfQT`Qg`Qg^ \Tz QT| ^ f MS Z M
jlM \Tz QT| ^N=Qijld ` ^ M M7 M Mj Q \QTS `Qij=QijQ Z h j Q SvâèdQT`QnSQ jQi QTSvM_èdfMa}
, + q +
} $/S Z Mn jfM \Tz QT| ^[Qx Mj QTQx jfM_\ â`Q M m f {
+ + ` ^xâ`pdl^ 4 M _Mjf^ a}
} /Mj NZ
M NZ M^ Tj Qi \_^ M , + + M q , + q + q t Y QT| ^dQT` aM_èdfM `Q^Tj aM_SF}
MdlMjfS ` MH^@ QT` ^xdfQT` aM_`pdlMnM Q jfMdQ@` ^TjfSQ Q ? Z Mkjfw \ M ` ^@âèdf
^ [o
} 4 , +/7 + Y + 7
N q }
} , +/ {77 + q
q N e }
} , + q + q + 7 N7 }
} 4
} , +/ + q +
} a q q +
} e + + +
} % q

} - + q
+ +

a }
7 }

+
7N 4 }

f }
f }
2+
} ++ q + + q 2 ++
f }
} - +
+ q + f }
+
2+
+
MdlMjfS ` MnQ@
M NZQ\Tz QT| ^x ^[ QT` ^@dQT` aM_èdfM Q ? -+ q {+ q + =QijQ M ^vQT^ QT` ^
q { }
MdlMjfS ` MH^ QT ` aZ ^[M`pdljlM Q M_aZ èdfM Z Mjlw \ M ` ^xâ`pdl^[}
} 4 , + +/
{ + {- + + q M N 7 }
} , +/
+
+ , + + + q { q q xM N 4 }
} {- +
{ + q
xM 7 }
, +/
++ + q q
} q - + q +
.7
q - + + xM }
} a , + q +
{, +
+ q M }
} e , + q Y - + 2 q + q 2 + 7 @M q 7 2 X }

$ / .
R t 7/ 7e c
LNMPORQ Qx\Z j Q âZ â`pdl^ QTQ@M Q èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^vQ Z Mjlw \ M Mn` M o

f X Y

f .

ft / X Y
f
'
LNMPORQTS ) f ) f ZQ wyZ `{\Tz â| M dQ Z MHQ Mj QTQ =Qijf\ Q M dQTS-M

f Z SVâ`pdl^[\_âS Z S Q ?
ZQ Z Mkjfw \ M } = a^ ` MjfMn^ Mdf^TjlM o

+

f
f
M ` ^TjfSvQ Q ? ` ^âèdf^ M + M7 ` ^TjfSQ Q ? + ` ^ â`pdl^ [} âa^ M + QT| ^` ^TjfSQ

Q ` ^ â`pdf^ x}LNM M + `QT| ^ QT| ^g=QijQ M Q M_èdQT| ^ ^ Mdl^Tj7dQT` aM_èdfM[Q ` ^gâèdf^
dfM_SQFSvM SvQ jlM \Tz QT| ^ NZ M + ` ^Fâèdf^ jf^N Z df^ Mkdf^Tj Q ^ Mdl^TjfM ` ^TjfSQ }
= âSv^ df^ Q M[=QijQ ZQ Z Mj âèdf^ Q èdfMj MN\Tz QT| ^.dfM_Sv^ NZ M M + b 2
M_èdQT| ^vQ@M NZQ\iz QT| ^v`Qxwy^TjfSvQ =Qij QT S[Mdlj \Q@Q@jfMdQ dQT` aM_èdfM Q ` ^@âèdf^ MT o

2 X
} 4 MdfMjfS ` MQM NZQ\Tz QT| ^7QjfMkdQdQT` aM_èdfM*Q ?

M + + q + @` ^[âèdf^ q 7 }
LNMPORQTS
{ + +
+ q
f { { +
`pdfMkj M \Tz QT| ^Q . Z Mjfw \ M { ,+a&{+T@+
+ q + q
M f { +
q 7 {
+ q 7 {
âa^ q 7 q q n
dQT` aM_èdfMM_ Q MT o

oM_èdQT| ^ o
q 7 M
q q

q : 6 Q MNZQ\iz QT| ^`Q wy^TjfSQF=QijQTS M dlj \Q

{Q jlMdQ

'

q q {7 '
@ kM dfMjfS ` M2Q MNZQ\iz QT| ^ Q9jfMkdQKdQT` aM_èdfM/Q ? èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^ Q Z Mjlw \ M ,+ q M
+
` ^[â`pdf^ }
} LNMPORQTS Q M_aZ èdfM Z Mjlw \ M ,+/
+/+ M {,+/
+{++ }
y MdfMkjfS ` MQ M ZQ\Tz â| M ^ QT` ^ dfQT` aM_`pdlM Q \TQ Q Z Mkjfw \ MH` ^@âèdf^ 7 jlM M\
d QTSvM`pdfMi}
}
k

MkdfMjfS ` MH^ QT ` aZ ^xM_`pdRjfM Q Z Mjlw \ M ` ^xâ`pdl^ 7 }

y MdfMjlS ` MHQxM ZQ\Tz QT| ^[Q jfMdQ@dQT` aM_èdfM Q ? èdfMj M \Tz QT| ^vQ Z Mjlw \ M ` ^xâ`pdl^ 7 }
LNMPORQT
S ( 2MuwyZ `{\Tz â| M M Z SQ Qij Q M jfM_Q \_âS Mj QTQ M M_aZ ` Q ^Tjl M_S Qid
w Q _M_` ^ o
88
88
2+
+M
+
M_` ^ 2 \ â` dQTèdfM }Mj NZ M NZ M l M ^ Z{\Tz QT| ^xQ[MNZQ\iz QT| ^[Qxâ` Q }
xM \_â` dQT`pdlM> M ^ Z{\iz QT| ^[QxM NZQ\Tz QT| ^x ^v\Q ^Tj_o
/Mj NZ M NZ M ) l {

) q + ) + '

"!
( ) * .+, - / 021
#%$'&
4 625 798 4 :<; = 4 8?5 > 8 4 :2; =@4
A 695 BC8?6 ; A 69BC8 6 5 A = 8 ;
DFEHG I J KMLNPQSO T R J.UVJ =XW JZY []\ T U

`^ _acbedgf@hjilk]mndgoqpsrta%mnrvupwbyxz_|{}upn~sf@hjilk]<imndwbmnr?oe be p__q"mn_qrnp
Z.yl l
dzpsru}p_ mndpsrvupn_2 }__cu}_Fy}y~nube"mn_e
? ?Pby{bSu}p`np]Fe}y
dzpsru}p_ mndpsrvupn_ ? }__cu}_Fy}y~nube"mn_e
? ?Pby{bSu}p`np]Fe}y
d bedxzpsSpsobecpsq~_ nup n %? % _?]_F nup
% n
2
-1
-2
-2
-1
c}
Zz .

%
t~s_qrvube pn~P v _ psrvup.n_d rn dp pòbe"n_ ._byupn~
^`_ ?
Pby{bup`np i `

&

'
? v? n
nPby{bup`np n
_p ebe pe{ d rn dp _ X~ "mn__Z byur s npr bSpe{ s_qd
& ) *
(
10
2
#3
&
!"#%$
M
+-,/.
43
-1
-2
-2
-1
? n 2 _qrvube p " n i i _F mnd oqpsrta%mnrvupM r rn upn_ psrvups

^`_
n_Fd bt n dpp"oben_ ._byupn~ ~lPby{bup`np n i _? n p sp
? n? Pby{bup`np i ` ruqbe pn~]byu r s_}_|m ybepe{ d bt n dp_qdV"m be"mn_|{
psrvup b{_|ub " nli wi v
56
&
87
:9
?
&

-9
;
<;
=
>

&

&
'
#3

?@ A3
B0
C=
-1
-2
-2
-1
^`_ acb f2hi k imndwbmnr?oe be pMn_{_qrnoqqb v_q n_ rn b]rnp]byx_|{cupf _

Zf@mndpsrvup_ù}{_qdp pòben_ ruqbe p ?
by{bbSn{p eb~ v_acbpby _qrnn oq_e
D
80
GF
L0
#0
NM
HJI
E>

"!
# q#
Z.yl l

d psrvupFSube?"mn_ ? @_ nup 2 _?_S n up ebe pe{
o|{ uo|pn_ be}po|psru}{ by {pn~n_Z n uppsrvup{}_ smn by{n__?q ybepe{ {_ smnby{ n_
d zpsrupo{ u oqp`mn_ rbe pM_ d bt dpZpòqbern_qdd rndpp"obe _ o bedwbenpn_ n
%

by{
b ~ ? v X_Z _q"mn ybe_qrvu_bS{_qcps v_|{p}_ smnrvu_} cu_qdbn__|`m boe ps _q|
z v X
F
JI

z v X

z v X

&
r bep vbed_qrvu_ Pby{b

A3
E3
5
&
&
X

X

&
&
spe{b~p"n_qdps_qrmnrnoq by{?p_qpe{_|dwb b mnr?oe be p d oq ubn_mndwb pe{}dwbdwbe s_qpsd_| u}{}ob

^`_acb mndwbmnr?oy be p n_oqbe}}_j vn_ rn bMrmnd byxz_|{}upn_ilk? by{bup`np ebe pe{
{_ smnby{n_~"poqpsrta%mnrvup!#"H$|c_ rbe ppe{ eb&%q p_ mndwbZ}m_|{} oq _Soqm{ ybvn_ oqbe}}_'("
%
rube p ? n _e
^`_acb ?
) X
X
bmn rn ob}ps m?oe be pnp}%u_qdwb _ XS_ X v_. psrvupo|{ uo|pn_
^`_acb ? +*
+* ,* X
%3
N3
E>

&

"

H%

(

?
&
H#
&
%
%
- X

0
#
c}
Zz .

pccu_|dwb _ _q`mn ebe _qrvu_b

) * *
S * Z X
n_w lbe}ps m?oe ps _qqbe p XSpsm* X
_ qbe ppspsrvups o|{ uoqps|
^`_ X~P_|rube pn~ n_ ~ *
~
^`_(* ~ _qrvube pn~ n_w '~

n* ~ `mn_rbe pu_|d }ps m?oe be p{}_be
v ^`_acbw? n - ~ X
X

X

H

1
A
?
H ?
"
H
H"
%
!
&

oqpsdp X ~ù{bernnpp ybepe{n_mndb be yby{qb v_q_|d _ }mxnuumnrnnpS_qd ~pexnu_qdps

bcpsm?oe be p
p sp _ pzpsrupo|{ uoqpn_
* ^`_acbw? n &
}

"
)"
&
0
@ A3
80
& *
+*

+*

A

? ?
| X
6
# H
`mn__Z _|`mn ybe_|ru_Zbepccu_|dwb

0
) S X

? ?
6
X
7
n _ _S '~nbe}psm?oy ps _q npSccu_|dwb qbe pn

X_
x }_|{ v_Z"mn_ _qcubmnr?oe be p
u_qd mndwboqm{ ybMn_psrvupso{ u oqpsq zpsrupso|{ uoqpsqbe p v _pspsrvupsnp]os {o|mnp
" ni
v

0
9 &
A;

)"
6

"!
#
^`_acbw? n
&
?#

&
&

w } X

% . } X
6
&

& 6

H

0
)X S

?
.

?H

X
q X

n_ _ ~lbe}ps m?oe ps _qnp}cu}_qdwbqbe pnv~ v_ ~ `mn_ qbe ppspsrvups
o|{ uo|psn_

#
c}
Zz .

^`_acbw? n
&
?
*


0
)X
S X
q X

*

!
*
X
X
bmn rn ob}ps m?oe be pnp}%u_qdwb _e v~`mn__Z pSpsrvupo{ u oqpn_

"!
#

^`_acbw? z v

}%u_qdwb ? z v _
_q"mn ybe_qrvu_ b
$$ . w vv
$ v .$
v
n_ '~ _$v'~"u_qdps"mn_p } cu_qdwb.u_qd oqpsdpmn rn obe}ps m?oe ps _q.v?_$v~""mn_qbe p
ps psrvups o|{ u oqpsn_
%'
&
F
&
"*

%

C
*

"*
H
DFE I J J
Y NL ]QSO R T T U =W
JZY T U TQ S N|U
`^ _acb f h i i by{bnd_qrnqbe p ~pbyup n_w`mn_ ? d obF_qd2"mn_p
bernpuber s_qrvu_Zbep e{ b oqpn_rnpSzpsrupZc_acbSPby{be _qpSbep bernp ~nbyupber be p spSbep"mn_
pò|pe{}{__qd n d_qrnqbe p
^`_acbbbed bn_Zmnr?oe ps _qq
'
#3
3
8>

A3
? n f

ubev`mn_lfPw i _rbe p qbe pup` be}dmnubern_bed_qrvu_lr"mnbeq ._qrnpeu_|dpszpe{ Xf .
bv ^`_ _Zf ~n_qrvube pv_Z psrvupn_d rndpn_
x ^`_ _Zf ~ _qrvube pv_. psrvupn_d bt dpn_
o ^`_ ~ _qrvube p v_. psrvupn_Z}_qbn_

f ~P (_ q
pobe}p X~Prbe p _Z zps} v_|u}psdwby{ mndwbn_|oqqbe pn
%
._|u_|{}drn_ps zpsru}ps _ù}{_qdps n_e
? n

t
?
H
f ~ (_ _qrvube pv_ mndpsrvupn_Z}_qb
&
B
?%
?

L0
#0
NM
)

0
& !H
&
)
*#
! ?%

#

# $
c}
Zz .

-2
-4
.f ~ V _ 2 _qrvube p v_ mndCpsrvup n_d rn dp n_ _p ebe pe{

d rndpM_ ? v X ._qc_qr nps {_q%_qo|u} vpsq
-4
-2
-2
-4
-4
l ._qrnpeu_|dps zpe{
-2
| n}

psrnn_e

&
&
q

q

psrnn_Zbe n_{ ybe be Pby{}oq be |be pobe oqmn be be rnppsrvup d byu}{ % n_Z o bedwbe bn_
dwbyu}{} % _q}}ber bn_
0

&

"!

^`_acbed
? nmndb mnr?oy be pjn_oq be}c_ n_ rn brmnd o|psrta%mnrupjbyx_|{}u}p hCi _
zy s@mndpsrvupo|{ uo|pn_ ._qrnpeu_|dps zpe{
fS

&
&
2

E>

&

&
vr ube pn
bv ^`_fS zy s S_ y e ~P_|rube p t s_ zpsrupn_d rndp pòben_ _qd
x ^`_fS zy s _ e s| ~ _qrvube p t s_Z psrvupn_d bt dp pòben_ _qd
o ^`_ t s ~P_|rube p zy s_Z zpsrupn_}_| bn_ _qd
P ^`_ e s| X~ r be bS}_Zzp`n_oqpsrnoqmn{

^`_S e s|_ psrvupn_d rndpp"oben_~_|rube pSbe oqm{ ybe n_ r v_qz_p e{Pb o|pSn_Zrmndwb
%qr ber?oq bn_w e s| _ zy sy'? zt e}~{_|c_qou ybed_qrvu_e~Pqbe p bSpe{dwb
&

&

&

&

&

L0
&

#0
NM

&
0

&

0
8>
-1
-2
^`_ ze sq_ psrvup n_d bt n dp.p"obe n_ ~_qruqbe pbeoqm{ eben_r v_q _p e{Pb oqp n_Frmndwb
%qr ber?oq bn_w e s| _ zy sy'? zt e}~{_|c_qou ybed_qrvu_e~Pqbe p bSpe{dwb
-2
&
-1

&

&
-1
-2
-2
-1

0
8>
#
c}
Zz .

^`_. zy sq_l psrvup n_c_q b n_~y_|rube pbeoqm{ yben_r v_qv_p e{Pb oqpn_rmndwb ` %q r ber?o b
n_w y e _ ze sy'? zt e}~{_|c_qou ybed_qrvu_e~ qbe p bpe{dwb

&

0
&

&

0
8>
C0
-1
-2
-2
-1
n^`__F mndwbmnr?oe be p oqpsrvu rm b]rnppsrvup ze s|_}_ben_|{ ebe beSPby{oq be n_ l

" rnpwpsrvup zy s~zd_q}dpbe}}d _ ps}q v_q"mn__qcu_ zpsrup }_ acbF_ù}{_qdp_n_ v_
}_|{F_nbedr benp c_|Pby{be bed_qrvu_e pe{ _n_|d pn~ ? n
_ oqpsrvu rm b_qd i _
ben_|{ ebe bePby{oqber bpe{ s_qd9rbe p_n cu_qd pe{Spsmu}{p benp
~ Pby{bup"np
n i w_? v ? n~ Pby{bup`np n ]i p spn~ vw_ zpsru}pFn_d rndp
p"oben_ _acbp_n_|{}os oq p
0
&
&

&

E0
& -
0
*

&
&
' 7

*

A3
p Fbe o|mnp_qd9mndwb yby{qb v_q ~?}_wmndb mnr?oe be p]oqpsrvu r"m b psc}mnnps zpsrupsn_ d bt dp
p"obe ~rn_qoq_|}by{bed_qrvu_ n_ v__cu} {mnd psrvupn_d rndpZp"obe poqbe}pn_ by {} be yby{qb v_qq~
mndwbmnr?oe be pp"n_u}_|{ nps zpsrups n_dbt ndp_rbe pzps}}mn{rn_qr mnd zpsrupn_d rndpn
._ byupn~}_ acb? @ ] oq by{bed_qru}__ o|psru r"m b _qd i
._|u_|{}drn_qdps ps psrvupso|{ u}oqpsq
@ P S n n X

w X
0
50
80
E0
80
1
&
&
87
&

%
6
?
{_qcps v_qrnnpp}%u_qdwbpexnu_qdps ps psrvups o|{ u oqps v_

0

"!
Sf n
n @
&
&

H H

n
H
# &
&
%

"
v } 7
N%
p spn~fS% v g F_% v fS _ dxps.pspsrvups

qbe pn_d bt n dppòqben__rbe pps}}mnpsrvups n_d rn dpn ._qc_qr nps np e{Pb oqpn_bep
{_qnpe{ nps zpsru}ps n_dbt ndppòqbe_p e{ b oqpn_
A3
13
8>
G3
8>
{_qcz_qo|u ebeoqm{ ybe n_r v_q qbe pn

0
0
0
0.4
2.4
0.2
2.2
-0.2
1.8
-0.4
1.6
-1
-1.4
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
p`n__'n%u { mndpsrvupn_Z}_q bS`m bernnp_'n%u_qdnps psrvups n_d bt dppsmn_Zd rn dpn

._wbyupn~?}_acb? n *
o| by{bed_|ru_w _w o|psru r"m b_qd<i ` psrvups
o|{ uo|ps |be p v'~% _ l_ v_. zpsru}pn_}_qb~% _ qbe ppsrvups n_
d rndp p"obe n_ w^`_oqpsrn} n_|{bedps n V? zpsrup v_ psrvup n_}_qb~
% _ qbe pzpsrups n_dbt ndppòqben_
0
&
)
H%
&

'
#
c}
Zz .

1.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
%
be}} "mn_Zps psrvups o|{ u}oqps n_? n
._|u_|{}drn_qdpspspsrvupso|{ uo|psq
_e
>
&
*
%
*n
%
S _

) S n X

*

%
psrvupso|{ u}oqps qbe pv~ _w

Sf n '
n +*

upsq { u oqps
v

%

&
&

*
*

-
?
d r
}_qb
}_qb

,
: 7
pccu_|dwb

"!
##
-1
-2
-2
-1

._|u_|{}drn_qdps ps psrvupso|{ u}oqpsq +* S _ +* . p}%u_qdwb _e
) S X
. X
p spn~pspsrvups o|{ uo|ps qbe pn v~? '~? ~? v~?% v~ ~? ~% _
% '
*

n
* $
>
&

@ A3
*

&
&!

H

&

Sf n +* $ '
n
$ $

&
&
upsq { u oqps
v

v

% v

%
%

- *
*

*
*
*
-
--

d tb
}_qb
}_qb
d r
}_qb
}_qb
d r
d r
d r
,

#
c}
Zz .

0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5
v be}} "mn_Zps psrvups o|{ u}oqps n_? n &
}
^byx_|dpsw`mn_ ps}cmn psFc_ smnrvu_qwpsrvups o|{ uo|psq v~ v~Z% v~ _
'
>
&
&

Sf
@ *.

&
*
?

&

-

ups|{ u}oqps
v
v
% v

& ?
%
?

? N

}_qb
d bt
d bt
d r
d r

,

!"
!"
!"
!"
%
6

?

"!
#
-1
-2
-2
-1
* be}} "mn_Zps psrvups o|{ u}oqps n_? n

>
&

&
*
+*
+* w X

?"*
&
H
}psdwbernnpbe_|`m boe ps _q } c @ n_ pexnu_qdps `mn_ Xpsm

be }_ smnrvu_q }psm?oe ps _|q v'~ _% '

1
7
("
5"
Sf H *n
@ * -

& *
{ uo|ps
uq

%
K

v

_Zu_qdps
,
-
d r
d r
-

r be }_qdps }_Pby{be bed_qrvu_pSpsrvupo{ u oqpv

fS v _ v X p spn~ep u_qpe{_|dwbrbe p p`n_ }_{lby oqbenpn~sdwbe_nbedr by{_|dpsp.} r be
n_ r"mndwb |% r ber?o b n_ v? v n{pn dwbernnp }_n_ v _| b{_ub ~
u_qdps ?

A3
%
5
#
c}
Zz .

nu}{pspdwnb dwebebern pen{p _q.}_ps_q} upw v_qpsp_nrnps_ vbyu~? v psr"mnvd~b u_|d %qps r ?be r?oqbv n_v _q ruq be p X v}_ rbe p _ ps p rvsupp
n_dbt ndprn_qd n_Zd rn dpn
.beoqm{ ybe n_.r v_qn_Z~`zp`n_qd }_|{ pex }_|{ ybenps pspsrvupsn_.d rn dp __{}upSn_S vrbe
p
byPby{_qo|_qdgzpsru}ps n_}_q bpsm_ù}{_qdps|

1
E3
&
H

A3
0
0
0
-1
-2
-2
-1

>
&

@

@

& *
& *
X
X

n_|{ ybe bePby{}oq be _qd2 vrbe p_n cu_qd p spn~nrbe pu_|dgzpsrups o|{ uo|psq
@mnr?oy be p_ oqpsrvu r"m b_|d2v p spn~ byn{}_q}_qrvubmndwbs `mn r b r bpe{} s_qd pe{psmu}{p benpn
0
?v ? n
d tb dpn_

%$
& C
A3

A3
43

Pby{bFu}p`np] . i _qrvube pM v_ mnd zpsrupFn_

&
7

"!
#
-1
-2
-2
-1
_u_|{d rn_Zps psrvups_u}{}_qdps n_? n


n X

X

_|}ps v_qrnnpp} cu_qdbpexnu_qdps _pszpsru}pso|{ uoqpsn_qbe ppszpsrups b{}_|ub
fS n _ n X psdpSberu_|q~ rnpeubedps`mn_y? _? n n
}_ p spSpszpsru}pso|{ u oqps qbe pzpsrupsn_Zd rndps pòbe q

&

%*
'"
&

J 7
&
?
"
A3
&

-1
-2
-1

-2
&
&

#$
DFE
c }
Z z .

T \|JY U J : NY N ]QSO R T

_up`npspsPby{be _q_ _|nps{_|uber smn by{_qoqmtacb}psdwb beby{}_qcube_ oqpsrncuberu__ sm beb

v~ "m be _ p"mn_u}_qd vpsmnd_d bt n dp
^`_acbed ~ _ be by{}_qcubenpPby{be _q_| _qnpube`mn_
P

#3
43
(
"

z
y
x
`^ _qm vpsmnd_]_
psdp
mnr?oe be pwbSdwbtn d %qby{w_e
0

--
F z~u_|dps `mn_

? . w n'
@ . X

@ S w n X

psdp _ qbe pby{}_qcube ~ w p}%u_qdwb _Z _q"mn ybe_qrvu_Zb
) X
w X
bmn rn ob}ps m?oe be pzps} v_q _ _
& %
?
"
C
C

*"
(
H
0
"
("
fS n @ z
+*
Z
f

&

H%

&
*
%'G
. F n _Sb
%

" !
p sp _. psrvupn_d bt dpn by{_q%ube|be p ~ _

@Pby{be_|_| _qnp_
mndoqmxpn
_u_|{d rn_bSncu bernoq bSd rn dwb bpe{ s_qdgbep bernp
peu_`mn_p bernprbe
pPbe}}bS_| bpe{} s_qd
A3
1
"
#
p spp vpsmnd__y
(
A3
0
""

2
43
X`m be{benpZ bZn cu bernoqbZ bZpe{} s_qd eb pZzpsru}pw z v_ be bZpe{

ppsrvup
z vz_|{}u_qrno|_bep bernp p spn~ w _drn d %by{}_qdpsbc_ smnrvu_mnr?oy be pn

8M
43
&
&
A3
?

?
X w,

!

?
H

X
v- X

$
pccu_|dwbu}_qd mndb mn rn ob}ps m?oe be pn s s- ~ `mn__Z pSpsrvupo|{ u oqpn_
fS n +*_ +* *n dPby{}uo|mn by{~

&
&
f s s-

-

s s
7
# 5< 7
#
c}
Z z .

_qrvube p s s- _ mndzpsru}pn_d rndp pòben_
s p spn~
s
s
v _u_|{d rn_Zp ebe pe{ d bt n dp b}psdwbnps o|p }_qrnpsnps ber smn psn_Zmndgu}{} ber smnpn
._ v_qdps dwbtd %by{
v
n
psrnn_ z |be pps ber smnps npSu}{ ber smnp benpn beq~
p sp
F w

7
A3
"0
"M #3
M #3
E0
(
M #3
& N

M #3
#"*

A3 1
?
" " F n}
" " n
?

E,
&
E,

E,
E,
&
E,
E,
&*
&

@
l l X

@
l n l X

b&%q_qrnnp ~u_qdps l l n _qruqbe pn~ wpsm
bv^`_
~ bn{d_| {b_q`m boy be ppexnu_|dps l l p sp
"
^`_ l ~ XSpsm ~np"mn__ dzps} v_q
^`_ " ~ oqpsdp z~u}_qd c_ ~ p spSpzpsru}po|{ uo|p _
x }_ z~z b c_ smnrn b_q"m boe be p pexnu_qdps l p sp wpsm
)
E,
& H
&
N
&"
&"* H
&
)

A3
l psm

& "

&
E,

#
0
)
("
A3

:

A3 G
dps}q v_q
pe{}ubervupn~ _Z p nm rnoqpzpsru}po|{ uo|pn_ pe{psmu}{p benpn
B
0
fS n @ " " n

$ " nc "
f

&

E,
E,
&
N
E,
E,
"*
,
&"*
E,
E,
&*

l~zpw`mn_ _

" !
p spn~ _ mndVpsrvup n_d bt dppòqbePby{b 'psdp F ~
d bt dp bcpsdwb _y

A3
G1
E,
E,
E,
!1
# '&
_p ebe pe{
G0
*rnpw n{dwdb_qo be{pnbpò|{u_beurvbeur _smn}pe byxn{ {}_u_qb dcmu}{_|_|{beoqoq__| rnps bernpso|p`pe{'n_q r bebeno|mnps_ _Zp mnvd psmnd_| {}_u oq _ bw dwbepe { ozbe nvb
#3

&
G0
oqpsd_q}}beoby{beo|u}_|{ %uobe|
vpsmnd_S b obenb_
psrnn_ ~ _ q be p ps oqpsdn{d_|rups beby{_|cube boqbe b
^`_ acbw? n ' ._|u}_|{d rn_qdps pszpsrups o|{ uo|psq
. X

S , q X

?

& %
? ?

?
)
H
?!
H
_ w|be pby{_q%ubeq~Pp sp ~ w S_Zp}%u_qdwb _Z _q"mn ybe_qrvu_Zb

)

p spn~pnm rnoqpwzpsrup o|{ u oqp bendc v_q _e ~zzps _ |be pwoqpsdn{ d_qrvups be.by{_q%ube
boqbe b S_ w v

2
A3
#

?
A3
#
0
&

2
fS n @ z
n

f @

*
_qrvube p _ mndgzpsrupn_d bt dpn~ _ -
_.up"npsps u}{ ber smn ps n_Z_{ d_u}{p benpn~ n_|u_|{}drn_pn_Zdwbepe{by {_b
^`_acbed _ ps benpsnpu}{ ber smnpn }bernnpwbHpe {dmn bSn_ _|{psr~Pp"m be{benp bby {}_bnp
u}{ ber smnp _e f n v~ psrnn_
btn d %q_|dps bmnr?oe be pn

&
&

M #3
M #3
>
M #3
C
6
:
"*%
#%&
c}
Zz .

? n
&
?
?
H
&*

oqpsdp
z~npexnu_qdpsq

)

6
_

&
?
("
fS @ n'
n
-
f

&
H
q w X

pe{psmu}{pbenpn
K
nq w X

&
*
&

p spn~ _. psrvupn_d bt dp_

A3
2
DFEFEtG 4 5 LNY T U

cu { ber smn p _ _q`mn by u_|{}pn

M #3
T U
^`mpsr b"mn_]rmndwbj_z_|{ _qrnoq b {_be %be bjpe{bed oqps_ubenps psc_ smnrvu_q Pby{_| n_M benps
'~ ~ P ~ ~zube `mn_ps rbe p qbe pwup`nps sm beq
" u_qpe"{} bw}mxacbeoq_qrvu_ bw _z_|{ _|rnoq bwk !"}m s_|{}k _S!""mn_psk bek nps.n_ v_qd _|cuby{bep psr spwn_mndwb{}_|ub

H ._ `npbF_|{}{psZ_z_|{d_qrubeq~psZzpsrupsZrbe p qbe poqps rn_by{_qq d_| up`npnps
d rndps `m be{benpsoqpsrn} cu__|d n_|u}_|{d r by{bZ{_ubZ"mn_d_q npe{}_ bta%mncub beps benpsq~`psmc_acb~
oqpsrn} cu_Z_qdn_|u_|{dr by{ _ n_Zdp"np"mn_ bS}psdwbnps n_q `ps v_|{}u obe }_acbd rn dwb
M
&

B

&
'

&

#3
&

E0
#3
E0
0

"!
#%&#
(x i ,yi )
xi
benps?ps?psrvups c ~P p zpsrup.}pexn{}_b{_ub `mn_ _q%uPb dwben{ py ndp

n cu bernoqb v_|{}u}obe nps.psrvupsZ benpsu_|do|p`pe{n_qr be be c q p spFp`m be{benp b
n%u bernoq b v_|{}u obeb_q%u_qzpsru}psF_e

&
8M

%"
'
&
' !
8M
A3
|
l ?
k } |
rn d %by{}_qdps bmnr?oy be pn? P q
"
k "
beoqmnbernnpbe n_{ ybe be P by{}oq be ~ _ sm bebernnp
b %q_|{pn~ pexnu_qdps p} cu}_qdwb
k k k
}

'

'
43

"
"
k

"

"

k c
"
%u__ mnd}cu}_qdwb rn_by{q~n`mn_Zu}_qdmndwb mn rn ob}ps m?oe be p"mn_d rnd %bS

%
._|u_|{drn_bS{_ubS"mn_Zd_q npe{ }_Zbta%mncubbeps zpsru}ps v'~% ~% '~ v~
_$

#%&
c}
Zz .

**

*

p spn~Ppexnu}_qdps p} cu_qdb
@ A3
) *
-
%
%
`mn_.u_qdgoqpsdpS}ps m?oe be p

* _ s _qrvube pn~PbS{}_|ub _
`

("
s
`
-2
-1
-1
._|u}_|{d rn_wb{_|ub `mn_d_| npe{ c_wbta%mncubbepszpsrupsw% ~% ~ ~ ~

~ *nv_$ *

"!

*

p sp pexnu}_qdps p} cu_qdb
@ A3

H
H

%

s @
_ @ q_ rvube pn~PbS{_|ub _

%
#%&

-2
-2
-4
nv_ sps rn}~n nn_|ps{_}b_ scmn_ s rmnu_|rvu_Pbnuby cxz_q_qq bS}pexn{_ dpe{}u_q pe{o|psrn}mndwboe be pn_Mbe oqp"ps_|{ oby ub~Prnpwbernp
be

;

ss
*vs
*
pe{}u_|

H

*
%# &
c}
Zz .

.^`mzpsr b `mn_S_n cu_SmndwbFo|pe{}{_qboe be p rn_by{Z_qrvu}{_ps benps b ubyx_| b _mu %|_Spd_| up"np
nps d rndps`m be{benps Pby{bn_|u}_|{d r by{ b{_|ubSn_d_| npe{ bya%mn%u_ b ubyx_| b
^`_rmndCPb boqpsrncmndwboe be ppsln_ u}{ps_|{oby ubrnpbernpn_ s ~mu %qbernnp ~
n_|u_{drn_ZbSzps} v_qdpe{}ube ben_e
._|u_|{}dr bedpslb.{_|ub`mn_ ob bZd_qrnpe{n cu bernoqb v_|{}u}obennpslpsrvups '~P$ ss H v~
$ ~$ ~ *vs v_ * *'

0
>
8M
p spn~Ppexnu}_qdps p} cu_qdb

` *v
(0

-ss

s
@ A3
) -ss ` *v s
-
` v*
-&* _ - _|rube pn~Pb{_|ub _
-s`

C

2"
-&*
s`
200
150
100
50
^`_
(

#"
100
-
ss &*n
200
300
400

500
-
--

"!
FD E 4 5 W N Y T U J 4 5 LNY T U 6 U T \ T U
#%&
`^ _acbedVvf hji k 9imndbmnr?oe be p_f

Z.y
gzpsru}p _w mnd2zpsru}pn_wd rndp byx }ps mupn_F_|d<f}_??~Pby{b up"np
Mf
psrvup _ mndpsrvupn_d bt dpbyx }psmu}pn_ _qd2f }_F? ?~Pby{bup"np
Mf
%
y psdp
Pby{bup"np ni
^`_acbei 9in_ rn b pe{ ?
_w?v ~u_qdps.`mn_? n ? v Pby{bFup"np ni p sp v_ zpsru}pn_
d rndpSbyx }ps mupn_ ._qc_qr np b _qc`mn_|{ b
psdp
Pby{bup"np
^`_acb si in_ rn bpe{ ? @
n i _? v ~nu_qdps `mn_Z_? n?vPby{bup"np n f p sp v_
psrvupn_d bt dpbyx }ps mupn_ ._qc_qr np b n{_qub

'
E>
& !
&
#
!<" $
&
&
'
1@ A3
H
E>
&
'
&
*
*
&
&
@ A3
ps.Pby{Pb e{bepsZberu_{pe{_|_qcubyx_q _qoq_qdpsoqpsrnn%oe ps _qPby{bF`mn_Smnd psrvup }_acbmnd zpsru}pn_

d bt dp pòbeZpsmn_d rndpp"obe n_ spe{brnps}}pMpexa%_|u} vp _ v_|{ oby{wb_n cu _qrno| b
n_wpsrvupsn_ d bt n dps_wd rndps byx }psmupsn_j_ n_|u_|{}dr by{ube psrvupsq .p Fbe o|mnp
n_ mndwb eby{qb v_q oqpsr n_qoq_qdpspMu_qpe{_|dwbn_ M_q_|{}cu}{be}w"mn_ rnps vby{bervu_bM_n cu _qrnoqb]n_
psrvups_ù}{_qdps byx }ps mups rnp u_qpe{_qdb~_w mnrn bed_qrvube"mn_wb mnr?oe be poqpsru rm bb _|cumn by{
_qcu}_acbFn_ rn b _qd mnd rvu_|{ ebe pw_qo benp_ d ubenpn }_ smn{. by{_qdps.be smndwbe n_ rn%oe ps _q
`mn_._q%u_qrnn_qdgbe oby{beo|u}_|{ %uobe nps rvu_|{ ebe ps _|o benps_.d ubenpsbi k]_._qrmnrnoqby{_qdps p
u_qpe{}_qdwb`mn_ vby{beru{PbS b_cu _|rnoq bSn_d bt dps_d rn dps byx }ps mupsq
Z.yl l d oqpsrta%mnrvupf hXilk _ nup d ubenpc_S_'n%u_mndwbwoqpsrncubervu_ ube
`mn_ H~nPby{bup"npS] f `mn ebe _qru}_qd_qrvu_e~ }_Zf _q%uPb oqpsrvunpr bxpsbF |

%3
-0
>
80
>
23

E>
#%&$

c}
Zz .

_qdxn{bedps "mn_poqpsrta%mnru}pf hilk _Z _qo benp_qdilk]}_ f hf_acbp by umnp'

rvumn u ebed_qru}_e~mndwb]cm_|{ oq_ _ _qo be b _ d ube b}_ _| bM}_|Pby{bMpM_qcPboq p _|d nm be
{_ sps _qq~ mndwb srvu_|{ pe{ _Zpsmu}{b s_u_{pe{ b cm_q oq_e pobe}pn_ZmndwbS_q}_|{b_qdi
%

_ _qo benpn~ ps }m b {}psru_| {b _y
f " z vi
@
J
9 &
;

f " z vi
)
; *
9 &

p sp f hf by{bed_qrvu__Z dubenpn

rbe p_ _qo benpn~Pzps }m b {psrvu_q{b _S
f " ni
@ A3
J
9 &
<;

f " ni
)
9 &
; *
p sp f h ff_Z dubenp
{v_|?ufbe P P ~ H t
~ _ mnd o|_ psrta%mnrup _|o benp_ d ubenpn~ezps f _ p{_|u ber smn p pe{dwbenp_qbe
* . bernps _qdgi |be p_qo benps_rbe p dubenps
@ A3
8M #3
C
-
"
"
"nP n ^`_acbvf hji k 9imndbmnr?oy be poqpsrvu r"m bSrnpoqpsrta%mnrvup

f _|o benp_ dubenpn rvube pn~_n cu_qd zpsrupsn_dbt ndpw_d rndp byx cpsmupn_w _qdCf~
%up _e ~ _cu}_qde " f ube `mn_??? " Pby{bSup"npMf
D
H
%
^`_acbedgf " nli

_sf hi 9in_ rn bpe{? n
Z _ n _|{_qrnoqqb v_q_|dCi p spn~_ n_|{}_qrnoqb v_|_qd2f zpe{ psmu}{}p benp ?
_qrvube pn~?bmnr?oy be prbe pps}cmnpsrvups o{ u oqps_pe{}ubervup rbe pps}}mnlpsrvups_'u}{_|dps_qdf
rn_qdg_qdi
^`mpsr bedps`mn_Zb spe{b~Pupsd_ ybepe{}_qrnpoqpsrta%mnrvupw " nl i
v
oqpsrta%mnrvup _Z _qo benpw_ d ubenp _e ~ oqby{bed_qrvu_e~ oqpsrvu rm b pSu_qpe{_|dwbn_ _q_{cu}{becrnps
be}_ sm{bb_cu _qrnoq bSn_Zzpsrups _ù}{_qdps byx }ps mups n_ _|dVw
pe{.pszpsrups _'u}{_|dpsn_S]n_ v_qd _|cuby{._qd " i
v ._
byupn~Pbmnr?oy be p be}cpòqbboqbe bSPby{pe{}n_qr benp}m bSpe{n_qr be b _qruqbe pn
9 &
80
;
7

A3
80
& )
&
E>
E0
9 &
9
7
? ? ?

;

<;

"!
#%&
Pby{bup"np Mw p sp _F qbe ppsrvups n_d rn dp_dbt ndpbyx }ps mupsn_
_|d w peu_`mn__qcu_q psrvups
n_
n }_ smn{by{_qdpsbe smndwbeZoqpsrn}n_{boe ps _q s_qpsd_ u}{oqbe}pexn{_ p__qd pn~`mn_c_|{be pd
pe{cuberu}_q rnps Pby{Pb e{beps}_ smnrvu_q|
psrn}n_|{}_qdps n
_qrvube p n n p spn~nrbe p_Z n oq v_|{"mn_
psmn rn oqpspsrvupspsrnn_ ?_ ? nqbe p Pby{be _qps_ rnpspsrvupsn_ d rndp_d bt dp
_w
&
43
) *
&
-F

&
A3
&
N0
g(0,1)
@ A3
f(x,y)
f=c
-1
g(0,-1)
l ^`_mnd _u}{}_qdpFbyx }psmu}pn_ pò|pe{}{__qd f f~_qrvube pn~ubedx_q d _S mnd

_ù}{_qd]p pòqben_ p spn~mnd _ù}{_qdpMbyx }psmup "mn_rbe p }_acb mnd _ù}{_qdpMp"obe ~rn_qo|_q
by{bed_qvr u__qcuPbF r b f pe{}ubervupn~Pby{bn_|u}_|{d r by{Zmnd _ù}{_qdpbyx }ps mupn~n{d_q {bed_qru}_
n_|u_{dr bedpsps_ù}{_qdps pòqbe _e~_|rube pn~zoqpsdPby{bedpsp dwbepe{ _pFd_qrnpe{ n_q}c_q ybepe{}_q
oqpsdgps ybepe{_| n_beppsr sp b f P n n

A3
#3
'P " l
%
^`_acbjfh ikP i mndwbFmnr?oy be p n_ rn bzpe{?
S * F n~psrnn_
f
f _ _qo benp _ dubenp _oqpsru rm b p spn~yu_qdzpsrupsn_d bt dpsz_n_d rndpsbyx }psmups|
psrvupso{ u oqps n__|dgf f
* X
-

'
'
E>

%
&
)
A3
(
% *n _ p nm rnoqp psrvup o|{ u oqpMn_ _ *n f pe{}uberupn~pspsrvupsn_d bt dp_

d rndpn_qbe pbyur s npsr b f

f ! "#" " " ~zpsrnn_$ . * qbe pwps
benps np{_u ber smnpf

8M #3
#3
#%&
c}
Zz .

L3
A
L4
L2
L1
n ? n M ~_n{}_q}b {_qcu}{} ubb d_qrnpe{ ebe pe{n_ _

byu r snpw_qd @w_ p dwbepe{ ybepe{ n_ _qd
pe{}ubervupn~ vw_ zpsrupwn_d rndpn_
_ _. psrvupn_d bt n dpn_ ~ `m bernnpS{_qcuc{ ubb
?
~ {_|n{_|}_qrvub j{_qcu}{} ubb _w zpsrupn_
d rndpn_ {_q%u}{ ubb
r bep vbed_qru}_e~e{_qcuc{ ubb " _ u_|dzpsru}psn_dbt ndp v_ z{_q%_qo|u} ybed_qrvu_
_ psrvups n_d rndp v_F v {_|c_qou ybed_qrvu_e.?v ~ ? v ~?
_?

#3

"
&
-
C0

A3

'
?

~ v
~
~
~ v
n_psrnoq_qmndqbe fpn _S ybe_pe{_Z d byubtnr sd np pnrn_pzps_qdru}pf _ v __ byur s nprnpSpsrvup _p ebe pe{d rndp
l d_| up"npw`mn__qcu}mn by{_qdps.b}_ smn { _ n_ `npFb b e{ber s__ n{pepe{o|psr b

mndwb oqpsrnn%oe be prn_qoq_q}nby { bPby{bb_n cu _qrnoqbn_ zpsru}ps_u}{}_qdps }mta%_| upsSbmndwb{_q%u}{coy be pn
be zpsrups _ù}{_qdps qbe pn ups oqpsrnno|psr benpsq

#3
#3
E3
E0
#3

"!
FD ED 4 J 5 T T T U 4 \ N|[M\N Q T
J.U J
SLJ
#%&'&
rvu_q n_byn{_q}_|ruby{ pd_ up`npn~n_nbedrn_|dpsp}_ smnrvu___qd pn

E3
%
._|u_|{}drn_ps zpsru}ps _ù}{_qdps n_ ?
ube "mn_
psrn}n_|{}_ bmnr?oy be p w _po|psrta%mnrupwn_r v_| |% _|{pn_
& *
J
(")"
?
0
" nl i w v
oqpsrta%mnrvupn_Sr v_qg_
mndwbw{_|ub Pbe}bernnpzpe{w% v_ oqm{ ybeZn_r v_q n_
]qbe p
H by{b wqbe pwos {}oqmnps oqpsrno _qruc{oqps|.m bervup d_qrnpe{.bn cu bernoqb_qrvu}{_
beoq {}oqmnrn_|{ _qrno| be_Fbpe{ s_|d ~?d_qrnpe{}_{Pb p ybepe{n_ ._qc_acbedps_qrnoqpsrvu}{by{pspsrvups
_ù}{_qdps n_? n"m bernnp n ~Ppsm }_ acb~zn_ v_qdps n_|u_{dr by{ `m beboq{oqmnrn_|{ _qrnoq b
`mn_rvu_|{}}_qo|ubernnp_|cuPb bSd_qrnpe{ncu bernoq bS bpe{ s_|d

0

;
9 &
0
43
&
8M
B0
0
&
E0
43
x }_|{ ybernnppn_qc_qr np v_qdps `mn_bZo| {oqmnrn_{ _qrnoqb"mn_ uber s_qrnoq bZb{_ub _ bZ`mn_ _qcu bZ dwbe
n{Ppy dwb bpe{ s_qd ppsrvupn_Fuber _qrnoq b~lp v_|upe{Srnpe{dwbe b oq{oqmnrn_|{ _qrnoq b _F ubedx_q d
rnpe{dwbe b. {_|ub
~v p spn~ ? n nn_ v_ }_ d mn u pZn_ n % ~spsmc_acb~
n % ~ i `mn ebe _qru}_qd_qrvu_e
) @

p spn~
{_qcps v_qrnnpp}%u_qdwb _woqpsdp
_
~?pexnu_qdpsbe}psm?oe ps _|q
? n mnr?oe be p?

byu s_ }_qmd_qrnpe{ ebe pe{ }pexn{_Sb{_|ub
rnpzpsru}p _Zbyupn

0
LM
43
#3 M
A3
#3
&
B0
&
E0

&
H

&

G?
@ A3
c}
Zz .

? ? %
*

&

$
DFE I J J
Y NL ]QSO R T T U =W
JZY T U T L N Q N T L T U
`^ _acbed P f h i k z i@mnr?oe ps _q.n_|{}_qrnoqb v_|._ f h i k mnd byx_|{cupn by{bn_u_|{d r by{
ps psrvups _ù}{_qdps n_ {_|cu}{up b oqpsrnncoe be p X~ pe{dbedps boqpsdx r boe be p rn_by{
80
H
?
psrnn_ i psrn} n_|{_qdpsp}cu}_qdwbn_( _q"m boe ps _qq
H
N
1
X
H

X
peu_.`mn_ b e{ber s_ n{p vpsm`mn_bcpsm?oe be pSnpSn{}pex _qdwbM_. pexnu b{_qcps v_qrnnp

pccu_|dwb
^`_ acbed P ?f2hilk@ imnr?oe ps _qn_Foq bec}_
" ._qrnpeu_qdpszpe{ @mnd
oqpsrta%mnrvup n_ r v_q n_ l^`_ u_qd mnd psrvupn_ d bt n dp psmn_ d rndp ]_ ~
_qrvube p_'n%u_ iube"mn_e

@
#3
/0
?
0
? q
F

%F

"!

%rvu_|{cn{_|u_qdpspZu}_qpe{_qdwb_qd i nl^`mzpsr b `mn_n_q}_acbedpsn_|u_|{}dr by{p ybepe{d bt n dp n_
]{_qcuc{ up be .oqm{ ebe.n_r v_| bo bedps ? n c~"mn_{}_|n{_q}_|rub Pby{bwobe b
mndwboqm{ eb n_wr v_qn_F^`_zpe{__qd p? |rvu_|{}}_qo|ubb o|m{ eb n
u}{bern v_|{be d_qrvu_e~ cu}p _e ~ n_dp`npS`mn_y~PmndbSrbe p}_acbSuber s_qru}_ b psmu}{bpsm~ _ c_acbed
r by{d_qrvu_rnn_|z_qrnn_qrvu_qrnpzpsru}pjn_] ru_{}_oe be pn~ _ ps}q v_q v_|{ oqby{ `mn_Pby{b ybepe{}_q
n{Ppy dps n_ be oqm{ ybe n_Zr v_qn_oqpsrvurm bedgrvu_|{}_|o|ubernnp X
L0
#0
NM
'
0
0
(0

&
& %
0
#3
0
0
0
& %
2F
>
&
f(p)
g(p)
p
g(x,y)<0
f=c
f=c 2
f=c 1
g(x,y)=0
vr ube pn~Pn{pòqm{bedpspwdwbe pe{ ube`mn_? n }_acbuber s_qrvu_b n @rmndVpsrvup

zy s' dubezpsru}pbe oqm{ ybe n_.r v_qn_Z _ u_|dbSd_q}dwbZ{}_|ububer s_qrvu_._e~pe{}uberupn~
bd_|}dwbw{_|ubFrnpe{dwbe ~%up_e ~ps v_|u}pe{_q _ n_ v_qdC}_|{ZPby{be_q psrnpzpsru}p ze s
r bep vbed_qru}_.Pby{b
pu_qpe{_|dwbZbervu_|{}pe{~v}_ smn_`mn_ }_ wps}cmnPmnd psrvupZn_d bt dp psmd rn dp._qd Z
_qrvube p ?_Z pe{}u}p spsr beb rnpzpsrup e
v u}_qpe{_qdwbMrnps n %`mn_ Pby{b n_|u_{dr by{ pszpsru}psw_u}{}_qdpsoqpsrnn oqpsr benps n_ v_|dps
{_qcps v_|{p}_ smnrvu_ } cu_qdwbn(_ _q`m boe ps _| (_ rnoqp srnubeq
&
&

0
0
(0
A3
#3
& H
#3
F
E0
&
GF
A3
"
E0
E3
1
1
) ?
t
F
H
^`_( ~nu_qdps * _|`m boe ps _q|

5
%F
A3

c}
Zz .

z

z

&

v

&
&
&
&
z

&
&
r bep vbed_qru}_.Pby{b
*oq psr bennps_|{}_ _q"r?mno _b rn_qpsrvFu}{nm _ u}psdZpsn{perx be p._qdwu_qbedpsn?_o|{d u`bt_| n{dps ps} d_ d _| rnPdby{psb nr be cpu r oqspsmnrn n{lo|ps?psr psbenrvupsps _n_psZd oq psrnrndn p
npsn_d bt n dpn
be bpsrvuppexnu}npz_qpd_|uPps npFn_ b e{ber s_n_ v_}_|{_ bed r benpc_|Pb
{be bed_|ru_y~Pmu} % bernnpps benps npSn{pex _|dwb_ ypsm~Pby{ smnd_qru}ps s_qpsd_| u}{ oqpsq
A3
#3
#3
3
%
_u_|{d rn_Zps psrvups_u}{}_qdps n_? n ube `mn_
u %qbernnppd_| up"npn_ b e{ber s_y~Pn_ v_qdps {_q}ps v_|{p}cu}_qdwb
) ? n
p spn~ ) z n ~ "mn__ _q`mn ebe _qru}_b

v
&
(@
#3
*
%
&
%F

*
@ A3

*
"
!H*
._w _w pexnu_qdps . * q ^`_ ~mu} %bernnp v~Pu}_qdpsq~ }_ ~

u_qdpsq~
n_$v~u_qdps _ pe{psmu}{pbenpn
n
? n
v

p sp qbe pzpsru}psn_ d rndp_ |be ppsrvupsn_d bt n dpn

C
#" 7
'

("
&
@ A3
#5
&

"!
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
-0.25
-0.5
-0.75
-1
-0.5
0.5

_u_|{d rn_Zps psrvups_u}{}_qdps n_? n
ube `mn_
._|u_|{}drn_qdps ps psrvups_u}{}_qdps bmnr?oe be p rnpoqpsrta%mnrvupw_qo benp_Z d ubenpn

&

*
+
^`_
^`_
*
( *
" i n v psrnn_

~ ? n * p spn~ v_Z p nm rnoqppsrvupo|{ u oqpn_
~nzpe{ b e{ber s_e~ n_ v_qdps {_|}ps v_|{ p} cu_qdb
) * n n
;
9 &
F
&
&
@
#3

`mn__Z _|`mn ybe_|ru_Zb

A3
E0

H

*

~ psm
z X
$v X
n_ '~ psm _ n_ psm n_w v ~ _ z~ rbe pp"n_qdg}_|{.bedxps %q_|{}p
p spn~nn_ _w$v_Zn_w _w vpexnu}_qdps ps zpsrups ~ v

H

*
5
A3
!*#
1
~ u}_qdpsq

*
~u_qdpsq
2
?v S
d
#

? n'

&
c}
Zz .

? v ?
_qrvube pv_ psrvupn_Zd rn dp_w qbe pSpsrvups nZ_ d bt n dpn

v ._|u_{drn_pspsrvups_ù}{_qdpsn_? z v

&
^`_acbed
&zv w ,*n

F?&
z v v
F &
v $
._ v_qdps {_qcps v_|{p} cu_qdb

E0
) ? z v v
w ,* X
*F
&
8
psm~ _q`mn ebe _qrvu_qd_qrvu_e~

%F

$ *v

@

Z,* X

ube`mn_
*

'

"!
b&%q_qrnnp $ v_Zmu} %bernnp *~npexnu_qdps

*
@ *
_ * _ ppsrvup_u}{}_qdpn

-
"
* _u_|{d rn_Zps psrvups_u}{}_qdps n_? z v

ube `mn_
&
%
^`_acbed
v
(!H
H
? z v
F
&

E0

& %
&zv

? v

%F v

$v

*

%"
H
dmn u obernnp zpe{ ~ pe{ F_$vpe{ pexnu_qdpsq

c}
Zz .

%'

$

*

%'

%'

}psdwbernnp $ _Zu_qrnnp _qd `cub *~u}_qdps
}mx cu} umn rnnp zpe{ _|d2 _$
X
* XX

1%
%'1

&
8

H
&

H
^`_
X ~ ~ _
^`_ X~ ~ w_ Sp`n_|dgc_|{rmnps beps Pby{_|q
X_ `~
S_ ~
XS_
psrvups_u}{}_qdps n_qbe
p ~ s~ v_ v

#
-

#
)"
2
"
(
#
J
("
#"
z v

%
&
T \|JY U

? z v

&
DFE
(
sp rvup
d bt dp
d rndp
K
J : NY N ]SQ O R T

_up`npspsPby{be _q_ _|nps{_|uber smn by{_qoqmtacb}psdwb beby{}_qcube_ oqpsrncuberu__ sm beb

v~ "m be _ p"mn_u}_qd vpsmnd_d bt n dp
^`_acbed ~ _ be by{_q%ube npjPby{be _q_| _qnp }_|m vpsmnd_ _ w z v
ubeZ"mn_
^`_acb z v
"*
2
#3
43
6
& "*%
J0
&
%

"!
E
) w z v v
F
&
%F
v
psm~ _q`mn ebe _qrvu_qd_qrvu_e

$v
*
P
_ b&|% _qrnnp $v pexnu}_qdps

%
"
&b %q_qrnnp pexnu_qd ps

*~u}_qdps
_

C
)"

'

7
p spn~
A3
7
n_
_ p vpsmnd_.d bt dpn
._|u_{drn_ be nd_qrn|ps _qnpwPby{be_|_| _qnpw{_|uber smn by{ n_ vps mnd_d bt dpSbyxz_qrnnp"mn_
be beoq_qnpPby{be _q_ _|np_qcuqbe prnps bernpso|p`pe{n_qr benps_Zmnd _| {}u oq_z_|{}u_|rnoq_ bepS bernp
H . v' beoqmn _Zp vpsmnd_y
vpsmnd_ _ v
^`_acb z v _qruqbe pn~
w v z v


$ v
*

10

#3
"0
& )%
&
&

%F
&

%"

ber be p vbed_qrvu_e~ b&%q_qrnnpj 9$v~

b&%q_qrnnpj < ~ oqpsdp z V
~lu}_qdps

Xpsrvupn_ d bt n dp_ P tq
u_qdps
"
~
n
*
l
e
p
n
x
}
u
q
_
d
s
p
"
n
m
_
~
_

_e

B

"

A3

c}
Zz .

v _u_|{d rn_bSncu bernoq bSd rn dwb_qruc{_ bS}m_|{} oq _(*
XS_ZpSpsrvup -v'
psdpMbervu_qmu %bedpsSpM"m be{benpM b]n cu bernoqb? z v
-v ^`_acb
v +*
_qrvube pn~
-
$ v . -v @
* *

8M
&
!

& "

? 7
H
*
* z X
z X
. -v @

$ *v
u_qdpsq X_
XS_

H
H
* J 7
* X_ X
n_ * .u_qdps
~?n_$vu_|dps
7 "
-
7
("

p spn~pexnu_qdps ps
^`_ _

psrvups
.^`_ _ * ~n_$v u_qdps - n_ * u _qdps - * p spn~pexnu}_qdps.ps
psrvups - * -
^`_ S_ XSn_w *'~npexnu_qdps XS_ p spn~npexnu_|dppSpsrvup v'

*
5
6
(-
("
?
%6
-

8M
A3
A3
z v
? v
psrup
v
*

*
' * -` -v
H * d rn dp
n cu bernoqbd rndwb_ * P mnrn ben_|n_ d_|n bv ps zpsrups
n_d rndpn
&
A3

*n q be p

"!
'&
*ps.^`_.psrvb upsu_qZd_|d _|{`bymnu}_m{bFb u}_qpedxn{_ _|mn{bydwu}mb {_|b}__|{dwbben _ {xPbebep nbF _ _S psbe zb pszru}peps{ Z_qd "mn v_ b u_qdz_|{byu~mn{_bu_|_ {ddw bern _
be ub
^`_acb z v
_|rube pn~

$ v
*
b&%q_qrnnp _Z}mx cuumnrnnp_qd< v~npexnu_qdps X_ Xpsm

^`_ ~n_ _ u_|dps
~p `mn_M_ dps}q v_q~zpsm n_ v~pexnu_qdps
@ F_n_w *~ p spn~ _ qbe pSpsrvups _'u}{_|dpsq
?^`_ ~vn_ _ u_qdps _n_Z$ v~ n_ *~spexnu_qdps

_ p sp qbe pzpsru}ps_ù}{_qdpsq
z v
z v _|d_|{byum{b

d bt dwb
v
d rn dwb

& !H*#*<
:
&"*

C
C
#"

2
0
B
G
A3
-
(
*

:
!'
)
2
7
J"
A3
&
&
P~ X
v_Z
be bSzpe{ z v
~
^`_ bn_|rn} ben_ r b beob
n_|u_{drn_pszpsru}ps b beobpsrnn_bn_qrnc ben__ d bt n dwb _d rndb
^`_acb z v
Z P
v
v

$ v
*

dmn u obernnp zpe{ ~ pe{ z~$ vpe{ _cpsdwbernnpn~u_qdps|

psrnn_e~Pr bmn udwb sm be ben_mu %bedpsZ * }mx cuumnrnnp zpe{ rnp} cu_qdb~npexnu_qdpsq
"%
*
&
&
*

%
%
&
%
%'
&
*

%
7
%

& %
c}
Zz .

S. vv
$v n
sm be bernnp b pexnu_qdps _ sm bebernnp b$v pexnu_|dps
p sp
_Zps zpsru}ps _ù}{_qdps qbe pn

n_w *u}_qdps

B

&
H "

43
1

z v
` e
% ` e
;

A3 G
7
._qrn} ben_
dbt ndb
d rn dwb
&
z v
&
;
7
;
;
._|u_|{}drn_ b _q"m boe be pnp_| nps n_ `mn_Pbecbz_qpzpsrup v._

u_qdd_|rnpe{ vps mnd_e
peu_"mn_be rnop srnube qbe
p ~ _ HZ^`_acb ? Hq * p vps mnd_ np _q ps n_y
psdppSpsrvup v_|{}u}_qrnoq_ bS }m_{ oq _e
*

2
#
A3
<
G0

p spn~no|psrn}n_|{bedps P tq * _qruqbe pn~
* @

* @ -

$v * @ -

*
*
b&%q_qrnnp S_ oqpsdp <~pexnu_qdps`mn_ * b&%q_|rnnp $v~pexnu_qdps
* p spn~ _n_w * ~ _(
b_|`m boe be pnp_q ps n__e

A3
A3

#

!

G
7

<

G
7

"!
#'#
dgn_|ps }upwoq rn{ oqpwn_boq pw_qo benp n_ v_oqpsrvu_|{ uc{psn_ mnd mnnpn ._|u}_|{d rn_be
nd_qrnqps _qnpn_|ps c upn_wdp"np `mn_ b "m beru ben_wn_wdwbyu_|{} belmnbe b_qd2}m boqpsrn%u}{m?oe be p
}_acbd rn dwb
^`_acbed _ pZ{bep_bbeum{bnpoq rn{}pn~{_|c_qou ybed_qrvu_e ._ v_qdpsld rnd %by{lbMby {_qbupeube
npo| rn{pn~ rnoq mnrnnpwbe ubedPbe? n
z~n}_qrnnp
._qrnpeu_pe{ n ~ ? n * _ '
} cu_qdwb _e

v
._ ~ X._ p spn~en_Z '~ psm}_acb~vb.beum{b_ sm be`bep n bed_u}{p b

xPbe}_ n_ $ v pexnu}_qdpsq _ ~z"mn_qbe p be oqp`pe{n_|r be benppsrvupn_ d rndp
zpe{ "mn_ H? ?
-v d pn_oqpexn{_n_oqpsdn{d_|rup ~n_ v_}_|{ n nnpF_qd Pby{}u_qube`mn_pn{p"nmup
nps o|psdn{d_qru}ps be Pby{}u_| }_acbd bt n dpn
^`_ ~ _ qbe ppsZoqpsdn{ d_qrvupsZ bePby{}u_q|~_qrvube p n_ v_qdpsZdwbtd %by{Z? z v
ube"mn_
}cu}_qdwb _e

$ *v
_ p
&b %q_qrnnp g _ g$ v~pexnu}_qdps
n_ *
psrvupn_d bt dp_ ?
v _u_|{d rn_pslpsrvups boqm{ yb
dbelbebecubenps_psdwbe?n{Ppy dps bpe{ s_qd
u %qbedps p"m be{benp bn cu bernoqb bpe{ s_qdbepzpsrupM nZ? n
~}_qrnnp
^`_acb n
ccu_|dwb _y

v
E0
&
&
!
E0
&
%H

*"

N
!!"
N
&

%

"
8
H
#
H
A3
"
7
43
2G
H
>

E0
1
E0
("*
&
2
%

%
"

* *
6
5
7
6
5
7
H
0 (
5
8M
&
&
*
"
*
&

#
c}
Zz .

$v
*
H
^`_ ~n_$v pexnu}_qdps __qd< ~ }_ ~ n_ $vpexnu_qdps _ _|d

~ ps psrvups |be p v_ ^`_ X ~ p} cu_qdwb ob
X
$ v X
&b %q_qrnnp ~ X~ X S_ n_$ v pexnu}_qdpsq
!"
#" #" #" #" !" _ !" #"

n
?
psrup
v
d rn dp

d rn dp
!"
!"
d bt n dp
!"
#"
d bt n dp
!"
!"
d bt n dp
!"
#"
d bt n dp
25
C1
-
(
&

>

*
2"
C5
H
21

7
-
&

0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-1

"!
#
l d_| u}p`np n_ b e{ber s_rbe p] _ {_qcu}{} upb nm bepsmuc{ _q yby{b v_|q d_| up"np
p n_|_qrnn_n_mndwbSmnr?oe be p_mndwbS{_|cu}{%oe be pn p`mn_dpscu}{by{ bS p_n_qd pb}_ smn{
v _u_|{d rn_Zp ebe pe{ d bt n dp bS{be %Zr _q }dbn_mndn{p"nmupn_Zr r nm d_|{ps psc u vps ube
`mn_Zbcpsdwbnps r nm d_|{ps}_acbo|psrncubervu_e psrnoq m b`mn_
k c

"
k
"
^`_acbed " k ~ psrnn_e~ ?Pby{bSup"np ?~_
@
#3
LM '0
80
"0
B
&

? " k
ubeP`mn_e "

P _|rnpeubernnp pe{ "
k P~
_qrvube pn~ ' k
Fbe oqmn p]np e{ben_qrvu_Fn_^`_n_|rnpeubedps? psrnn_ " k ~
_qrvube pn

63

l }
1

" l !"} " k

Pby{bSrbe p_q}o{_ v_|{ n_|dwbeq~nn_|rnpeu_Zzpe{ +l } p} cu_qdb e_
k j

" k j
$v
" k

F
" k k j
" k k !"

"
k
b&%q_qrnnp V '~u_|dps
n_ V$v ~
be}cd ~_qd s_|{be~ sm be bernnpbe
_q"m boe ps _qZ " oqpsd " ~pexnu}_qdps " _ "
k

mnbernnpwbS_q`m boy be p u_qdpsq

H

E0

H
"
)

1
7

1
%

A
k

%

43

<
#
c}
Zz .

_ ? ` mn__Z p ebe pe{ d bt dpn dPby{}u oqmn by{~
??
pe{psmu}{p benpn~ k pe{}ubervupn~ " k k c
"
"
l ^`_acb mndoqpsrta%mnrvupwn_Zr v_qn_ rn nppe{
" "

9_y ~ _|d s_|{be~ ru}_|{}_oy be p n_}mz_|{ oq_q| u_qpe{_|dwbp"n_}_|{ s_qrn_{be %benp b c_ smnrvu_
pe{dwb
^`_Su_qd mndVpsrvupwn_d bt dpSpsmd rndp_qdV c~PPby{bup`np }~_qrvube pn~n_ v_|d _n cu{
oqpsrncuberu_| " ~ ube `mn_y
? " "
? " "
" "

%
._|u_|{drn_ pzpsru}pZ b.rvu_|{c_oe be pnps bernps
_
dwben{ py ndp
bpe{} s_qd
^`_acbedV? z v
~ " z v
Z _ z v Z
u_qdpsq

"0

0

E>

H
-3
E0
E0
H
N

N

N

H

-
8
-
43
&

&

* *
&
8
*

"!

"

""
$v

*

b&%q_qrnnp $vpexnu_qdps|~nmnbernnp *_w '~np}_ smn ru}_} cu_qdwb
) "
" -
p sp +*_
" @ s _ ~ _ @ @n cu bernoqb _e

2
"
8"

?

"
:

A3
(
"

2
8M
#c$
c}
Zz .

+
N._|u}_|{d rn_Zps
psrvupso{ u oqps n_e

n*
"

- ,*
v *
*

*

z

-v
,*
w z
v
v
H p v
v
*

._|u}_|{d rn_Z}_bpe{ s_qd _ zpsru}pn_d rndpn~"n_d bt dppsm}_qbn_e
*

v @

*

+* * H
z
,*

-v

v
z
v @

&
%
%

?

8
&
&#

?
A3
%%

&

!H*#

>
"**

*
s
*
! bec} "mn_ps psrvups o|{ u oqpsn_y
"
y
v q , *
*

*

*#
8!

C

N

*

A
*
8!
A

* ?
?

* - w * z

8
!E

8
*
"* *
A

"!

-v z
v
,* * v
z

s w X v
H w
v
* ,*
t

-v *
v
w
v
l
` - *
s X
v w *

`

l n w
* ._|u}_|{d rn_b{_|ubS`mn_d_q npe{ }_bya%mn%ubbeps }_ smn ru_| psrvupsq
*n . v'~ _w v'
*n . v'~ * ~ ~ _w *'
*n v.% *~% ~ '~ v~ *n _$
*n *.% *~% ~% ~ v~ ~ v~ *n _w$
"

A ?"

&

*

*

%

:%
&

&

*
?

%%

*
?
8
!E *
*

% *
& *
&"

%
N

beoqmn _Zps psrvups n_

dben{Ppy n dps bpe{ s_qd
c_(* *
._|u_{drn_ps ybepe{}_q_'u}{_|dps n_
,* XbepSpsrvup |
v ._|u_{drn_Zbd_qrnpe{ n cu bernoqbn_
_|npS{_|u ber smn pn_Zd_qrnpe{z_|{ d_|u}{pS_n_Mby {_b t
* ._|u_{drn_Zbe n d_qrnqps
_u_|{d rn_ p ebe pe{ d bt n dpnpn{}p`nmupSn_u}{ _qrmnd_|{}ps zps} u} vpsube `mn_
'
_ * * X_pSpsrvup -v
._|u_{drn_Zbn cu bernoqbd rndwb_qrvu}{

"

8M

H
&
E,
8M #3
"
A
.
8M
A"
H 2

A
:2
%
%<
c}
Zz .

uc{ ber smn pqbe p v~ _ v~ n_|u_|{}drn_p zpsru}p np
^`_ps _| {}u}oq_qFn_mnd
u}{ ber smnpube`mn_Zb}psdbSnps`m be{benps ben cu bernoqbebeps _| {}u}oq_q }_acbd rn dwb
_qnpPby{be_q _| z_qnpn_ vps mnd_d bt dpn~oqpsd<benps Pby{be_q ps
-v _u_|{d rn_ bend_|rnqps
beps _qpsoqp"pe{n_qr benpsq~Prnco|{ u}prnp_| nps n_e
o n_b_q`m boe be pnp bernpS`mn_ Pbe}bpe{Z l_.pe{dwboqpsdps bernps oqp"pe{n_qr benps p
v
u_|uc{be_q{pn_ vpsmnd_d rndpn
v dwb xps bn_ v_u_{lb.pe{}dwbn_ mnd oq rn{p u_{dr benp _|d nps?oqpsrn_q sm be?_n_ d_q}db
xPbe}_`mn_p oq rn{}pn ._|u_{drn_be.n d_qrnqps _q npFoq rn{}pF_nps.oqpsrn_q.Pby{bw`mn_p dwbyu_{ be
_qdn{}_ vbenp}_ acbd rn dpn
b S_ oqpsdn{ d_qrvup t
s dwbobe b n_ v_ }_|{ o|psrncu}{m bo|psd mndwbps bn_ boq pn~n_ by{ sm{
^`_ b}_oy be p bobe b _ mndguc{by_ %q pnps }oq_q _qq~ `m ben_ v_}_|{b by{ sm{bS bxPbe}__Zb rnoq r boe be p
be beo|_qPby{bS`mn_Z}m bobyPbeo| ben_c_acbd bt n dwb
prmndnp`_qrvu_.n_ d e{bedwben_.mnd {}_qd_q n pSf_ d e{bedwbeln_.mnd
H l dwbby oboe be
d_qn obed_qrvupCp"obe} psr bmndwb {_|cpscub n
$ n~ $ v mn_
`m bervu ben_n_oqbe bS{_qd_q np by{Pb bSd_q npe{ {_|cpscub

G0
M #3
M #3
8M

(0
0
-0

E0
(
E0
3
E0
%
3
43
%
&

.

N._|u}_|{d rn_Zps
psrvups_'u}{_|dps n_e
,* X
ube `mn_
ube "mn_ w

X
v +* ube `mn_
ube `mn_ *
*
ube `mn_
*n

v ube "mn_

ube `mn_

oboy ps _qq
beppsrvup q~ .
._|u_{drn_Zbd_qrnpe{ n cu bernoqbn_

6!

!H

(
!
*
&"*

#
"*

H

#
H"
"

"
? *

*

H
* *
8M
("

"!
#%&
._|u_{drn_pdbepe{ _Zpd_qrnpe{ ebe pe{ n_ ube`mn_
~ _ ps}u vpsq
ube"mn_
v ._|u_{drn_pdbepe{ _Zpd_qrnpe{ ebe pe{ n_
* ._|u_{drn_pdbepe{ ebe pe{ n_ ube`mn_ l ~ S l
._|u_|{}drn_Zps ybepe{_qd bt n dps_d rndps n_ ? z v
c_
_
-v?^`_ acb ` ._|u}_|{d rn_ pd bt dp_ d rndp n_ ube`mn_ ~

w_ rbe prn_ vbyu vpsq
v ._Zu}p`nps ps u}{} ber smnps n_Zz_|{ d_|u}{p npn~ n_|u}_|{d rn_Zpn_dwbe pe{by {_b
._|u}_|{d rn_Zp ebe pe{ d bt dpn_y
? z v
ube"mn_
_o|psrnoqm b"mn_e

C0

C0
! *

0
?
2
E3
N
C N- N
M #3
(
& )

#
&
*"

("
*

( *
#G -
>
"0
&

! *
&"*
&
v ? z v
&
ube"mn_

ube`mn_

"*%
&

'
_Zoqpsrno|m b"mn_e

"

v~ _ zps} u} vps oqpsrno|m b"mn_e

*
%
* ^`_bSu_|d_|{byum{b_|dg"m

? z v
<

2

be"mn_|{zpsru}p z vnp_|cPboq p_ be bpe{q

&
z v s
n_|u_{drn_ZbSu}_qd_{byum{bSd bt n dwb _bu_qdz_|{byum{bd rndwb }pexn{}_
*n
._|u_|{drn_ pzpsrup r bw_q }_
*ube"mn_b
_ pwpsrvup
r b{_|ub
n%u bernoq bSn_ b
}_acbbd_qrnpe{ psc v_q
_u_|{d rn_ps?psrvups?dwbe bebe%ubenps b.pe{} s_qd@ube?`mn_
*
*._
._qrvu}{_Zup`nps ps uc{ ber smn psn_]by {_b n_u_|{d rn_Zp`mn_.u_qdgpz_|{ d_|u}{pSd_qrnpe{

&
( *

8M
1
G
0

N

43
M #3

G

'
G2
c}
Zz .

- ._|u_|{drn_Sbe nd_|rnqps _q.npwPby{be_q _| z_qnp {_|uber smnby{.n_by {}_bupeube o|mtacbn b spsr be
}_acbd rn dwb
._|u}_|{d rn_bend_qrn|ps _qnpoq rn{pn_Zdwbe pe{ vpsmnd_.rnco|{ u}prmndwb_qc_|{bn_.{bep
._qrvu}{_up`npsFps u}{ ber smn psw{_|u ber smn psn_ by {_b n_|u_|{drn_p`mn_u_qd npeu_qrmnb
d rndwb
_u_|{d rn_ pdwbe pe{n{p`nmu}p]`mn_wzp`n_qd9u_|{ r nm d_|{pspsc u vps}_b}psdwbX_ P~
ws

#3
N
0
M #3
8M #3

"!
' ( ) -*+ , . /10
#$#&%
2 +
354 687:9 ;=< >@?BA< C D F E GH6I35JBGK<

LNMPO 35QSRUT-VSWYXZ[ ? ]X A \ ^ _a`cbdX e5\gfWYT ;hTRXji QaVH_kbd\Se
lnmoqp rtsKuwvyxzmd{}p| ~x md~x-xzr:$}x~mdzmx&}&&
jm v &&jpz{ x mmgxzmx~{mdzpxg$5mPzmqm {pmd~{m
{p"m
Kg}
-S
Yc Y
PYc
d
yj+1
yj
Rij
c
a
xi
x i+1
x~}o~{xj vma m~xS~pxpz{ p xmkrmxzm 5pnpy p xzm p v

zmd{p| ~xr-jK$qmoqpHr-Spzq{z p zxZB&P
x~mdzm]ar=uHpj~5 p x{ppN@q{x m mq{m u{pnm5@pzp
{x"xa@YarUqxHp
#$##
k yq
- kyt
y

5 $&j

x~m]N c mj m {p!"#%$$m kxzmrg

& (')$+*,..- /10 Hp~5 p x wr u {pp m2
3$45(678 9#:jxzmr m <; >=
mq{m5~mdm~m~{mpam x@?pamar- Hm p pz{ p xYmd1{p pxm~x{px mdq{m
{mxz&
AA5B
5@-
nm m md~x~pxC3$45#6%7DE:CFG):Hm qxzmrj
I #%7D# % Jx"part u x~{ K ~"p m ~{mz p m
zxPpgm{m{mxzmHp]xnmmdzq{pm=M L
LNMON
PRQ
VQ
QOS
[ XTk\ 9 T-\CU T E RUW Q [ \ T X 3QRUT-VgWwXjb^ _`ZbdX
lnm m x~{ ~"pam 5@WVBpzp{x"x@]rg5p m${m| ~ p p ~{mzpY pam

xzmS r {m1K h~ px mx m {z x zm{x x~qmdzpSx x x x2X s uEY md~x
xz
X
"@ Zwu
YE[
K P H g\Zj5 $

"!
#$#
X m] m ?px m{pxmzxzSm~{mmxz p x mZH 5@~mdzxzmd~{m]xzrBm
p{mdzpSm~{mmx p~xktkt} tPlnmm~x{pxyxzH XxHxSm
mX:m~{ p x
H X
A.A B
5@
m p{xym x@?m~xK xxxx~{xx~mZp{~mm p} xcxzmr-@xHr m

m ?pxS{pxHmS m x~{ K ~"pm~{ p x 5 ]c j m x xm]xpzpmmd K mx
mpqmr-mp{zp5$&

S 5 Pj

m xSxm-xg x x z ~ z{xHp X
~pxpSm~{mHm& m xx~{xZx~m p{~m m K ~xaxzmr-Z@xr m m ?px
{pxjm m x~{ K ~pm~{ p x

5 & ]
j

m xxmx x x~ z{xmd X xx m ~{mdz p mx {mpUxHpUm

ymHp~~
m ~mm~m pSm x@?pgm m&
<;W = ;W = S AA B 5@-
:x{zpUpp"zp x xmUxY xx ~ z{x m z ~ z{xYpWX {md~mIpxmSx
{m 5xz{p~{x m zpx p m ?pHpz m q{mS{m mxm-mX:
#$#
k yq
- kyt
y
(7 9 )E, * - # /
xPpm~{m~x{pxy"m m x K mx{zpz zxzxpm~{m"m x~ pxHmx dm {z x

pg~{mzp pS~mdmd~m pSm x@?pgpjpz{q p xgmx x~{xy m&

"!
#$#
~{mdzp"p{mzxzmpmdUp~ p xpp p~{mzpp5~5 x m5mHp pz p m
7 G5 ,.* E- /
C3$(E7D3E 3$45(67 %:2FG):H
n]lnmm p x~5 x m~{mdz p mxzmgrg
m~{ p xgpzpg{xnx wu m ~{mz p mxzmrgm

AEAB
A.AB
5@@-j

5@-
AAB
@-

lnm]km p xg~{mz p mqxzmr m Y5@npzpj{x"x @wrgm~{ p x

AA B
A.A B
@-j

5@-
lnmr m- xjmSzm{p| ~x m m- ~{mz p mxzm ppgr-&jmd~{ p xS

m ~{mz p mxzm m
A.AB
5@-

AA5B"! 5@-
lnm$#jr m p p zm&pSmrgm~{ p x
AA B
-j%#jr$
moqpgxgmmgxP
ln(m '5@w)' v pzpj{xnxa w rgmd~{ p x
&
*#jr
AA B
5@-)' v #j@r
zxPpgmdm zm{pm~{mpmd~ x m
'
#$#
k yq
- kyt
y
LNM 35QSRUT-VSWYX Q e 3 RUT-WwXTkX]e
0 Hp]~{mzp{mdzppjm]xzmr m Hp~{mzpxj{x
A
A 5@

Upzp p p} pKpSx m p pSxapK~{mzp A 5@ xx~{mzpmHp

pz p mym xzmd{px m Hpc~5 p xmk"m ma ~xPpm~{m~{mzppm x
{m m~{mdzp p x-m
mnzm p x A A 5@ m p ppgmxzHpjp~ p xp

#G :" /
p m A v DA Y
v
A Y v j v A Y j vv
Y UL v

m A v A Y v N A v L v N

P
p m A A @

A @

& @
& @
m A DA @ j A & @] L

A
A
p m @ v v

v

A @ v v Y v
v

v
#

v

m A A @ v v j A v j
v
v
v

v

A D A
A A
p m

"!
&

#$#
& v

&

KP
A
P

& N
&

A

A
c v a
p m

A c t c v
v

A
A
A
m
v aj v

lnmoqppg~5 p
x && umd~pgxz&
A
5@5
m
m [ -
~{ p x

j
!

j
A
wj
qm a
q m [
x x a
xx
A
5xzx{zxSpx
5
@
~

p
g
x

{

m
d
m

{
g
x
n

p
x
j
A A a

"
#$#
k yq
- kyt
y
~ p xSm${m mdzp~ppjpzp~{mpjmq{&m| ~ pSp ~{mzp{mdzppd
LNM 6KT\gWwT)U X TT a_af Q Q Q
m~{m{mxzmHp ~pm~{pzmp x~pp~{mdzp p x pY~{mdzpU{mdzppx"m
p {pz pj qm p x
I #%7D# F "$ 5/]lnm oqpHr u x~{ K ~pSxzmrg ~{ p x
AA B
5@
A
A 5@j A
A

YzxPp & m oqpjxpm| ~ m
5@
0 Hp
(7 9),.* E- /
qp p p xmx md {z pNx {mdxzmHpm~YxnmSqmdz]m{pp~xxz~ K x m

ppmdz
px8 xxnm-m~x{pxwxz
#j@wp pzm&p]p]m pxj{zp~qmdzppxj xx
mppcHpq{p| ~ pm p~xm zmdmdz&m| ~ p xxm x x x ma px xz
A #jx~mmS px pq{p| ~ p ~HpHmj p}Hp pxN p~xNmgzmdmdz&m| ~ p

lnm m- Hp]~5 p x x~{ K ~"pjm5@% V jmd {xnxjrgmd~{ p x AA B 5@-]zmdzmdm~{pSx
xSmxS x Cx X:
X " Zwu Y [ a P H j\
Zg5@

"!
#$#
lnm ~{mdzm {pSxx] x x xz Bp~x]pzpmxpx p~x] Zjp p q{p| ~ p p]xzm
x{mSxSHpZqm p x p~pZ"m{m xx p zm&p #jH A 5 5mxZz~ K xm

ppmdzxjxm {x{px x x m
AA B
5@-
A #j@
A A
5
~pxpSm~{mmw~{mdzm {pxx x xyxz p~xpzpmx pxy p~xyZ pyHpq{p| ~ p

kpxzmdhx{mdxpm p x p~pm p zmp #j A 5@ZmSmdxz~ K x m

ppmdz
AAB

#G :" /
p m AA B
5 -
A

j
#
A

A

5@ a
-x~mr }
A.A B
-j
A D A

A
d -
~ mdz pm~{mkp~{mzpp A.AB - xzzmqx~mp p zm&pmr1xpxxmax

pzpmmd K mxSmpmr m p{zp
AA B 5 -x~mr Pm5@5 x~q{p~{mx{p
p m
AA B
5@-
A.A B
- j# r5nd
x~m p {HpppmmnzmpgxgxSmxjpzpmdmd K mxmpmr mp{zp

p m AAB v -x~mr &&
A.AB
A
@ v -] @ v
v Y

A

A j

A
#
k yq
- kyt
y
~ mdzx zmdzmm~{p]xxSmx x x{pxmdzxzm~{mymdx z p x p~5 p x
5@(v-mmx p~x xnxzm~px q@w&&
x
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
0.8
0.6
z
0.4
0.2
10
0.75
0.5
0.25
v -x~mr &

A.A B v -j A Y DA v j P A Y v j yKPd KP$

AA B & @ -x~mr

p m

p m
AA B

-] A v A & @ j A v ]

p m]x xm x xxH{pxmzxzSm~{mxz ZI m]~mdzxzm~{m mdx
zmd{}p| ~xSm~xSxz K m H
AA5B

0.8
0.6
z
0.4
0
0.2
0.25
0.5
00
0.25
0.75
0.5
y
0.75
1
xxHmq{ p{pxgqmdzxzm~{mmxp~x jZ ym]~mzxzSm~{mmdxzmd{}p| ~x

r &&m~{ p xxgxSm m

"!
#%
A

A
A
A
A
B

c-] j
p mxxm-xS x xj{px xz Z v vmmx p~x NN j

mS
1
0.8
0.6
z
0.4
0
0.2
0.25
0.5
00
0.25
0.75
0.5
0.75
r & xm m
A Y

A
A
A
A
B

v v - @ v v a] v t
-~pmmxm
p mxxm xZ xxk{pxxzZ= vHmmx p~x=
j mjt
1
0.8
0.6
z
0.4
-1
-0.5
0.2
0
0
-1
0.5
-0.5
0
0.5
y
r && xm m
A.A B v A A c v j

c v

#d#
k yq
- kyt
y
LNM M}O 7NRUTQae ]X A \ kT \ 6KT-\SWYT)U X kT T a _f Q Q

Q
~{m5mmq{pz p~{mzp" pmzm x mHpmdzpm~"~ pzmSx5Hpm~mdzmzp &p p x

xg{mxzmHp
lnmoqp # s rgr }
& (')$+*,..- /t x~}o~{x)# s r={md x~{m x~"xKmZm${m ~ mdzx~{xm
zmd{p| ~xr-5srgY{p"m # s rj Nr v rr-m
< ; > =
r-
x~mN r-$ m p p zm&pjmr-q

#G :" /
P lnm$#& v &
U rj ' $ x~}o~{x # {m x~{m xH~x
0{ p~xgHppz{ p xgmxzm Zmr xxSp~{md{mx r$}
5w xx ppjx~{xgxnmmdq{pz~xS p} xmnp{qzxSzmd{p| ~xvm~{ p x

g r$ L ':Y v c

" xx
< ; > =
r-}
r{m x~{m xS~"x

d
yj+1
yj
Rij
c
a
xi
x i+1
x~{xmrmq{ p xq{zxgm L SL zmd{p| ~xyr-

"!
#
j r- L LY v -

5
L w

x " x x

< ; >=
r-
(7 9),.
* E- / x K mzxPpznmx z p xmjp ~5 p x x ~{ K ~pN$5 u
{ m x~{m xH~x
/ nl m"r u m pg~5 p xH{ppjmx x~}o~{xHx~m m m x~{ K ~"p

{ m x~{m xH~xm~{ p x m ~{m zp mdxzmrj
I #%7D#
YzxPp & m oqp L~pgxzpp

#
k yq
- kyt
y
LNM 35QSRUT-VSWYXZ[ ? X]A \ ^ _a`cbdX e5\gfWYT ;h-T V Q \gA Te U X Q e 9 T-WwX Q e
LNM M}O ;hT-V Q \gA T-e 7bd)T U TQSRUX]WYTe
x]{ &px pzp mq{m~n
md~zmxw{z&m| w{xwmdqm pmy x~}o~{x x p~x"nmmz p
mdzyx x~ md{xgm~{mzppSxzmzmd{p| ~xypzm x mp mdzp

(6 %- #\ 4HG / m Hpzm p xgm{
x mxnmmdzmd z{pjxz&
8"@ u v [ K P P@H @
v
m~x H u=@S j~5 x m x~{ K ~p{pSnm P@ v @pzpZ{x"x
$
m pzmd p xSm{x
mxnmmdzym z{pgxz&
8" wu v [ -H PwK @$
v
m~x5 P u= ~5 x m x~{ K ~p{pSnm &
v pzpc{x"x
H}
(6 %- #\ 4HG /
(6 %- #! 4HG
m{x xm{x

(7 9),E* - # /
#G :" /

" !
#
/ m HpSzmd p xm {x
m x"m mdz-m z{p xxSzm p x

zm x mdm{x $ x p x ?pHppmdmmd~{pzm

zm x m mmSm~{pzm p xm ?ppm{ppd
P zm p xg{pp mp zqpjv-mj!LUcv xnmqmdzm z{p xxgm{x $
~{mdzm p xp zqp m ppgm pjx5 p xSxSqq{mdHp
jv

j LUHZ v
xS"px{mx5Njm xx "@wu v [ K v H LHc v
4
lnmoqppjzm p x {pp]m p m~{m zpY v ZNm v

zm p xx"m-mdzm z{pjxz 8"@wu v.[ KH v a v m
Hp]zm p xSm{x $

0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
#
k yq
- kyt
y
zm p x S{ppmp zm{p mYmdxmx x"xzm~px~xyzSmzx npzp~{m

x"mmzym z{p xxjm{x $ 8"@wu v<[ H a
2
mdzm "mmdq{pjzm p x m m-{x $

L zm p x h{ppjm p zp- ]m v xnmmdz-md z{p xxm
{x

~{mdzm p xp zqp m ppgm pjx5 p xSxSqq{mdHp
jH

v
x np"x{mxdNm xx 8"@ uwv [ H L v Ka "
3
2
1
1
lnmoqp pzm p xS{pp]m p zpg v v m{pjzmd p x m xS{x $ m p{x

m{x $ "@Yuwv [ K P@U Z v H v @U c v

"!
mw{x $ "@Y uwv [ gHP5 Z v K
v U
LNM M N 7NRUTQae X]A \ TkX 35QSRUT-VSWYXjbK^ _a`ZbdX

#
c v
nl moqp Hpgzmd p xHmmm~{pz{pnm srjx~m]r m zmd{ p ~xHm] uHp

~5 p x x~{ K ~"p xxj{pp$ m~px rt uxz&
@ 5@ mm @@wwr a
m {ppm x~{ K ~pm md{x"xmSm~{mnm anHpwm x~q{m m Hp~ p x
~{pm zpY"m p xz p x m~5 x m x~{ K ~"pmx{mxzmHp " m ~{mz p mdxzm
rj
G(f)
G(f*)
G(f*)
/ =u m ~{mz p mdxzm 8qm m ~{mz p mdxzm rmmdI{p px
& (')$+*,..-
md~x
A.A
5 -
A.A B
(7 9 )., * E- /
@
lnmr m x{zxgzmd{}p| ~xg{pnm srm r=u m md~p xxSp~{mm~{ p x

AA B - A.A B @-
x jx~mr mr mdzm
#
k yq
- kyt
y
f* =f* =0
1
D
R1
xx AA 5@-j~ p xSmdm~m pgmd x@?pgxSzmd{p| ~x
"
LNM$L 35QSRUT-VSWYXjb^ _a`cbdX T
\b&_
T T T
U
\HE b Q Tk\Se
nl m]a =u m Hp~5 p x x ~{ K ~"pSm{ppqxzm am~{ p x

lnm m pjzm p xgm{x $
7 G5 ,.* E- /
A.A
lnm
5@

A
A
5@-
m Hp]zm p xgm{x $
AA
5 -

5 N

A

Upzpgpjzxpmoqpgxpm| ~ m
7 : E8 7D" /lnm 5@5m8{x"x am~{ p x

AEA
m p{xqm
m m{x${mx
A.A
j zmp $
A

P@ v @a%#j

"!
#
(7 9),.
* E- /lnm5@ VZm m x~{ K ~"pcm ax"mxg~xPpm~{m~{mdzzmd{pzHp
~{mzp pmqxzm xSxxxm x x x X S{pxcqmdzxzm~{mamdx
z p xgm]m~mdzxzm~{mxz a
X
m pjzxom p xmWX
"@ ZYu Y [ @w a \ZS5@$
xzmxgp~xSHm
H XU
A.A
5@-
7 T)U `Zbd\Se
A
P p m
nm
A

U~{mzp~ p xjxnm-mdz p pp]~pxzm8ppYmdzm

A.A
zm p x
-

A

m m{x
m m md~p xxzm p xSm-{x xz&Yj HmHa
1
{p md m m{x $ m p{xYgKamgHKm

AEA -j A A y A N P

p m A DA @ y

k yq
- kyt
y
1
x~mdzp~x xxzm p xgm{x $jHm a

A DA @ A A & j A & ] P$

p m AEA v -5x~m m pzm p x{ppxz] v v ~xazmzx
npzp~{m
1
x~mdzpx xSxSzm p xm{x $ "@u [ a v

5mpjzxx p
x
DA
A.A
A
A
v
c v j Z v ]

x{mnmmmd zmdmdx xxzm p
xgm{x$pj~{mzp p x m {xgp xS pp
L p m AA
v -m m pzm p xj{ppxz j m-xgmxjx

"!
# P%
zmd{pm~{mdzm {p ~xgx~{xa $ zmdm~x

H
AA
xxjzm p xgm{xjK
5
v
A
@ v -j
@ v a A v

A

Y
Y a
m{mdz~mxjxm-xg x xS{pxxzy] 1Z]m-mdxp~x xnxzm~pxd

Upzpg{mdz Hpgn p
xSmx md{z pjxzxmp pmdxyxHmqm~5?x xH xx"m m{px
mdzxzm~{mwmd xyp~x n mw ppymxx~{x &P$n&" m~mdzxzm~{m
mdxgp~Cx Z]

1
0.8
0.6
z
0.4
0
0.25
0.2
y 0.5
0
0.75
0.25
0.5
1
0.75
1
-1
~{mzpy pZzmdzmmd~{pxcxSm x x x{pxmzxzSm~{mmxz p xp

~5 p x Z 5@ cSkHm~mdzxzm~{m mpzmd p x zxom p xgm X ~xjp~xj
# #
k yq
- kyt
y
"@ Zwu Y [ @ w a j Zg Hc

x~m "@wu v [ K H m zm p xjxS{x$lnmdxm m
A

A
A
A
X
H- c
A
@ P v

m {mdz~mxjxm-xg x xS{pxxz Z
vm-Hj
1
-2
0
4
-2
2
0
4
2
0
4
-2
-2
-1
mdzm "m Z
5@
m
H XU
AA
P-

"!
#
x~m m pjzxom p xgxg x xg~xgp~xjYx~mdzp~x xSxzm p xjxg{x $m p m
md~pgxz&
v [ KH v Ka
"@wu E
xm m
v
.
A
A
A
A v
H X
P-
P

v

A

p mxxSmxg x xjnm-m{ pg p Hp x p~xSm m- {pxxz Z]v L vm

v L v L
z p xm Zk v L v m =pzpx x mm K { xamHxkm v LY v L mH ~zx
m K { x
y
y
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
2
z
0-2
-2
0
-1
-1
0
x
0
1
x
2
-1
-1
#
k yq
- kyt
y
5 mpjmd{z p]xg x x p pxxjxm ~xgzmzxx {p~{m-m-{ pxxzm
{pxjxz L
1
m pjzxom p xx ~zxS~xj p~xS m xg{x K m gH Lc v m

L AA
L A
A v v L v - ]L c v

v Lc v

L

@ v LY v
p mp p zmpgpgzmd p x p~pg{pp mp zqpjv-mj!LUcv}

x~{xm~{mzm p xSp zpy p xmS L

m xg{x K m v H LHcv

v
.
A
A
A
A
#
-j
N A v HZ v

p mxgxm-x xxgx{xgm pj~{mdzqm p xx ~zxUv v n vm
v Zvv}

"!
t x x m md {z xgmd zmd p p x pg xzm
#
p pxwx]xSmyp xz p xjx x x]~x]zmzx x {p~{m m { px x]zm{px

xz
m zm p xxN{x $KtamgatZ v c v gIp{zpNx x xX Sm ppxz

5@ v Z v m
#
k yq
- kyt
y
AA
v c v -j

A
v c v H Y

v c v

p mjx xSm xN x x{pxSxz L >ZHv

vmgq{pxp Hp
xgp~xS~xgzmzxjx {p~{m
0
2
4
0
3
2
1
m Hp]zm p xgxg{x $gH
A.A
m K - L xx

A
@ v v v v

A L v U
A Y v

P p mxgxm-xS x xS{px]xz Z c ]Z jvmvcN

"!
m Hp]zm p xgxg{x Kmv H

xx

A.A
-]
A

A
N v cd
#
#
k yq
- kyt
y
LNM D _RTkXjQ[ ? X T T > \\SWETTQaXTX]e

NL MHM}O 3 QRUWY\ TZ_[ ? X]A \
lnmoqp sKu v Hpzm p xgmmSm~{pzy~xj p~x Hm
H =u
x~mY 5 nm j n p xy~5 x m x~{ K ~pm xmdzpppz p x~{ K ~p~
zmd{}p| ~xpmdzq{xHr {pnm srj q{p p ~5 x mmd{mdzS~p pS{zp~xzp p x
xgp~x H~xg p~xj m p{x uwvnx~m U @ $ q
(7 9 )E, * - # /
{qzp~xzHp p x -m {p] m 8m~x{ppgxz&

5 n

j n n
md~x{mxpgHpm~m xz x x 8 x~{pj~xgp~xS
y
D*
u
x

nl moqp
#G :"
:&j nm
P5:
q & q md{mdz~mx
~x- p~x
U q
j & q
xx5v v v md~{ p x 8"@Y uwv [ v v

"!
2
T
L
D*

/0 Hp{zp~xzHp p x
n$$ v v nY
& (')$+*,..-

m 3$ 45H9md mpzp{x"x pzm mmdm~{x

v v S p]m v m nw v

#G :"
xm$mSxp~{mdzxz &" "m

}q5
q & q{zp~xzHp p x
~ p x m ~}omd{p m p{x ] v U:pzp$ v Umdzm "m ] U
x~m "q [ 5 kpm &c m ~}omd{p
lnmoqp Hp]{zp~qxzHp p xjmd~pSxz&
5 n

j n n
x~mdzm pgqm~{mp{z

x~mNpjmzppjpz pj p x p pp~xx~{xN S m ?pHppaHp{z

p x p~pm p x p{zp~xzHp p x
& (')$+*,..- /1m{mdz~p~{mpHp{z {x , "E$ m m
m~x{pxKm
md~xSxz&

5@ d U
5

x~m p mdzpp pz p p x p pp~xx~{x

#
k yq
- kyt
y
(7 9),.
* E- / Sxz{p| ~ pkpkHp{z p x p~pkmHpa{zp~xzHp p xkmdmdz pk
mdz
mq{pp xHpzxz&Pm ~pHpp&p~5 pp 5xzm~np~{x {pzmxp qm~{m

zxxq p xmd zxp
7 G5 ,.
* E- /lnm @ t~xHx~{x & m~{ p x mq{m]pS d5~ ?p~5 pHx
n
x~{x &{pnmpjzm{zq p xSm pjmq{p 5~ ?p~5 p m ~}omd{p

#G :" /
P xSmmSxgp~{mdzxz & m

PU
q & q
5@ " x{m-"mpzp{xnx
}qw {mdx 5@
" xx
5
Pq
5
Pq
&&m 5: $
lnmoqpSxS"pzpx

lnm m~{ p xak Um k m~{ p xakBqm m~{ p xak mm a
m~{ p x= zm p x m pZzmd p xxc p~x{ppkmd p z p
jj jH mj coqp xp~x 55@
-1
lnmoqp pHzm pxH{ppgmd p zp v vI v v- HBm L ~x

zmzxg"pzp~{ mm~x n5 v v n
U a pdm~x
md{mdz~mSx
v nv

j
m vy nvg m~{ p x m vy nvj m~{ p x m a m~ { p x k mgm
Lm~{ p xgS L

"!
#&%
4
2
5@ v
5
v nm~ p xSqm p~ pgmd
" x x m ~}om{p

I #%7D# /lnmoqp m zm x m mmdm~{pzm ~x p~x Hp {zp~xzHp p xm pm
m ~}om{pkmd clnx~5?pk"m ] a ~{ p x5pzp {xnpa~5 p xk~{mz pm
xzm {mdx

A.A
5@
AA
5 55 @ n

x~m @ n m xpxzpx{xxmd{mdzS~p~{m p xp~x my5 n55@ $

8pz{ pzp pzm&pgm m
j U
#
(7 9 )E, * - # /

x K m-xq{zpz
AA
-]
AEA
@
n

P
nmkx{mxzmHpp~{mzxz mZp~p pxm ~ px mk~}om{p~
x~}o~{xHm x~{m xH~xgm xxj~x p xSm y~ xSmmgx
pxg p~xj m- mmzpx m- omd{p
mzm"mx"mx z xSp~x
##
k yq
- kyt
y
LNM D _RTkXjQ[ ? X G Q QaTX]W TT >8\N\SWETTQaXTX]e
x~mdzmxpgm~{m{zp~xzHp p x
N 5 nU P
j n v v
x~m v v } w xx 55@n B v v P xS{mdxzmHpjp~{mdzxzqmm

7 : E8 7D" /lnm 5 n55 } v v nm~{ p x
A.A
5@- B v v } AA 5

8pz{ pz&p pzm&pjm m
#j B c }} #j
v v
(7 9),.
* E- / x{mnm
v Hc}}
v v

v c }
!
v v

5@
n

mnm @ 5

#G :" /
P p m AEA
-x~m m pyzm p x-S{pp mp zp j jj

mS
px pzpgxj p~x H pm~x

m {pp m p m~{md zp j ] gm

~xpjzm p x

"!
#
4
1
3
1
2
-1
-2
5@ m 5 n5 n n
5 n

A.A
-j
DA

v
~{ p x
v
v
m] pSzm p xHS{ppmp zp m mxmx

p m A.A -x~m
x"xzm~px
zmm~5 px {mdzx HmHc mzm pgm~{m p~5 p

]Z
m{pp m p zp Z8 mS md~{ p
x mS S{ppHmp zp
m zmqm {pm~{m
1
1
-2
#
k yq
- kyt
y
5 n
@
5 m~{ p x

m

5@

n
AEA
- AA

D A
v
A
a

A

#

v

A

y
m{mdz~mp p zm&pjpjzm p x S{pp md p zpgm ?pp

H L v @H v
x~mdzm pgp~5 p
L

j

m pjzm p xg{pp]md p zqp v v t "m m K z x m~{qzpx~pxzmmm
zpx L

-10
-5
-4
5 n md~{ p x 5@ m
5@
5
-3
-4
j U
#
AA
j# U

"!
#
nx~m m pzm p x]{pp-mp zp k N mmx
L p m AA

mx xnxzmd~px
zmm~5 px {mdzx HmHc mzm pgm~{m p~5 p
H

1
1
-1
m pNzm p x {ppHmp m~{md zp k m k 55 n m

5 5 m~{ p x
AEA
c a - AA
A
A
a

A
& P P
A
& P
& P
p m AA ( v -x~m m pjzm p xj{pp m p zpy

( ] m(
zmm~5 px {mdzx m] mdzm pgqm~{mp~5 p

#
k yq
- kyt
y
(
]
m pjzm p xg{pp mpymd~{m zpd jm j

-0.5
0.5
5@ m5 n5 m~{ p x

5 n L
v
-1
AA
-] AA
v
L v
L A v A v v

"!
NL M D _RTkXjQ[ ? X J \bdX]W TT > \\SWETTQaXTX]e
#
0 x~{xHt
@m xnxzmd~ppyzmd{p~pzmy{m x"xzm~ppyx pzmd]

P x~m
m] pq{p| ~ ppxzm p Im m xZp| ~xxzpxmxH mxxkm]xHmm~{xm zmd{p
nmpSpjxzmpjS
P
y
r
r
zm p p xgm~{zm p x"xzm~pp] mS

P m ppgxz&

x~m
5
j &

v
v m

(7 9),E* - #
{pjp~5 p m ~}omd{pSm " } [ } j P UP x~{p~{m

x{mH"m pazm p x z pz "@ [ v v v xzzmx~mYm x"xzm~pp
xpzm p zm p xjzmd{p~pz "
} [ ]
j 5y

#G :" /
P pz x m m Hp zpm m"p p x pz{mp~p-vHvy v v jm x"xzm~pp

xpzm p & $ V
Ym~ p{p mmdz~x myHp zp]m mnp px pz{mp~p@v"vv vU@v v&
m xnxzm~p px pzm p vnv mmd~5 ?xmgPm $zmqm {pmd~{m
#
k yq
- kyt
y
-1
-1
-2
~zx z pzzmd{xSmzpxgm x"xzm~pp pz{mq p~p m md~x xx

"@ ZwuEY [ v v vCV nm x"xzm~ppx pzmd
"
P Zwu Y [ g 5
p mxHx oqp x p~xpp~5 pm x"xzm~pp xpzm 55 n

{mxzmHpjp~{mzxz&mdm
7 : E8 7D" /lnm 5
} 55 5 $ & $m~{ p x
AA
5@-
A.A
U5
P

{pgppmp~p -m p pm t" } [ )V }- g P U

8pz{ pzp p zm&pgm m #j U AA AA j 5
LNMM}O ;hT-V Q g\ A T-e G
Q U Q RUXTX]e`\SW
lnmoqp
v [ v v v
Pzm p x 8
"@wu <
> E W [ _bd\ge
= x

"!
"
Pwu v<[ j j j 5 m
m nx xzm~ppx pzm m
AA
5@- A v A 55
}
zm p x 8
"@wu v<[ @S v
v v
m nx xzm~ppx pzm m
AEA
"
Pwu v<[ j
j m
5@-
A

v U5 }

v[v
zm p x 8
"@wu <
@ v v
#
#
k yq
- kyt
y
m nx xzm~ppx pzm m
AA

"
Pwu v [ j & g 5 m
A A
5@-
v U5
P
#G :" /
p m AA
P
@ v v -yx~m mk pzm p x{ppZmp zqpv
v

v v L jmj ~xgzmzxg"pzp~{m

0 p~x
xnxzm~pp xpzm pg~xpj zm p x ~xj p~x m md{mz~ppxz&

"
P [ L w xSxjv v v{mSx
A.A
@ v
v
AA

U

v Y a

"!
# %
AA @ v v x~m mpSzm pxHS{ppgm p zpv v tnvm
p m

v vdvj d
0 p~x x"xzm~ppxpzm{mdxnm m{ p] md{mdzS~ppxzY m-g
@v vU
$
A.A
A.A
v v -
n 5 !L
A

S
v
KP

S v v K v v

m {mdz~mxNxSmjxN x x{px p Hp xNp~xNkmj{px mxz p xm

Z v v mv v
z p xHm Zjv Kv m pzpx x m m~{zpxH~pxzm m xm v v m
~zx z pz zmd{x m~{zpxm &m mzpxgx v N v j v c P v

x
1
0.75
0.5
0.25 0
4
2
3
1.5
2
1
0.5
02
1.5
0
-1
-1
0.5
-2
xx 8
" wu v [ v
KP v m n
x xzm~ppx pzm m

"
P wu v [ g ] & g
5
"
x x X m {pxZmdzxzm~{m mxcpzpx x m

&p~x xnxzm~pp xpzm{mxv v vm
A.A
v v - 0 {
# d#
k yq
- kyt
y
AA
@ v v - A.A Y 5
A A v
A
Y L &
& Y

mxxmyx] x xS{pxm{mdz~pm~{myxz v v
xz v v
Lw p
v
Z
m~{mdz~pm~{m
5
2.5
0
0
4
-2.5
-5
5
3
2.5
z
0
-2.5
-5
-5
0
0
-2.5
0
1
2
3
2.5
4
5

"!
#
5mpjmd{z p]xg xx p pxxjxm ~xgzmzxx {p~{m-m-{ pxxzm
{pxjxz
A.A
c v c v -

x~m m] pgzxomn p xHxH x xH~x p~xS 0 p~x x"xzm~ppyx pzmdx{mxyp~xPp
zm p x m~pgxz& ] g m c v c v v

AA
Z v v -j A
A
Y
v a

p mxgxm-x x xg{px]mxSm x m vv vv Z vv }
5mpgmd{zpjxg xx p pSx xjxm zmd p{xSpxjzmdzxjx {p~{mxx
vv

zm p x m {pp mpgxz p xSmmdqm vv
zmzpm~{mpgm~{mp~5 p
AA
v -
v
v ~xSzmzxg"pzp~{m0 mSx
v

xSm{mdz~p~{m p xp~xpgp~5 p m m m {pp xz v v EJmx
AA
Y
vv vv A A v v

xzppSx x"xzm~pp x pzm
5

] &
md{mdzS~p~{m p xp~x m n v v v m p~xpzm p x m md~pxz
]m
g
A#A 5 LY
Y
v

k yq
- kyt
y
L Y
8pz{ pz&mj {mx HpjmmdzpSmzpxSHm

>=
A

p m
q{pg~{mzp m {xj{ ppgm q{p{ K q{ p
lnmoqpSr ~{ p x
AA B -j A A y A A

tz p xgm]5@

lnmmd~x{px xz n5
m
A

{mSx

-
v U AA B -
lnmoqp m Nzmd x mmdmmd~{pzmy{pynm sr:s x~m m] pgzm p xH{pp]mdx
K z xg~ z{xgm rtm m pjzm p xg{pp mx K z x z ~ z{xHpjrg
R
D1

"!
#
xx5 m x~{ K ~pSmm pzp{xnxj
A.A - v n A.A -

0 p~x x"xzm~ppyx pzmd m md~pxz S g m]S S U N m md~pSxz
] Hmj
U m
A v A

m~{ p x
S n S
v

>=

A
A
xx ; > = {mSx
A > =

lnm 8" Yuwv [ @v @ v LH V n p m

AA
0 px p~5 pS~m&pz
@Hc v -

H
j
m {pp m p zp v v
v
"
xxpg~xpjzm p x
v !L H
m
#
k yq
- k yt
y
5 m ~{ p x 5@ m
5@
5 n

A.A
AA

v
@c v
0 p~x xnxzm~ppgx pzmSx{mdxSHpk~xPpzmd p x
md~pZxz&Z K

L
A.A

v ] AA v v 5 P$

< `Zb Q [ XZ[ ? X]A \

1
lnmoqp 1zm p xNx{x ${ppHxz zpmmdnp x mmxzHp x pz m

mmd~pjxz&
"
P [ g v
x~m( H v =u p xS~5 x md x~{ K ~p{p"m

D*
1
~{ p x

A.A
5 -
8pz{ pz&p p zm&pjm m
A
5 }

"!
j U
#
A.A
#G :" /
P p mxxmwx xx {pxmx
~xgz mzxjx {p~{m
0 p~x xnxzm~pp]x pzm {mxnm x
zxomd{p}m~x K z x L xxSj

v v a

x~m
x~m

#
v v mYmx ~zx L &

m zmmm Z n ~ xkp~x ax ~zx
L & wmj

m

Z
y
3
0
4
4
3
3
z
2
1
1
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
-2
-1

v

v 5

xS{pp-mx]~{mdzxzx K z x L & U mymdx]mn{mdzxzx
w p m p pzmp pzm p
K z x
AA

-2
K z xm~{mdzm {p m
m
-2

m
k yq
- kyt
y
j A & v L

p mp p zmpgpgzmd p xjS{pp xz & q

#

-2
-1
" x x #j Y A v & q v

L p mp p zm pgpgzmd p xjS{pp xz & $
" x x j# Y A v & v

LNMPO C_ RUWYX]e<1`cb Q [ ZX [ ? S\ A T-e kT X 35QSRUT-VSWYXjb^ _a`cbdX

xx m Hppz p mx{zp p p x md"p m tx p xm xmxnm qmdzwm~p
p{zp& md wm~{mdzppn{p xSx"Hpqp{x{p m~{zx]m HppmxSm~{xm~ md z p
LNMPOMPO D X]e5e5X 6K\jR5Xjb
lnx~5?p "myHpp| ~p-~p{mIpxzHpmHpzm p xmmSm~{pz m x~mzmx"m

"!
#
pgppgmdq{ pS q{zpSxzm x m~pm x~5?m pq{x m m${mpg~5 p x Z
5@ gm "mzmdzmm~{p pSHppgxzy~pm]m p zmpSm ppSx~{x@ a
lnmjpp| ~p m] m{p m]p{mdzp( ?xxmd| ~mxpHm~pm m x~{p~{m mq{m pqxNpHHpqp
{x{pwpk p| ~p m xzxn{xkpm~pm md p p zm&ppk p| ~p p~xcpm~pm
pz pHm]x~{xpx~{xNmd hmj m Hp~5 p xN~{mz p mdxzm apHHpp{x{p 8
m m ppxz&
U
AEA
5@
LNMPOMON D \CU TQR5\ kT T D X]e5e5X

xm~{xmHpp{ K pmB{xz~x m mx m xzx"{x mqp H ppm pq{p| ~ p

~pmdzm~ pz$wpx mdx ~{ p x"xYxm~{x mHpppp| S~p Im zm p p x px mx
xmxy p xjzmqm {pSm~{m

A.A
5@

A.A
(x,y)
5@-n
LNMPOM >8TQRUWY\ kT T D X]e5e5X

m ~{zxmHppgpg p| ~p m md~xxz] "x~m

j 8
#
k yq
- kyt
y
5q pmd~{m mxx~{xamhnmSp HppN{x{pUp p| ~px"mdzpmq{pz x~ m~{zpp
m p{mdzpz maxS m~{xjmd zmd p p xgpg"pnmzyxmx
lnm5@U m {xnx a5 n m ?ppx m~{z x m m a mq{m pxSx m~{zx
mpp m x m~{qzxmx m {z xgpzm p x a

#G :" /
P p mx md~{zxSm-Hpp]xzmd{p| ~xN&&qmp]m~qpm m- pp]mp]~5 p x

5@
pp]{x{pm &c& m
DA
A
8 U aj v
yxmd~{x mHpp]zmqm {xy p x

A DA j y
A
A
aj y
mx m~{zxgmHppgm mH y
md{mz~mYx m~{zx-mHppymmd K z x mzpx m~{zpx-~pxzm pm~x
nmpSmd~pm md ppx~{x m- zxxz x~p pg q{p| ~ pgxjx~{x pg xzm
5 @j v v p pxjpZHppk{x{pp~x
zm p x m md~pSxz&Yj Hmg v v
8 U A DA v
xnxzmd~ppSxpzm~xPp
n

Y

"!
yxmd~{x mHpp]zmqm {xy p x
#%
A A Y N
A A
& N

x m~{qzxmppm mS
m{mdz~mx m~{z x mpjzm p xgS{pp md p zpyjv mj UL HZv

4
mq{m px5@pzpg{x"x @w ax~m

8"@YNu v [ a v H L S
c v

m 8 U#j U q {p p zm&p o pg x p ppSp~{mdzxzmd~{m

v
A
DA

v
A
A

-

x m~{qz x mm mS &P
L md{mdzS~m-x m~{qzxSmHpp]pzm p x{ppmp zp j v}jjm N
mpgm~pm m ppgx~{x m 5@5

U A v A a A v @ Y v

#$#
k yq
- kyt
y
v
v
A v @ Y L
A
DA

N

L

v
A v @ Y
A
A
N

x m~{qzxmppm mS

LNMPOM D \CU TQR5\ kT T 53 Q T-E W [ Q X
nl moqp Hp zmd{pj~x p~x Hp]p| ~p xxjp~{m m @5q@ $x~m m p
{p| ~ pj~xS p~xgm w a
(x,y)
nl m5@ m- p]m~qpmm pp x~{xjm a xjSxm~{x]m ~ md z pp]p| ~p mIzmp p x

pj zmd{p m
AA
v @5@-
AEA
pz{ pz&
8
m m xSmdxjx

m m xgmxgx
v 5@-

"!
AA
#
v 5@
txm~{xm~ md z pjx pzm8zm p p x pg xzm m

y

A.A
v v 5 -
xm~{x mS~ md z pmS xzqxmdzmd p p xpNmx jm p p p pmSmjzmq{z p

p mmdzp p xSp~ pzm{xz~xSmdmmdx

#G :" /
P md{mdz~mx xm~{xHm~ mz pHxpz-p zm px {ppgmp zpN Z8

jgmm pjm~pm m ppgx~{x m] 5@
A
P$
E
A
A
A
Y
Y
N

L

A
.
A
A
A
Y
- w Y N v

xxxgxm~{xjm~ md z pgxpz m
L v $

L
0 Hpp| ~p~p xBm~pm x~{p~{$m m {pp-xzY v k v v my v k v v
E
H Y p mxSSxm~{xm~ m z pxpzypjp| ~p
0 p~x xnxzm~ppx pzmp~xPpNzmd p x mg
md~pxz& :]m a mSx
xmd~{xm~ md z pgx pz m
A v A Y -

#
k yq
- kyt
y

*
p m
AA B
5@ m
P 5 5vY-mr &&
5 5 @ v @ v v mr:&&5
5 5v L Hmr
L 5 5 v v mr &&
5 5 @ v v mr &
5 5 @ v v v v P mr &&
5 5 v mr: L
5 5 v mr L
5 5 Kv mr c&
5 vv mr &
n p mYx xm x x xS{px mdzxzm~{mYmxz p xpy~5 p xmw~mdzxzm~{m
mdxgzmd{p| ~xgpx
P Z v mr L
U
Z v v-mr

Z vcv-mr &

mr
L Z

& mr:
Z
Z & wmr
p m p m~{my~{mdzpjp~xSpgxzmd m~{mzp p x

P

A

"!
A @ v
A v A vv

A
A
A
L
v
& v

A A Y a
A Y A v
Y
L p m p m~{my~{mdzppm~xSnm m {pp mp zppp
LP A.A
g v j v
-
v v t V
L A.A -
v v

L A.A --
c v ]N

L L A.A -
]cvj
v

L A.A @ v v -
gjHKmt

L A.A
gjmHy
L A.A

v c-
v kmN v}
@ v -
g v mgv

L A.A
L A.A
L A.A
LP A.A
L

A.A
gj v mN
- @
YL Y

-
gH m v
Nv-m]N
v Y mj
#
#
k yq
- kyt
y
md{mdz~mxgxm-xym~{my x x
xc{ppkxz
P " {pxZmdzxzm~{m xz Zh v v ma~mdzxzm~{mm pZzm p
jvm v}
v vSmH~mzxzSm~{mSmp zm p xa{ppxz
" {pxNmzxzSm~{mxz Z

jmNv
m Z~xgzmzxgx {p~{m
" {pxxzv 1Zvy LNN "NgW

Z gm- j
L " {pxxz Z v v LNjD
ZNg)m Z]~xgzmzxgx {p~{m
" {pxxz v v Sj!
p m p p zm&pjp zmd x mS{ppm p m~{md zp

Pjv}j
j v Lj
L

j j
j Z v j
Lw v j

Y j
j v j H L

N v
j Lc v j v L

dm {mdz~mx m~{zxmHppjpgp| S~p p~pSrj~xgp~xSHmm~pm pp
Pr m {pxxzy v v ~xgzmzxjnpzp~{mm 5@

r m {pxxzjmgv-m 5@v v

md~x x 9E:"7 8 " m]axzmpjzm p x xz&
#
AA
5@-
x~m$# m p p zm&pSm a p m m
P 5@5 v m xSzmd{}p
| ~xSm- m z{ m]$ L L mS
5@5vv m xSzmd{p| ~xSm- mdzq{ md] L L mS
5@5vv m xS{z p| ~xjm mz{ m LmS

L 5@5vv m xS{z p| ~xjm mz{ m mH&P

"!
' ( ) -*+ , . /10
#%$&$
2 +3+
+ 4 , 5 6 7 ( '98 :( 0
, 7 +) / (
;=<?> @BADCFE-GDHJILMOK I3N P QRHSUTWVUI XBPZYHJE [\I3H]IOVUE^VUE-Tà _ TbE-cPZX

d]egfhîkjmlon fprqtsbh^n f9sufvjuqxwyhUz{fh|juz jun qts~}~sDjusDjuz{fh%xsu
hjuw]3sljmvjuqthkqxh%lon lhUrshUfvjuzr}~prqxjmrhUzrxrs3lsuv&?v ?rh jprzBiu ju s
qxtwytfjujBvrhUzrxjhUw1O= s~zrexrhUhUwys~ejueehk}~prxzfhkeljmfiu s~ hUerhDsurhUw1
rs~etz{f9hU9mjuqxs~ekv&?vhy
-R xtxxtRZ
`~|RxtxtxRuD
=?|~xtxtx`"
prtjuwys~ehkw e9pljmvjuqxhkqthUlon lhkrs~e -|9u&?"v?kBg
q
R
p
c
a
b
%# $
9
^ -=

OO Z d]eiks~qjuwys~e&- vhFsuwyhkwDs~e
-hkzrsufhkwDs~elsu

jZehk}~prxzfhes~wjOrhthkw juzrz

D
B% v~ Z

!#"$&%()+
' ,+
* -/. 0 h 2
1qxxw 4 3 6h 5rtefhhhn xzrrhUlhkzrrhkzfhjWhUe9iks~qjWrs~e=&7 -Lhj
ljm9fgiu ju srrrhkzrs~wytzjuwys~e hkefh^qxtwytfh rh^xzfhk}uvjuq f99tlq jOrh e9surh^hjOrhkzrsufvjuwys~e lsu
8898;:FBvr~-J{
1qxxw 43 D!
2
d]wfvjuq ikjue9s=h|n rtfjZxzfhk}ujmn hkqe9surhO
<
n iks~z{fon z{pjDhkw Zrhkzfju syhn tz{f9hk}ujmn hkq e9sur9hO
->=
? ,@. 0 hh|
AFjmvjZjOlrsujOrsDfhksu9hkwj3hjC Bu
DFE&G
' -*
=IH, )9
+J sOikjmlon fprqtsjuz{fh%xsuxwys~e9Kprh e9h^Br9LNM3h iks~zfon z"pjljmvjfs"rs 9v& v~

88O: Brr~-Oh%lrhke9hkzfvjysOs~qxprwyh-rsDers~n qxxrsr
P
Q"v> > S r9 vv v~O MTU T BrW V
R
AFjmvjOxzfhk}uvjute f99tlq jue hkefjZxzfhUlrhUfvjiu ju
sZ}~hks~w hUn fxijz ju s h|n iks~zhkzrxhkzfhuls~tesZ}ujmn iksyrh
h|n prwe9piks~zgprzfsrh^+ XyYs Kpjuqz ju sbh-n ls~e9ekon hkqte9pjuqx[ Zjm
x U \ jueehLB v ] ljmjfs"rsv^ O 88+8;: Bvr~-J{ hUlrhkehkz{fj s
s~qxprwDhrh hjs^6h 5rhkwZlqxUs ]?&` _gegfse9hFgpreftikj"ls~te]jê9s~wj-rah thkwjuzrzDiUsu9hkels~zrrhkzfhu

b

y
3
O Z

hn jZe9s~wjZrs~e s~qxprwyhUers~ee9pljmjuqxhkqthUlon lhkrs~e suwjursOlhkqxjZljm9fgiu ju Os chkz{fkju sr 2 1qtxw d 3
h|n 6h 5jmfvjuwDhkz{f9h^sOs~qxprwyh-rhO
xt etz{f9hk}uvjuq f9lq j3fhkwlrsulrthkjurhke juz jun qts~}juge juf e juetz{fhU}uvjuxe rplq juek
h =I-ij- G %k)+
' ,9
l v> Z
* - 0 -hkzrsufvjuwys~elsum
o nqp %$ ,+= %r , rsr , %$tO#u =,9v t = % ivw,x hbjh y ekju sprzBiu s~ hketz{fhU}ujmn hkxe|e9surhZZ
hkzfju sZljmjZfsrYs z]O {| # zY }~{yRh^n tz{f9hk}ujmn hkqe9surh^Zhu

"!
88+8;:
OB l
z
{y
l {{
z
B lr-{m}
88+8;:
#%$
{ 8+8+8;: y
lr {J"
s~zrrhl
v%
x h3 h yekju sZxzfhk}ujmn hkteesurhhy lT B l%ljmvjOf9srsYl OhUz{fju sr
l~-]{YT
888 : y
B lr-J"
8+88 :
xt h hyn e9prtxrxrs hkw l jmvjuqxhkqthUlon lhkrs~eh=hyn xzfhk}ujmn hkq]e9sur9hikjuj|g-/]~txx

hkzfju shn tz{fhU}ujmn hkqe9surh hm
8898 : B lr~-{
88+8 :
B lr~-]{

e lr9s?mjZe9hU}~prhrth%fvjuwyhkzfh|juerhUzrgiu s~
hkek
DFE&G
' -*
=IH, )9
&ezrs iu ju s rhyiks~zfhprn rs z{prqxsls"rhU3e9h%hkefhkzrrtj jusljmvjuqxhUqxhUlon lhkrs rhysuwj iks~wDlqxh&

fvjuwyhUz{fh-juz jun qts~}j3jusZikjue9srsOh%fju zr}~prqxsOcwprjuzrrsOe9p9hUfju zr}~prqxs~e lsu epljmvjuqthkqxhUlon lhkrs~eh
jmn hjlsu s~qxprwyhm
x s~wysyjuzfhkeUsyfhksuhUwjbhn jun qxxrsDe9hsiks~zgprzfs=rh3rhke9iks~zftz"prtjurhke-rhO\hn rh3iks~zfhprn rs
z{prqxsr
xtY AFjmjWxzfhk}uvjuteyf9tlqxjueyiks~zfxz{pj ujuqthkzrrssf9hksuhkwjWrh pxzr!
e }~suvjLfhkwDs~e

ls~eeon hktetz{f9hk}uvjuxetfh%vjujuek
<
iks~zfon z{pjDhkw O dJz{fkju sr
->=
? , n E %w$&% xO0 hj ~
8+88 :
B v~-F"
8

8
8

8"
xxtxtxxtx $
$
B v{%&
8#"
!
"
!8
8
8

8
"
$
8
!
B v~ &{
B v{ ~ {
B v&={%
#
9
^ -=

lr9s?mjrs fhksuhkwyj rh ptzr~ljmvj tz{f9hk}uvjuxef9lq jue-hJn iUs~wDlqxhUfjuwyhkzfhFjuz jun qxs~}j jf juexzfhk}uvjute

rplq jueUK"prh|lsrhehUxefjZzrsyjml
hU zrrxikhu
e

?
ivw- G 0
? juqtikprqxh
]
8898;:
{]"s~zrrhvv ?v ?
8898 :
~-{]"
8
8
$
"
8
!
{ k>%
prh ^h n sOs~qxprwyh-rh^Z
j qtikprqxh 8898 : J~-{s~zrrh^ M]k ]~ M m
u

8988 : F~-"!8 8
8 F"% ~ 8 8 ~ O
K

juqtikprqxh 8898 : g} }r-{s~zrrh\ M M M

88+8 :
} }r~-{!8 8 8 } }r{ O
{ juqtikprqxh 8898;:
}
} }
r {{s~zrrh M]k M]k M]k

B
888 :

} } }b r~-{]" 8 8 8 } } }br{% {

]
]
!8 8 } } } 9r O!
8 } B } r{3

;=< @BADCFE-GDHJIOSUX QRHSUTWVUI3X XBPZYHJE

E-GS PDN E-X IOSUX E-H]IOSUX
;=<=<> -E GyS PZN E-XVUE E ADCFI3HJE|X A P \

XBT L
I MK P
hoj P

#u% - * G rRt % ij-0 P
hn rsOftlsY_e9hm

"!
#
Q"v> S 9 "?r>TT rWV

R

s~zrrh h=n j hk}~ju s hUqxhkwyhUz{fvjmrs lq juzrsrFlrsmghiu ju s rh P zrs lqxjuzrs Wh "
iks~zfon z{pjueke9hkzrrs={mT

P
z=f
z=f 1
D

#u% - *
rRt % ij- I0 P
hn rsZf9tls_ _ehu
Q"v> S v> ;yrvTRoT y vWV

R

s~zrrh hn j hk}~ju s hkqthkwyhkzfvjmOrs lq juzrsrBlrsmghiu ju srh P zrs lq juzrs h yrk;y
iks~zfon z{pjueke9hkzrrsYymT y

P
#u% - *
rRt % ij- I0 P
y=g 1
h^n rsZfls_ _ _ehu
y=g
#U#
9
^ -=

Q"v9 S v ?v>TR T vWV

R

s~zrrh h=n jhU}~ju s hkqxhUwyhkzfvjm3rs lq juzrsrBlrsmghiu ju s rh P zrs lq juzrs h
iks~zfon z{pjueke9hkzrrs T

P
x=h2
x=h
hk}~ju s P hOn rh3fls _ e9hh3n rs=f9tlso_&s~p ftls _ _&s~p ftls _ _ _&iks~wysylsu-h65rhUwDlqxshk}~ju s
qxtwytfjuj3lsuprwyjZhke9h%vjs~plsuprwhUqxtlers~n xrhu
e
DFE&G
' -*
=IH, )9
G 0
d]w K"pjuqKprh%rs~e ijue9s~ejuz{fh%xsuhUekP h|n ijuwjujOhU}~ju sOhkqxhkwDhkz{fjmrsyhUeljik sr

x e ehk}~s~ hke P eUju sDiks~zgprzfs~ehkijurs~eh^qxtwytfvjurs~ehUw

?
ivw- G 0
qx}~przre h65hkwDlqxs~e rh^9hk}~s~ hke hkqthkwyhkzfvjmhkeU

e

"!
#
;=<=< CFEÂ X I3N P c I @BADCFE-GDHJIOVQHSUTLVUI

hj P prwj^hk}~ju shkqthkwyhkzfvjmhkw JfvjuqK"prh&P RZ"prw ljmvjuqthkqxhUlon lhkrs3iUs~wys3juzfhkek h
P h^n prwjprzBiu ju siks~zfon z"pjrhUzjuwys~e ~ lsu
vB MB v e9e9hDhDvv>> ^P |PW
h P fhkwiks~zfhrnp rsz{prqxsrhUz{fju sr hn tz{fhU}ujmn hkqesurh hrhUzrtwys~ejDtz{f9hk}uvjuqftlqxjZrh
esurjh P iks~wysr
888
B v~- "
8988;:
vr { {
d]w fvjuqBikjue9sr[ Zkhkwys~e&KprhDhOn xzfhk}ujmn hkqBe9surh P ge tz{f9hk}uvjuqFz ju srhUlhkzrrhDjhke9iks~q[jrs

ljmvjuqthkqxhUlon lhkrsDZ
h =I-ij- G %k)+
' ,9
iUs~z{fon z"pj
* - . 0 hj= P
h P h|n rsZfls _%
8898
Bvr~-{F{
8+8
8

x hjP h^n rsOftlsY_ _&

8+8+8
Bvr"% -
Bvr {F{!8+8
"!
"!
Bvr{ ~-{
#

9
^ -=

xt hjP h|n rsDflsg_ _ _&
B v~-F"!8+8
88+8

8
!
Bvr~ "
"!
e9hU9hKprh-hkwfs"rs~es~e ikjue9s~e juz{fh%xsuhUe h-n prwjhk}~ju shkqthkwyhkzfvjm rslq juzrsOhulsu9fjuz{fsr

ls"rhe9h%rsDf9tlsg_&O_ _s~p __ _Wcrh%lhkzrrhkzrrsrsZftlsZiks~zftz"pjuwys~eiks~w jZtz{fhU}uvjuqrplq j
-v ?
^P hkzfju sr
0 d]wljm9ftikprq jmreh3Bv ]|ljmvjOfs"rs v>
8898
~-{]" P%
s~zrrh Pyh^n sOs~qxprwyh|rh P

?
ivw- G 0
? juqtikprqxh 8 8 8 B {"
J suf9
h Kpr
h 8+8 8 B & { us~zrrh
RQ"v S MjT^T MYTUT7B
V

X
juqxikprqxjuwys~elrxwyhUts 8 B O B cjOe9hk}~prlr9hkikxe9juwys~eikjuqxikprqxjm

{
88
B
s~zrrhiUs~zre9xrhUjuzrs~e Q"v S MjT^ T B rI MYTUT7B;Viks~wysDprwyjhU}~ju sDrh|ftlsY_ __6c
qxs~}~sr
3 8 8

"^ 8 X { 3 ]mW

B
B

"!
}O BrO MOhÔ Br
juqtikprqxh|sZs~qtprwyh-rsyes~n qxtrsZqtxwyfvjurs3lsu }

ers~n qxxrsh
n qxxwDtfvjursZe9plhU9xsuwyhUz{fh^lsu-Z h3xzrh%xsuwDhkz{f9hlsu-Z B
flsY_&
P
#
hn rs
10
10
5
y
0
0
-5
-2.5
2.5
-5
5
RQ" v> S 9 B oTYT L V

!dt; = ? %$ , )+
' ,+
s h3n jZlrsmghiu ju srhjP zrsylq juzrsZcljmvjDrh%fhUwytzjm
* - r& 0 e hk}~ju
juegfvjOhUqxxwDxzjmwys~eZjue qh Kpjiu s~ hUes~p qh K"prtmjuqxhkzfhkwyhUz{fh|juijmjZxzfhU9e9hiu ju sZrhjuw3jue jue
e9plhU on iUxhkek
3

3 BL c
surfhkwDs~e ` }Oh R
Q"r9 S & }jTR T }"I MTRo T7B;V
P
-3
qxs~}~sr PF
8+88
-{ 8
X
8

X

{% chkzfju sr
#
9
^ -=

X
}
PF 8
&W }b& ~ O 8

8

X
B
8 &}~ {O ]
}~
X
B
B2M

F juqtikprqxh 8898
-~-{^s~zrrh P hn qtxwyfvjurs lsuJ3 }= " zrs^lr9xwyhks-siUfjuz{fhm
hOiks~zre9xrh%vjmwys~eP iks~wyshU}~ju srhOflso_ _&dP hn rhUzrxjlsuM T\ T W h hOn j
lrsmghiu ju srjh P zrsylqxjuzrsy;c j Zkhkzrrs=y MDsurfhkwDs~ejZljmjmn s~q jyO h3 cqxs~}~sr h n
rhUzrtjZlsua MT^ T Dh MTYT

3
2
1
0
4
2
3
z
2
1
1
0
0
1
2
x
88+8
-J"3!8 8 ! 8 ! -{ ~ {
8 8 ! W ~ {
!
] 8 "

]

"!
;=<
#U$
c OI AM K I cE
PPDHJcEÂ I3cI3X
;=<<> @AyCFHJPcMK I3N P

hjuw
P
prwyjhU}~ju sDhUqxhkwyhUz{fvjmzrsDhUeljik syh|hDjuee9hU}~prxzfhkeprzBiu s~ hUek

OP

~s zrrh
-&r
hZ\
-ekju sprzBiu s~ hUe iks~z{fon z{pjue hiks~w rhUtmjujue
ljmikxjuxeiUs~z{fon z"pjue z{prw ljmjuqxhkqthUlon lhkrs jmhU9f9s fvjuqK"prh|P Z-d]egfvjuef9 hU eprzBiu s~ hke
rhUfh%wyxzjuw prwj3f9vjuzresuwjiu ju sZrsDhkeljiU s
{\zrsDhkeljiU sy9-h| jmfsr
P
b
s~zrrh
BB
-%
-%9
9-%

DFE&G
' -*
=IH, )9
G 0
e fvjuzre9suwjim ju s -h n fvjuw3hkn wrhkzrsufvjujZlsu

O
-

-%
->^P
x |hUzrsufhkwys~ejZtwju}~hkwrhjP lsu iks~wysUP P %riks~zfxjZzrsDhkeljiU sD
!#"$&%()+
' ,+
P e9h 9 k
"k-v9y

9ljmvjfs"rs~e
* -/. 0 h n %w$4t % H, hkw

k
-v&
^P twDlqxtijhkw
"
h^-`

!#"$&%()+
' ,+
h ,>) - E % , $ - r h h^n rhU zrsufvjursyh|rhU zrxrsylsu
* - 0 rhUf9hUwytzjuz{f

B v

-

#6

9
^ -=

s~zrrhjue rhUujujue ljmikxjuxe ekju sDijuqtikprq jujuezrsZls~z{fs
-9 P
<
P
h P hU}~s~ hkehkqthkwyhkzfvjmhUezrs hkegljik sr prwjLf9vjuzre9su9wjiu ju s rh
->=
? , 0 hjuw
ikqxjue9e9h hxzghUfuj|hkw P pls~zOj K"prh P F!P FdJz{fju s|ljmvj|f9sj^przBim ju sxzfhk}ujmn hUq

esurjh P fhkwDs~ek
88+8
B v~-F"!8+8+8
B
- BB
v-
J{

s~zrrh B
y B
-%
-&
9 9|h B
v- hn sWmjuqxsu=jme9s~qtpfs rs

rhUfh%wyxzjuzfhjuiksu juzrsr
J sujuwyhUz{fhm h3
n ls~e9eon hUqBwys~ef9vjm&K"prhsfhUsuhkwj=juzfhUtsu hOn juxzr j jun qtxrs=e9h z ju s hn tzghUftmj
z{prwe9piks~zgprzfsrjh P &Kprhê9hjDrhîks~z{f9hrnp rsyz{prqxsr
;=<
PPZH]c EÂ I3c I3X
SVa _ A cHS M I3X
h\ vOh-n prw ls~z{f9sZzrsZhkeljik sOre9pjueiUssurhkzjujue iktqon zr9xijue ekju s

v&s~zrrh
? ekju syjue ikssu9rhkzjujuels~q jmhkejOlrsmghim ju sDrh zrsDlqxjuzrsZhekju sZrhUzrxjuelsu

B &
O &

s~p h65lqtxikfvjuwjuzfh |

hD Mhkzfju s
rhUzrtrsr

3Dhu
m y
9e h rNM
U}
u y 9e h NM
u y 9e h NMNM
U}
"pjuzrrs
K
h

"pjuzrrs b M hy M z ju sh n
K

"!
#
(x,y,z)
(x,y,0)
d]egfvjOf9juzre9suwjiu ju sbh^n tzghUfujOzrsDe9hk}~prtz{f9he9piUs~zgprz{fsr

"
v S M - O ? +} FUw W} V
h|s|juiksu juzrsZjOf9juzre9suwjiu ju sbhun
Q
B v "

v

?
ivw- G 0
? ki tqxtzrsikikprqxjm]hUf9s \rh vjuxs \ Q"v9 S } bw W} WV

d]w ik"s surhkzjujueikxqon zrtijue } cqxs~}~s ^hkzfju sr
]
\ Q" v> 2 S |IMgT gT w W } V

iUs~zrh iUs~wjue9h z"prwrte9iks rh juxsj]~ ikhUz{f9jurs^zj sut}~hkw h jutq f9pvj ~hkw iks"surhkzjujue
iktqon zr9xijuek
MgT
gT
T
MgT

qxs~}~srrsZiks~zrhhUw iUssurhkzjujueikxqon zrtijuek

Q v> S
MT
jT
MgT
YT
F MOZ V

#
9
^ -=

3
-sZfhUsuhkwjOjuz{f9hUxsuk
-=I-v,9
= % - 0 hj=B vB B &
%vchkzfju sr

8+8+8
Bvr {F{
8+88
FB
?vr {J
d]egfvjx}~pjuqtjurhjutzrjhn jun qxxj|e9h&P RQ"

?v S LNM ?T gT
d]wljm9f9xikprqxjme9hB vB ]^ljmvjfsrsv&9^P hUz{fju sr
PF

?
8988
Fbw W} WV

F{ B
ivw- G 0
? |h%fhUwytzrh^sOs~qxprwyh-rsZes~n qxtrsDqxtwytfjurslsu } MOhkc M

P
h n prw iktqxtzrsiUhkz{fvjursWzjsu9x}~hkwFrh=vjuxs huj qfpvj fvjuqK"prh M~T FT ejuzrrs
iks"surhkzjujueiktqon zrxijuesurfhkwys~ejyzrs?mjZhU}~ju s P rUh zrxjylsukMUT UTMUT YT Wh
MgT
T
]
P !8+88
B { B ^!8 8 8 B % { ^
hn qxtwytfjurslsu= MrO!M3 BZh }

juqtikprqxh 8898
-~-{s~zrrh P
P
hn rhUzrtjZlsu } TY T7Br ejuzrrsZikssu9rhkzju jueiktqon zrxijuesurfhkwys~e jOzrs?mjZhk}~ju s
P rhUzrtj=lsu
T T!Br M T T g
h M T T c hn jylrsmghiu ju srsljmvjms~qks~n xrh3zrs

lq juzrsOrzrsDlrtwyhkt9Ys K"pjuvjuz{f9hu

"!
y
#
3
2
1
0
4
2
3
z
2
1
1
0
0
1
2
x
8+88
- {]"
8988
r{ B 8 8 8 X {% ^

O juqtikprqxh8+88
} -{s~zrrh
] W

jmju 5sDrsOlq juzrsy Br

h n r hUfhU9wyxzjurs lsu ]g`

T!]~
T
!T rB
B
]
hn sLes~n qtxrsWqtxwyfvjurs lsuO

}
~]

lr9sughiu ju s zrslq juzrs h n qxxwDtfvjujlsu
# U#
9
^ -=

1
-1
-1
ejuzrrsikssurhUzjujueiktqon zr9xijuesurfhkwys~ej zrs?mj hU}~ju s P rhUf9hUwytzjuj lsuk+]

T T r
B
MgT jT!]^h MgT YT cqxs~}~sr
X

8988

} ~-{]"!
8
8
8
{ ]

{ juqtikprqxh 8898
-{s~zrrhjP h^n qtxwyfvjurs3lsu
B
h
2
0
-2
0
-2
0
2
P
h^n rhUfhU9wyxzjursylsu } T T
W e lrsmghiu ju szrsylq juzrsyhn qxtwytfjuj
lsu } T Br e9juzrrsik ssurhUzjujueikxqon zrtiju esurf9 hkwys~ejOzrs?mjDhk}~ju soP rhUfhUwDxzjuj
lsuk jTUT
IMT jT h MgT T +cqxs~}~sr
J~-{ 8 8 8 BJ"% %
F

~|h%fhUwytzrh^sOs~qxprwyh-rsZes~n qxtrsDqxtwytfjurslsuprwyjZhke9h%vjDrh^juxsZ
88+8

"!
#
ABhkqxjye9xwyh%f9 jZrses~n qxtrsijuqxikprqxjuwys~esys~qtprwyhjyikjuqxsufvjye9plhUtsu jhke9hUvjhwprqftlqtxijuwys~e
sZ9hke9prqtfjursDlsu
es~n qxtrsh n rhUzrxrslsu
MgTU T W ejuzrrsiks"surhkzjujueJikxqon zrtijueJfhUwys~9e K"prh
sDzrssDers~n qxxrsbhn rhUzrtrsDlsu MYT T I MT gT h MT T crqxs~}~sr
PF

8+88
~-{]"
8

|h%fhUwytzrh^sOs~qxprwyh-rsZes~n qxtrsDqxtwytfjurslsu

h n rhUzrxrsWlsu } ]|T
fhkwDs~eKprh szrssOers~n qxxrsWh n rhUzrtrsOlsu
P
PF!8898
{{

8
F " |

%
W W h } ]
]m
b}
W W ejuzrrs iUssurhkzjujueDikxqon zrtijue

] TY
T ]m MgT T!]-h&MgT T cqxs~}~sr
8
]m

8 F " |
|h%fhUwytzrh^sOs~qxprwyh-rsZes~n qxtrsDqxtwytfjurslsu L

%
h
]>}

}

#
9
^ -=

P
hZn rh%zrxrslsuY ] }R }R T T b b ejuzrrs ikssu9rhkzjujueiktqn zrxijue-fhkwDs~e
prh|sDzrssyes~n qtxrsbh^n rhUzr trsDl su ]9} TU T IMT gT h MT T o crqxs~}~sr
K
PF

{]" 8 8 8
B"% ^

8+8+8
;=<
PPZH]c EÂ I3c I3XX|_E HS M I3X
hj v prwls~zfs=zrshUeljik s= pjue|iUssurhkzjujue-hkekhUn xikjue|eUju sLs~zrrh
hyn jrtefju zrikxjrsls~z{fs jf su9x}~hkw hZn s ju zr}~prqxssu9wjurslhUqxshk 5rsls~e9fts rs~ebhDs
e9hk}~wDhkz{f9sDrhh%fvjYK"prhqxt}j MMjhh^n s ju zr}~prqxsZsuwjursOlhkqtsyhk 5sZls~e9tfsZrs~eyh
sDehk}~wyhkzfsDrh|hUfvjKprh|qxt}j jZf sut}~hkw

s~zrrh

r
O
%

}
MIMYT O
h

MT^T
Frs K prh|rhUzrhprwyjOhk}~ju sDzrsZhkeljik s

"!
#
(x,y,z)
(x,y,0)
juiksu juzrsZjZf9vjuzresuwjiu ju shun

Bv
B

?
&
ivw- G 0
?d]w ikssu9rhkzjujuehkekhUn xikjueprwjhke9hUvjZrh^vjutsyhun

]
Q" 9 2S 3 MYT T MT T V

R
sDijmvjui%fhU[Zjurs~elsu
eiks~zrhkeiUtikprqxjmhkeiks~w hk 5s~eiks~tzrikxrhUz{fhUeiks~w sDhk 5rsZrs~eDeUju

RQ" 9 9S Y MW} % UmIMYT

s~zrrh%
jue9s~e ljmfxikprqxjmhkek
hÛ MOh M hUlrhkehkz{fjDsDe9hUwyhk 5sOls~e9tfsDrs~e
x hU L
h F hUlr9hke9hkzfvjysDehkwyhk 5sZzrhU}jmftsZrs~e
xt h%
h hUlrhUe9hkzfvjysZlqxjuzrsZ
tr h MZ%|
h UusZiks~zrh jmrh ljmvjDiUxwj
h %^
Wh %usDiks~zrh jmrh ljmjZju 5sr
gT
V
#
9
^ -=

ers~n qxxrsqtxwyfvjursDlsu
}
}
L ]h
}R
}R
T!Bhkw ikssu9rhkzjujue hke9UhUn 9xijue h n

jursDlsu
P
Q" 9 >S U ]~ OMT^TF MT T V
R
0
-1
-2
2
-1
-2
-2
-1
0
1
2
-sZfhUsuhkwjOjuz{f9hUxsuk
-=I-v,9
= % - 0 hj=BB { %
% " 9 hkz{fkju sr

8988
Bvr { {
8+8+8

B r
d]egfvjZt}~pjuqxjurh^juxzrjbh-n jun qtxje9hjP RQ" S j MW} &OMYT

d]wljm9f9xikprqxjme9hB vB ]^ljmvjfsrsv&9^P hUz{fju sr
= PF

?
8898

gT
F MT^T V

r
ivw- G 0
? juqtikprqxh|sZs~qtprwyh-rsyes~n qxtrsZqtxwyfvjurs3lsuprwjOhUe9hUvjDrh|vjuxsDyikhkzf9vjujyzjOsux}~hkw
]
88+8
-{ 8 8 8
8 8 r
8 r B
juqtikprqxh 8898

"!
~-{Zs~zrrjh P h|n sDes~n qtxrsDqtxwyfvjurs3lsu
!
ejuzrrsiks"surhkzjujue hkekhUn xikjue-f9hkwys~eaMoT TR

]~ MoT oT j
h MoT

hk}~ju sDzrsZhkeljik s ABsus~pf9sDqxjurs ! hu

8+8+8

T
# U$

}
~]

F KprhrhUzrhprwj

~
"

8
8
!
8 %

8 8
B 8
B J 7]?&
juqtikprqxh 8898
} } -{Ds~zrrh P |h n sDes~n qtxrsZqxxwDtfvjurse9plhUxsu9wyhkzfh|lsu
} }` ] B] ht zrhUtsuwyhkzfh-lsu3 }

0
1
0
0
kh e9hUvj- } } ] B] hkwiUssurhkzjujue kh e9Uh%n xijueU{fhUwiks~wys-hqKpjim ju sr3

h|syiks~zrhu B cqts~}~sr MT UT % MT^T B h MT T F
e
#6
9
^ -=

88+8

!

}
} ~-{]"!8
8
8 r

8 8 ! r
8 X
] M w ]
%

{ juqtikprqxh 88+8
! ~-{Ds~zrrh P h|n sDes~n qtxrsOqxxwDtfvjurs3lhUq jZhUe9hUvjDiUhkz{fvjujDzj
sut}~hkw rh^vjutsYBZhs~e iks~zrhke } h }
B
-4
-2
4
4
2
0
-2
-4
ejuzrrsiks"surhkzjujuehke9Uh%n xijue jhqK"pjiu ju sj3hke9hUvj } }L ] h n BOhjuers~eiks~zrhke

} h^ } ekju sr h
rhkeglhkiUf9tmjuwyhkzfh cqxs~}~srjhk}~ju sOzrs
hkeljiU s `h|n rhUzrxjDlsu+ MYT UT7BrIMYT g T Lh T T

~-{ 8 8 8 X r ^
8+8+8

!

&7]?k X 7]?%

5
*

"!
]k juqxiUprqxhjue 9e hk}~prtz{f9hketz{fhU}uvjuxek
]~[ ]? 8
8 8 } } r~-{]"
]~ 8
8 8 " {
]~ ~ 8 8 8 {F {

s~zre9xrh%h3syes~n qtxrsDqtxwyfvjurslsuY } }
juqxikprqth^sOs~qxprwyh-rsyes~n qtxrsrr j ZkhUzrrsr

& ~
8
8 "%
[ ]? 8
8

]~ 8
8
8
-{

X
]~ B{ 8

8 8 rr{B-
]~ 8
8 8 X " ~-{

g
}Rj ]hs~e lq juzrs~eikssurhUzjurs~ek
~ { {

8 8 8{ ~ "
8
8~
B{ 8
m
ji jZjZwprjuzBi jDrh-ujm9jmn hkqzrhkikhUe9ejmn xjZljmvjZikjuqxikprqxjmjuee9hk}~prxzfhkexzfhk}uvjutek

X
X
]? 8 8
-{J~
8

X

X
8 8
!
8

8
8

{J~

8

B{ 8
8 8 } } {J~
Bu juqxiUprqxhu
Br ]?
88
- {]"s~zrrYh P hn s es~n qtxrs=qxtwytfjursylhkqts~e-lqxjuzrs~e W M M h3lhUqxs
ljmvjms~qs~n xrh^ }
Br
88
-~-{s~zrrh P hZn ses~n qtxrsqtxwyfvjurslhkqtsljmvjms~qks~n xrhb BJ } B hZlhUqxs
ljuqxzrsO Br
Br 8+8
~-{]"rs~zrrh P hkefjn juiktwjjhk}~ju slq juzj3qxtwytfvjuj|lhkqxjueikp9mjueO

O3 ]^hjmju 5rsOrsZlq juzrsy ]>} }

9
^ -=

Br B{88
~-{]"rs~zrrhP
h n s-fhUf9vjuhUsrh JhUn fxikhUe MMM%w]~MM%r M Mh MM %
4-hUf9hUwytzrh^sOs~qxprwyhu
]?rsyers~n qxxrsOqxtwytfjurslhkqxsDikxqtxzrsO`
h|lhkqxs~e lq juzrs~e!
MZh- } ]~

Brses~n qtxrs^qxxwDtfvjurs lhUqxsiktqxtzrsO
Bhlhkqxs~e lq juzrs~e~ M{ h M
H,9vw-= ? `r &% - rh^prwjZprzBiu ju sD`Bv e9surhjhk}~ju os P hn rhUzrtrsDlsuk
9 8898
Bvr~-{ {
-hUfhU9wyxzrhs mjuqxsu|w hUn rxsj przBiu ju
s B v e9surhDsikpsiks~w q jurs~e-rhDiUs~wDlr
wyhkzfs K"prhDhkegfj n zrslr9xwyhkssiUfvjuzfhOiks~w prw JhUn 9ftikhZzj sux}~hkw hZjmhkefjue^ljmvjuqthkq jue^jus~e
hk 5rs~e ikssurhUzjurs~ek
juqxiUprqxhuprejuzrrsyiUssurhkzjujueikxqon zrtijuek
hn jZhk}~ju sDiks~zftjDrhkzf9srsyiktqxtzrsZ } ]
]? 8898
} -{rs~zrrh P

h|hkz{fhs~e lq juzrs~e3 Oh^3 Br
~-{rs~zrrh P h^n sZiks~zrh }b TU T!]~
8+88
}

P
8+88
]>} } ~-"s~zrrh P RQ" v9 S } TYT!] V

juqxiUprqxhuprejuzrrsyiUssurhkzjujuehke9UhUn tijuek

h
P
h
n
x
q
x
D
w
t
v
f
u
j
r
l
u
s
J

m
j
u
j
5rslhkqxs|iks~zrh 3
h juiktwj
]? 8988
} } -{r~s~zrrm

lhUq jZhUe9hUvj
~-{"s~zrrjh P RQ"v+ S } } T ] V
8+88
} }

~-{ s~zrrhjP h|n sDes~n qtxrsOqxxwDtfvjurs3lhUq jue hke9hUvjue } }
88+8

} }

h- } } y k%
-{ s~zrrh P h|n sDers~n qxxrsZqxtwytfvjurs3lhkq jue e9plh% on ikthke }
B{ 8+88

] W W h BW
88+8
} } ~-{]"r"s~zrr&h P Q"v9 S }b } T 4 ]T V
~9
m juqxiUprqxhsOs~qxprwyh-rsZes~n qxtrsDqxtwytfjursr
]?
ABsu3 BL h^lhkqxsOlq juzrsO

"!

ABsu3
}
h- } }

ABsu3
}F
h ]

B{ABsu3
}
h B
W L

] Mm juqxiUprqxh 8988
} } -{s~zrrh? NMOhsZes~n qxtrsZrhUzrtrsylsu

P
RQ"v9 S } } T!] V

] ]k juqtikprqxh 8+88
]J~-"rs~zrrh P h-n suwjurs3lhkqxs3lrtwyhkt9s3siUfvjuzfh-rsOhkqxles~n xrh-rs
h65hUi~on ikxs ] Mm LNM%
U#
9
^ -=

"!
#%$%#
&(' ,)* + -(.0/1*

24365 3%798 8 /;:=< 7>3 <@? 3BACDAE8
F=GHJIKGLNM ODPRQSUTWVXZY\[^]>_a`Kb ]dcfegTihjcfkmnpl Tpo qfrsPRQtqvuxwxevwzyQ|{fQDVE}Rc~Tpkf{fqvTfq6fwzegTUQ
{fQQfwzUyQp~Qky Tpo qiQuxQEQ cf kfw n qfr
PRcqkf~T}RcfQuxwze Vm9Quzwxe Vm9r00kZy Tpo qf"TTtyq"{fqtD^DQfwzUyQ D^tyTpu}"cfQ
a`4Rgp@ wzev~uxw n TQe |Vmp J` QVmJ`1 rqe=q^YYD
q"{fQe=q Q n quzfQBY,yTpu}RcfQtàRs^"~qi}RcfQtT n TQByT~T X
` `VmdVm` Z
qe=qaQ T~wyT wzqffr
- 3B808 < 3BCDa3663BAECDA8
=F GHJIKGLNM OPRQSUTVXY;[,]>_^`Kb ]cfegTWhjcfkmnpl Tpo q{fQB~kfwz{~Tkfq n qkScfkyqTQByq@YyTpum}"cfQ
QwxUyQBeyqR{~Tp|Tp|{fQBwpTp{~Tp T wTpwx|Qe n Tp{~TWqkZyq@{fQYQ n Tp{~TcfegT={fQBuTpQ n qkZy6 kZc~T@kfq
qkyqYDr>Jky Tpo qgVQ {fwzhjQBQnk n w6T QuQe
pr
TQe=qTgfqT@{fqWyQqpQegTgTT@ r n Tpq@QBTputQ Tpk Tp uxqqfrPRQSUTpe1p Q
BRyTpu}"cfQ0 YDr0|QkfqpyQe=q qps Vm>>R`Vm6~Qky Tpo qfX

Vm9>R`Vm>RVm>^R`Vm
|QB~k~Tpe=q Thjcfkmnpl Tpo qiUmVmKm4R6ZQuzqyQBqpQegTD{fqiTpuxqp eQB {fwxqDTT
hjcfkmnpl qo Qm{fQJcfegTsTw6T QuQwxUyQ6yTpu}RcfQ>`|RZ%qcDQ}"cfwzTpuxQkyQe=QBkZyQX
Vm>^0^R`Vm>^R0d KV >4Z>R
|QB~k~Tpe=qThjcfkmnpl Tpo qUDVmsKR%=69QuzqyQqpQe=T{fqTpuxqpeQB {fwxqTT
hjcfkmnpl qo Q{fQcfegTDpTw6T QufQfwzUyQ 60yTpu}RcfQD`0d 6qcX
#%$
E U
, |W E

Vm>R`Vm6>d KV >4R
Jky Tpo qi d KV 00^R KV p>R~qcX
Vm>^0^R`Vm>d V >4>R V p04R
|QkfqpyQqp6X Vm>>R`Vmm` KV pm` V 6

V JpJ^R` KV 6Q
V pp0R` V p6r9Jky Tpo q
^

^

^ sQ ^ rmQuxT n qkZywzk"cfwz{~Tp{fQs{~Tp>{fQBwpTp{~TpmT n wTpwx9kfq|qkyq
i~QBcfQ}RcfQtVQ {fwxhjQBQk n w6T QBukfqvqkZyqipr
I
H DH M0 H OtPRQDVQ {fwzhjQBQk n w6T QukfqiqkZyqipQBkZy Tpo q=VQ n qky kZc~TvQepr
ri TpqQTpuDQv Tpk Tp uzqqfrDQQe=q|fqT6}RcfQTTyqR{fqW\@QwxUyQ\yTpu
}RcfQX|Vmfn ÈVm64Q|v`R^Zr0PRQVQ {fwxhjQBQBk n w6T QukfqtqkZyqpRQkZy Tpo qf
TT"\QwxUyQs^yTpu}"cfQpX
Vmf`Vm6` V =à6` V 6Dà @àR
Q`^6r>|QkfqpyTQBe=q qp6X
fm KV 6và V 6à
Qky Tpo qfX
Vm`VmVmf`Vm6`f
Vm`Vmm`df@àRd f
mqpsqcyqvuxTp{fqf

"!
#%$
V g` V gà6 D`
K

K

V Bt`6 V =` t`

K

|QkfqpyQevq qp qve=Tpwxqp QkyQ V ZQ V 6 rQBQe=qX
p @àR
Qky Tpo qfX
Vm`Vmd @àR
Tp{fqiDfQSUT=

~Q@@àRZ~yQe=qDVmf`Vm64Zr
F=GHJIKGLNM M0I OPRQVEXYd[4] _ `Kb ] Q cfegThjcfkmnpl Tpo q={fQ n uxTpQ kfqqkyqp
Qky Tpo qiTTiyqR{fq D\xzxz yQeiQpX
V % $^ V ' $
K! #"
K"& K
TT )*
( ~r
TQe=q TfqTv{fqiyQqpQegTDTT rJ n TpqvQBTpu Q Tpk Tp uxqqfr
qkfwx{fQBQe=q|6rsPRQSUTpe1viyTpu}RcfQg `Z0p,+ àZs[YQ
` Zr>Q~k~Tpe=qTp hjcfkmnpl qo QBX
Q .>VmpU`DVm
- U9 Vm%U`tVmZDp `DVmD6iVmp6/
Qky Tpo q - U0
.>U0` .f r
Q{fQWcfegTpTw6T Q3u TE2 hjcfkmnpl Tpo qf4X .fqkf{fQ
1 ~uxw n Tpkf{fqqyQqpQe=T{fqTpuxqpeQB {fwxqTThjcfkmnpl q
o
>fQwxUyQs60yTpu}"cfQ .0U0` .05 . 0ZqcX
V >f>U` V >Zp6
- 9
K
Qo KV Q KV Tpo q n qky k"c~Tp kfqDqkyq@6r 1 ~uzw n Tpkf{fqqtyQqpQegTt{fqDpTpuzqpeQ {fwzq

1 hjcfkmnpl q
TTvhjcfkmnl qo Q|{fQtcfegTTwT Qu6T aJ KV 0ff~pJQwxUyQ6
yTpu}"cf7Q 0Um8` 9 "KV >Zp0B qcX

#%$
E U
, |W E

- U> "KV 0f>%

|Qhjqpe=TiTpk Tp uzqTTT "f9Vm0`VmfRqpfyQe=qX
V
- U>
K 0f> %
6QX
V JZB>f9 V >f>%
KRK
KK
hT Qkf{fqt`b QiuxQeDfTpkf{fq}"cfQgTp{fQwzTp{~TpT n wTpwx{fQ=Qcfkf{~Tqp{fQBe Tpo q n qkZy6 kZc~Tp
fq pTpevqsqyQqpQe=Tr
I
H DH M0 H OtPRQDVQ cfe=Thjcfkmnpl Tpo qg{fQ n uxTpQ Qky Tpo qfX
V 9vVm
>

PRQSUTU>Vm> "B 6%Q cfegTshjcfkmnpl Tpo q{fQwzT QuR{fQcfegT pTwT Qucywxuxw6Tpkf{fq
TQpTi{~T n Tp{fQwT~{fQBwzTpe=qX
9 V R
V > V
iVm
>
qpsqcyqiuTp{fq V m %r

G M> H O egT n cT{fwzhjQBQk n w6T QumTTpe=Qyw!Tp{~T#"TpTpkf{fq@qp|Qe] _ Q {fQByQU
e=wzk~Tp{~Tqpkhjcfkmnl qo Q{fwxhjQQk n wT QwxX
"9X%$=[4] `Kb(]
#
\ 6xxzDyTpu"}"cfQ&">9 UpU6zxzxxzxz UQ&"969pqkf{fQ'$=[4] r 1 {fQBwzTp{~T
{fQ("Q) "U+* U+* %6xxzxzxxz, _* U-r egT _ n cUpTTTpe=Qyw!Tp{~T-"Qe Y[]>_Qv yTpu
}RcfQ.">/$J[YDr
I HDH M0 H O PRQSUTp E
,0rPRQ1iVm 6 ( 2 sQkZy Tpo q3iVm 6Q
kfqpegTpuTpq~uTpkfqyTpkfQkyQtT
40skfqiqkyqpp r
PRQSU5T "cfegT n cUpTqpfQTcQh n wzQ
40DyTpu}"cfQ">6 6mTTTpuzcfe ^] r
Jky Tpo q=Vm6">U 7fqwz8"EQyQk n Q T 2
,06r

"!
m
V
6"9U

uxqqfX

#%$
Q v Vm6"9U " 9
vVmp 6 " 69
Tp uzwx{fqTTi}"c~Tpux}"cfQB n cpTQe
40 TpTpkf{fqvqpDp %r
UyqQ
F=GHJIKGLNM O=PRQSUT@VaXfY[] _ `b ],cfegT=hjcfkmnpl Tpo q{fwxhjQBQBk n w6T Qum{fQ~kfwx{~TWkfq@TQByqWYQt
cfeqkyqvQRyQevqiuzq n Tpu{fQtVr>0kZy Tpo q
iVm69 2
PRcqkf~T|}RcfQ0=Q0 qkyq|{fQe^T fwze=qs{fQ Vr 9TTyqR{fq @]0_Thjcfkml Tpq QTpuK9VmZ
qUcfwcfe;qkZyqv{fQe^T wxe=qQe;>fQuTQpT{~T n Tp{fQwxTX npo

U s
vVm6 +
2

Q=Twxc~Tpuz{~Tp{fQTpuxQTT@yq"{fq 0 Qky Tpo q iVm6 2 r 1 fq pTQ= Tpk Tp uxqTWQQ qkZyq{fQ
e kfwxe=quxq n Tpu{fQDVr
F=GHJIKGLNM O
T PR Q îQY,fQky Tpo qiQ qkyqi{fQe kfwxe=q{fQVr
K PR Q NîQY,^~Qky Tpo qvQ| qkyq={fQe^T wxe=q{fQVr
n PR Q N^~Qky Tpo qk Tpo qQ qkZyqv{fQe kfwxe=qkfQe1{fQeT fwxevqD{fQDVr
{fwzyqqkyqv{fQQuxTi{fQDVr
q n Tpq n iQ
PRcqkf~Ti}Rcf Q fuzqqvY ( r

VmmY Y $ Y
TpeDTpTp T n QBuTpsyQeqve=QUe=qiUwxk~Tpu}RcfQY\QtVmiUQQqe=QkyQUQpX

Y

Qky Tpo qgVmmiQQqevQkZyQQ@r
#%$
E U
, |W E

T PRQYd^~yQe=q tVm>Vm0QgiQ| qkyqv{fQe kfwze=q{fQDVr
K PRQY\^yQe=qVm0VmmQ=iQ qkyqv{fQe^T fwze=qD{fQDVr
`3Y

fyQe=qBX
n PRcqkf~T=}"cfQ NîQY ( ~{fQkfqpyTpkf{fqvqp Y
`5$
$
VmY

Y
Y

VmfQQqe=QkyQQpX
i Y Y`
qc ` Y YE

uxqqfVm0îQg Y YE` qcg` YYE Q

Vmf0^Qg Yd` qc@g` Y r

mqpyTpkyqffkZcfegTR!w wzkf~Tpkmn l Tv{fQ=Vyqe=TTpuxqpQBskfQTywzq Qqwzywqr
PRQY~Qky Tpo qWVmf | a ~uxqq ( n Tpq n qkZy~T wxq ~Qky Tpo qfX
Vmfm| *
af%
qpUyTpkZyqfX
wj Vmf0^QQqe=QBkZyQQ
g^
Q *
ag^
qc

g^ Q *
ag^
wxw VmJîQQUqe=QkyQUQ
g^
Q *
ag^
qc

g^ Q *
ag^
F=GHJIKGLNM OPRQSU#T ,VmfcfegTihjcfkmnpl Tpo qg{fQ n uxTpQ k"cfe n qkScfkZyq@TQByq [] r PRQ
6 Q cfeqkyq n yw n qi{fQDVf{fQkfqpyQBe=q qp6X
Yfm V f m V f =fm V f

"!
#%$
@fYf=` f%
T PRQY6^Q p6^QBkZy Tpo q6=Q qkZyqi{fQe kfwxe=quzq n Tpu{fQtVEQe r
K PRQY6iQ pB ^~Qky Tpo q6=Q qkyqi{fQe^T wxe=qDuzq n Tpu{fQtVEQe r
n PRQ @6^QBkZy Tpo q6=Q qkZyqi{fQQBuTi{fQtVEQe r
{ PRQ pB0~k~Tp{~TQqR{fQ n qk n uxcfw6r
PRQSUT= r>qkfwz{fQBTpe=q TiUQcfwxkyQthjcfkmnpl Tpo qv{fQcfegTDpTw6T QuX
.p9Vm> . 7Z9 . 6>%
.{fQ n QBQq n qevqpyTpe=Qkyq={fQiVaTpqWuxqkfqW{~T=QByTW}"cfQtTpTgQuzq=qkyq6QDk~T
{fwzQl Tpq 7 "% 6>%r|QkfqpyQe=qqp
\ . 7ZQ4 . 6>cfTpkf{fq@T
QpnpTio {~T n Tp{fQBwT~{fQBwQe=q Tihjcfkmnpl Tpo qX
.9 V 9 7ZK V m 6>

Qky Tpo qf .Q| qkyq n 6 yw n qv{fQr>|QBwzTpkf{fq=kfq pTpevQkZyQpX
.p> K V 9 7 K KV 9 7 " 6>~ K V m 6
T Qkf{fqY\ K V 6% K V V 6 7ZsQD 6>

qpfyQevqX
9Y a
T qe=qY1@Q QuxqyQqpQBegTTpkyQBwzqp QBkZy Tpo qEqcfw>cfeqkZyq{fQ
e kfwxe=qgQe .vrNTcfe=QkyqgTpuxQDTTyqR{fq r
qqVaqcfwmcfe qkZyq{fQ
e kfwxe=quxq n TpuQe 6r0 {fQe=Tpwx n Tpqs n Tpe n qe=qvQQB n n wxqBr
F=GHJIKGLNM OPRQSUTpe VfXmY [;] _ `Kb ]Nhjcfkmnpl qo Q={fQ n uTpUQ ra|QkfqpyQevqqp
\cfe
n qkScfkyqt{fQ k Qu~{fQr>PRQV=yQecfeqkyq{fQ e^T fwze=q qcv{fQ e kfwxe=q
Q t6 (
Qky Tpo qvQ%fwxyQ ] yTpu}"cfQ vVm 9
.D6%
,Q Tpk Tp uxqqfrPRcqkf~T}"cfQT cTa{fQk QBu
TQe=qvTfq pTTTa\ q n TpUq
{fQvQ=Q n QBTk~ThjqpegT@TTpeQB yw n T ">|UU Qg}"cfQ(" U n U U ( "
n qkfwz{fQBQevqTiUQcfwxkyQhjcfkmnl Tpo q={fQcfegTDTw6T Qu JU9 Vm6 ">U
#U$
E U
, |W E

VmUUyTpu}"cfQD KBr qevqVaqcfwmcfeqkZyqQRyQe=qgQBeQBkZy TpqfQ%fwxyQ
yTpu}RcfQ qUcfwscfe(qkZyqQyUQe=qEQe(p uzqqf UvEQQuxTEo QpT{~T
n Tp{fQwxTX
V UU V UU vVmmUU " %
U9
K

| QkfqpyTpkf{fq| BQ n Tpu n cfuTpkf{fq

6>yQe=q iVm "6>qpyTpkyq
vVm6tQ" D Tpqqpyqqk~TpwxBrqe=q iVQg
qpUyqqk~Tpu Tp2 cTp{fQWk Qu{fQ@V9kfq
qkyqtTp n cpTps{fQko Qu{fQWQ{fQDV{fQBQe1QByTpkfQkZyQQ vVmn 9.t r
.m< 798v0C C
:
F=GHJIKGLNM
fODPRQSUTgVX\`b(] n q ky kZc~TvqpfQir90kZy Tpo qfX

Vmf

0

Vmf $

0
Vmf $
qkf{fQK + 7 r
wQe=q K %pQ n qkfwz{fQBQevqThjcfkmnpl Tpo q V X 7 `Kb ]{fQB~kfwz{~TqpV 9Vmf
TTyqR{fq\ 7 rqe=qV Q n qky kZc~TQBe 7 =QE wxkyQpT QuQe 7 {fQ~k~Tpe=q
Y6> !0 Vm ~r 0q pTQe=q}RcfQThjcfkmnpl Tpo qfX>Y\X%`Kb ] Q| wxkyQpT QBuQe%QX

Y g
"
Vm
qe=qTpkZyQBQSUT 7i zxzxd _ cfegT=TywUnpl Tpo qW{fQqp{fQe {fQ 7 yTpu}"cfQ

` 7

~uxqqfX
_
$
# !')(+*$,
Y9 %
Vmf
')(
&
mQuzqiyQqpQegT{fqvpTpuzqp eQ {fwxqTTvwzkZyQpTpwxByQe=qX
')(+*$,

')(
Vm tVm"& - &/. 9` &
qkf{fQ & - & &0. UJ & - Jq Quze=QkyQ{fQBQkf{fQt{fQfQBkZy Tpo qfX

"!
$#
_
%
Ym Vm & - U &0. m` &
&
mQuxTi{fQB~kfwnpl Tp
o q={fQwzkZyQpTpuTTihjcfkmnl qo Q{fQcfe=TTw6T QBuX
_
$
#

Vmf $ @ Y g _ uzwxe . % Y . >à6
0
&

#)
qkf{fQ|4 xxzx4 _ Q cfe=TTywUnpl Tpo q{fQqp{fQe{fQv%yTpu}RcfQ @ `
$#
_
Q i . Ur qkfUwx{fQBQ)7 & ; & ) & uzqqgY > % Vm 7 & &/. 9à &
&
Q
$#
_
Y W _ uzwxe . % Y . 9 à9

Vm 5$

$# _ #
_
_ uxwze . % % Vm 7 & % &0. 9 à & . 9à9
&

!

|Qhjqpe=TiTpk Tp uzqTfq TQ}RcfQ

0
!

Vm $

Vmf K
Vm r
IHDH M0 H OPRQtVX

`Kb ] Q n qky k"c~TvQuxwze=wzyTp{~TUqpfQ ~Qky Tpo qfX
jw PRQ Q cfe=TQw Tpo qi{fQywzq X

Vm

wxw PRQ Q cfegTDQw Tpo qi{fQywq X

Vm

0

,

'
, '
Vmf $
Vm $
RP Q K%/+ 7 |Q [ iqR{fQevq@cywzuxw6TWyqR{fq@qQBcfuzyTp{fqTpkZyQwxqpQBr0e

Tyw n cfuT TTwxkyQpTpwzswyQBTp{~Tpr>|QhTyqf
#
E U
, |W E

Vmf
V - t

0
V - $ @
V p- f #$ K
!

wj>PRcqkf~T}RcfQ Qs cfe=TQw Tpo q{fQ ywzq f{ Q~kfwx{~Tqp6X - "9X%`Kb ]s \ r>qkfwz{fQBQ

V -f $ r
0

2
D
1
c
a
wfTpkf{fqiKfV - Q uzwxe=wyTp{~TDQ n q ky kZc~TQ n QyqfqUwzQuze=QkyQQe{fqwz qkZyqBKuzqq

0
V - f
QwxUyQe=TpV - miQ |7 g - Q - g r

0
V p- f t

,

V p- f t
qwzV V - Qe r90kZy Tpo qfZQ Qs {fQywq X

wxw PRQ Q f{ qiywq KTfq pTQt Tpk Tp uxqTr

,

Vmf
Vm K

,

Vm $ r

"!
#%$'&
(*)+(-,.)0/21 354768)+4
9;:=<?>@ACBEDACFHGJILKNMOQPRDSUT=VWPRD'XZY[P\F> ]^P\FN_`B'XZB=Ma>bOQA"cUTed]f>@U@UdAgP\YhSfDAi> ckjRP\]UY=T=cl P\FZY=mUFNmUB=nopT[P\c`q
XZ]UrUGÔQP\B'B=KNG^> cUcUXZB'AC]`qHstT=B'FNTe_vu0mkwKxlxAUK
9zy{<}|xTed'B=G^~0KNMl P\FZY=mUFNmUB=nUaACFK0y`n ACF;DqopT=XZ]UYhSu0mkwK
9R<~P\]UrUGJKZMal P\FNY=mUFZmUBpAC+`TejgTdhP\FaPRdXZPRw^FZT\GU> cUcUXNB'AC]`qstTeB'FZTe_`TedXNT=BXN]vOQPRDSUT=ViPRDXZY=BeK
9\<~XZViPkGUKZM0lxmkdB'AicUT> ] P\ FZXNB'TLnU0cK0 ]UX;jgTedB'X;DPR dXZPkK
9z{<OQPRdBcUT=]GUKqHstT=XN]UBDT=XN]G>KNMl P\FZYemUFZmUB 'G^'G"@UdXZ]UrCTedEq0TedFP\rUK
9R<? B'B'TdVWP\]GoKZM0IxxAXZVT=]UB'XZAC]^P\Fl P\FZYemUFZmUB=n^ TeaA\d'GUPRd'Y=ACmkd'D[G|dhP\Y=TstA\dFZcK
9z{<?"D'Te PRd'D[GUKZMal P\FZY=mUFNmUB=GJl AC]UY=T@UDB P\]UcflxAC]gDTG|dA"A\kBhClxACFZTuamkw^FNXZB'SUXN]UrWlxACV@P\]g_gGkD@K
9R<`T=TeFZTe_gG\oKZMl P\FNY=mUFZmUBAC^`TejgTedhP\FgaPRdXPRw^FNT=B=M> ]]D'd'A`cUmUYeDXNAC]nLFNT=]j`XZTeGRFZFK+`Y=A\DD[G\A\dT=B'VWP\]K
9R<bXNFZYhSUT=B=GOKql A\d'd[T[ PkGÔKNMlP\ FZYemUFZAUM+aACFNmUViT n^ KXZViT\KmUTedKwUdCY=P\FZY=mUFNAUK

"
# ! %$'&( )
*,+.-/+102+4357698;:<+1:=>39+10@?>3576BAC:<6+ED1D;:<+E=>39+10GF13H5I=;:<6J8;:<+43B+10GA13H5LK :NMC:<6+439+10OD>3H5P6+4FC:NMC+1:<6+4M13
*@MQ-RMC02+43JMSMC0O?>3B6J8TMC0GF13UMC+V6WDYX FSMC0GA13Z?TMC0@D>36+4F
*[?\-^]_a`(5Ibc3d
?;0e+43f +E=>g1MC+?;0O?>3B69M X M1ga?S?;0OF13H6J?aK(g X Fa=1=>Fh?;0GA13 X ?>ga?i?;0O=>3f ?>gC+<K
*jKa-kK 0e+43%Ma?>g\KlK 0O?>3i6+4ga?m*@FQ-UFC02+435nFC:8;:NA13oFC0@?>35nMC:=;:NM13oFC0OF135nM1MC:NFap;:<6+43FC0GA135P6J?;:=;:?>3qFC0@D>3
5P69MC:<6BFC:NM13VFC02+1+4357+1:<6BMC:<69M13
rtsvxu wy{zP|}v~
*,+.-+102+43.22 2 a+10GM13T\\ < e .,. \.+10O?>3 2 . e 2;T+10@K(3 1
.I 2 +10GF13Z\\ . e %.I 2 +10@8>3V\\ < e o 2J e2 c+10GA13V 2 . e % % a
ea^+10@p>3V;0J+10OD>3k.e2 ; 0
*[?\-R?;02+43V.22S{?;0OM13k%?;0O?>3k1 . 0*jKa-^.e,o[}>+o 2k e[}(+10*[FQ-5ID;:<6BMC:NF13
*[8\-^8;02+43Uh+1:V69MC:{]V?;:h69MS8;0@?>3Uh+4MC:VFC:]U6BM1AC:%69F
"
# ! %$'&( )%)
sH|x k R~
*@MQ-RMC02+43H+qMC0O?>3B+mV6mAQoMC0GF13VMU6W?Y V6KC;V6
MC0GA136+CCTMQTF(;.TFQ S;6qD\. ;6%p\;Y >5P+E=\;6%?a;<3E}57+;+E=\{{6%D\ 6qK1C<3
*[?\-^?;02+43U=S?;0O?>3{o?;0GF13JC .> tMQ{ > MC0OA13JC MQ
*jKa-}K 02+43Zt
*[8\-RFC02+43VMCFC0GM13k69MCFC0O?>3k+1FC0[K(3Z69MCFC0OF13Z+18;0O8>3ZM
*@AQACe+43
ACOD>3
*[D\-
-2
-4
-4
-2
ACO?>3
-4
-4
-2
0.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5
ACe+E=>3
ACOF13
-2
-0.5
-1
-1
-0.5
0.5
-2
-4
-4
-2
ACGA13
-2
-4
-4
-2

D;e+43
D;O?>3
D;OF13
D;GA13
D;OD>3
D;e+1+43
D;2+E?>3
200
3
150
2
1
100
*,+E=\-/+E=;02+43Z=;GF1AaD1p +E=;GM13
+E=;@?>3
*,+1+.-+1+10e+43 c5R: 3< 5R: 3}1h;aC9+1+10GM13c5R:{: 3<5R:{: 3} 5 Y C6qMQ{;3
"# ! %$'&(
0
200
50
50
150
100
100
150
50
200
20
40
60
80
100
120
z
z ;~t z Us zPwvw
*,+.-+10e+439=+10@?>39=+10GF13F+10GA135nM13*@MQ-MC02+439=MC0O?>39=MC0GF13 2*[?\-c?;0e+439=?;0GM13J= *[AQ-/AC02+43
1 E AC0@?>3AC0GF13k . 1 < l*jD\-Rh K
"# ! %$'&(

yz/vxwvx~
,* +.+10e+435nMQ6;3P{xc56 M\ 3+10GM13S?\C\U?\; +10O?>3MQ;15P+%68\ 3V?\;a5P+q6Ka;3+10[K(3

"! $#&% !
"! $#&% !
+10GF13VMQ "` 'E]a5 3 ( 5N;3;`)'E]a5 ;3(*}5 3+10O8>3 #,+ -/ .2013 2 # #4% + -/ .2013 2 # #4%
+10GA13B6 $ # #4% ! }6 5 # #&% ! +10Op>3 $ # #4% ! }6 5 #&% !
+10OD>3B6 }6 #
"! $# ! %76
"! $# ! %76
+10e+E=>3B9
6 /8 "` '4] ! ;5 :{3< 8 # "` 'E] !;5 :{3 1 = :'5 # ?3 @>
+10e+1+43 "! 2 # 6BA 8 2 # B!A 8 1 C : "#D!
+10e+4M13B6U "` '<5{ 3}6UKa{ "` 'E5 { 3H+102+E?>3k t)` '<5 3
+10e+<K(3k > ' #,E ! 1> ' #,E ! qMQ ' #,E !
+10e+4F13 A ! 5 "# ! ! $5# E ! ! GA E ! % F! #&GE7% ! $# ! "G! E $! # A ! G#HE ! % $! #45E7% ! $# ! "5! E$! # A ! GE"E ! % $! #45E7%
+10e+E8>3 I $ #&GE7% ! I $ #&GE7% ! I $ #45E7% ! +102+4A13 "! # 2 BA 8 E # ! 2 BA 8 E # 2 B A 8 E ! 1
:'5 43 AJ

+10e+Ep>3 X #,E X E
X #

# E

# E

# E
+10e+ED>3RMQ{C " !1>! ?\! V"k! Ka! ! ; B+10GMa"=>! 36o! 5L! } 3`"'E5 {}% 3N 6U`"'<5}h 3R6V`)'<5}
3
+10GMC+43 #&E E #
*jKa-xK 0e+4 3 #&E7 %D MQ #&iE7%6 D +K 0G M1#,3 E% D =K 0O?>3HKa6 +E?ah pK 0@K(3HKa6 +E?ah 6BMa=K 0OF13
+E8\q+4M\6 +4M1F 6BA1F%K 0O8>3 m9 M K 0GA13k8\S6+E8a6F M1FhK 0@p>3x%WB M K
K 0OD>3 KaT6 paK 0e+E=>3 p\T6mM\ pSK 0e+1+43 mSM\ ?SK 02+4M13 +
*@FQ-K p\TK1h6 Fl*[8\-R
R: =l*jp\-cp;02+43V p;0@?>36+4Ma=B+E=\S+4M\ +4Ma= 5P+4Ma=>3/6
+4Ma= 5P+4Ma=>3*[D\-^D;02+43H+1@=1=;+1+oD;0@?>369M\K O=1D1pD;0GF13UMa8;OD;+
*,+E=\
- C 1 a/ aaadk+E=;0e+43^8\{6K1 6UKa9+E=;0@?>36o5I?\Yh 3]_a`(5{Y%{;3\6q8\)` '<5{;
36U.]_\`Y5 U 3h+E=;0GF13M '4 ! $# ! 5nMQZ +43HM '4 ! $# ! 5nM\;Z+43h+E=;0GA13%69]_a`(5% 3
+E=;0OD>3B69M\;15 V6W?\{C?\Z6CE3g 5m;<3i6J8aYa5+43.5Z6mM\C<3g 5/;<3P
*,+E?\-{+E?;0e+43/6BMa]_a`(5 (3)` '<5 (3x+E?;0@?>3 (Hg L^\5 (3"` 'E].a5 (Hg L5 (335nHM L5 (3a6T+43i+E?;0OF1G3 (5P69MK (<]_a`(5P+4g (34
()
` '<5P+4g (33+E?;0OA13^HD (J+E?;0@D>31K ' +E?;0e+1+43c6q57+1 ' 3 A 3E6 ' ' q]_\`Y5 (3.;5 ' 6%+43%"` '<5 (3.5P+aq? ' 3
*,+<Ka-;+<K 0e+436+E=>`Q%+EH8 (U6BM 5L?>`QF (3+<K 0O?>369)` '<5nM (3x)` '<5nM1`Q3+<K 0OF136q5n&` ( 3 A 5nM ' . "` '<}5nM ' . g14` (33
6q5n&` (<3 A 5nM ' . 5nÙ6t+43)` '<5nM ' . g1&` (33
+<K 0GA13V`]_a`(5n&` (3g f +U65I?>` "` '<5n&` (33 T5I8>` (;]_\`Y5n&` (3g f +U65I?>` )` '<5n&` (33
+<K 0OD>3VM Y=Sq=+<K 0e+1+43VM1&` (4{M1&` (5nM V`43Z%M (a5 U`43
*,+4FQ- ;1 ( M/]g1`)', * +4AQ- .S\;..q o=;[Ka :`4g1`"'&
*@MC+.-VMC+10e+43T5LKaR:<+E=a 3oMC+10O?>3T5LKaR:<+E=a{:<6Jp 3qMC+10OF13T5J U <3 A 5IMQ:NM\:NM 3oMC+10GA13i5L5 ' E
'4Y3:$ ' E '4:5 '49W$ ' E 33VMC+10OD>3H5P+4gQR:<+4g\{:<+4g 3
*@M1MQ-RM1MC02+43B+E=aM1MC0@?>3B698>g1F{;\5nMQT6 3UM1MC0GF13B6U (*}53.5 X ?c (*\536 (*53 X ?/ 3
M1MC0GA13V"` '<5{;3ga?5L6WMQ3}tMa]_a`(5L 3ga?5 ;3
M1MC0OD>3B6 X ?1ga?5nM1"` '<5nMQ3]_\`Y5I?a;3"` 'E5LK 3:<6J?1]_\`Y5IMQ3"` '<5I?a 3)` '<5LK 3:
6UK>]_a`(5nMQ3]_\`Y5L?a 3]_a`\}5LK 33
M1MC0e+1+43k6 X ?>ga? 5k6T 6i 3M1MC02+E?>3 X ? '" #,E ga?95L 3M1MC0e+4F13Z5 f 5 6t+433 A
*@Ma?\-RMa?;02+43VM X +E?TMa?;0@?>3B+%Ma?;0GF13Z?iMa?;0GA13Z8TMa?;0@D>3V=
*@Ma8\-Ma8;0e+439+E?\+4F\J t+4F =Ma8;0O?>38\6lK1H6K 6 M=SMa8;0OF136l6K Dq =Ma8;0OA13
MQ6 HtM =TMa8;0@D>3k ga;k6 ;ga.k6 ga].9+
"# ! %$'&(
v u z
k~
" u z
~
!
*,+.-/+102+435L=;:=>39+10O?>3H5P6+1:<6BM13:R5P6+1:NM13:}5L=;:=>3:^5P+1:<69M13:^5P+1:NM135P+10OF1357+4g\K :<+E8>3:}5P+4g\K :<+E8>3
+10GA13H5P6+1:<6+43:R5P+4g1MC:<+4g1M13J+10OD>35I=;:=>3
*@MQ-MC0e+43x e MC0GM13x.MC0O?>3 2 MC0[K(3x 2 MC0OF13x.eSMC0@8>3x.eMC0GA13xMC0Op>3x e
*[?\?;0e+435L=;:=>3c 2 0l?;0GM13576 :<6 3T 2 0l?;0O?>35L=;:=>3c 2 h .a2%.ea.0?;0[K(3
q.ea.0?;0OF13i5P6 :<+E8>3R 2 0?;0@8>3i5I=;:=>3R 2 0?;0OA13i5 : 3 ;e 5P6+1:<6+43
e 0S?;0Op>35P+1:<+43} e 5P+1:<6+43^ 2 o ae.a0?;0OD>3 ;e0T?;02+E=>3
5P+1:NM13J e 0?;02+1+43%5nMC:<6J?>3 e 0?;0e+4M13%5 2 :=>3 ;e 576 2 :=>39 e 0?;02+E?>39

?;0e+<K(3 2 C. 0B?;0e+4F135P6 : 3{ 2 ?;02+E8>3o5I=;:=>3 e ?;0e+4A13q5I=;:=>3N

?;0e+Ep>3i5 :<6 3/ e ?;02+ED>3T5 : 3/ ;e ?;0GMa=>35P+1:<+43Z5P6+1:<+43Nc.a?;0OMC+43T5 X 6 MC:NM X 6 M13
e ?;0GM1M13H5P6+1:<6+43 2 0c?;0OMa?>357+1:<6BM13 e MC0OM\K(3H5I=;:=>3;TMC0OM1F13 .0
*jKa-}K 02+43U8ao6WD\+oK 0OM13UM\%6Ka6+
*@FQFC0e+43h5I=;:=;: %+43FC0GM13FC0@?>3 CT MCM X k6+SSS MCZ (FC0[K(39 KFC0GF139 8;:
MC: KFC0O8>3HFC0OA13J +S FC0Op>3 x e. eT., \0o 2
2 + 2
FC0OD>3MQ9klM 8%FC02+E=>3 2 l a aFC0e+1+43 lFC0e+4M13 + T2I0 T. e.aT
ieI0c T. e.aT

+

v kyv k
*@MQMC0e+43 k6 MC0OM13 :=qMC0O?>3xX MC:+MC0@K(3xX ?/
6 MC0GF13c? X hMC0@8>3 . 6 MC0OA13k+{X MH 2 +}6X M
6
e MC0Op>3Z? > 2 +o e MC0OD>3
*jKa-RMa=1=; ;eq69Ma=1=S e
*@FQ- '5nMC:<+43k '5 : 3
*[8\- 5P+J6 X AC:=;:<+ X A13Z 5P+ X AC:=;:<+Z6 X A13 UaeUa aa .R5I=;:<+1:=>3 a2Z 2
"# ! %$'&(
; kyvz7~ s"!$# vx~
*,+.-/+102+43H+4gC+4M+10O?>3kK1K+10GF13kK(g 'ZMa= 'EEgaDJ 5ID;+ K(F ' 3ga?18 ' +10GA13B69Ma=>ga?+10@D>3V=
*@MQ-RMC02+43VKCX FU +Ep1 a])` '<5nM1ga?>3ZMC0@?>3B+E8TMC0GF13 g\K5IZ]_a`(5nM&%>3{}`"'<5nM&%>33
"# ! %$'&( '

; kyvz7~)(Ty{z !# vx~

*,+.-/+102+43JMap+10O?>3+4gC+E=+10GF13B+

Calculo Diferencial e Integral II - Mauricio A1 Vilches e Maria L Correa

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Calculo Diferencial e Integral II - Mauricio A1 Vilches e Maria L Correa

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Copyright by Mauricio A. Vilches

~3%BAD/,W%BA0B'78-%#B 0;O e"%(->6"QR%BS79 %B T"f;,/>1=i"e'/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/

#%$ ' &N d } e.19P=L-0;eD/] %BO 0:D/7=/0;9P>6=W%BD/0;T'0;=L-0;e0;,IL-0B8-aW#0;90:!f;,/>6=L-

] } !40#7 0/aC=/0:!'C%# 0/aCD/0;T'50;=i"0;h;3b3Lab&;3Lab3b&m:~;&;&mM

]%BD/0; 7  - 3 Y 7  - 3 aC0|IL7-0B8 1 D/7-78"9P>6=W%BD/0|'0B8 7   7  ()

&; 7 _&;a D/7-78"9P>6=/ 7  7  M

  1    *IL7"0B8-c9p M } '/8-0 D/,b-0"#&%B.6%(8

>6> } IL-0B8 1 \) ,/=/>1C)%(8">60|"&! 1 Y! ;M

]) ,/=/>1C)%(8->10:]-9%U9P7"9$%XD/>18-b#( %BO 0:D/  1 M

>6>^h'W.6>6#%B=/D/0$%U.1>D/0;e#0 ` "=/0;%B0X"8-> %B/ =/f;,/.60UDW%|gWf;,b83%ba/-9:0;

} \IL7-0B8" 1 a 1  1  %BO 0H,/=/>1C)%(8">60;U9X,b-,W%B9:=i"|0B8!-0;f;0;=W%B>6M } #70;= ~,/=i-0 1 1 1 |) D/>1-0H%

} h#0 ` !=/0;D/""7%B/ =/f;,/.60;hD/>?8-7-0B8-7a i a A i

#%$ ' &N

FY0;9P0 1 !  1  a ! 1 !Y ;]&!  1 !Y  /.10;f;0/a i LN ; M

\%U,/=/>6DW%BD/\D/\#70;9:'/8->69:=i"0]) DW%BDW%U99P"8-0;Kj%|Q 0B8;#& %\) DW%BDW%|9

:  1     UIL-0B8-9 ae0'/8-0 D/,b-0

d !%B9 1 a  1   1 IL7-0B8-7AD/0: \TMA=L&O%B0/

^ ()% 8"&%GD/0z!8->%B/ =/f;,/.10) %G9P7-%BD/ZDW%()% 8-&%GD/0G'C%(83%B.6.10;fB83%B9P0D/7-8-9P>6=W%BD/0E'0B8  1 7    

 T FT%B.1#,/.6]0UIL0;.1,/9PD/0:'C%(83%B.67.67'*+ ) 'D/0UD/7-78-9:>6=W%BD/0U'5.60;TIL7-0B8-7  1 _Ab  a

!%B9 7  - 3 < 7 R - 3 X'50;=i-0;:D/0zWM^ D/>6! %B/ =/#>%=L"8-"7  7  )

]%BD/0; 7  - 3  7  - 3 9 aLIB%B9:0;d0B4/"78Y%],W%#B %BO 0jDW%]8-7-%j,/K'C%B"-%

^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-%]) DW%BDW%U'0B8 1 7   7  W.10;f;0/aW%BA ,W%#B 0;O T'C%(83%B97) "8">6#&%BT%BO 0/

me7-78"9P>6=/X%$ ,W%#B %BO 0DW%8-3%$,/@'C%B"-%$'7.60'0;=L-0G~;\;&mK<-9 %$D/>18"b#B %BO 0ZD/0IL-0B8

;Y]-78-9P>1=/j%|,W%#( %BO 0:DW%|8"73%U ,/\'C%B""%U'.10;T'50;=i"0;7

^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-% ) 1 7   7   3 b  b.10;f;0:%|,W%#B %BO 0B)

C d !%B9  8"73%BTD/jD/>18"b#B 0;O  1  1 a/8-7!'#->1I(%B9P=L-BC=L&O%B0/

t r , x& - 7x s r y r nur s  r  t y r  -Nr

.1>69P>1=W%B=/D/0P0P'C%(88%B/ 9P"8-0 T =W%$,W%#B %BO 0$DW%P8-3%ba0B4/-9:0;h%$Q 0B8-9$%:!>697) !8->6#&%PDW%P7,W%#B %BO 0DW%

0;T0;,b"8-0;e#%B"0;A7%BO 0P%B=TB)% .60;f;0;7M

kUlZl*  x o- r| { shx r yG u

!%<7,/9 '0;=L-0,/X=%BO 0$'8"-=/#%P

0;=/D/ 1     1   7|M^p'/8-0mI(%:D/~-jQR%(-0|gW#&%:#0;9:0Ub78-#B+ ) #>60/M

 ) #VW%B9P%BD/0'W.6%B=/0'C%B"-%B=/D/0'0B8 7 E-7=/D/0 =/0B8-9$%B. 1 M (*0;f;0/ah" 1 m aT0'W.%B=/0

m:7-78"9P>6=/%,W%#( %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/0 ,/'C%B!-%'5.60'50;=i-0~;];&m|

;j7-78"9P>6=/%2 ,W%#B %BO 0D/0E'W.6%B=/0E ,/$'C%B"-%2'.10'50;=i"0 ;\;]m\$) =/0B8-9$%B.%B0IL-0B8

#%$ '&N d FY0;=/">6D/83%B=/D/0%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0|'/8->69:>18-0|fB83%B,H=W%BAI(%(8->&()% IL>1TaW$@b

baW0;=/D/ a  =%BO 0P%BO 0|-0DW%BT=i,/.%BaW0:!,b4#0;= ~,/=L-0D/\d/

]) ,/9'W.6%B=/0:#0;9IL7-0B8T=/0B8-9$%B. 1 C 

kUlmklmk   { . u w7t {-

mY]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0;  N  j

;Y]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0;T|9@|\NN@bM

mY]-78-9P>1=/j%|D/>6! %B/ =/#>%|D/0U'0;=L-0;&;  %B0|'W.%B=/0mcX N  AjbM

#%$ '&N d 9 f;78-%B.a!    <

 0D/79P0;AQR%BS778%BT"f;,/>1=i-7ef;=/78-%B.6>6S%#B 0;O A'C%(8-%U aC

} /' 8-0D/,b"0:"#%B.%(8T-9 %BA"7f;,/>6=L-e'/8-0B'/8">6DW%BD/7

] " &6166" K G - &6161- Y%BO 0|'0;=L-0;AD/0U aW=L&O%B0/

9 "9P0;PD/0;>1:->1'50;PD/20B4b~7-0;$D/2=/0;"!0>1=i"78-"!Bz0;P/;)0 .6>6D/0;:%BP",b'8-Q+ ) #>1M

} \'W.%B=/0;]%BO 0+/9:'W.10;D/:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6M:^"7f;,/>18@D/gW=/>18-9:0;j,/9 =/0mIL0H->1'50HD/U",b'78"Q+ ) #>1B

} ",b4#70;= ~,/=i-0 a/D/7gW=/>1D/0P'0B8&

]) #VW%B9P%BD/0:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6@ ,TB)% Db8->6#&%|0;, ,TB)% Db8->6#&%U#=L"83%B.M

0;=/D/ C  =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;e 3b3Labm3L$b3b M

>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %U.1>1'W"B v

 ,W%#B %BO 0: ,/\8-7'/8""=L3%P%|"Q 783%PD/\#=L"8-0P=W%|0B8->6f;7983%B>10 M

9f;78-%B.aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0U.6>?'WW;)0 >6D/\#=L"83%BD/0P=/0|'0;=L-02R - 3 P

9'C%(8"">6#,/.6%(8&aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0: ,/]8-'/8-"=L3%$%|"Q 783%UD/j#=L"8-0:9 R - 3 K ]83%B>60 B)

0;=/D/ C  =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

>69:7"8->6%B%  ,W%#B %BO 0=%BO 0"%B.?-783%"",b4W!">1-,/>19P0;-53LP'0B8TT5ALX.60;f;0/a0

 83%#7 0;AD/0UV/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/jD/\,/9$%XQ 0;.6VW%b

> Y0X'W.%B=/0:@) %|.6>?'W"B  v;M

^T,W%#B 0;O 7

8-7'/8""=L3%B93%B9<4) 9V/>1'578"40;.;)0 >6D/YD/e,/9$%@Q 0;.6VW%bMN0j'/8->19P>?8-0@#&%B"0<0<7>4/0<D/0<V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/

0;=/D/ C  =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b M

~3%BAD/,W%BA0B'78-%#B 0;O e"%(->6"QR%BS79 %B T"f;,/>1=i"e'/8-0B'/8->1DW%BD/

#%$ ' &N d } e.19P=L-0;eD/] %BO 0:D/7=/0;9P>6=W%BD/0;T'0;=L-0;e0;,IL-0B8-aW#0;90:!f;,/>6=L-

] } !40#7 0/aC=/0:!'C%# 0/aCD/0;T'50;=i"0;h;3b3Lab&;3Lab3b&m:~;&;&mM

]%BD/0; 7 - 3 Y 7 - 3 aC0|IL7-0B8 1 D/7-78"9P>6=W%BD/0|'0B8 7 7 ()

&; 7 _&;a D/7-78"9P>6=/ 7 7 M

1 *IL7"0B8-c9p M } '/8-0 D/,b-0"#&%B.6%(8

>6> } IL-0B8 1 \) ,/=/>1C)%(8">60|"&! 1 Y! ;M

]) ,/=/>1C)%(8->10:]-9%U9P7"9$%XD/>18-b#( %BO 0:D/ 1 M

>6>^h'W.6>6#%B=/D/0$%U.1>D/0;e#0 ` "=/0;%B0X"8-> %B/ =/f;,/.60UDW%|gWf;,b83%ba/-9:0;

} \IL7-0B8" 1 a 1 1 %BO 0H,/=/>1C)%(8">60;U9X,b-,W%B9:=i"|0B8!-0;f;0;=W%B>6M } #70;= ~,/=i-0 1 1 1 |) D/>1-0H%

} h#0 ` !=/0;D/""7%B/ =/f;,/.60;hD/>?8-7-0B8-7a i a A i

FY0;9P0 1 ! 1 a ! 1 !Y ;]&! 1 !Y /.10;f;0/a i LN ; M

\%U,/=/>6DW%BD/\D/\#70;9:'/8->69:=i"0]) DW%BDW%U99P"8-0;Kj%|Q 0B8;#& %\) DW%BDW%|9

: 1 UIL-0B8-9 ae0'/8-0 D/,b-0

d !%B9 1 a 1 1 IL7-0B8-7AD/0: \TMA=L&O%B0/

^ ()% 8"&%GD/0z!8->%B/ =/f;,/.10) %G9P7-%BD/ZDW%()% 8-&%GD/0G'C%(83%B.6.10;fB83%B9P0D/7-8-9P>6=W%BD/0E'0B8 1 7

T FT%B.1#,/.6]0UIL0;.1,/9PD/0:'C%(83%B.67.67'*+ ) 'D/0UD/7-78-9:>6=W%BD/0U'5.60;TIL7-0B8-7 1 _Ab a

!%B9 7 - 3 < 7 R - 3 X'50;=i-0;:D/0zWM^ D/>6! %B/ =/#>%=L"8-"7 7 )

]%BD/0; 7 - 3 7 - 3 9 aLIB%B9:0;d0B4/"78Y%],W%#B %BO 0jDW%]8-7-%j,/K'C%B"-%

^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-%]) DW%BDW%U'0B8 1 7 7 W.10;f;0/aW%BA ,W%#B 0;O T'C%(83%B97) "8">6#&%BT%BO 0/

me7-78"9P>6=/X%$ ,W%#B %BO 0DW%8-3%$,/@'C%B"-%$'7.60'0;=L-0G~;\;&mK<-9 %$D/>18"b#B %BO 0ZD/0IL-0B8

;Y]-78-9P>1=/j%|,W%#( %BO 0:DW%|8"73%U ,/\'C%B""%U'.10;T'50;=i"0;7

^vD/>?8-b#B %BO 0UDW%U8-7-% ) 1 7 7 3 b b.10;f;0:%|,W%#B %BO 0B)

C d !%B9 8"73%BTD/jD/>18"b#B 0;O 1 1 a/8-7!'#->1I(%B9P=L-BC=L&O%B0/

t r , x& - 7x s r y r nur s r t y r -Nr

.1>69P>1=W%B=/D/0P0P'C%(88%B/ 9P"8-0 T =W%$,W%#B %BO 0$DW%P8-3%ba0B4/-9:0;h%$Q 0B8-9$%:!>697) !8->6#&%PDW%P7,W%#B %BO 0DW%

0;T0;,b"8-0;e#%B"0;A7%BO 0P%B=TB)% .60;f;0;7M

kUlZl* x o- r| { shx r yG u

!%<7,/9 '0;=L-0,/X=%BO 0$'8"-=/#%P

0;=/D/ 1 1 7|M^p'/8-0mI(%:D/~-jQR%(-0|gW#&%:#0;9:0Ub78-#B+ ) #>60/M

) #VW%B9P%BD/0'W.6%B=/0'C%B"-%B=/D/0'0B8 7 E-7=/D/0 =/0B8-9$%B. 1 M (*0;f;0/ah" 1 m aT0'W.%B=/0

m:7-78"9P>6=/%,W%#( %BO 0D/0'W.%B=/0 ,/'C%B!-%'5.60'50;=i-0~;];&m|

;j7-78"9P>6=/%2 ,W%#B %BO 0D/0E'W.6%B=/0E ,/$'C%B"-%2'.10'50;=i"0 ;\;]m\$) =/0B8-9$%B.%B0IL-0B8

#%$ '&N d FY0;=/">6D/83%B=/D/0%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0|'/8->69:>18-0|fB83%B,H=W%BAI(%(8->&()% IL>1TaW$@b

baW0;=/D/ a =%BO 0P%BO 0|-0DW%BT=i,/.%BaW0:!,b4#0;= ~,/=L-0D/\d/

]) ,/9'W.6%B=/0:#0;9IL7-0B8T=/0B8-9$%B. 1 C

kUlmklmk { . u w7t {-

mY]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0; N j

;Y]-78-9P>1=/\0 %B/ =/f;,/.60U=i!8-j0;K'W.%B=/0;T|9@|\NN@bM

mY]-78-9P>1=/j%|D/>6! %B/ =/#>%|D/0U'0;=L-0;&; %B0|'W.%B=/0mcX N AjbM

#%$ '&N d 9 f;78-%B.a! <

0D/79P0;AQR%BS778%BT"f;,/>1=i-7ef;=/78-%B.6>6S%#B 0;O A'C%(8-%U aC

} /' 8-0D/,b"0:"#%B.%(8T-9 %BA"7f;,/>6=L-e'/8-0B'/8">6DW%BD/7

] " &6166" K G - &6161- Y%BO 0|'0;=L-0;AD/0U aW=L&O%B0/

9 "9P0;PD/0;>1:->1'50;PD/20B4b~7-0;$D/2=/0;"!0>1=i"78-"!Bz0;P/;)0 .6>6D/0;:%BP",b'8-Q+ ) #>1M

} \'W.%B=/0;]%BO 0+/9:'W.10;D/:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6M:^"7f;,/>18@D/gW=/>18-9:0;j,/9 =/0mIL0H->1'50HD/U",b'78"Q+ ) #>1B

} ",b4#70;= ~,/=i-0 a/D/7gW=/>1D/0P'0B8&

]) #VW%B9P%BD/0:",b'578-Q+ ) #7>6@ ,TB)% Db8->6#&%|0;, ,TB)% Db8->6#&%U#=L"83%B.M

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;e 3b3Labm3L$b3b M

>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %U.1>1'W"B v

,W%#B %BO 0: ,/\8-7'/8""=L3%P%|"Q 783%PD/\#=L"8-0P=W%|0B8->6f;7983%B>10 M

9f;78-%B.aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0:D/0U.6>?'WW;)0 >6D/\#=L"83%BD/0P=/0|'0;=L-02R - 3 P

9'C%(8"">6#,/.6%(8&aC%U ,W%#B %BO 0: ,/]8-'/8-"=L3%$%|"Q 783%UD/j#=L"8-0:9 R - 3 K ]83%B>60 B)

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

>69:7"8->6%B% ,W%#B %BO 0=%BO 0"%B.?-783%"",b4W!">1-,/>19P0;-53LP'0B8TT5ALX.60;f;0/a0

83%#7 0;AD/0UV/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/jD/\,/9$%XQ 0;.6VW%b

> Y0X'W.%B=/0:@) %|.6>?'W"B v;M

^T,W%#B 0;O 7

8-7'/8""=L3%B93%B9<4) 9V/>1'578"40;.;)0 >6D/YD/e,/9$%@Q 0;.6VW%bMN0j'/8->19P>?8-0@#&%B"0<0<7>4/0<D/0<V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b M

^T,W%#B 0;O 7

8-7'/8""=L3%B93%B9<4) 9 V/>1'8"40;.;)0 >6D/ D/YD/,W%BNQ 0;.6VW%B7M 0h'/8->69P7>18-0h#%B"00>4b0D/0]V/>?'78!40;.&;)0 >1D/

;0 =/D/ m v =%BO 0%BO 0= ,/.10;MN%(83% baT%B:'C%(8C()% 40;.6%BP-9 %#70;=/#&% I>6DW%BD/IL0;.?3%BDW%

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b3LM

>6>1> 0U'W.6%B=/0U5\) %|'C%(8C()% 450;.%b

>69:7"8->6%BN%|7,W%#B %BO 0X=%BO 0|"]%B.1-78-%|"",b4W~->1-,/>19P0;2:'50B8 K2;T5/.60;f;0/a0X'C%(8-%(40;.&;)0 >1D/

83%#7 0;AD/0|'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/]V/>1'8"4A;)0 .6>1#0/

> Y0X'W.%B=/0:5@]) ,/9'C%(8AD/\8-3%Be ,/\"\>6=L-78-!#73%B9=W%U0B8->1f;9M

0;=/D/ C =%BO 0:7%BO 0P= ,/.10;M

=i"78-"b#( 0;O h#0;90;e7>4/0;T#0 0B8-D/=W%BD/0;eb3b3LM

0B4/-9:0;A0U#VW%B9P%BD/0U#>1.6>1=/Db8-0:#b), 4W>1#0/M =%BO 0:7%BO 0:=i,/.60;3M"=/V/0G%| D/>18-7>13%bM

9f;83%B.ab!\=W%X,W%#( %BO 0U ,/]D/7"#78-7IL],/9$%<,TB)% Db8">6#&%XQR%B.13%<,/9$%@I(%(8->&()% IL7.ab.6%X8"7'/8-"7=i3%U,/9

f;,W%B.%B=/D/0:%BA ,W%#B 0;O T'0B8b 5 bW#0;9U'W.673%B=/D/0U0;A W, %BDb83%BD/0;

P7-78-9:>6=/%,W%#B %BO 0DW%!,b'78-Q+) #>6EQ 0B8-9$%BDW%'7.60#0;= ~,/=i"0 D/0;'0;=L-0;<7 -53L

'0;=L-0b&;3L=W%UD/>?8-b#B %BO 0b3b&mM D/=L->1gW ,/<%U",b'578-Q+ ) #>6BM

^v!,b'78-Q+ ) #>6G\) ,/9'C%(83%(40;.;)0 >6D/]V/>1'578"4A;)0 .6>1#0/M

E0;~"8-e ,/e"A0\'50;=i-0 7 R - 3 '578"-=/#7%B0\'C%(83%(450;.&;)0 >1D/AV/>?'78"4A;)0 .1>6#0@@ P a

M } #0;= ~,/=L-0 X) ,/9$%:'50B8;#B %BO 0D/0