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Outline
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Dimensions and units Graphing Plot Reporting data in text or tables Random Error
In contrast to dimensions, of which only a few are needed, there is a multitude of units for measuring most quantities.
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Graphing
To be useful, the results of a scientific investigation or technical project must be communicated to others in the form of an oral presentation, technical report, journal article or monograph. Effective communication often requires figures, such as photographs, drawings, or graphs, in addition to words and equations. When choosing the type of figure to use, start with the type of data you have collected or intend to collect, and the type of information that you intend to convey.
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Graphing (cont..)
If a graph is appropriate, you need to make conscious decisions regarding several features in order to maximize its effectiveness. Decide exactly what type of relationship you want to depict - what would be the purpose of the figure? Examine the data, identify the independent and dependent variables and the units Select a plot type Select an appropriate scale for each axis and plot the data Adjust axis proportions to optimize effectiveness of the figure Check plot symbols, add a descriptive line and/or error bars if appropriate Prepare a legend if necessary Write out and place the caption If computer graphics are used, check the figure carefully and remove any features that do not belong
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Plot
The purpose of plotting scientific data is to visualize variation or show relationships between variables, but not all data sets require a plot. If there are only one or two points, it is easy to examine the numbers directly, and little or nothing is gained by putting them on a graph
Random Error
Random error, known also as experimental error, contributes uncertainty to any experiment or observation that involves measurements. One must take such error into account when making critical decisions. When you present data that are based on uncertain quantities, people who see your results should have the opportunity to take random error into account when deciding whether or not to agree with your conclusions.
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References
Introductory Laboratory Courses in Biochemistry & Cell Biology, syllabushttp://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/b ios211/index.htm Abdisalam Issa-Salwe lecture notes, Taibah University.
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